Poisonous Plants for Rabbits by Cindy Fisher
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Moringa Oleifera 31.05.2005 8:55 Uhr Seite 1
Moringa oleifera 31.05.2005 8:55 Uhr Seite 1 Moringa oleifera III-4 Moringa oleifera LAM., 1785 syn.: Guilandina moringa LAM.; Hyperanthera moringa WILLD.; Moringa nux-ben PERR.; Moringa pterygosperma GAERTN., 1791 Meerrettichbaum, Pferderettichbaum Familie: Moringaceae Arabic: rawag Malayalam: murinna, sigru Assamese: saijna, sohjna Marathi: achajhada, shevgi Bengali: sajina Nepali: shobhanjan, sohijan Burmese: daintha, dandalonbin Oriya: sajina Chinese: la ken Portuguese: moringa, moringueiro English: drumstick tree, Punjabi: sainjna, soanjna horseradish tree, ben tree Sanskrit: shobhanjana, sigru French: moringe à graine ailée, Sinhalese: murunga morungue Spanish: ángela, ben, moringa Gujarati: midhosaragavo, saragavo Swahili: mrongo, mzunze Hindi: mungna, saijna, shajna Tamil: moringa, murungai Kannada: nugge Telegu: mulaga, munaga, Konkani: maissang, moring, tellamunaga moxing Urdu: sahajna Fig. 1: Flower detail (front and side view) Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse – 40. Erg.Lfg. 6/05 1 Moringa oleifera 31.05.2005 8:55 Uhr Seite 2 Moringa oleifera III-4 Drumstick tree, also known as horseradish tree and ben It is cultivated and has become naturalized in other parts tree in English, is a small to medium-sized, evergreen or of Pakistan, India, and Nepal, as well as in Afghanistan, deciduous tree native to northern India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, West Asia, the Nepal. It is cultivated and has become naturalized well Arabian peninsula, East and West Africa, throughout the beyond its native range, including throughout South Asia, West Indies and southern Florida, in Central and South and in many countries of Southeast Asia, the Arabian Pe- America from Mexico to Peru, as well as in Brazil and ninsula, tropical Africa, Central America, the Caribbean Paraguay [17, 21, 29, 30, 51, 65]. -
Asparagus
Give Your Family More of the Good Stuff! Asparagus Basics $ and $ n excellent sourc hop ave is a e of V gus ita < Look for stalks that are firm ra ps build stro m a hel ng bo in with tightly closed tips. Color sp ich ne K A wh s. , can be bright green, creamy white or even purple. < Stalks with the same thickness will cook in the same amount of time. < Fresh asparagus may be best Types of quality and lowest price when harvested locally, usually April Asparagus and May. Generally, thinner spears are < Asparagus is also available more delicate and tender; canned and frozen. thicker spears have stronger flavor and hearty texture. Asparagus Math: Thicker spears can be sliced on the diagonal into smaller One pound = 12 to 15 spears, pieces to cook more quickly. 9 to 10 inches long and 1/2 < Green – the most common to 3/4 inches thick type. = 3 cups trimmed < White – covered with soil as it grows to keep green 1 = 2 /2 cups cooked pigments from developing. Considered a delicacy and may cost more than green. tore Well < Purple – has more sugar and S less fiber than green. The skin aste Less is burgundy or purple but the W flesh is pale green to creamy I Refrigerate fresh asparagus for up white. Cooking may cause I to 5 days. Wash under cool running water more green to show. Less • Stand stalks in 1 inch of water just before using. Remove tough ends: commonly available and may like a flower bouquet and cover • Hold an end of the stalk in each cost more than green. -
The Loss of an Old Friend
The Loss Of An Old Friend. The story of what happened to the male Phytolacca dioica x weberbauri in the Palomar College Arboretum. Antonio Rangel; March, 2014 Palomar Community College Facilities Department, Grounds Services & Friends of the Palomar College Arboretum 1140 West Mission Road San Marcos, California 9206 Introduction As best anyone knows, this hybrid species has never been seen in the wild and was the result of an incidental and accidental fertilization between the two species at the Huntington Botanical gardens in San Marino California over 40 years ago. The In December of 2013 the Palomar College Grounds Huntington has one female P. dioica and one male P. Department was faced with a painful and weberbaueri very close to each other. Bees or wind unfortunate decision. They were forced to remove a transfer the pollen and the result is a hybrid. (Peers large and beautiful