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Environmental Pest Plants
REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY © Crown Copyright 2010 145 Contract Report No. 2075 REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, J. 1885: On the botany of Te Aroha Mountain. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 17: 275-281 Allaby, M. (ed) 1994: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. 415 pp. Allan, H. H. 1982: Flora of New Zealand. Vol 1. Government Printer, Wellington. Allen, D.J. 1983: Notes on the Kaimai-Mamaku Forest Park. New Zealand Forest Service, Tauranga (unpublished). 20 p. Allen R.B. and McLennan M.J. 1983, Indigenous forest survey manual: two inventory methods. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 48. 73 pp. Allen R.B. 1992: An inventory method for describing New Zealand vegetation. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 181. 25 pp. Anon 1975: Biological reserves and forest sanctuaries. What’s New in Forest Research 21. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua. 4 p. Anon 1982: Species list from Kopurererua Stream. New Zealand Wildlife Service National Habitat Register, May 1982. Bay of Plenty Habitat sheets, Folder 2, records room, Rotorua Conservancy. Anon 1983a: Reserve proposals. Northern Kaimai-Mamaku State Forest Park. Background notes for SFSRAC Meeting and Inspection, 1983. Tauranga. 12 pp. Anon 1983b: The inadequacy of the ecological reserves proposed for the Kaimai-Mamaku State Forest Park. Joint campaign on Native Forests, Nelson. 14 p. plus 3 references. Anon 1983c: Overwhelming support to save the Kaimai-Mamaku. Bush Telegraph 12: 1-2. Wellington. Anon 1989: Conservation values of natural areas on Tasman Forestry freehold and leasehold land. Unpublished report for Tasman Forestry Ltd, Department of Conservation and Royal Forest & Bird Protection Society. -
Acidising Case Study – Kawerau Injection Wells
PROCEEDINGS, Thirty-Sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 31 - February 2, 2011 SGP-TR-191 ACIDISING CASE STUDY – KAWERAU INJECTION WELLS Yoong Wei Lim1, Malcolm Grant2, Kevin Brown3, Christine Siega1 and Farrell Siega1 1 Mighty River Power, 283 Vaughan Road, Rotorua, New Zealand 2 MAGAK, 208D Runciman Road, RD2 Pukekohe 2677 New Zealand 3 GEOKEM, P.O. Box 30-125, St Martins, Christchurch, New Zealand e-mail: 1 [email protected]; ABSTRACT Brine at the Kawerau Geothermal Limited (KGL) plant was injected into three injection wells (KA43, KA44 and PK4A). Since plant commissioning, the capacity of the wells declined to the point where well intervention was necessary to avoid loss of generation. Investigative work was initiated with multi-rate injection tests which found that the injection index of the wells had declined significantly to approximately half of pre-utilisation levels. Further geochemistry analysis identified that the most likely source of injectivity decline was scaling due to colloidal silica forming in the formation. KA44 and PK4A were acidised using a standard 10% hydrochloric acid pre-flush followed by a 10%:5% HF:HCL mud acid solution. A 2” coil tubing unit with a 5 hole 45º nozzle bottom hole assembly was used giving a maximum pump rate of 3.5 - 4.0 barrels per minute. Feedzones were acidised one at a time starting with the deeper zones. Post well injection tests identified that the acidising Figure 1: Location of the Kawerau Geothermal Field had recovered the injectivity of the deeper feedzones but the shallower feedzones remain blocked with Silica precipitation at Kawerau has been a concern scale. -
Ecology, Management and History of the Forests of the Mamaku Plateau
