DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of American Skunk Cabbage – Report by Neil Sanderson Commissioned by New Forest Non-Native Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of American Skunk Cabbage – Report by Neil Sanderson Commissioned by New Forest Non-Native Plants RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF AMERICAN SKUNK CABBAGE LYSICHITON AMERICANUS ON NATIVE VEGETATION January 2013 N A Sanderson BSc MSc for Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust --------------------------- NEIL SANDERSON Botanical Survey and Assessment --------------------------- 3 GREEN CLOSE WOODLANDS HAMPSHIRE SO40 7HU 023 8029 3671 Email: [email protected] Report commissioned by Hampshire & Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust on behalf of The New Forest Non-Native Plants Project NEW FOREST NON–NATIVE PLANTS PROJECT RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF SKUNK CABBAGE LYSICHITON AMERICANUS ON NATIVE VEGETATION January 2013 N A Sanderson BSc MSc For Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust --------------------------- NEIL SANDERSON --------------------------- 3 GREEN CLOSE WOODLANDS HAMPSHIRE SO40 7HU 023 8029 3671 Email: [email protected] NEW FOREST NON–NATIVE PLANTS PROJECT RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF SKUNK CABBAGE LYSICHITON AMERICANUS ON NATIVE VEGETATION Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background.....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 The New Forest Non-Native Plants Project..........................................................................................1 1.12 The Invasive Non-Native Species Framework Strategy for Great Britain............................................1 1.1.3 Need for Research on the Impact of Invasive Non-natives on Native Vegetation..............................1 1.2 Brief.................................................................................................................................................................1 1.2.1 Priority species for research during 2012, American Skunk cabbage..................................................1 1.2.2 Aim of the research................................................................................................................................2 1.2.3 Methodology...........................................................................................................................................2 2.0 METHODS...........................................................................................................................................................3 2.1 Vegetation Survey...........................................................................................................................................3 2.1.1 Sites.........................................................................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Timing.....................................................................................................................................................3 2.1.3 Landscape History..................................................................................................................................3 2.1.4 Vegetation..............................................................................................................................................3 2.1.5 Sampling.................................................................................................................................................4 2.2 Data.................................................................................................................................................................4 2.2.1 Nomenclature.........................................................................................................................................4 2.2.2 Indicator Lists.........................................................................................................................................6 2.2.3 Rarity & Threat.......................................................................................................................................6 2.2.4 National Vegetation Classification........................................................................................................6 2.2.5 Statistical Analysis..................................................................................................................................7 3.0 HARCOURT WOOD...........................................................................................................................................8 3.1 Landscape History..........................................................................................................................................8 3.1.1 Geology...................................................................................................................................................8 3.1.2 19th Century Maps..................................................................................................................................8 3.1.3 Early 20th Century...................................................................................................................................8 3.1.4 Current Landscape.................................................................................................................................8 3.2 Vegetation.......................................................................................................................................................9 3.2.1 Vegetation Area 1...................................................................................................................................9 3.2.2 Vegetation Area 2...................................................................................................................................9 3.2.3 Flora of the Wider Area........................................................................................................................10 3.3 Impact of Skunk Cabbage.............................................................................................................................10 3.3.1 Impact of Skunk Cabbage in Area 1....................................................................................................10 3.3.2 Impact of Skunk Cabbage in Area 2....................................................................................................14 3.4 