specimen of Phytolacca dioica x Comm) A few seedlings were donated to the college weberbaueri, because it had become so infected by the Huntington in the early 1970s for planting in with an unknown root pathogen, that there was no the Arboretum. Robert James Kelly, who was a very doubt, in the coming years it was in danger of active promoter, founder and advocate of the toppling over. Sadly the specimen had been in Arboretum, was the person who is said to have decline for at least two years and was the largest chosen the planting location for this plant. “tree” on campus. Collectively, the plants in this genus do not develop lignified (hardened) wood composed of multiple layers of old dead cells “tightly adhered to each other” in the same manner that true trees do. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Albre, J., Quilichini, A. & Gibernau, M., 2003. Pollination ecology of Arum italicum (Araceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141(2), 205–214. Allen, G. 1881. The Evolutionist at Large, Chatto & Windus. Available at: http://archive.org/details/ evolutionistatl00allegoog [accessed 19 August, 2012]. Allen, G. 1897. The Evolution of the Idea of God: An Inquiry into the Origins of Religion, H. Holt and company. Available at: http://archive.org/details/evolutionideago00allegoog [accessed 19 August, 2012]. Anon., 1526. The Grete Herball. Translated from French by Peter Treveris: London. Anon., 1833. History of Vegetable Substances Used in the Arts, in Domestic Economy, and for the Food of Man, Boston, Lilly, Wait, Colman and Holden. Available at: http://archive.org/details/ historyofvegetab02bostiala [accessed 12 January, 2013]. Anon., 1838. Stone quarries and beyond. The Penny Magazine. Available at: http:// quarriesandbeyond.org/articles_and_books/isle_of_portland.html [accessed 12 January, 2013]. Anon., 1861. The Physicians of Myddvai; Meddygon Myddvai, or The Medical Practice of the Celebrated Riwallon and his Sons, of Myddvai, in Caermarthenshire, Physicians to Rhys Gryg, Lord of Dynevor and Ystrad Towy, about the Middle of the Thirteenth Century, Llandovery: D.J. Roderic, London, Longman & Co. Available at: http://archive.org/details/ physiciansofmydd00llan [accessed 12 January, 2013]. Anon., 2004. Arum maculatum (for advanced foragers only). BushcraftUK. Available at: http:// www.bushcraftuk.com/forum/showthread.php?t=3862 [accessed 12 January, 2013]. Anon., 2008. Herbal Medicine Diploma Course. A Brief History of Herbalism. Lesson 1. Anon., 2012. Wihtburh [Withburga]. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Available at: https:// en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wihtburh&oldid =530340470 [accessed 12 January, 2013]. -
Asparagus Densiflorus 'Sprengeri'
FPS051 Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’ Sprengeri Asparagus Fern1 Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen2 Introduction ‘Sprengeri’ Asparagus Fern is a rounded herbaceous perennial that is used in the landscape for its attractive, fine-textured foliage. This 1 to 4 foot-tall plant has true leaves that are scale-like and inconspicuous. The structures that most refer to as leaves are actually leaf-like branchlets called cladophylls. These tiny cladophylls are linear, flat- tened structures that are bright green in color. They occur singly or in groups of 3 or more at a node. The stems of this plant emerge directly from the ground and become woody and spiny, so be careful when handling this species. The thorns cause significant irritation to many people Figure 1. Full form—Asparagus densiflorus: ‘Sprengeri’ Sprengeri that handle the plant. Pretty, red, ovoid berries occur on asparagus fern. Asparagus densiflorus throughout the year. Several birds eat Credits: Edward F. Gilman, UF/IFAS and probably distribute the fruit. These fruits follow tiny, General Information white, flowers that occur in axillary racemes; the flowers are inconspicuous for the most part but fragrant. Seeds Scientific name: Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’ germinate in the landscape and the plant has escaped into Pronunciation: ass-SPAR-uh-gus den-sif-FLOR-us natural habitats in parts of Florida. It can also become a Common name(s): ‘Sprengeri’ asparagus fern weed in your landscape. Family: Liliaceae Plant type: herbaceous; perennial USDA hardiness zones: 9B through 11 (Figure 2) Planting month for zone 7: year round Planting month for zone 8: year round Planting month for zone 9: year round Planting month for zone 10 and 11: year round Origin: not native to North America Invasive potential: potentially invasive 1. -
