American Skunk Cabbage - American Skunk of Leaf Emerging American Skunk Cabbage Plants at Almost Full Almost - Height at Cabbage Plants American Skunk C

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American Skunk Cabbage - American Skunk of Leaf Emerging American Skunk Cabbage Plants at Almost Full Almost - Height at Cabbage Plants American Skunk C

The National Biodiversity Data Centre Documenting Ireland’s Wildlife American skunk cabbage Invasive: Medium impact Lysichiton americanus Species proﬁ le Habitat: Terrestrial. Needs wet areas. Distribution in Ireland: Sparse distribution but locally abundant in some places. Status: Established. Family name: Araceae. Reproduction: Male and female (sometimes hermaphrodite) flowers can occur within the same distinctive inflorescence which consists of a spathe and spadix. Pollination is carried out by beetles in North America. Identifying features Colour: Large green leaf surrounds a yellow spathe within which is a green/yellow spadix (a spike of inflorescence). Smell: As the name suggests, the plant emits a foul smelling odour when damaged/crushed or when dying back. Size: Can grow up to 1.5 metres. American skunk cabbage plants at almost full height - C. O’ Flynn Size of American skunk cabbage spike and spadex against hand - C. O’Flynn Emerging leaf of American skunk cabbage - Shutterstock First published 2013 First Please report your sightings of this species at: http://invasives.biodiversityireland.ie American skunk cabbage Invasive: Medium impact Threats Forms dense stands which can shade out native species. Its preference for wet soils means that the seed can easily be dispersed via waterbodies. Seasonal variations Winter – Spring: Late flowering plant. Summer – Autumn: Green berries ripen in July and August. Similar species Shape of the flower could be confused with native Arum maculatum, but Arum maculatum has a smaller spathe and differs in colour from bright yellow spathes of Lysichiton americanus. American skunk cabbage showing the spathe covering the spadex - Shutterstock Arum maculatum is native to Ireland which has a spadex Planted American skunk cabbage, notice how the spadex outgrows the spathe which once shielded it - Shutterstock surrounding by a spathe L.Lysaght View Ireland’s distribution of this species on http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie Biodiversity National Biodiversity Data Centre fact sheet. Produced with funding from The Heritage Council Maps and the EPA STRIVE Programme 2007-2013 Text: Colette O' Flynn & Oisín Duffy (Version 1) November 2013..

