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New Paleobotanical Data on the Portuguese Pennsylvanian (Douro Carboniferous Basin, NW Portugal)

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New Paleobotanical Data on the Portuguese Pennsylvanian (Douro Carboniferous Basin, NW Portugal) Versão online: http://www.lneg.pt/iedt/unidades/16/paginas/26/30/185 Comunicações Geológicas (2014) 101, Especial I, 409-414 IX CNG/2º CoGePLiP, Porto 2014 ISSN: 0873-948X; e-ISSN: 1647-581X New paleobotanical data on the Portuguese Pennsylvanian (Douro Carboniferous Basin, NW Portugal) Novos dados paleobotânicos do Pensilvaniano português (Bacia Carbonífera do Douro, NW Portugal) P. Correia1*, Z. Šimůnek2, J. Pšenička3, A. A. Sá4,5, R. Domingos6, A. Carneiro7, D. Flores1,7 Artigo Curto Short Article © 2014 LNEG – Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP Abstract: This paper describes nine new macrofloral taxa from 1. Introduction Douro Carboniferous Basin (lower Gzhelian) of Portugal. The plant assemblage is mainly composed by pteridophylls (Sphenopteriss The fossil flora of Carboniferous of Portugal is still little arberi Kidston, Sphenopteris fayoli Zeiller, Sphenopteris tenuis known. The new megafloral occurrences recently found in Schenk, Odontopteris schlotheimii Brongniart), sphenopsids the Upper Pennsylvanian strata of Douro Carboniferous (Annularia spicata Gutbier, Stellotheca robusta (Feistmantel) Basin (DCB) provide new and important data about Surange and Prakash, Calamostachys grandis Zeiller (Jongmans) and Calamostachys calathifera Sterzel) besides the gymnosperm paleobotanical richness and diversity of the Paleozoic Cordaites foliolatus Grand`Eury. The new data provide a better floras of Portugal offering more information to previous understating of the knowledge of Late Carboniferous floras of researches reported from diverse localities and by different Portugal, showing the high plant diversity of Gzhelian floras, when authors (e.g. Wenceslau de Lima, Bernardino António considerable changes in paleogeography and climate dynamics are Gomes, Carlos Ribeiro, Carríngton da Costa, Carlos evidenced in Euramerican floristic assemblages. Teixeira, Robert Wagner). Keywords: Fossil plant assemblage, São Pedro da Cova, The main goal of the present study was to describe new Ermesinde, Douro Carboniferous Basin, Portugal. paleobotanical occurrences of fossil taxa from the Lower Resumo: Este trabalho descreve nove elementos megaflorísticos Gzhelian (Upper Pennsylvanian) outcrops in the São Pedro assinalados pela primeira vez no Carbónico (Gzeliano inferior) da Cova (Gondomar) and Ermesinde (Valongo) regions of continental português. Os novos achados paleontológicos, the DCB. Sphenopteriss arberi Kidston, Sphenopteris fayoli Zeiller, Sphenopteris tenuis Schenk, Odontopteris schlotheimii Brongniart, 2. Geologic and paleobotanical settings Annularia spicata Gutbier, Stellotheca robusta (Feistmantel) Surange and Prakash, Calamostachys grandis Zeiller (Jongmans), DCB occurs within the Douro-Beira Carboniferous Trough Calamostachys calathifera Sterzel) e Cordaites foliolatus which is located within the Central Iberian Zone in the Grand`Eury, foram identificados em formações do Gzheliano da Bacia Carbonífera do Douro. Os novos dados permitem uma melhor Iberian Massif of NW Portugal (e.g. Wagner & Lemos de compreensão do conhecimento da flora fóssil e da sua diversidade no Sousa, 1983; Pinto de Jesus, 2001). The DCB strata are Carbónico continental português, especialmente na Bacia lower Gzhelian in age and represent continental Carbonífera do Douro, bem como a sua dinâmica em relação com as intramontane syntectonic deposits (e.g. Eagar, 1983; grandes mudanças na paleogeografia e no paleoclima aí ocorridas. Wagner & Lemos de Sousa, 1983; Pinto de Jesus, 2001), Palavras-chave: Associações megaflorísticas, São Pedro da Cova, with alluvial fan debris characterized by flow-dominated Ermesinde, Bacia Carbonífera do Douro, Portugal. sediments at the base, passing upwards into lacustrine- palustrine facies, overlain by strata deposited in a braided 1Geology Centre of the University of Porto (CGUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, multistory-multichannel fluvial system (e.g. Pinto de 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. Jesus, 2001). Strata near the top of the sequence were 2Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3/131, 118 21 Praha 1, Czech Republic. 3West Bohemia Museum in Pilsen, Palaeontology Department, Kopeckého deposited in lacustrine facies with local deltaic features sady 2, 301 00 Plzeň, Czech Republic. (e.g. Pinto de Jesus, 2001). 