Edible Leafy Plants from Mexico As Sources of Antioxidant Compounds, and Their Nutritional, Nutraceutical and Antimicrobial Potential: a Review
antioxidants Review Edible Leafy Plants from Mexico as Sources of Antioxidant Compounds, and Their Nutritional, Nutraceutical and Antimicrobial Potential: A Review Lourdes Mateos-Maces 1, José Luis Chávez-Servia 2,* , Araceli Minerva Vera-Guzmán 2 , Elia Nora Aquino-Bolaños 3 , Jimena E. Alba-Jiménez 4 and Bethsabe Belem Villagómez-González 2 1 Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Posgraduados, Carr. México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; [email protected] 2 CIIDIR-Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; [email protected] (A.M.V.-G.); [email protected] (B.B.V.-G.) 3 Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa-Enríquez 1090, Mexico; [email protected] 4 CONACyT-Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa-Enríquez 1090, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 May 2020; Accepted: 13 June 2020; Published: 20 June 2020 Abstract: A review of indigenous Mexican plants with edible stems and leaves and their nutritional and nutraceutical potential was conducted, complemented by the authors’ experiences. In Mexico, more than 250 species with edible stems, leaves, vines and flowers, known as “quelites,” are collected or are cultivated and consumed. The assessment of the quelite composition depends on the chemical characteristics of the compounds being evaluated; the protein quality is a direct function of the amino acid content, which is evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the contribution of minerals is evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or ICP mass spectrometry. The total contents of phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, saponins and other general compounds have been analyzed using UV-vis spectrophotometry and by HPLC. -
Fasciation. Lumina C
346 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. III, No. 3, FASCIATION. LUMINA C. RIDDLE. The phenomena of fasciation are sufficiently striking to attract the attention of the most casual observer, and the malformation occurs so frequently that nearly every person has seen one or more cases of it. It manifests itself usually by a remarkable broadening and flattening of the stem, crowded phyllotaxy and often spiral twisting and splitting of this broadened axis, although the portion of the plant affected and the exact character of the growth varies with the nature of the plant. Those having the rosette habit throughout their entire life, as the common dande- lion, show fasciation in the peduncle of the inflorescence. In the thistle (Fig. 2,) which has the rosette habit during the first year Fig. 1. a. Ailanthus glandulosus. b. Ranunculus abortivus, and is stemmed during the second year, it has only been observed in the second year's growth and affected the entire stalk. In the herbaceous hollow-stemmed plant of Ranunculus abortivus, {Fig. 1, b,) the entire stem was found fasciated and inside was found a reversed cylinder having the delicate epidermal layer within and a well developed ring of fibro-vascular tissue surround- ing it. In Erigeron philadelphicus the leaves were so closely Jan., 1903.] Fasciation. 347 compacted that the stem was entirely concealed while the top of the stalk was twisted down. In woody plants fasciated stems are nearly always split or twisted, often both, as shown in Ailanthus glandidosus {Fig. i, a.) Fasciation is found frequently occurring in man}- cultivated plants; the flowers, hyacinths, gladioli, narcissus, violets, gerani- u m s , nasturtiums ( Tropoeolum); the garden vegetables, cabbage or Brassica oleracea, and beets, Beta vulgaris ; and trees, Pinus, Thuya, Taxus, Salix, Alnus,Ulmus, Prunus and Populus. -
(Asparagus Officinalis): a Source of Developmental, Chemical and Urinary Intrigue
