North Uttlesford Garden Community
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North Uttlesford Garden Community Archaeology Interim update to Desk Based Assessment Prepared by Oxford Archaeology North Uttlesford Garden Community Interim update to Archaeological Desk‐based Assessment December 2017 Grosvenor Britain & Ireland Issue No: Draft OA©Oxford Reference Archaeology No: NUTFDBALtd 4 December 2017 NGR: TL 52003 44981 North Uttlesford Garden Community Draft Client Name: Grosvenor Britain & Ireland Document Title: North Uttlesford Garden Community Document Type: Interim update to Archaeological Desk‐based Assessment Grid Reference: TL 52003 44981 Planning Reference: Site Code: Invoice Code: NUTFDB OA Document File Location: X:\e\Essex, North Uttlesford Garden Village\002Reports\DBA Addendum for Review OA Graphics File Location: X:\e\Essex, North Uttlesford Garden Village\002Reports\DBA Addendum for Review Issue No: Draft Date: December 2017 Prepared by: Charlotte Malone Checked by: Ianto Wain Edited by: Ianto Wain Approved for Issue by: Ianto Wain Signature: …………………………………………………………….. Disclaimer: This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person/party by whom it was commissioned. OA South OA East OA North Janus House 15 Trafalgar Way Mill 3 Osney Mead Bar Hill Moor Lane Mills Oxford Cambridge Moor Lane OX2 0ES CB23 8SG Lancaster LA1 1QD t. +44 (0)1865 263 800 t. +44 (0)1223 850 500 t. +44 (0)1524 880 250 e. [email protected] w. oxfordarchaeology.com Oxford Archaeology is a registered Charity: No. 285627 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd 4 December 2017 North Uttlesford Garden Community Draft North Uttlesford Garden Community Interim update to Archaeological Desk‐based Assessment Contents Summary ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 3 2 LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY .............................................................. 3 3 SOURCES CONSULTED ............................................................................................. 4 4 WALKOVER SURVEY ................................................................................................ 4 5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BASELINE .................................................................................. 5 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 5.2 Designated heritage assets .............................................................................................................................. 5 5.3 Undesignated heritage assets .......................................................................................................................... 8 5.4 Previous impacts .............................................................................................................................................. 9 6 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL ................................................................................ 9 7 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ............................................................................................. 10 7.1 Proposed development ................................................................................................................................. 10 7.2 Designated heritage assets ............................................................................................................................ 11 7.3 Non‐ designated heritage assets ................................................................................................................... 13 8 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK ........................... 14 9 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 14 APPENDIX A UPDATED GAZETTEER OF KNOWN HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................. 17 APPENDIX B BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIST OF SOURCES CONSULTED ................................ 63 APPENDIX C PLACE SERVICES COMMENTS .................................................................. 64 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd iv 4 December 2017 North Uttlesford Garden Community Draft List of Figures Fig.1 Site location map Fig. 2 Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic heritage assets Fig.3 Bronze Age heritage assets Fig.4 Iron Age heritage assets Fig.5 Roman heritage assets Fig.5.1 Roman heritage assets (inset map) Fig.6 Early medieval and medieval heritage assets Fig.6.1 Early medieval and medieval heritage assets (inset map) Fig.7 Post medieval heritage assets Fig.7.1 Post medieval heritage assets (inset map) Fig.8 Modern heritage assets Fig.9 Undated/Unknown heritage assets Fig.10 Listed buildings and registered parks and gardens Fig.11 Scheduled monuments Fig.12 Cropmark Plan List of Plates Plate 1 View looking east across the site towards the scheduled Roman Temple Complex (OA 7) Plate 2 View looking south from the scheduled Roman Temple Complex (OA 7) towards Great Chesterford Plate 3 View looking south across the site towards the scheduled Roman Fort, Town and Roman and nAnglo‐Saxo cemeteries (OA 6) Plate 4 Close up of the view looking south across the site towards the scheduled Roman Fort, Town and Roman and Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries (OA 6) Plate 5 View looking south‐east across the site towards the scheduled Roman Temple Complex (OA 7) Plate 6 View from Great Chesterford looking towards the site Plate 7 View looking across the scheduled Roman Fort, Town and Roman and Anglo‐ Saxon cemeteries (OA 6) north‐east towards the site Plate 8 Farm building associated with Park Farmhouse (OA 173) Plate 9 Park Farmhouse (OA 173) looking south Plate 10 Park Farmhouse (OA 172) looking east ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd v 4 December 2017 North Uttlesford Garden Community Draft Interim Summary Oxford Archaeology (OA) were commissioned by Grosvenor Britain & Ireland to produce an update to the archaeological desk‐based assessment prepared for the North Uttlesford Garden Community, Essex (henceforth known as ‘the site’) in 2016. The site is centred on NGR 552003 244981 and falls within the administrative district of Essex County Council. This report should be read with reference to the 2016 desk‐ based assessment. The original desk‐based assessment demonstrated that the site had a significant archaeological potential due to the high levels of known archaeology within the search area. Since the original assessment archaeological investigations have been carried out in the area of the proposed Uttlesford Crematorium. These investigations recorded evidence of Bronze Age, Roman and early‐medieval activity including the remains of an Anglo Saxon cemetery site. The presence of an Anglo Saxon cemetery within the site highlighted a previously unidentified potential for early medieval remains within the site. The proposed development is considered to have the potential to impact upon the setting of the Grade II listed Park Farmhouse, the scheduled Roman Temple and the Scheduled Roman Fort, Town and Roman and Anglo Saxon cemeteries at Great Chesterford. Impacts upon the setting of these designated heritage assets could be reduced in the master planning stage of the development by careful, considered and appropriate design. The introduction of information boards at the temple complex would increase public understanding of the scheduled monuments and may help to offset some of the potential adverse impacts arising from the proposed development. Archaeological remains within the site would be directly impacted by ground works associated with the proposed development. Accordingly, a programme of archaeological evaluation would be required to investigate the nature, extent and significance of any archaeological remains present. Such works would likely take the form of predetermination evaluation (comprising of geophysical survey followed by intrusive trial trenching) and would be used to inform a suitable archaeological mitigation strategy. Decisions on the extent, scope, nature and timings of any archaeological work would need to be undertaken in consultation with, and accordance to, Historic England (as the site contains a scheduled monument (the Roman Temple Complex) and to the local authority archaeology advisor at Essex County Council ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd 1 4 December 2017 North Uttlesford Garden Community Draft 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.1 In 2016 Oxford Archaeology (OA) were commissioned to undertake a desk‐based archaeological assessment for the proposed site of the North Uttlesford Garden Community in Essex, henceforth known as ‘the site’. This report was issued in May 2016. In October 2017