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From Water to Resource: a Case of Stakeholders' Involvement In V Department of Water and Environmental Studies Tema Institute Linköping University From Water to Resource: A Case of Stakeholders’ Involvement in Usangu Catchment Jofta M. Timanywa Master’s programme in Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS ISRN: LIU-TEMAV/MPSSD-A--09/001--SE Linköpings Universitet V Department of Water and Environmental Studies Tema Institute Linköping University From Water to Resource: A Case of Stakeholders’ Involvement in Usangu Catchment Jofta M. Timanywa Master’s programme in Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS Supervisor: Prof. Anders Hjort af Ornäs Examiner: Hans Holmen Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under 25 år från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extraordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/. Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet – or its possible replacement – for a period of 25 years starting from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, or to print out single copies for his/her own use and to use it unchanged for non- commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional upon the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its www home page: http://www.ep.liu.se/. © Jofta M. Timanywa Table of Contents Page Table of Contents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i List of Figures ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii List of Tables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii List of Annexes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii Abstract ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Acronyms and Abbreviations --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 1. INTRODUCTION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.1 Introduction to the Issue ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.1.1 Water Resources in Tanzania -------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.1.2 Water Resources in Usangu Catchment -------------------------------------------------- 4 1.2 Study Limitation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 1.3 Problem Statement and Justification -------------------------------------------------------------- 6 1.4 Hypothesis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.5 General Objective ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 1.6 Research Questions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 2. LITERATURE REVIEW -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.1 Water Resources Management --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.1.1 Centralized Vs Decentralized Water Management in Usangu ------------------------- 8 2.2 Stakeholders’ Involvement in Water Management ---------------------------------------------- 9 2.2.1Who is Stakeholder? ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2.2.2 Stakeholders’ Participation ----------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2.2.3 Stakeholders’ Involvement in Tanzania ------------------------------------------------- 10 2.3 Level of Stakeholders’ Involvement ------------------------------------------------------------- 10 2.3.1 Non Participation --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 2.3.2 Low Participation --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 2.3.3 Active Participation ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 2.4 Benefits of stakeholders’ involvement ----------------------------------------------------------- 12 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14 3.1 Study Area Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 3.1.1 Locality -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 3.1.2 Climate --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 3.1.3 Population ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 3.2 Research Design ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 3.2.1 Primary Data -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 3.2.2 Secondary Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.2.3 Sampling Procedure ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 3.2.4 Data Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 4.1. Respondents’ characteristics ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 4.2. Stakeholders’ Participation Level ---------------------------------------------------------------- 19 i 4.2.1 Stakeholders’ Involvement ---------------------------------------------------------------- 20 4.2.2 Stakeholders’ Experience on Consultations --------------------------------------------- 22 4.2.3 Consideration of Stakeholders’ Opinions in Decision Making ----------------------- 23 4.2.4 Stakeholders’ Experience on Active Involvement. ------------------------------------- 24 4.2.5 Stakeholders’ Involvement in the Discussion for Reallocation of Pastoralists ----- 27 4.2.6 Perception of Respondents on Stakeholders’ Involvement --------------------------- 29 4.3 Stakeholders’ Interaction -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 4.3.1 Interaction within a Stakeholder Category ---------------------------------------------- 30 4.3.2 Interaction between Stakeholder Categories within a sub-catchment --------------- 32 4.3.3 Interaction of Stakeholders Between Sub-catchments --------------------------------- 34 4.4 Challenges for Active Stakeholders’ Involvement --------------------------------------------- 34 4.4.1 Lack of Coordination ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 4.4.2 Size of the Basin ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 4.4.3 Illiteracy and Lack of Awareness --------------------------------------------------------- 35 4.4.4 Lack of Legislation Support --------------------------------------------------------------- 36 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -------------------------------------------- 37 5.1 Conclusions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37 5.2 Recommendations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 REFERENCE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41 APPENDIX --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 List of Figures Figure 1: Irrigated area in Usangu Catchment ------------------------------------------------------- 5 Figure 2: Conceptual framework, Levels of Stakeholders’ Participation ----------------------- 11 Figure 3: Map of Usangu Catchment, Showing Study Villages ---------------------------------- 14 Figure 4: Farmers’ Education Level ----------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Figure 5: Pastoralists’ Education Level --------------------------------------------------------------
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