Supplementary Material Green and white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis): A Source of Developmental, Chemical and Urinary Intrigue Eirini Pegiou 1, Roland Mumm 2, Parag Acharya 3, Ric C.H. de Vos 2, Robert D. Hall 1,2,4,* 1 Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 2 Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (R.C.H.d.V.) 3 Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, 6708WH Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 4 Netherlands metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected] Supplementary Tables Table S1: List of non-volatile secondary metabolites detected and reported in A. officinalis (green and/or white) materials (when not indicated, this was not reported in the article and green can be assumed). For the description of the analytical techniques the following codes apply; the separation or ionization technique (HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography, MALDI: matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization) and the detector (MS: mass spectrometry, UV: ultraviolet, NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance, I: imaging) (MW: molecular weight in g/mol, FW: fresh weight, DW: dry weight). Analytical Detected secondary metabolite, Asparagus material (reported technique Molecular formula (MW) concentration) (Reference) Polyphenols Flavonoids quercetin-3-O-rutinoside Green spears -
Broad-Spectrum Virus Resistance in Transgenic Plants Expressing Pokeweed Antiviral Protein JENNIFER K
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 90, pp. 7089-7093, August 1993 Genetics Broad-spectrum virus resistance in transgenic plants expressing pokeweed antiviral protein JENNIFER K. LODGE*, WOJCIECH K. KANIEWSKI, AND NILGUN E. TUMERtt Monsanto Co., 700 Chesterfield Village Parkway, St. Louis, MO 63198 Communicated by Myron K. Brakke, April 12, 1993 ABSTRACT Exogenous application of pokeweed antiviral show that expression of PAP confers resistance to unrelated protein (PAP), a ribosome-inhibiting protein found in the cell viruses. Virus resistance, previously observed in transgenic walls of Phytolacca americana (pokeweed), protects heterolo- plants expressing coat protein genes or the read-through gous plants from viral infection. A cDNA clone for PAP was component of the tobacco mosaic virus replicase gene, has isolated and introduced into tobacco and potato plants by been specific for the virus from which the genes are derived transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transgenic or closely related viruses (8, 9). The results of the experi- plants that expressed either PAP or a double mutant derivative ments described here provide a way of producing transgenic of PAP showed resistance to infection by different viruses. plants that may be resistant to a broad spectrum of plant Resistance was effective against both mechanical and aphid viruses. transmission. Analysis of the vacuum infiltrate of leaves ex- pressing PAP showed that it is enriched in the intercellular MATERIALS AND METHODS fluid. Analysis of resistance in transgenic plants suggests that PAP confers viral resistance by inhibiting an early event in Isolation of a PAP cDNA Clone. A probe to identify the infection. Previous methods for creating virus-resistant plants cDNA for the PAP gene was made by using PCR to amplify have been specific for a particular virus or closely related the DNA that encodes the first 30 amino acids of the mature viruses. -
Leaf Blotching in Caladium
HORTSCIENCE 44(1):40–43. 2009. (Deng and Harbaugh, 2006; Wilfret, 1986). The presence of leaf spots is controlled by a single locus with two alleles that are inherited Leaf Blotching in Caladium (Araceae) independently from leaf shape but closely linked with the color of the main vein (Deng Is Under Simple Genetic Control and et al., 2008). Another major foliar trait in caladium is Tightly Linked to Vein Color leaf blotching, the occurrence of numerous irregularly shaped color areas between major Zhanao Deng1 and Brent K. Harbaugh veins on leaf blades. Leaf blotches may University of Florida, IFAS, Environmental Horticulture Department, appear singly or coalesce to large areas of Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 14625 County Road 672, coloration, up to several inches on mature leaves. This pattern of coloration in combi- Wimauma, FL 33598 nation with bright colors has resulted in Additional index words. Caladium ·hortulanum, leaf characteristics, inheritance, breeding, attractive, highly valued and desired cala- ornamental aroids dium cultivars, including Carolyn Whorton and White Christmas. With large pink or Abstract. Cultivated caladiums (Caladium ·hortulanum Birdsey) are valued as important white blotches, ‘Carolyn Whorton’ and pot and landscape plants because of their bright, colorful leaves. Improving leaf ‘White Christmas’ have been the most pop- characteristics or generating new combinations of these characteristics has been one of ular fancy-leaved pink or white cultivars the most important breeding objectives in caladium. A major leaf characteristic in (Bell et al., 1998; Deng et al., 2005). Interest caladium is leaf blotching, the presence of numerous irregularly shaped color areas in incorporating this coloration pattern into between major veins on leaf blades. -