Broekhuizen, P.; Nicholls, J.L.; Smale, M.C. 1985: A provisional list of vascular plant species: Rapurapu track, Kauri spur, and Rapurapu Gorge, Kaimai-Mamaku SF Park. Contributed by the Rotorua Botanical Society. Unpublished report held on file at Bay of Plenty Conservancy Office, Department of Conservation, Rotorua. [This work lists 135 indigenous species and 15 adventive species in the Rapurapu catchment, North Mamaku. It is arranged by lifeform within four vegetation types related to topography. Kauri (which is towards the lower southern extent of its range), six podocarp species and 47 fern species, which represents a strongly diverse fern flora for the relative size of the area surveyed, are recorded in the Rapurapu catchment, northern Mamaku. See Smale (1985) for botany of the catchment, and Bellingham et al. (1985) for botany of the general central and southern Mamaku Plateau—AEB.] Keywords: Rapurapu catchment, plant list, vegetation types, Rapurapu, kauri, Agathis australis, Kaimai Mamaku State Forest Park Brown, K.P.; Moller, H.; Innes, J.; Alterio, N. 1996: Calibration of tunnel tracking rates to estimate relative abundance of ship rats (Rattus rattus) and mice (Mus musculus) in a New Zealand forest. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 20: 271–275. [From the authors’ abstract:] Ship rat (Rattus rattus) and mouse (Mus musculus) density and habitat use were estimated by snap trapping and tracking tunnels at Kaharoa in central North Island, New Zealand. Eighty-one ship rats were caught in an effective trapping area of 12.4 ha. Extinction trapping gave an estimated density of 6.7 rats ha–1 (6.5–7.8 rats ha–1, 95% confidence intervals). -
Kawerau Geothermal System Management Plan
KAWERAU GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PLAN February 2018 Prepared in Collaboration with Executive Summary The Kawerau Geothermal System is located to the north-east of Kawerau within the Bay of Plenty Region, and partially underlies the township of Kawerau. It has been substantially developed for industrial purposes pursuant to resource consents granted by the Bay of Plenty Regional Council (BOPRC) under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA). This includes geothermal energy being used for electricity generation, industrial processes (direct heat) and cultural purposes. Bay of Plenty Regional Council has functions under Section 30 of the RMA for the management of geothermal resources. The Bay of Plenty Regional Policy Statement (RPS) requires the preparation of a System Management Plan (SMP) for the Kawerau Geothermal System as a key part of the way in which BOPRC intends to manage the Kawerau Geothermal System. This SMP has been prepared in collaboration with the four consent holders authorised to take more than 1,000 tonnes per day of geothermal fluid from the Kawerau Geothermal System, being: Mercury NZ Limited, Ngāti Tūwharetoa Geothermal Assets Limited, Geothermal Developments Ltd, and Te Ahi O Māui Partnership. Engagement has also been undertaken with tangata whenua and interested and potentially affected parties, including industrial operators using the geothermal resource. The purpose of this SMP is to ensure that the Kawerau Geothermal System is managed in a sustainable manner in accordance with the requirements of the RMA and the relevant policy and planning documents prepared under the RMA. The content anticipated in an SMP is set out in Policy GR7B of the RPS and includes objectives for its overall management and strategies to achieve the objectives The SMP is a non-statutory document and will be periodically reviewed and updated to ensure that it remains relevant and fit for purpose. -
Kawerau AS and Other Blocks
r RECEIVED CLADMIN lq '4. I ~ .,.... r<)l..-- ,.....,..-._ ................ 1 Kawerau AS and other blocks by Sharyn Green This report was commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for the claim by JH Fox for Tuwharetoa Te Atua Reretahi Trust Board relating to Te Wai U 0 Tuwharetoa (Wai 21) Any conclusions drawn or opinions expressed are those of the author Introduction My name is Sharyn Green (N gati Maniapoto) and I am employed as a researcher for the Waitangi Tribunal. I have produced research reports for the Waitangi Tribunal on Wai 247, 248, and 238. I have a law degree from the University of Otago in Dunedin and I am an admitted barrister and solicitor of the court as of October 1992. I completed some Maori studies papers while at the University of Otago and tutored Maori language for the department for three years. I was commissioned by the tribunal to produce this report in May 1992. This report concerns an ancillary claim to Wai 62. Wai 62 was lodged with the Waitangi Tribunal by John Henry Fox, Beverly Adlam, and William Savage of the iwi Tuwharetoa ki Kawerau, in 1988. That claim concerns lands confiscated by the Crown pursuant to legislation in the 1860s following the New Zealand wars.1 This ancillary claim to Wai 62 concerns Tasman Pulp and Paper Mill Ltd (Tasman) creating part of an effluent treatment system on land where the rangatira Tuwharetoa had a pa, and features other sites considered significant by Ngati Tuwharetoa. This report is confined to discussing the establishment of this system. -