Maps..............................................................................................................................................................16 3.5 Data...............................................................................................................................................................20 3.6 Photos............................................................................................................................................................27 4.0 AMPRESS...........................................................................................................................................................31 4.1 Landscape History........................................................................................................................................31 4.1.1 Geology.................................................................................................................................................31 4.1.2 1807 Ordnance Surveyors Drawing.....................................................................................................31 4.1.3 19th and 20th Ordnance Survey Plans...................................................................................................31 4.1.4 Current Landscape...............................................................................................................................31 4.2 Vegetation.....................................................................................................................................................31 4.3 Impact of Skunk Cabbage.............................................................................................................................32 4.4 Maps..............................................................................................................................................................37 4.5 Data...............................................................................................................................................................40 4.6 Photos............................................................................................................................................................45 5.0 DISCUSSION.....................................................................................................................................................47 5.1 Impact of Skunk Cabbage Lysichiton americanus .........................................................................................47 5.1.1 Vulnerable Habitats..............................................................................................................................47 5.1.2 Effect on Native Vegetation.................................................................................................................47 5.1.3 Quality of Habitats Invaded................................................................................................................48 5.2 Conclusions...................................................................................................................................................49 6.0 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................................50
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download/Empfehlung-Invasive-Arten.Pdf
    09-15078 rev FORMAT FOR A PRA RECORD (version 3 of the Decision support scheme for PRA for quarantine pests) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes Guidelines on Pest Risk Analysis Lignes directrices pour l'analyse du risque phytosanitaire Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests Version N°3 PEST RISK ANALYSIS FOR LYSICHITON AMERICANUS HULTÉN & ST. JOHN (ARACEAE) Pest risk analyst: Revised by the EPPO ad hoc Panel on Invasive Alien Species Stage 1: Initiation The EWG was held on 2009-03-25/27, and was composed of the following experts: - Ms Beate Alberternst, Projektgruppe Biodiversität und Landschaftsökologie ([email protected]) - M. Serge Buholzer, Federal Department of Economic Affairs DEA ([email protected]) - M. Manuel Angel Duenas, CEH Wallingford ([email protected]) - M. Guillaume Fried, LNPV Station de Montpellier, SupAgro ([email protected]), - M. Jonathan Newman, CEH Wallingford ([email protected]), - Ms Gritta Schrader, Julius Kühn Institut (JKI) ([email protected]), - M. Ludwig Triest, Algemene Plantkunde en Natuurbeheer (APNA) ([email protected]) - M. Johan van Valkenburg, Plant Protection Service ([email protected]) 1 What is the reason for performing the Lysichiton americanus originates from the pacific coastal zone of Northwest-America PRA? and was imported into the UK at the beginning of the 20th century as a garden ornamental, and has since been sold in many European countries, including southern 1 09-15078 rev countries like Italy. It is now found in 11 European countries. The species has been observed to reduce biodiversity in the Taunus region in Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska
    Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Origin and Rapid Diversification of the Genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), Integrating Molecular Phylogenetics, Morphology and Fossils
    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 8-3-2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Monica Maria Carlsen University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Carlsen, Monica Maria, "Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils" (2011). Dissertations. 414. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/414 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology with emphasis in Ecology, Evolution and Systematics June 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. (Advisor) Thomas B. Croat, Ph.D. (Co-advisor) Elizabeth Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter M. Richardson, Ph.D. Simon J. Mayo, Ph.D Copyright, Mónica M. Carlsen, 2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Skunk Cabbage Guide
