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Great and Little Chesterford Neighbourhood Plan: Historic Environment

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Great and Little Chesterford Neighbourhood Plan: Historic Environment GREAT AND LITTLE CHESTERFORD NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN: HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT 1 Name Signed Date Author Maria Medlycott 5/7/2016 Checker Richard Havis 5/7/2016 Approver Adrian Gascoyne 11/07/2016 For further information Please contact: Adrian Gascoyne Historic & Built Environment Manager Place Services Essex County Council County Hall Chelmsford Essex CM11QH www.placeservices.co.uk [email protected] 07557 167892 Copyright This report may contain material that is non-Place Services copyright (e.g. Ordnance Survey, British Geological Survey, English Heritage), or the intellectual property of third parties, which Place Services is able to provide for limited reproduction under the terms of our own copyright licences or permissions, but for which copyright itself is not transferable by Place Services. Users of this report remain bound by the conditions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with regard to multiple copying and electronic dissemination of the report. Disclaimer The material contained in this report was designed as an integral part of a report to an individual client and was prepared solely for the benefit of that client. The material contained in this report does not necessarily stand on its own and is not intended to nor should it be relied upon by a third party. To the fullest extent permitted by law Place Services will not be liable by reason of breach of contract, negligence, or otherwise for any loss or damage (whether direct, indirect or consequential) occasioned to any person acting or omitting to act or refraining from acting in reliance upon the material contained in the report. Loss or damage as referred to above shall be deemed to include, but is not limited to, any loss of profits or anticipated loss of profits damage to reputation or goodwill, loss of business, or anticipated loss of business, damages, costs, expense incurred or payable to any third party (in all cases whether direct, indirect or consequential) or any other direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage. Frontispiece: Reconstruction of Great Chesterford in the late 4th century AD © Peter Froste 2 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 6 2. HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT OVERVIEW – GREAT CHESTERFORD ............... 7 2.1 LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................................. 7 2.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PARISH .............................................................. 7 2.2.1 Prehistory ............................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Iron Age and Roman periods .................................................................. 7 2.2.3 Saxon period .......................................................................................... 9 2.2.4 Medieval ............................................................................................... 10 2.2.5 Post-medieval period ............................................................................ 12 2.2.6 Modern period ...................................................................................... 12 3. HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT OVERVIEW – LITTLE CHESTERFORD ............. 13 3.1 LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................... 13 3.2 BRIEF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF THE PARISH ....................... 13 3.2.1 Prehistory ............................................................................................. 13 3.2.2 Iron Age and Roman periods ................................................................ 13 3.2.3 Saxon period ........................................................................................ 13 3.2.4 Medieval period .................................................................................... 13 3.2.5 Post-medieval period ............................................................................ 15 3.2.6 Modern ................................................................................................. 15 4. ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................. 16 4.1 IDENTIFYING THE HERITAGE ASSETS AFFECTED AND THEIR SETTING .............................................................................................................. 16 4.1.1 Statutory and non-statutory Designations ............................................. 16 4.1.2 Heritage assets to be assessed ............................................................ 16 4.2 ASSESSING SIGNIFICANCE AND SETTING ............................................ 19 4.3 ROMAN FORT, ROMAN TOWN, ROMAN AND ANGLO-SAXON CEMETERIES AT GREAT CHESTERFORD (Scheduled Monument 24871) ...... 19 4.3.1 Evidential Value .................................................................................... 20 4.3.2 Historical Value ..................................................................................... 20 4.3.3 Aesthetic Value ..................................................................................... 21 4.3.4 Communal Value .................................................................................. 21 4.4 ROMANO-CELTIC TEMPLE 400M SOUTH OF DELL’S FARM, GREAT CHESTERFORD (Scheduled Monument SM29399) ............................................ 21 4.4.1 Evidential Value .................................................................................... 21 4.4.2 Historical Value ..................................................................................... 22 3 4.4.3 Aesthetic Value ..................................................................................... 22 4.4.4 Communal Value .................................................................................. 22 4.5 GREAT CHESTERFORD CONSERVATION AREA ................................... 23 4.5.1 Evidential Value .................................................................................... 23 4.5.2 Historical Value ..................................................................................... 23 4.5.3 Aesthetic Value ..................................................................................... 24 4.5.4 Communal Value .................................................................................. 24 4.6 CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS, GREAT CHESTERFORD, (Listed Grade I, LB1171461) .......................................................................................................... 25 4.6.1 Evidential Value .................................................................................... 25 4.6.2 Historical Value ..................................................................................... 25 4.6.3 Aesthetic Value ..................................................................................... 25 4.6.4 Communal Value .................................................................................. 25 4.7 THE CHURCH AND HALL COMPLEX AT LITTLE CHESTERFORD (comprises The Manor, Listed Grade I, LB1231793; the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Listed Grade II*,LB 1277390; the Dovecote to the north of The Manor, Listed Grade II, LB 1231794 ................................................................................. 26 4.7.1 Evidential Value .................................................................................... 26 4.7.2 Historical Value ..................................................................................... 26 4.7.3 Aesthetic Value ..................................................................................... 27 4.7.4 Communal Value .................................................................................. 27 4.8 MOATED SITE, FISHPOND AND ENCLOSURE AT BORDEAUX FARMS, LITTLEBURY (Scheduled Monument 20690) ....................................................... 27 4.8.1 Evidential Value .................................................................................... 27 4.8.2 Historical Value ..................................................................................... 27 4.8.3 Aesthetic Value ..................................................................................... 28 4.8.4 Communal Value .................................................................................. 28 4.9 MOATED SITE IN PADDOCK WOOD 560M NORTH-EAST OF CHESTERFORD PARK, SAFFRON WALDEN (Scheduled Monument 20688) ... 28 4.9.1 Evidential Value .................................................................................... 28 4.9.2 Historical Value ..................................................................................... 29 4.9.3 Aesthetic Value ..................................................................................... 29 4.9.4 Communal Value .................................................................................. 29 5. ASSESSING TO WHAT DEGREE THEIR SETTINGS MAKE A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HERITAGE ............................ 29 5.1 THE ASSET’S PHYSICAL SURROUNDINGS ............................................ 30 4 5.1.1 Topography .......................................................................................... 30 5.1.2 Other heritage assets (including buildings, structures, landscapes, areas or archaeological remains) ................................................................................ 30 5.1.3 Land use, greenspace, trees and vegetation ........................................ 32 5.1.4 Functional relationships and communications ...................................... 32 5.1.5 Integrity ................................................................................................
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