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09-15078 rev FORMAT FOR A PRA RECORD (version 3 of the Decision support scheme for PRA for quarantine pests) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes Guidelines on Pest Risk Analysis Lignes directrices pour l'analyse du risque phytosanitaire Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests Version N°3 PEST RISK ANALYSIS FOR LYSICHITON AMERICANUS HULTÉN & ST. JOHN (ARACEAE) Pest risk analyst: Revised by the EPPO ad hoc Panel on Invasive Alien Species Stage 1: Initiation The EWG was held on 2009-03-25/27, and was composed of the following experts: - Ms Beate Alberternst, Projektgruppe Biodiversität und Landschaftsökologie ([email protected]) - M. Serge Buholzer, Federal Department of Economic Affairs DEA ([email protected]) - M. Manuel Angel Duenas, CEH Wallingford ([email protected]) - M. Guillaume Fried, LNPV Station de Montpellier, SupAgro ([email protected]), - M. Jonathan Newman, CEH Wallingford ([email protected]), - Ms Gritta Schrader, Julius Kühn Institut (JKI) ([email protected]), - M. Ludwig Triest, Algemene Plantkunde en Natuurbeheer (APNA) ([email protected]) - M. Johan van Valkenburg, Plant Protection Service ([email protected]) 1 What is the reason for performing the Lysichiton americanus originates from the pacific coastal zone of Northwest-America PRA? and was imported into the UK at the beginning of the 20th century as a garden ornamental, and has since been sold in many European countries, including southern 1 09-15078 rev countries like Italy. It is now found in 11 European countries. The species has been observed to reduce biodiversity in the Taunus region in Germany.
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Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
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Understanding the Origin and Rapid Diversification of the Genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), Integrating Molecular Phylogenetics, Morphology and Fossils
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 8-3-2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Monica Maria Carlsen University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Carlsen, Monica Maria, "Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils" (2011). Dissertations. 414. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/414 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology with emphasis in Ecology, Evolution and Systematics June 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. (Advisor) Thomas B. Croat, Ph.D. (Co-advisor) Elizabeth Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter M. Richardson, Ph.D. Simon J. Mayo, Ph.D Copyright, Mónica M. Carlsen, 2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D.
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Bibliography
Bibliography Albre, J., Quilichini, A. & Gibernau, M., 2003. Pollination ecology of Arum italicum (Araceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141(2), 205–214. Allen, G. 1881. The Evolutionist at Large, Chatto & Windus. Available at: http://archive.org/details/ evolutionistatl00allegoog [accessed 19 August, 2012]. Allen, G. 1897. The Evolution of the Idea of God: An Inquiry into the Origins of Religion, H. Holt and company. Available at: http://archive.org/details/evolutionideago00allegoog [accessed 19 August, 2012]. Anon., 1526. The Grete Herball. Translated from French by Peter Treveris: London. Anon., 1833. History of Vegetable Substances Used in the Arts, in Domestic Economy, and for the Food of Man, Boston, Lilly, Wait, Colman and Holden. Available at: http://archive.org/details/ historyofvegetab02bostiala [accessed 12 January, 2013]. Anon., 1838. Stone quarries and beyond. The Penny Magazine. Available at: http:// quarriesandbeyond.org/articles_and_books/isle_of_portland.html [accessed 12 January, 2013]. Anon., 1861. The Physicians of Myddvai; Meddygon Myddvai, or The Medical Practice of the Celebrated Riwallon and his Sons, of Myddvai, in Caermarthenshire, Physicians to Rhys Gryg, Lord of Dynevor and Ystrad Towy, about the Middle of the Thirteenth Century, Llandovery: D.J. Roderic, London, Longman & Co. Available at: http://archive.org/details/ physiciansofmydd00llan [accessed 12 January, 2013]. Anon., 2004. Arum maculatum (for advanced foragers only). BushcraftUK. Available at: http:// www.bushcraftuk.com/forum/showthread.php?t=3862 [accessed 12 January, 2013]. Anon., 2008. Herbal Medicine Diploma Course. A Brief History of Herbalism. Lesson 1. Anon., 2012. Wihtburh [Withburga]. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Available at: https:// en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wihtburh&oldid =530340470 [accessed 12 January, 2013].
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Skunk Cabbage Guide
New York City EcoFlora Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C. Barton Skunk Cabbage Description: Perennial herbs from thickened vertical rhizomes and numerous fleshy roots with contractile rings; leaves crowded at the apex of the rhizome, appearing after the flowers, on short petioles, the blades fleshy, bright green, hairless, ovate or elliptic, 2 feet long and 1 foot wide (50 × 30 cm), reticulate veined, malodorous when crushed; inflorescences produced in winter; outer covering (spathe) mottled maroon and yellow-green, bulbous at the base, curved and twisted, tapering to a point; floral stalk (spadix) inside the spathe, globose, producing crowded bisexual flowers; fruit a mass of fused ovaries, 2–4 inches long (8 cm), developing slowly through the year, turning black and ripening in fall; seeds to 1/4 to 1/2 inches wide (1 cm). Where Found: Native to North America from Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south in the Appalachians to Georgia; swamps and wet woods in saturated soils; most abundant in New York City on Staten Island and in the Bronx, uncommon in Brooklyn, Queens and Manhattan. The plants are important for preventing erosion and maintaining water quality. Natural History: The perennial stem of the plant is an enlarged, starchy, underground organ called a rhizome. Rope-like contractile roots anchor the plant and pull the growing rhizome firmly into the muck. Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale), another rosette forming plant with starchy rhizomes and contractile roots is subject to grazing pressure and protects the growing crown (meristems) by maintaining it below the soil surface safely out of reach from grazing animals.
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The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae
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Lysichiton Americanus Hultén & H.St.John, 1931
Identification of Invasive Alien Species using DNA barcodes Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Royal Museum for Central Africa Rue Vautier 29, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 1000 Brussels , Belgium 3080 Tervuren, Belgium +32 (0)2 627 41 23 +32 (0)2 769 58 54 General introduction to this factsheet The Barcoding Facility for Organisms and Tissues of Policy Concern (BopCo) aims at developing an expertise forum to facilitate the identification of biological samples of policy concern in Belgium and Europe. The project represents part of the Belgian federal contribution to the European Research Infrastructure Consortium LifeWatch. Non-native species which are being introduced into Europe, whether by accident or deliberately, can be of policy concern since some of them can reproduce and disperse rapidly in a new territory, establish viable populations and even outcompete native species. As a consequence of their presence, natural and managed ecosystems can be disrupted, crops and livestock affected, and vector-borne diseases or parasites might be introduced, impacting human health and socio-economic activities. Non-native species causing such adverse effects are called Invasive Alien Species (IAS). In order to protect native biodiversity and ecosystems, and to mitigate the potential impact on human health and socio-economic activities, the issue of IAS is tackled in Europe by EU Regulation 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and Council. The IAS Regulation provides for a set of measures to be taken across all member states. The list of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern is regularly updated. In order to implement the proposed actions, however, methods for accurate species identification are required when suspicious biological material is encountered.
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