    New York City EcoFlora Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C. Barton Skunk Cabbage Description: Perennial herbs from thickened vertical rhizomes and numerous fleshy roots with contractile rings; leaves crowded at the apex of the rhizome, appearing after the flowers, on short petioles, the blades fleshy, bright green, hairless, ovate or elliptic, 2 feet long and 1 foot wide (50 × 30 cm), reticulate veined, malodorous when crushed; inflorescences produced in winter; outer covering (spathe) mottled maroon and yellow-green, bulbous at the base, curved and twisted, tapering to a point; floral stalk (spadix) inside the spathe, globose, producing crowded bisexual flowers; fruit a mass of fused ovaries, 2–4 inches long (8 cm), developing slowly through the year, turning black and ripening in fall; seeds to 1/4 to 1/2 inches wide (1 cm). Where Found: Native to North America from Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south in the Appalachians to Georgia; swamps and wet woods in saturated soils; most abundant in New York City on Staten Island and in the Bronx, uncommon in Brooklyn, Queens and Manhattan. The plants are important for preventing erosion and maintaining water quality. Natural History: The perennial stem of the plant is an enlarged, starchy, underground organ called a rhizome. Rope-like contractile roots anchor the plant and pull the growing rhizome firmly into the muck. Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale), another rosette forming plant with starchy rhizomes and contractile roots is subject to grazing pressure and protects the growing crown (meristems) by maintaining it below the soil surface safely out of reach from grazing animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Lysichiton Americanus Hultén & H.St.John, 1931
    Identification of Invasive Alien Species using DNA barcodes Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Royal Museum for Central Africa Rue Vautier 29, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 1000 Brussels , Belgium 3080 Tervuren, Belgium +32 (0)2 627 41 23 +32 (0)2 769 58 54 General introduction to this factsheet The Barcoding Facility for Organisms and Tissues of Policy Concern (BopCo) aims at developing an expertise forum to facilitate the identification of biological samples of policy concern in Belgium and Europe. The project represents part of the Belgian federal contribution to the European Research Infrastructure Consortium LifeWatch. Non-native species which are being introduced into Europe, whether by accident or deliberately, can be of policy concern since some of them can reproduce and disperse rapidly in a new territory, establish viable populations and even outcompete native species. As a consequence of their presence, natural and managed ecosystems can be disrupted, crops and livestock affected, and vector-borne diseases or parasites might be introduced, impacting human health and socio-economic activities. Non-native species causing such adverse effects are called Invasive Alien Species (IAS). In order to protect native biodiversity and ecosystems, and to mitigate the potential impact on human health and socio-economic activities, the issue of IAS is tackled in Europe by EU Regulation 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and Council. The IAS Regulation provides for a set of measures to be taken across all member states. The list of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern is regularly updated. In order to implement the proposed actions, however, methods for accurate species identification are required when suspicious biological material is encountered.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE National Plant Monitoring Scheme SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE
    National Plant Monitoring Scheme SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE National Plant Monitoring Scheme SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE Contents White / Cream ................................ 2 Grasses ...................................... 130 Yellow ..........................................33 Rushes ....................................... 138 Red .............................................63 Sedges ....................................... 140 Pink ............................................66 Shrubs / Trees .............................. 148 Blue / Purple .................................83 Wood-rushes ................................ 154 Green / Brown ............................. 106 Indexes Aquatics ..................................... 118 Common name ............................. 155 Clubmosses ................................. 124 Scientific name ............................. 160 Ferns / Horsetails .......................... 125 Appendix .................................... 165 Key Traffic light system WF symbol R A G Species with the symbol G are For those recording at the generally easier to identify; Wildflower Level only. species with the symbol A may be harder to identify and additional information is provided, particularly on illustrations, to support you. Those with the symbol R may be confused with other species. In this instance distinguishing features are provided. Introduction This guide has been produced to help you identify the plants we would like you to record for the National Plant Monitoring Scheme. There is an index at
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Spring Flyway
    The Flyway Spring 2021 Quarterly newsletter for Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually and Grays Harbor National Wildlife Refuges Contents Western Skunk Cabbage: Skunk Cabbage Lysichiton americanus in Bloom in Bloom .............. 1 By David True Western skunk cabbage is part of a On the Wing ......... 2 Park Ranger, Nisqually NWR Complex family called Araceae, or the arum fam- ily, most of which grow in the Ameri- Conservation Corps I love scientific names! When Carl Lin- can tropics. These groups of plants start Crew Breathes New naeus formalized the use of a binomial to grow with a stem called a spadix Life ....................... 3 nomenclature for taxonomic specializa- and are surrounded by a bract called tion, it helped to modernize the way Refuge Seeks Student a spathe. In skunk cabbage the spa- scientists could Art to Celebrate dix is a green stem classify species. For Watershed! ........... 4 with many brightly instance, there are colored yellow flow- Shorebirds don’t many species of rob- ers crowded around understand social ins found throughout the top with a bright distancing. ............ 4 the world, but many yellow spathe sur- of them are not Exploring the rounding it, earning closely related. But if Nisqually Watershed, it another name, you see the scientific Virtually! ............... 5 Swamp Lantern. But name Turdus mi- this color is not the What’s Black and gratorius, you know only reason why White, Flies, and that we are speaking the plant stands out Calls its Name about the American early in the season Constantly? ........... 6 robin. And many when most other scientific names are Join Friends of flowering plants quite beautiful in Nisqually NWRC! .
