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National State of the Environment Report for Uganda 2014

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NATIONAL STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REPORT FOR UGANDA 2014 “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” Page 1 Copyright © 2016 NEMA All rights reserved. National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), P.O. Box 22255, Kampala Uganda. http://www.nemaug.org Availability This publication is available in hardcopy from NEMA. A charge may be made according to the pricing policy of NEMA. It can also be downloaded from the NEMA website: http://www.nema.go.ug . Copies are available for reference at the following libraries: NEMA Library, District Environment Offices, District Environment Resource Centres, Public Libraries, Makerere University Library and Kyambogo University Library. Suggested citation NEMA (2016). State of the Environment Report for Uganda 2014. National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Kampala. Design, layout and print production: ………….………………………………………………… Printed by ………………………………………………….. ISBN ............................................. Page 2 “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” MAIN CONTRIBUTORS Sector Authors: Mr. Mike Nsereko, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Mr. Julius Muyizzi, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Mr. Francis Ogwal, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Dr. Jerome Lugumira, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Mr. John Diisi, National Forestry Authority (NFA) Ms. Justine Namara, Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) Mr. Fred Wanyama, Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) Ms. Nakalyango Caroline, Directorate of Water Resources Management (DWRM) Mr. Aventino Bakunda, Department of Fisheries Resources (DFR) Mr. Elias K. Muhumuza, National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFFIRI) Mr. Magezi Akiiki, Uganda National Meteorology Authority (UNMA) Dr. Grace Nangendo, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Mr. Emmanuel Menyha, Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) Ms. Jane Byaruhanga Petroleum Exploration and Production Department (PEPD) Mr. Moses Isabirye, Busitema University Ms. Annunciata Hakuza, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) Mr. David Sebbagala, Department of Geological Surveys and Mines (DGSM) Mr. Emmanuel Kaganzi, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MoLHUD) Ms. Sarah Tumuheirwe, Wetlands Management Department (WMD) Mr. Mununuzi Nathan, Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE) Ms. Anastasia Namululi, Department of Climate Change Ms. Jackline Nyiracyiza, Department of Museums Monuments Ms. Elizabeth Mutayanjulwa, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Ms. Patience Nsereko, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Ms. Eva Mutongole, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Ms. Evelyne Lutalo, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Mr. Richard Waiswa, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Ms. Annette Bukirwa, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Ms. Monique Akullo, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Ms. Christine Kasedde, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Ms. Prossy Khanzira, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Ms. Namwase Margaret, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Technical Coordinator Mr. Phillip Kato, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” Page 3 Page 4 “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” NATIONAL STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REPORT FOR UGANDA 2014 “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” E y N T S N U E R M I N P G L O S V E U S D E TA I N A B L E 2014 “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” Page 5 Page 6 “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” FOREWORD The Ministry of Water and Environment presents the 11th National State of Environment Report (NSOER) for Uganda 2014. The theme for the 11th NSOER is “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development”. This theme builds on the previous theme of the 10th NSOER which addressed “Harnessing the environment for wealth creation”. Both reports emphasize that environment, if well managed, will enhance human wellbeing, and national development, achievement of the middle income status. Development of the NSOER is a statutory mandate of the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). In developing the report, NEMA consults and collaborates with Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Private Sector, Civil Society Organisations and Development Partners who share experiences, data and information. NEMA continues to collect data against the core environmental indicators that were developed during the 10th NSOER process. The continuous updating of indicator data has allowed for trend analysis, easy identification of emerging issues and a discussion on the future outlook. Furthermore, the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Response (DPSIR) framework has been used when examining each of the themes. The report follows a thematic approach relevant to the sector-based management system. The introduction sets the stage and context for the report. Thereafter, a chapter on population, gender and human development emphasizes the people-environment perspective. In addition, the report further synthesises the environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihoods and development. The state of the environment section, describes sectors; Land resources, comprising of Atmospheric resources, Water resources, Energy and mineral resources. It also covers the, (future outlook proposes key messages for policy action. Information contained in this report provides a backbone upon which such sustainability can be achieved. I therefore urge you to utilise the data and information gathered and presented in this NSOER 2014. FOR GOD AND MY COUNTRY Hon. Cheptoris Sam MINISTER OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” Page 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), with pleasure, presents the National State of Environment Report (NSOER) for Uganda 2014. The production of the 11th National State of Environment Report would not have been possible without the contributions of different stakeholders. NEMA acknowledges support from the Government of Uganda and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for facilitating the production of the National State of the Environment Report. Further appreciation is extended to the Environment Information Network (EIN) institutions, local governments, Civil Society Organisations and Non-governmental Institutions for their valuable contributions. I finally would like to thank the staff of NEMA and Ministry of Water and Environment for their tremendous contribution to the completion of the report. It is my hope that this report will be used as a guiding tool in promoting a better environment for the current and future generations. I look forward to fruitful implementation of strategies and policy actions presented in the report and welcome your feedback for future improvements in the NSOER reporting. Dr. Tom O. Okurut EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Page 8 “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 Acknowledgment 6 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Acronyms ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..12 Executive Summary and Key Messages for Policy Action 14 PART 1: BACKGROUND 25 Chapter 1: Country Background 25 1.1 Introduction 25 1.2 Opportunities for Development 27 PART 2: PEOPLE AND SERVICE SECTOR 29 Chapter 2: State of Uganda’s Human Capital 30 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Population Trends in Uganda 30 2.3 Gender and Women Empowerment 34 2.4 Status of Education 37 2.5 Heath Sector and Environment39 Chapter 3: Urbanisation 42 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Urbanisation and Environment 42 3.3 Challenges of Urbanization 43 3.4 Opportunities as a Result of Urbanisation 47 3.5 Recommendations for Sustainable Urban Development 49 Chapter 4: Infrastructure 50 4.1 Introduction 50 4.2 The Transport Sector in Uganda 50 4.3 Electricity Transmission Infrastructure 53 Chapter 5: Tourism and Culture 56 5.1 Introduction 56 5.2 The Tourism Industry 56 5.3 Tourism, Livelihoods and Sustainable Development 57 5.4 Tourism and the Environment 59 5.5 Physical Cultural Resources and the Environment 61 5.6 Threats to Cultural and Archaeological Resources 62 5.7 Recommendations for Management of Cultural and Archaeological Resources 63 “Harnessing our environment as infrastructure for sustainable livelihood & development” Page 9 Chapter 6: Information and Communication Technology 65 6.1 Introduction 65 6.2 Environmental Information Management in Uganda 65 6.3 Usage of Information Communication Technology 66 6.4 Dealing with Big Data 68 6.5 Coverage of Information and Communication Infrastructure 68 6.6 Telecommunications Infrastructure and the Environment 69 6.7 Recommendations for Improved ICT Development 71 PART 3: ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD AND DEVELOPMENT 72 Chapter 7: A Synthesis 73 7.1 Introduction 73 7.2 State and Trends of Environment Resources 74 7.3 Contribution to GDP,
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