Illinois Bundleflower (Desmanthus Illinoensis) Story by Alan Shadow, Manager USDA-NRCS East Texas Plant Materials Center Nacogdoches, Texas
Helping People Help The Land September/October 2011 Issue No. 11 The Reverchon Naturalist Recognizing the work of French botanist Julien Reverchon, who began collecting throughout the North Central Texas area in 1876, and all the botanists/naturalists who have followed ... Drought, Heat and Native Trees ranging from simple things like more extensive root systems, to more drastic measures like pre- Story by Bruce Kreitler mature defoliation, what they actually have little Abilene, Texas defense against is a very prolonged period of no appreciable water supply. nybody that has traveled in Texas this year A will have noticed that not only most of the By the way, even though they are usually the land browned out, but also if you look at the trees same species, there is a difference in landscape in the fields and beside the roads, they aren't trees and native trees, which are untended plants looking so good either. It doesn't take a rocket that have to fend for themselves. While they are scientist to realize that extreme high temperatures indeed the same basic trees, the differences be- combined with, and partially caused by, drought tween the environments that they live in are huge are hard on trees. and thus overall general environmental factors such as drought, temperature, and insect infesta- Since I'm pretty sure that most of the people read- tions act on them differently. For the purposes of ing this article understand very well that drought this article, I'm referring to trees that are on their is a problem for trees, the question isn't is the pre- own, untended for their entire lives in fields, pas- sent drought going to have an effect on trees, but tures, forests, or just wherever nature has placed rather, what are the present effects of the drought them and refer to them as native trees. -
Effects of Breed of Sheep and Dietary Onions on Bitterweed (Hymenoxys Odorata DC) Toxicity
Volume 29, 2014 - December Effects of Breed of Sheep and Dietary Onions on Bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata DC) Toxicity E. S. Campbell1,3, T. R. Whitney2, C. A. Taylor, Jr.1, N. E. Garza1 1 Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Sonora, TX 76950 2 Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, San Angelo, TX 76901 3 Corresponding author: [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGMENT Partial support for the research was provided by the Texas Food and Fiber Commission/ Texas Department of Agriculture, Austin, TX. Summary isonitrogenous diets consisted of alfalfa elicited a breed effect (P< 0.05) for pellets to provide 32 g DM/kg BW per serum measurements reflective of bitter- Bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata day. Animals were group-fed onions for a weed toxicity; bilirubin, gamma-glu- DC) toxicity is a major cause of death 10-d preconditioning period, then tamyltransferase (GGT) and AST con- losses in Rambouillet sheep. This study penned and fed individually for study. centrations were greater (P ≤ 0.001) for compared the susceptibility of two Individual onion feeding commenced on DBBs than for Rambouillets. The AST, breeds [Rambouillet and Dorper × Bar- d 0 and continued through d 7. On d 3 of bilirubin, creatinine, GGT, and SUN bados Blackbelly (DBB)], of wool and onion feeding, lambs were dosed with an were clinically high for all treatments, hair sheep lambs to bitterweed toxicosis; aqueous slurry of dried bitterweed (0.25 including controls, indicating acute tox- and the potential for cull onions (Allium percent of BW, DM-basis) daily through icity. Feed refusals did not differ among cepa) to mitigate bitterweed toxicity.