    [Show full text]
  • Crstus NURSERY LLC 22711 NW GILLIHAN RD SAUVIE ISLAND, OR 97231 • 503.621.2233 Fun and Games with Sustainability: a Slideshow by Sean Hogan
    CrSTUS NURSERY LLC 22711 NW GILLIHAN RD SAUVIE ISLAND, OR 97231 • 503.621.2233 WWW.CISTUS.COM Fun and Games with Sustainability: a slideshow by Sean Hogan 1. It's (not) rocket science 38. Quercus hypoleucoides 2. intimate landscape design 39. Quercus laceyi 3. summer drought an issue ... 40. Quercus phellos 4. native planting? 41. perfect street tree 5. Quercus garryana 42. space saving tree 6. Bioswale / surroundings 43. Huckleberry oak regeneration 7. Bioswale / surroundings 44. Quercus vaccinifolia 8. Bioswale / surroundings 45. blending of native and vernacular 9. Bioswale / surroundings 46. Ceanothus integerrimus 10. Bioswale / surroundings 47. Ceanothus integerrimus 11. Bioswale / surroundings 48. Ceanothus 'Kurt Zadnik' 12. Bioswale / surroundings 49. Ceanothusfoliosus v. vineatus SBH 7667 13. How do we rethink our plant palette? 50. this can even happen to native plants 14. Juncus patens 'Elk Blue' 51. Which way is the wind blowing? 15. Carex (glauca)flacca 52. Arctostaphylos viscida 16. Carex tumulicola 53. Arctostaphylos manzanita 17. Mixed grasses at Suncrest Nursery _ 54. Arctostaphylos manzanita 18. Restio tetraphyllu~, 55. Arctostaphylos manzanita 19. Restio tetraphyllus 56. Arctostaphylos viscida 20. Yucca rostrata 'Sapphire Skies' 57. Arctostaphylos hispidula 21. Camassia leichtlinii var.leichtlinii 58. Arctostaphylos hybrid population near 22. Escholtzia californica and Sisyrinchium Sandy, Oregon 23. Epipactis gigantea 'Serpentine Night' 59. Mixed Arctostaphylos 24. Narthecium californicum 60. Oregon Mountain mix 25. Narthecium californicum 61. wild Oregon wolf 26. Darmera peltata along Illinois River, 62. Arctostaphylos patula & Mt. Hood from Oregon the east 27. Darmera peltata along Illinois River, 63. Arctostaphylos patula with A. columbiana Oregon 64. manzanita with a view 28. Darmera peltata 65.
    [Show full text]
  • American Skunk Cabbage - American Skunk of Leaf Emerging American Skunk Cabbage Plants at Almost Full Almost - Height at Cabbage Plants American Skunk C
    The National Biodiversity Data Centre Documenting Ireland’s Wildlife American skunk cabbage Invasive: Medium impact Lysichiton americanus Species profi le Habitat: Terrestrial. Needs wet areas. Distribution in Ireland: Sparse distribution but locally abundant in some places. Status: Established. Family name: Araceae. Reproduction: Male and female (sometimes hermaphrodite) flowers can occur within the same distinctive inflorescence which consists of a spathe and spadix. Pollination is carried out by beetles in North America. Identifying features Colour: Large green leaf surrounds a yellow spathe within which is a green/yellow spadix (a spike of inflorescence). Smell: As the name suggests, the plant emits a foul smelling odour when damaged/crushed or when dying back. Size: Can grow up to 1.5 metres. American skunk cabbage plants at almost full height - C. O’ Flynn Size of American skunk cabbage spike and spadex against hand - C. O’Flynn Emerging leaf of American skunk cabbage - Shutterstock First published 2013 First Please report your sightings of this species at: http://invasives.biodiversityireland.ie American skunk cabbage Invasive: Medium impact Threats Forms dense stands which can shade out native species. Its preference for wet soils means that the seed can easily be dispersed via waterbodies. Seasonal variations Winter – Spring: Late flowering plant. Summer – Autumn: Green berries ripen in July and August. Similar species Shape of the flower could be confused with native Arum maculatum, but Arum maculatum has a smaller spathe and differs in colour from bright yellow spathes of Lysichiton americanus. American skunk cabbage showing the spathe covering the spadex - Shutterstock Arum maculatum is native to Ireland which has a spadex Planted American skunk cabbage, notice how the spadex outgrows the spathe which once shielded it - Shutterstock surrounding by a spathe L.Lysaght View Ireland’s distribution of this species on http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie Biodiversity National Biodiversity Data Centre fact sheet.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants Species Checklist