4Department of Geology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001- The context for interpreting the new macrofloral 801 Vila Real, Portugal. elements, described here, is provided by associated flora 5Geosciences Center, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3000-272 Coimbra, Portugal. and fauna that occur in deposits with intramontane 6Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New characteristics and paleobiogeographic significance. These University of Lisbon, Portugal. deposits are described in detail by Wagner & Lemos de 7Department of Geosciences, Environmental and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Sousa (1983) who documented in DCB extrabasinal Portugal. elements such as the conifers Ernestiodendron filiciforme *Corresponding author / Autor correspondente: [email protected] (Von Schlotheim pars) Florin, cf. Culmitzschia frondosa var. zeilleri Florin and Culmitzschia parvifolia Florin, and 410 P. Correia et al. / Comunicações Geológicas (2014) 101, Especial I, 409-414 also the presence of cordaitales Dicranophyllum gallicum Sphenopteris tenuis Schenk, 1883 Grand’Eury and Dicranophyllum lusitanicum Heer, as well Description: as from paleozoological studies concluded by Eagar Frond fragments of ultimate pinnae 22-60 mm long. Main (1983), the occurrences of Anthraconaia lusitanica rachis is 0.5-1.0 mm wide. Pinnules are 5 mm (upper (Teixeira) Eagar and Anthraconaia (?) altissima Eagar. pinnules) to 19 mm (lower pinnules) in length and 4-6 mm in width, lobed, retracted at the base and attached 3. New paleobotanical data from Douro Carboniferous alternately on main rachis. Pinnules display seven lateral Basin oval-triangular lobes. Flexuous midvein and lateral veins The new macrofloral taxa described in this paper were further divided. found in new outcrops of the DCB. These outcrops dated Chronostratigraphical and geographical distribution: of the Lower Gzhelian are located in the Montes da Costa Carboniferous of Europe, ?America, China and Korea (e.g. (Ermesinde; 41°12´49.86´´N, 08°32´05.70´´W) and São Boureau & Doubinger, 1975). Pedro da Cova regions (Gondomar; 41°09´44.65´´N, Remarks: 08°30´25.73´´W). Most specimens were found in light-to- Similarities with the species Sphenopteris biturica Zeiller. dark gray shales (“insects level”: Loureiro et al., 2010; Correia et al., 2013, 2014) in the region of São Pedro da Sphenopteris fayoli Zeiller, 1888 Cova. These shales are relatively compact, laminated and Description: highly fossiliferous showing well-preserved plant fossils Frond fragments of ultimate and penultimate pinnae 35- from a rich terrestrial flora-like Pterisdospermaphytales 110 mm long. Ultimate pinnae attached alternately on and/or Pteridophylla (several genera: e.g., Sphenopteris, main rachis and relatively spaced. Main rachis very strong, Pecopteris, Lobatopteris, Callipteridium, 3 mm wide, and secondary rachises are 1.5 mm in width. Polymorphopteris, Neuropteris, Cyclopteris and Pinnae consist of pinnules 6-22 mm long and 4-11 mm Oligocarpia); Calamitales (e.g., Calamites, wide, strongly lobed. Pinnules display four lateral lobes, of Asterophyllites, Annularia and Calamostachys); ovate-triangular contour, attached by a large attachment Sphenophytales (e.g., Sphenophyllum); Cordaitales (e.g., base and decurrent. Pinnules of ultimate pinnae decurrent Cordaites); and some Lycophytales (lycophytes uncertain). at the attachment base. Midvein strong and decurrent to the This flora is associated and/or interbedded with lacustrine attachment base. Lateral veins divided twice to ?three deposits which are rich in non-marine bivalve fauna such times. as Anthraconaia cf. lusitanica (Teixeira). This megaflora Chronostratigraphical and geographical distribution: is typical from the Gzhelian (Late Carboniferous), when Stephanian of Europe (e.g. Boureau & Doubinger, 1975). considerable changes in paleogeography and climate Remarks: dynamics, evidencing a trend toward drier climate (e.g. The material of Sphenopteris fayoli bears some similarities Pfefferkorn & Thomson, 1982) are evidenced in with the species S. matheti Zeiller and S. biturica Zeiller. Euramerican floristic assemblages. Paleofloras of this interval are characterized by the sudden decrease of arborescent lycophytes associated to the dominance of tree Sphenopteris arberi Kidston, 1926 ferns/seed ferns and the representation of Cordaites. Description: Ultimate pinnae 13-26 mm long composed by short lobed 4. Results pinnules. Rachis very fine (0.5 mm wide). Pinnules 4-10 mm long and 3-5 mm wide, attached alternately on main Identification of the new macrofloral elements in DCB rachis and relatively spaced. Pinnules display four lateral (Fig. 1. A-P): lobes, ovate, entire, which attached by a large attachment base and decurrent. Flexuous midvein and lateral veins Stellotheca robusta (Feistmantel, 1880) Surange & further divided. Prakash, 1962 Chronostratigraphical and geographical distribution: Description: Carboniferous strata of Great Britain (e.g. Kidston, 1953; Foliar whorl composed by 11-13 leaves, 14-19 mm long Boureau & Doubinger, 1975). and 2.5-3.0 mm wide, widest point in the distal half, Remarks: obtuse to acuminate apices. They
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