Adsorption of Colour from Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewaters Onto Diatomaceous Earths
http://waikato.researchgateway.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Adsorption of Colour from Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewaters onto Diatomaceous Earths A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry at The University of Waikato by Shane B Carter 2007 © 2007 Shane B Carter II Abstract Production of pulp and paper from raw wood involves the washing of substantial quantities of highly coloured material from the wood pulp. Although most of this colour is trapped within the mill and the mills wastewater treatment system, discharge of coloured wastewater remains a problem of public concern. Lake Rotorua, New Zealand is filled with sediment consisting almost exclusively of diatoms. The most abundant species, Aulacoseira, has been shown to have very small pores (< 200 nm) that could be very useful for the capture and holding of large organic molecules. -
Aspects of the Chronology, Structure and Thermal History of the Kawerau Geothermal Field
Aspects of the Chronology, Structure and Thermal History of the Kawerau Geothermal Field By Sarah Dawn Milicich A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology Victoria University of Wellington School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Wellington, New Zealand 2013 ii „It is what it is‟ id est quod est J.L. Wooden (pers. comm. 2010) iii iv ABSTRACT The development and management of high-temperature geothermal resources for electrical power generation requires accurate knowledge of the local geological conditions, particularly where they impact on the hydrology of the resource. This study is an integrated programme of work designed to develop new perspectives on the geological and structural framework of the Kawerau geothermal resource as a sound basis for field management. Although the geological approaches and techniques utilised in this study have previously been used, their application to an integrated study of a geothermal system in New Zealand has not been previously undertaken. Correlating volcanic and sedimentary stratigraphy in geothermal areas in New Zealand can be challenging due to similarities in lithology and the destruction of distinctive chemical, mineralogical and textural characteristic by hydrothermal alteration. A means to overcoming these issues is to utilise dating to correlate the stratigraphy. Zircons are resistant to the effects of typical hydrothermal conditions and were dated using SIMS techniques (SHRIMP-RG) to retrieve U–Pb ages on zircons. These age data were then used to correlate units across the field, in part aided by correlations to material that had previously been dated from fresh rock by 40Ar/39Ar techniques, and used to redefine the stratigraphic framework for the area. -
Bioenergy Options for New Zealand
BIOENERGY OPTIONS FOR NEW ZEALAND ANALYSIS OF LARGE-SCALE BIOENERGY FROM FORESTRY Productivity, Land use and Environmental & Economic Implications New Zealands EnergyScape Contributors to this report Peter Hall, Barbara Hock, Dave Palmer, Mark Kimberly, Steve Pawson, Christian Walter, Phil Wilcox and Michael Jack Next generation biomaterials Donna Giltrap, Anne-Gaelle Aussiel, Jagath Ekanayake, Peter Newsome, John Dymond Maribeth Todd, Wei Zhang, Suzie Kerr Adolf Stroombergen This report is the 4 th output from the Bioenergy Options for New Zealand project. It builds on previous studies described in the Situation Analysis, Pathways Analysis and Bioenergy Research Strategy . Analysis Of Large-Scale Bioenergy From Forestry: i Acknowledgements Scion acknowledges; - the support of FRST for funding the Bioenergy Options Project - the valuable contributions made by many contributing authors - review comments