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Zhang Dai's Biographical Portraits
Mortal Ancestors, Immortal Images: Zhang Dai’s Biographical Portraits Duncan M. Campbell, Australian National University Nobody looking at paintings and who sees a picture of the Three Sovereigns and the Five Emperors fails to be moved to respect and veneration, or, on the other hand, to sadness and regret when seeing pictures of the last rulers of the Three Dynasties. Looking at traitorous ministers or rebel leaders sets one’s teeth grinding whereas, on sight of men of integrity or of great wisdom, one forgets to eat, on sight of loyal ministers dying for their cause one is moved to defend one’s own integrity … From this consideration does one understand that it is illustrations and paintings that serve to hold up a mirror to our past in order to provide warnings for our future course of action. (觀畫者見三皇五帝莫不仰戴見三季異主莫不悲惋見篡臣賊嗣莫不切齒見高節 妙士莫不忘食見忠臣死難莫不抗節…是知存乎鑒戒者圖畫也) Cao Zhi 曹植 (192–232), quoted in Zhang Yanyuan 張彥遠 (9th Century), Lidai minghua ji 歷代名畫記 [A Record of Famous Paintings Down Through the Ages] In keeping with the name it took for itself (ming 明, brilliant, luminous, illustrious), the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) was a moment of extraordinary development in the visual cultures of the traditional Chinese world (Clunas 1997; 2007).1 On the one hand, this period of Chinese history saw internal developments in various aspects of preexisting visual culture; on the other, through developments in xylography and commercial publishing in particular, but also through the commoditization of the objects of culture generally, the period also saw a rapid increase in the dissemination and circulation of 1 Clunas writes: ‘The visual is central in Ming life; this is true whether it is the moral lecturer Feng Congwu (1556–?1627) using in his impassioned discourses a chart showing a fork in the road, one path leading to good and one path to evil, or in the importance in elite life of dreams as “visions,” one might say as “visual culture,” since they made visible, to the dreamer at least, cultural assumptions about fame and success’ (2007: 13). -
Foucault's Subjectivity and Confucian Cultivation Wei Guan Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 10-27-2017 Education as a Moral Responsibility: Foucault's Subjectivity and Confucian Cultivation Wei Guan Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons Recommended Citation Guan, Wei, "Education as a Moral Responsibility: Foucault's Subjectivity and Confucian Cultivation" (2017). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 4121. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4121 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. EDUCATION AS A MORAL RESPONSIBILITY: FOUCAULT’S SUBJECTIVITY AND CONFUCIAN CULTIVATION A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Educational Theory, Policy & Practice by Wei Guan B.S., Northwestern Architecture Engineering Institution, Xi’an, China, 1996 M.A., The University of Iowa, 2005 December 2017 To Awen !ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The first person I want to thank is my advisor, Dr. Petra Munro Hendry. She supported me from the beginning, when I started my Ph.D. in the Curriculum Theory program at Louisiana State University. Recognized for her significant lifetime achievements in Washington DC at the AERA Conference in 2016, Dr. Hendry is revered as an impactful leader in curriculum studies. -
The Analects of Confucius
The analecTs of confucius An Online Teaching Translation 2015 (Version 2.21) R. Eno © 2003, 2012, 2015 Robert Eno This online translation is made freely available for use in not for profit educational settings and for personal use. For other purposes, apart from fair use, copyright is not waived. Open access to this translation is provided, without charge, at http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23420 Also available as open access translations of the Four Books Mencius: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23421 Mencius: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23423 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23422 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23424 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION i MAPS x BOOK I 1 BOOK II 5 BOOK III 9 BOOK IV 14 BOOK V 18 BOOK VI 24 BOOK VII 30 BOOK VIII 36 BOOK IX 40 BOOK X 46 BOOK XI 52 BOOK XII 59 BOOK XIII 66 BOOK XIV 73 BOOK XV 82 BOOK XVI 89 BOOK XVII 94 BOOK XVIII 100 BOOK XIX 104 BOOK XX 109 Appendix 1: Major Disciples 112 Appendix 2: Glossary 116 Appendix 3: Analysis of Book VIII 122 Appendix 4: Manuscript Evidence 131 About the title page The title page illustration reproduces a leaf from a medieval hand copy of the Analects, dated 890 CE, recovered from an archaeological dig at Dunhuang, in the Western desert regions of China. The manuscript has been determined to be a school boy’s hand copy, complete with errors, and it reproduces not only the text (which appears in large characters), but also an early commentary (small, double-column characters). -
Tao Yuanming's Perspectives on Life As Reflected in His Poems on History
