2018 Year-End Fcpa Update
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No Room for Debate the National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela
No Room for Debate The National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela July 2019 Composed of 60 eminent judges and lawyers from all regions of the world, the International Commission of Jurists promotes and protects human rights through the Rule of Law, by using its unique legal expertise to develop and strengthen national and international justice systems. Established in 1952 and active on the five continents, the ICJ aims to ensure the progressive development and effective implementation of international human rights and international humanitarian law; secure the realization of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights; safeguard the separation of powers; and guarantee the independence of the judiciary and legal profession. ® No Room for Debate - The National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela © Copyright International Commission of Jurists Published in July 2019 The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) permits free reproduction of extracts from any of its publications provided that due acknowledgment is given and a copy of the publication carrying the extract is sent to its headquarters at the following address: International Commission of Jurists P.O. Box 91 Rue des Bains 33 Geneva Switzerland No Room for Debate The National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela This report was written by Santiago Martínez Neira, consultant to the International Commission of Jurists. Carlos Ayala, Sam Zarifi and Ian Seiderman provided legal and policy review. This report was written in Spanish and translated to English by Leslie Carmichael. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................... -
By Carlos Subero* Edgar G., a Doctor Who Practices In
By Carlos Subero* Edgar G., a doctor who practices in Caracas, decides to pay 2,000 bolívares fuertes (US$930) to a “private agent” (a middleman used in some Latin American countries to handle bureaucracy) because it is the only way he knows to keep his medical practice going. “I am required to process a great quantity of documents and other requirements. I have only two weeks to accomplish all this work, which is not enough time, so I need to hire a middleman to meet these requirements,” he says. “The system is designed in a way that allows corruption to flourish,” he adds. Another example of corruption in Venezuela can be seen in the predicament of a Venezuelan businessman who is under investigation by the National District Attorney’s Office. Police officers from the Corp. of Scientific, Penal and Criminal Investigations (Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas — CICPC) come to the businessman’s house, claiming they are there to search for evidence. Instead, they take the man into a back room, explain to him that he is “in trouble,” and blackmail him into paying them 6,000 bolívares fuertes (US$2,970). The businessman consults with his attorney who recommends that he pay off the officers. Otherwise, the police will plant false evidence that could further damage his case. These two cases serve as examples of the corruption that many Venezuelans face every day. Venezuelan people think that there is much corruption, but that’s not one of their main concerns. A 2006 survey of the Venezuelan Institute of Data Analysis (Instituto Venezolano de Datos— IVAD) says that 72 percent of the population believes there is much corruption in Venezuela. -
Political Corruption in the Caribbean Basin : a Comparative Analysis of Jamaica and Costa Rica Michael W
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 6-28-2000 Political corruption in the Caribbean basin : a comparative analysis of Jamaica and Costa Rica Michael W. Collier Florida International University DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI14060878 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Politics Commons, Latin American History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Collier, Michael W., "Political corruption in the Caribbean basin : a comparative analysis of Jamaica and Costa Rica" (2000). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2408. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2408 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida POLITICAL CORRUPTION IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JAMAICA AND COSTA RICA A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS by Michael Wayne Collier To: Dean Arthur W. Herriott College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Michael Wayne Collier, and entitled Political Corruption in the Caribbean Basin: A Comparative Analysis of Jamaica and Costa Rica, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. Anthony P. -
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BILLINSLEA-2018/10/24 1 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION FINANCIAL TOOLS FOR U.S. POLICY TOWARD NICARAGUA AND VENEZUELA A CONVERSATION WITH TREASURY ASSISTANT SECRETARY MARSHALL BILLINSLEA Washington, D.C. Wednesday, October 24, 2018 Keynote: MARSHALL BILLINGSLEA Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing U.S. Department of the Treasury Discussion: SUZANNE MALONEY Senior Fellow and Deputy Director, Foreign Policy The Brookings Institution TED PICCONE Senior Fellow and Charles W. Robinson Chair The Brookings Institution * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 400 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 BILLINSLEA-2018/10/24 2 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. PICCONE: Good morning, everyone. I’m Ted Piccone. I’m a senior fellow here in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings, and we’re here to talk about financial tools for U.S. policy toward Nicaragua and Venezuela. And I think we’ll go beyond those two countries. We often refer to money as the lifeblood of any enterprises for obvious reasons. One can’t survive without capital. And in a globalized economy in which the dollar is the coin of the realm, the United States Treasury Department has a particularly important role to play in keeping that system healthy and strong. What we want to discuss today is how to drain that lifeblood from corrupt and malicious actors who use our financial system to launder and hide illicit money or use it to bribe others. While this is obviously a question of U.S. economic security, it’s also fundamentally a matter of national security, as in the case of financing for terrorists. -
Corruption and Crisis in Venezuela: Asset Repatriation for Humanitarian Relief
CORRUPTION AND CRISIS IN VENEZUELA: ASSET REPATRIATION FOR HUMANITARIAN RELIEF Policy Options and Considerations A Policy Brief from the Inter-American Dialogue’s Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Program SEPTEMBER 2020 © 2020, Inter-American Dialogue. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution - No Derivatives License. To view this license, visit (www. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0). For re-use or distribution, please include this copyright notice. First Edition. Printed in Washington, DC. Cover photo: UNICEF/2018/Moreno / Flickr / CC BY 2.0 Layout: Catharine Christie / Inter-American Dialogue REPORT | SEPTEMBER 2020 CORRUPTION AND CRISIS IN VENEZUELA: ASSET REPATRIATION FOR HUMANITARIAN RELIEF Policy Options and Considerations A Policy Brief from the Inter-American Dialogue’s Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Program SEPTEMBER 2020 Corruption and Crisis in Venezuela: Asset Repatriation for Humanitarian Relief 3 Foreword The Inter-American Dialogue is pleased to present Corruption and Crisis in Venezuela: Asset Repatriation for Humanitarian Relief. This groundbreaking report is the culmination of over a year of research by the Dialogue’s Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Program. Against the backdrop of the ongoing institutional breakdown and humanitarian emergency in Venezuela, the report analyzes one of the salient features of contemporary Venezuela—industrial scale corruption—and presents detailed proposals for repatriating potentially billions of dollars of stolen assets for the benefit of the Venezuelan people. The policy options and recommendations offered in the report are based on careful legal analysis, comparative case studies, and a detailed grasp of the complexity of the political situation in Venezuela and the intricacies of US policy. -
Corruption and Democratic Backsliding: a Perplexing Relationship
CORRUPTION AND DEMOCRATIC BACKSLIDING: A PERPLEXING RELATIONSHIP By MARIN EXLER Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Political Science CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May, 2020 1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis of Marin Exler candidate for the degree of Master of Arts* Committee Chair Kelly McMann Committee Member Karen Beckwith Committee Member Pete Moore Date of Defense 5/1/2020 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. 2 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 The Phenomenon of Corruption ..................................................................................... 6 The Phenomenon of Democratic Backsliding ................................................................ 9 The Argument and Its Contributions ............................................................................ 11 Methods And Data ........................................................................................................ 14 Comparative Analysis ................................................................................................... 18 Brazil ....................................................................................................................... -
Enter Hugo Chávez
november 27, 2006 ● no. 2 Corruption, Mismanagement, and Abuse of Power in Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela by Gustavo Coronel Executive Summary orruption has existed in Venezuela since at least financial institutions, whose operations are also opaque, C 1821, when it gained independence. In the 19th and that spend funds at the discretion of the executive. 20th centuries, the level of corruption fluctuated, Corruption now permeates all levels of Venezuelan society. depending on the government in power. During the govern- Bureaucrats now rarely follow existing bidding regulations, and ment of President Hugo Chávez, however, corruption has ordinary citizens must pay bribes to accomplish bureaucratic exploded to unprecedented levels. Billions of dollars are being transactions and have to suffer rampant neglect of basic gov- stolen or are otherwise unaccounted for, squandering ernment services. All this has been encouraged by a general envi- Venezuelan resources and enriching high-level officials and ronment of impunity: officers implicated in major corruption their cronies. scandals have sometimes been removed from their posts, but The windfall of oil revenues has encouraged the rise in they have not otherwise been held legally accountable. corruption. In the approximately eight years Chávez has The dramatic rise in corruption under Chávez is ironic been in power, his government has received between $175 since he came to power largely on an anti-corruption cam- billion and $225 billion from oil and new debt. Along with paign platform. To truly fight corruption, the government the increase in revenues has come a simultaneous reduc- needs to increase the transparency of its institutions and tion in transparency. -
The United States Should End Its Economic Sanctions Against Venezuela
January 2020 Advanced Public Forum Brief 2 Resolved: The United States should end its economic sanctions against Venezuela. This topic brief was written by Jesse Meyer. Jesse is a diamond coach, recipient of the Donald Crabtree Service Award, the state of Iowa’s 2015 Coach of the Year, member of the TOC’s PF advisory board, and board member of the Iowa Forensics League. He is currently an assistant coach at Iowa City West High School. He can be reached at [email protected]. National Speech & Debate Association • Public Forum Debate: JANUARY 2020 ADVANCED BRIEF January 2020 Advanced Public Forum Brief 3 Table of Contents Contents Advanced PF Brief January 2020 ................................................................................................................... 1 Resolved: The United States should end its economic sanctions against Venezuela. .................................. 2 Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Framework and Definitions ................................................................................................................... 9 Civilians .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Sample Evidence ................................................................................................................................. -
Socio-Economic Crisis in Venezuela
2. semester project – SIB - RUC Emil Rosenvold Hvidt, Linus Johan Boesen, Oscar Alejandro Ponce Tavera & William Mayersahm Group: S2127156177 Date: 25-05-2021 Socio-economic crisis in Venezuela Picture Credits: REUTERS/Carlos Group number: S2127156177 House: SIB Semester: 2nd semester, Spring 2021 Students: Boesen, Linus Johan Hvidt, Emil Rosenvold Meyersahm, William Tavera, Oscar Alejandro Ponce Supervisor: Linda Pedersen No. of characters: 105908 1 2. semester project – SIB - RUC Emil Rosenvold Hvidt, Linus Johan Boesen, Oscar Alejandro Ponce Tavera & William Mayersahm Group: S2127156177 Date: 25-05-2021 Abstract This research paper investigates the state of Venezuela during a socioeconomic crisis. The initial part of the project outlines the project design and structure. Secondly it describes the historical context that has led to the crisis and guides the readers' understanding of the causes for the crisis. The second part examines how theories by Conflict theory by Karl Marx and Social Stratification by Max Weber can be utilized to deepen the understanding of the crisis. In the third part of the research paper, we present our methodology throughout the paper and state its relevance for our project. Further we will reflect on the results from our data analysis where we have interviewed four Venezuelans in relation to the crisis to help extend our knowledge on the subject. We will be discussing the social classes in Venezuela because of the Bolivarian revolution and conclude that all crises are related to class conflict, and that the -
Read the Full Survey
Jones Day Table of Contents GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................................................................................... iii Africa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Kenya ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Mozambique ........................................................................................................................................... 9 South Africa .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Asia Pacific .......................................................................................................................................................... 17 Australia ................................................................................................................................................ 17 China ..................................................................................................................................................... 21 Hong Kong ............................................................................................................................................ 26 India ..................................................................................................................................................... -
Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations
Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations (name redacted) Specialist in Latin American Affairs (name redacted) Specialist in International Trade and Finance March 9, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44841 Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Venezuela is in the midst of a political crisis under the authoritarian rule of President Nicolás Maduro of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). Narrowly elected to a six-year term in 2013 following the death of populist President Hugo Chávez (1999-2013), Maduro is deeply unpopular. Nevertheless, he has used the courts, security forces, and electoral council to repress and divide the opposition, grouped in the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) coalition. From March through July 2017, protesters called for President Maduro to release political prisoners, respect the MUD-led National Assembly, and schedule elections. Security forces quashed protests, with more than 130 killed and thousands injured. Maduro then orchestrated the controversial July 2017 election of a National Constituent Assembly (ANC) to rewrite the constitution. President Maduro has consolidated power over a divided opposition. The PSUV dominated gubernatorial and municipal elections held in 2017, although fraud likely occurred in both contests. In January 2018, the ANC called for presidential elections to be moved up from late 2018 (when they are customarily held) to April and barred many parties from participating. Most MUD parties are boycotting those elections, but Henri Falcón of the Progressive Advance (AP) party broke with the coalition to run against Maduro. After negotiations, the election was moved to May 20, 2018. Venezuela also is experiencing a serious economic crisis, marked by rapid contraction of the economy, hyperinflation, and severe shortages of food and medicine. -
Institutional Corruption and International Migration: Three Case Studies
Institutional Corruption and International Migration: Three Case Studies Julia Flynn Searby Professor Dr. Sarah Bermeo, Faculty Advisor Honors Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Graduation with Distinction in Political Science in the Trinity College of Arts & Sciences at Duke University. Duke University Durham, North Carolina 2020 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 Abstract 4 Chapter I: Theory 5 Chapter II: Data and Measurement 15 Chapter III: Results 19 Chapter IV: Case Studies 25 Chapter V: Conclusion and Policy Implications 42 Appendix 45 2 Acknowledgements I wish to thank all of the people whose assistance proved monumental towards the success of this academic project. I first want to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Sarah Bermeo of the Sanford School for Public Policy for her invaluable feedback in planning my research model, her encouragement to take a multi-method approach for the problem of corruption and emigration and for her immense knowledge of global governance and international development. Second, I wish to thank John Little and Yuhan Zheng of Duke’s Center for Data and Visualization Services for their guidance with my quantitative research and incredible patience during countless hours of R- Studio. Finally, I want to thank Elliot Mamet, Duke University Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science, for his consistent support in completing this project and his belief in my ability to do so. I thank you all for your sharing your wisdom, experience and time. 3 Abstract The number of international migrants is currently growing faster than the world’s population.1 The role of emigration in home-country development, the remittance economy of migrant workers and the relevance of forced migration in armed conflicts represent a few of the many reasons to examine the current international migration crisis and its impact on the global order.