from staff from Scion, Landcare, Motu, Infometrics, EECA, MAF, and MED Bioenergy Options for New Zealand ANALYSIS OF LARGE-SCALE BIOENERGY FROM FORESTRY Productivity, Land use and Environmental & Economic Implications April 2009 Lead Authors : Peter Hall and Michael Jack Editor : Margaret Richardson Scion, Energy Project, 2009 Disclaimer The information and opinions provided in the Report have been prepared for the Client and its specified purposes. Accordingly, if any person, other than the Client, uses the information and opinions in this report it is entirely at their own risk. The report has been provided in good faith and on the basis that reasonable endeavours have been made to be accurate and not misleading and to exercise reasonable care, skill and judgment in providing such information and opinions. Neither Scion, nor any of its employees, officers, contractors, agents nor other persons acting on its behalf or under its control accept any responsibility or liability in respect of any information or opinions provided in this Report by Scion. -
Whakatāne District Council Submissions and Feedback - Annual Plan 2020/21 As Circulated for Council Deliberations on 18 June 2020
Whakatāne District Council Submissions and feedback - Annual Plan 2020/21 As circulated for Council deliberations on 18 June 2020 Pg. Ref Submitter Name 4 Crete@Ohope 5 Anton 6 Mem Jenner 7 Phillipa 8 EBOPCC 9 Jordan Mandery 10 Spakey 11 Bronwen Foxx 12 Patsy 13 X 14 Sandrose9 15 Coops 16 Bmacca 17 Emmeline Taylor 18 Shirley Baker, Water Safety Bay of Plenty 28 Corina Niven, Galatea Reserve and Management Committee 29 Forest & Bird, Eastern Bay of Plenty Branch 30 Graeme Weston 46 John and HJ Blair 48 Ian McDonald, Matatā Residents Association 60 Brent Sheldrake, Sport New Zealand 65 Cindy Lee 70 Rebecca Mackay, Erin Green and Richard Hamer 74 Te Waiti Rangiwai, Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Whare 77 Carolyn Hamill, Bike Trust Whakatāne 79 Toi Economic Development Agency 87 Mem Jenner, Murupara Community Board 90 Mem Jenner – Community Action Youth and Drugs (CAYAD) 92 TeAroha Taki Pg. Ref Submitter Name 94 Moira Hanna – Whakatāne-Ōhope Community Board 95 Lucy Devaney – Eastern Bay of Plenty Chamber of Commerce 100 Graham Chambers 102 Heidi Litchwark – Sport Bay of Plenty 106 Lani Thompson 107 Kiri Carter, Awakeri Events Centre Committee 118 Kiri Carter, Awakeri School Community 124 Gina Seay 125 Ses Webster 126 Nigel Billings, Federated Farmers of New Zealand 131 Gordon J Dickson 132 Sue Shaw 133 Patuheuheu and Ngati Haka hapu, Waiohau Marae 134 Garry Pellett 137 Rex Humpherson, Whakatane MTB Club 138 Tony Goodman 140 Maramena Vercoe, Te Runanga o Ngati Manawa 143 Bonnie Savage & Abraham Aruguipa 144 Shona Pedersen 145 [Anonymous] 147 Potatau Puutu -
INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL on Direct Application of Geothermal Energy
INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL on Direct Application of Geothermal Energy Under the auspice of the Division of Earth Sciences DIRECT USE APPLICATIONS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN NEW ZEALAND Trevor M. Hunt1 & John W. Lund2 1 Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences, Private Bag 2000, Taupo, New Zealand ([email protected]) 2 Geo-Heat Center, Oregon Institute of Technology, 3201 Campus Drive, Klamath Falls, Oregon 97601, USA. ([email protected]) ABSTRACT temperature geothermal resources in a triangular shaped area called the Taupo Direct use of geothermal energy in Volcanic Zone (Fig. 1). In some other New Zealand is relatively small (approx. parts of the North Island low enthalpy 7000 TJ/yr) because of cheap electricity, springs occur associated with deep circu- but is increasing. At present, the greatest lation of meteoric waters; these springs use is as industrial process heat in a generally emerge at active tectonic faults. timber mill at Kawerau where fluid from a In the South Island a narrow zone of low high-temperature geothermal re-servoir is enthalpy springs occur; these are also as- used directly to heat combustion air and sociated with major tectonic faults (Fig. 1). shatter sprays in chemical recovery boi- Because of the abundance of high-en- lers, heat black liquor, and to pre-heat thalpy geothermal resources, and the boiler water. Clean steam, obtained using wide-spread availability of cheap hydro- a heat exchanger, is used to dry paper, generated electricity (US3c/kWhr, heat boiler water, and generate electricity wholesale) and natural gas, little effort has for the mill. Other significant uses are in been made to explore and develop low- space heating, timber drying, fish farming enthalpy geothermal resources except for and orchid growing. -