Journal of chinese humanities 6 (2020) 235–258 brill.com/joch Tao Yuanming’s Perspectives on Life as Reflected in His Poems on History Zhang Yue 張月 Associate Professor of Department of Chinese Language and Literature, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China [email protected] Abstract Studies on Tao Yuanming have often focused on his personality, reclusive life, and pas- toral poetry. However, Tao’s extant oeuvre includes a large number of poems on history. This article aims to complement current scholarship by exploring his viewpoints on life through a close reading of his poems on history. His poems on history are a key to Tao’s perspectives with regard to the factors that decide a successful political career, the best way to cope with difficulties and frustrations, and the situations in which literati should withdraw from public life. Examining his positions reveals the connec- tions between these different aspects. These poems express Tao’s perspectives on life, as informed by his historical predecessors and philosophical beliefs, and as developed through his own life experience and efforts at poetic composition. Keywords Tao Yuanming – poems on history – perspectives on life Tao Yuanming 陶淵明 [ca. 365–427], a native of Xunyang 潯陽 (contem- porary Jiujiang 九江, Jiangxi), is one of the best-known and most-studied Chinese poets from before the Tang [618–907]. His extant corpus, comprising 125 poems and 12 prose works, is one of the few complete collections to survive from early medieval China, largely thanks to Xiao Tong 蕭統 [501–531], a prince of the Liang dynasty [502–557], who collected Tao’s works, wrote a preface, and © ZHANG YUE, 2021 | doi:10.1163/23521341-12340102 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0Downloaded license. -
The Neolithic Ofsouthern China-Origin, Development, and Dispersal
The Neolithic ofSouthern China-Origin, Development, and Dispersal ZHANG CHI AND HSIAO-CHUN HUNG INTRODUCTION SANDWICHED BETWEEN THE YELLOW RIVER and Mainland Southeast Asia, southern China1 lies centrally within eastern Asia. This geographical area can be divided into three geomorphological terrains: the middle and lower Yangtze allu vial plain, the Lingnan (southern Nanling Mountains)-Fujian region,2 and the Yungui Plateau3 (Fig. 1). During the past 30 years, abundant archaeological dis coveries have stimulated a rethinking of the role ofsouthern China in the prehis tory of China and Southeast Asia. This article aims to outline briefly the Neolithic cultural developments in the middle and lower Yangtze alluvial plain, to discuss cultural influences over adjacent regions and, most importantly, to examine the issue of southward population dispersal during this time period. First, we give an overview of some significant prehistoric discoveries in south ern China. With the discovery of Hemudu in the mid-1970s as the divide, the history of archaeology in this region can be divided into two phases. The first phase (c. 1920s-1970s) involved extensive discovery, when archaeologists un earthed Pleistocene human remains at Yuanmou, Ziyang, Liujiang, Maba, and Changyang, and Palaeolithic industries in many caves. The major Neolithic cul tures, including Daxi, Qujialing, Shijiahe, Majiabang, Songze, Liangzhu, and Beiyinyangying in the middle and lower Yangtze, and several shell midden sites in Lingnan, were also discovered in this phase. During the systematic research phase (1970s to the present), ongoing major ex cavation at many sites contributed significantly to our understanding of prehis toric southern China. Additional early human remains at Wushan, Jianshi, Yun xian, Nanjing, and Hexian were recovered together with Palaeolithic assemblages from Yuanmou, the Baise basin, Jianshi Longgu cave, Hanzhong, the Li and Yuan valleys, Dadong and Jigongshan. -
The “Good” and “The Good Life”: Confucius and Christ
Journal of chinese humanities 1 (���5) 213-230 brill.com/joch The “Good” and “The Good Life”: Confucius and Christ David Lyle Jeffrey Abstract The Golden Rule is the ethical point most frequently compared in Jesus and Confucius;1 in each case, what is recommended is preconsideration of one’s own actions toward other people in the light of an imaginative projection of how it would be if the roles were reversed. The formulations in both look substantively identical.2 Yet the positive formulation of Jesus and the negative formulation of Confucius actually shape the sub- stance and import of the precept in distinctive ways. Moreover, there may be a deeper level at which, while they are certainly not contradictory, these two formulations are expressions of an important register of ontological difference. Engaged thoughtfully, they nonetheless afford to ethical modeling an opportunity for “harmony in diversity,” complementarity rather than mere equivalence. I argue here that the two traditions can be mutually enhancing, each through knowledge of and sympathy for the other. Keywords agape – Analects – Beatitudes – eudaimonia – Golden Rule – harmony in diversity – reciprocity – ren * David Lyle Jeffrey is the Distinguished Professor of Literature and the Humanities, Institute for Studies of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; and guest professor at the Faculty of Foreign Language and Literature, Peking University, Beijing, China; e-mail: david_jeffrey@ baylor.edu. 1 Luke 6:31; Matthew 7:12. cf. Arthur Waley, trans., Sacred Writings: Confucianism, The Analects of Confucius (New York: Harper Collins, 1992), 5.11, 15.23. 2 Analects, 12.2; Luke 6:31. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���5 | doi 10.1163/23521341-010100Downloaded11 from Brill.com09/27/2021 11:59:59PM via free access 214 Jeffrey Confucius has famously claimed that when he was seventy years old, so great was his attunement to “the will and decrees of Heaven” that he could follow his heart’s desires “without overstepping the lines of rectitude.”3 At almost his age, I have considerably less confidence. -
Lun Yu - Lun Gi
論 (论) 語 (语) LUN YU - LUN GI Sabda Suci Bratayana Ongkowijaya, SE, XDS 2012 l ù n y ