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† Ellobium Pyramidale (Sowerby, 1822) Leucophytia Bidentata

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† Ellobium Pyramidale (Sowerby, 1822) Leucophytia Bidentata HOOFDSTUK 10 gaStrOPODA: OORSlaKKen - ellObiiDae FAMILIE ELLOBIIDAE – OORSLAKKEN blazen. Mondopening smal ovaal, ongeveer 60% van de to- De muizenoortjes kunnen niet gemakkelijk met andere slak- tale schelphoogte innemend, aan de palatale zijde iets toe- ken worden verward. Ze horen tot een groep van slakken geknepen en aan de bovenzijde uitlopend in een vrij scherpe die al heel lang in hun evolutionaire geschiedenis in kustge- hoek. Mondrand aan de binnenzijde iets verdikt, niet con- bieden voorkomen. Ze worden wel eens over het hoofd ge- tinu, aan de columellaire zijde overgaand in een callus. Co- zien als het gaat om landslakken en ook niet altijd behan- lumella met twee duidelijke plooien, die in de mondopening deld als waterslakken. als tanden zichtbaar zijn. De columella is massief en wordt door de callus bedekt. Niet bij alle exemplaren bedekt de Slakken met een ei- tot spoelvormige schelp, waarin het dier callus de hele columella. Hierdoor ontstaat een ‘pseudo- zich helemaal kan terugtrekken. De binnenste schelpdelen, navel’ (pseudumbilicus). Aan de basis van de schelp loopt inclusief het bovenste deel van de columella, worden vaak een zwak verheven richel rond de (plaats van de) pseudo- geresorbeerd. De mondopening van de schelp bezit plooien, navel. die als tanden zichtbaar zijn. Het dier heeft twee wrattige De sculptuur bestaat uit onregelmatige, tamelijk fijne groei- tentakels. Er is een kleine ademopening aan het achterste lijnen en smalle spiraalgroefjes die door brede tussenruimten deel van de mantelrand. De meeste soorten leven min of gescheiden worden. Er worden ongeveer 20 van deze groef- meer amfibisch, vooral tussen zee en land. Zie verder ook jes op de laatste winding geteld. Aan de bovenkant van de De Frias Martins (1996) en Harbeck (1996). winding, direct onder de sutuur, loopt een richel. Ook over In Nederland komen er van deze familie twee subfamilies, de periferie kan een dergelijke richel lopen; dit geeft de twee genera, drie recente en een fossiele soort voor. De twee schelp in dat geval een licht gekield uiterlijk. Halverwege soorten van het verwante genus Carychium (familie Cary- beide richels kan er nog een derde aanwezig zijn. chiidae) hebben zich zodanig aan het leven op het land aan- Van de oudere windingen is het inwendige volledig opge- gepast, dat ze gewoonlijk bij de landslakken worden gere- lost; dit is aan de buitenkant echter niet zichtbaar. kend (GITTENBERGER ET AL. 1984). Ze zijn hier niet opgeno- Afmetingen: hoogte tot 18 mm, breedte tot 11 mm. men. Recente verspreiding TABEL TOT DE SOORTEN Uitgestorven. 1 Mondopening van de schelp met meer dan 3 tanden aan beide (palatale en columellair-pariëtale) zijden van de Fossiel voorkomen mondopening ...................... Ovatella denticulata, blz. 115 Laat-Plioceen tot en met Laat-Tiglien. In boringen in het – Mondopening met twee of drie tanden aan de columel- ZO van het land wordt de soort zelden aangetroffen in de lair-pariëtale zijde van de mondopening en nog minder Forma tie van Oosterhout (laat-pliocene mariene afzetting). tot geen tanden aan de palatale kant ............................. 2 Waarnemingen uit het Vroeg-Pleistoceen (Tiglien) zijn schaars. Bekend uit boringen Brielle en Brielle-Zuurland 2 Schelp groter dan 15 mm, met spiraalsculptuur (alleen (Midden- en Laat-Tiglien). Ook bekend uit aanspoelsel van fossiel bekend) ....................Ellobium pyramidale, blz. 113 fossiel materiaal van het strand van Ritthem (Walcheren) – Schelp kleiner dan 15 mm, zonder spiraalsculptuur........3 (VAN REGTEREN ALTENA ET AL. 1964). 3 Schelp tot 7 mm hoog, laatste omgang boven de periferie Opmerking afgevlakt, mondopening met twee tanden aan de colu- Ellobium pyramidale wordt vaak aangetroffen in wadassoci a- mellair-pariëtale zijde; verse schelp wit of geelachtig wit . ties waarin veel land- en zoetwatermollusken zijn inge- Leucophytia bidentata, blz. 113 spoeld. – Schelp tot 10 mm hoog, laatste winding matig bol, mond- © Figuur 200 opening gewoonlijk met drie tanden (minder vaak twee) aan de columellair-pariëtale zijde en één tand aan de pala- Leucophytia bidentata (Montagu, 1808) tale kant; verse schelp geelachtig bruin, vaak iets paars- Wit muizenoortje achtig ...................................... Ovatella myosotis, blz. 114 Synoniemen Leuconia bidentata; Ovatella bidentata; Auriculinella (Leu- © Figuur 199 † Ellobium pyramidale (Sowerby, 1822) cophytia) erosa (Jeffreys, 1830). Zie opmerking. Synoniemen Schelp Auricula pyramidalis; Conovulus pyramidalis; Melampus pyra- De stevige schelp is spoelvormig en bijna tweemaal zo hoog midalis. als breed; top vrij scherp. Tot 8 windingen; laatste winding I van de totale hoogte innemend, boven de periferie afge- Schelp vlakt. Mondopening smal ovaal, bovenaan duidelijk toege- Plomp spoelvormig, ongeveer 1,7x zo hoog als breed. Top spitst, ongeveer de helft tot twee derde van de totale schelp- spits, vrij scherp. De volwassen schelp heeft ca. 7H lang- hoogte innemend. Mondrand stevig, aan de binnenzijde zaam in grootte toenemende windingen, iets bol en geschei- verdikt, niet continu, maar aan de columellaire zijde met den door een ondiepe maar duidelijke sutuur. Laatste win- een dunne witte callus. Columella met twee duidelijke ding ongeveer I van de totale hoogte innemend, iets opge- plooien, die in de mondopening als tanden zichtbaar zijn. Velde, van der et al. 2004. In: Nederlandse Fauna 2: 113-116 113 DE neDerlanDSE ZOetWatermOllUSKen Figuur 199-202 199 Ellobiidae 201 202 199 †Ellobium pyramidale, 200 Laat-Plioceen, Formatie van Oosterhout, 4x 200 Leucophytia bidentata, recent, 12x 201 Ovatella myosotis, recent, 8x 202 Ovatella denticulata, recent, 8x Navel overdekt door de callus. Schelp glanzend, ondoor- huisjes zien er vers uit. De geschikte biotoop is er zeker aan- schijnend. Sculptuur bestaande uit fijne groeilijnen, met wezig. De soort is er tot op heden echter niet levend aange- soms een oude mondrand. Kleur wit of iets geelachtig, of troffen. roze, zelden bruinig. Deze soort kan gemakkelijk verwisseld worden met Ovatella myosotis, die vaak in dezelfde biotoop Areaal voorkomt. De schelpen zijn echter vrij eenvoudig te onder- Van Groot-Brittannië tot in de Middellandse Zee; in scheiden door de kleur en doordat de schelp bij O. myosotis Noord- Amerika en Nieuw Zeeland ingevoerd (A DAM 1960). bij gelijke grootte minder slank is. Afmetingen: hoogte tot 7,0 mm, breedte tot bijna 3,5 mm. Fossiel voorkomen Slechts van een boring uit het Holoceen bekend (Melisker- Dier ke, Zeeuwsch-Vlaanderen). Dier wit. Voet aan de voorkant afgeknot, met een dwars- naad op N deel van de voet, wanneer het dier kruipt. Tenta- Opmerking kels kort, aan de basis bolvormig verdikt, zonder knop ach- De naam Voluta bidentata Montagu, 1808, de oorspronke- tige uitsteeksels. lijke combinatie, is gepreoccupeerd door Voluta bidentata Zie De Frias Martins (1996) voor nadere gegevens over de Schroeter, 1804. Binnenkort zal echter een verzoek aan de anatomie, vooral ook van de genitalia. nomenclatuurcommissie worden gericht om deze algemeen gebruikte naam toch te kunnen blijven gebruiken. Voedsel ∂ Figuur 201 L. bidentata voedt zich met detritus. De soort wordt dan ook dikwijls aangetroffen in zogenaamde spoelhoeken, waar Ovatella (Myosotella) myosotis zich aanspoelsel ophoopt. Door het regenwater wordt de (Draparnaud, 1801) verse detritus naar de bodem getransporteerd en daar dan Gewoon muizenoortje geconsumeerd ( DEN HARTOG 1962). Synoniemen Biotopen Alexia myosotis; Phytia myosotis. Onder stenen op schorren of aan de voet van dijken, in het bovenste deel van de getijdezone, net boven de hoogwater- Schelp lijn. In een zout milieu (27-31‰), op stevige, meestal zan- Schelp vrij stevig, spoelvormig, tweemaal zo hoog als breed; dige bodem, soms tot 10 à 20 cm diep weggekropen ( DEN top scherp. Tot 8 vrij vlakke tot iets bolle windingen, ge- HARTOG 1962). Niet op gemakkelijk uitdrogende plaatsen. scheiden door een duidelijke maar ondiepe sutuur; laatste omgang I van de totale hoogte innemend, matig bol. Recente verspreiding fig 203 Mondopening smal ovaal, bovenaan duidelijk toegespitst, In 1960 voor het eerst levend aangetroffen te Wolphaarts- ongeveer de helft van de totale schelphoogte innemend. dijk in Zeeland. Vrijwel uitsluitend bekend uit Zeeland. Mondrand stevig, aan de binnenzijde verdikt, niet continu; Lege schelpen (niet aangegeven op het verspreidingskaartje!) aan de columellaire zijde met een dunne witte callus. Colu- zijn o.a. bij Scheveningen, Den Helder en Texel gevonden, mella met twee duidelijke plooien die in de mondopening en op Terschelling (VIS S ER 1968B, DE BOER & DE BRUYNE 1991). De als tanden zichtbaar zijn en waarboven zich nog een tand laatste waarnemingen maken het waarschijnlijk dat L. bi- kan bevinden. Er is een opstaande lijst in de wand van de dentata ook in het Waddengebied leeft, want de gevonden mondopening die zich aan de palatale zijde duidelijk als een Velde, van der et al. 2004. In: Nederlandse Fauna 2: 113-116 114 HOOFDSTUK 10 gaStrOPODA: OORSlaKKen - ellObiiDae tand voordoet. Navel overdekt door de callus, soms als nau- lokaal begrensd voorkomt ( DEN HARTOG 1959). Soms wordt O. we spleet zichtbaar. Schelp ondoorzichtig, glanzend, met myosotis binnendijks aangetroffen. Spaink (1966) vond de fijne streepjes bestaande uit groeilijnen, met soms een oude slakken ook in holle, rotte palen langs de kust. O. myosotis is mondrand. Schelp steeds met lengterijen van fijne groefjes opmerkelijk tolerant wat zout betreft en kan leven van zoet aan de bovenste windingen. Kleur geelachtig lichtbruin
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