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Crater Lake National Park (CRLA) Species Checklist This species list is a work in progress. It represents information currently in the NPSpecies data system and records are continually being added or updated by National Park Service staff. To report an error or make a suggestion, go to https://irma.nps.gov/npspecies/suggest. Scientific Name Common Name Vascular Plants Alismatales/Araceae [ ] Lemna minor duckweed [ ] * Lysichiton americanus skunk cabbage Alismatales/Potamogetonaceae [ ] Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimus Berchtold's pondweed Alismatales/Tofieldiaceae [ ] Tofieldia glutinosa Tofieldia [ ] * Tofieldia occidentalis Apiales/Apiaceae [ ] Angelica genuflexa bentleaf or kneeling angelica [ ] Heracleum lanatum Cow Parsnip [ ] Ligusticum grayi Gray's Licoriceroot, Gray's lovage, Lovage [ ] Lomatium martindalei coast range lomatium, few-fruited lomatium, Martindale's lomatium [ ] Lomatium nudicaule barestem lomatium, pestle parsnip [ ] Lomatium triternatum nineleaf biscuitroot [ ] Osmorhiza berteroi Mountain Sweet Cicely [ ] Osmorhiza depauperata blunt- fruited sweet cicely [ ] Osmorhiza purpurea purple sweet cicely, Sweet Cicely [ ] Oxypolis occidentalis Western Oxypolis, western sweet cicely [ ] Sanicula graveolens northern sanicle, Sierra sanicle [ ] Sphenosciadium capitellatum Swamp Whiteheads, swamp white-heads, woolly-head parsnip Apiales/Araliaceae [ ] Oplopanax horridus Devil's Club Asparagales/Amaryllidaceae [ ] Allium amplectens slim-leaf onion [ ] * Allium geyeri
    [Show full text]
  • American Skunk Cabbage (Lysichiton Americanus)
    www.nonnativespecies.org For definitive identification, contact [email protected] American skunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanus) Synonyms: - American yellow skunk cabbage, meadow cabbage, skunk cabbage, skunk weed, swamp cabbage, western skunk cabbage, yellow arum, yellow skunk cabbage, yellow skunk-cabbage Consignments likely to come from: XX Use: commonly used as a garden pond plant Identification difficulty: easy Identification information: - large riparian plant, grows up to 1.5m tall - leaves grow from a basal rosette - leaves are bright green, leathery and grow up to 1m long - flowers consists of 1 or 2 (sometimes 4) bright yellow spathes (leaf like) up to 45cm long, surrounding a central green spadix - emits an unpleasant odour Key ID Features Flower usually has 1-2 bright yellow spathes Older leaves are darker and more leathery Leaves bright green, leathery and can grow up to 1m long Central spadix is green Large leaves grow from a rosette at the plant base Similar species There are not many plants likely to be confused with American skunk-cabbage, especially if it is in flower. However, it might be confused with Asian skunk cabbage and Lords-and-ladies. Lysichiton camtschatcense Lysichiton americanus (Asian skunk cabbage) (American skunk-cabbage) for comparison Very similar in appearance to American skunk-cabbage but slightly smaller in size Flower has bright yellow spathes Flower has white spathes rather than yellow Odourless Emits an unpleasant odour Arum maculatum (Lords-and-ladies) Much smaller than American skunk- Flower has green cabbage, grows up spathes rather than to 25cm tall yellow, and a purple spadix rather than green Leaves are arrow shaped, often with dark spots Additional online resources to support identification: Q-bank Photos and diagrams from: NNSS, Natural England, Catherine Chatters .
    [Show full text]
  • Lysichiton Americanus
    NOBANIS –Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Lysichiton americanus Authors of this fact sheet: Frank Klingenstein1 and Beate Alberternst2, 1German Federal Environment Ministry, Robert-Schuman-Platz 3, DE-53175 Bonn, Germany; +49(0)228/305-2626; [email protected] and 2 Projektgruppe Biodiversität und Landschaftsökologie, Hinter´m Alten Ort 9, 61169 Friedberg, E-mail: [email protected] Bibliographical reference – how to cite this fact sheet: Klingenstein F. and Alberternst B. (2010): NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Lysichiton americanus. – From: Online Database of the European Network on Invasive Alien Species - NOBANIS www.nobanis.org, Date of access x/x/201x. Species description Scientific names: Lysichiton americanus Hultén and St. John 1931 (Araceae) Synonyms: Lysichitum americanum, Lysichiton americanum (for nomenclature see Alberternst and Nawrath 2002: 94). Common names: American Skunk-cabbage (GB), Western Skunk-cabbage (US), Amerikanischer Stinktierkohl (DE), Amerikanische Scheinkalla (DE), Amerikanischer Riesenaronstab (DE), gul kæmpekalla (DK), ameerika kevadvõhk (EE), keltamajavankaali (FI; kelta = yellow, Lysichiton = majavankaali), Moeraslantaarn (NL), skunk-kala (NO), Tulejnik amerykański (PL) ,amerikansk skunkkalla (SE), gul skunkkalla (SE). Fig. 1 and 2. Lysichiton americanus inflorescences and spadix, photo by Beate Alberternst. Fig. 3. Lysichiton americanus population, photo by Beate Alberternst. You may see more photos of the species on the virtual flora of Sweden. Species identification Lysichiton americanus is a tall herb (up to 1.5 m high, covering approximately 1 m2 ground) with large (40-70 cm up to 1.5 m) tobacco-like, stemmed leathery leaves with a light sheen and stems as thick fleshy rhizomes (up to 30 cm long and 2.5-5 cm diameter) under the ground.
    [Show full text]