Pūrongorongo Ā-Tau Annual Report Te Poari Matua O
TE POARI MATUA O RAUKAWA RAUKAWA SETTLEMENT TRUST PŪRONGORONGO Ā-TAU ANNUAL REPORT PohPoohohatuturoaoa ststandanandds strottrong amiam dsstt tht e forests andld lakes of te Pae o Raukawa 2 He tinitētēkura ka hauhakeingākākanowhakatōkia engāmātua,tūpuna He pakiakaterākauitūai,meikore akekorātou,kuakorerawahokimātou Nā mātou,nātātou tekawengakiaūtonukingāmahi ikōkiritiaerātoumā TŪ Tēnā tātoungāwaihotangaehīakeanaiteātākura Tēnā Ko tekawaioRaukawaK Kei ngāihi,keiwehi,mana,reo RO Whakatakoto ihokoMeremere-tū-ahiahiitepō MŌ Nei rā ngā mihi o Te PoariMatuaoRaukawa Nei rāngāmihioTe o Whakaaraara maikoKōpūiteatahāpara t NG Kei ngāwhakatamarahikiterangi TA Kei ngāwhakateiteikitewhenua e kaw R H O Nō reira,whāiakia mau! A O I RRA HO HO KAMA TĀ TU UE KĀKATI = M TA UK TUR a TU WH MA TA NG i Ā o AW O PU HI O A TA AT Ra O P I M O A E A NAN PŪ AO A u kawa AR RA ANG U I RAUKAWA SETTLEMENT TRUST ANNUAL REPORT 2010 RĀRANGIRĀRANGI ŪPOKOŪPOKO CONTENTSCONTENTS Highlights 4 Introduction 6 Raaukawa Seettlement Trust report Chairmaan’s report 10 A word frrom the KaumĀtua 12 Raukawa 2030 14 Chih eef Execuutive’s commentary 15 Finaancial sttatements 16 Raukawa Trust Board report 24 Chaiirmam n’s reeport 26 Key evev nts 28 Raukawa Fisheeries Limited 28 Report aga ainst the business plan 29 Financial stateements 51 TThe story of TĀwhao, TŪrongo and MĀhinaarrangi 62 3 OUR JOURNEY SO FAR HAUMĀUIUI Raukawa’s true journey began long before HIGHLIGHTS our organisation was formally established in 1987, with the Raukawa descendants who have always fought for acknowledgement of our rightful claims and recognition as Nga Uri o Raukawa. With the birth of our organisational identity came a focused way to set and succeed in • Raukawa Trust our goals, and the highlights of our journey so Board becomes far are illustrated by the achievement of key an Iwi Mandated programmes, events and changes that begin • The Training Unit opened Organisation of the Tu Matauranga Te Ohu Kaimoana the work of empowering uri and forging an Training Unit ever-stronger and more unifi ed tribe. -
Kawerau District Council Newsletter - November 2017
Kawerau District Council newsletter - November 2017 New king of mountain crowned Wet conditions didn’t stop 164 runners taking on Putauaki in the 62nd Kaw- erau King of the Mountain race last month. While the field was packed with champions, the day belonged to former Eastern Bay runner Daniel Jones right), who entered at the last minute after the wed- ding he was due to attend was postponed. Daniel led from the start, but Aussie favourites Mark Bourne and Ben Duffus passed him on the way up. An incredible descent saw Daniel make the most of his running talent and familiar- ity with the mountain to be crowned king in 47:45. Daniel’s win created East- ern Bay history; his father young mountain runners Neil won the race twice in took to the lower foothills. the 1990s, and they’re the Bailey Frederickson and first father-son pair in the Morgan Overington won the region to each claim the prince and princess titles king title. respectively. Local runners Ben, who beat Daniel in took out nine of the top 20 Pomona in July, finished sec- spots. (male and female ond, with Mark hot on his combined in the prince and heels. Kaya Corporaal was princess races). the first junior, making him Congratulations to all a runner to watch in future. finishers. A special mention First-time entrant Nancy goes to 81-year-old Tom Jiang, from the Waikato, Bayliss (right), who compet- won the queen title in ed in his last race. Thanks to 1:01.17, followed by Emme- all the volunteers and safety lie Gulliver and Nic Leary in staff who ensured everyone second and third respective- got home safely, and the ly.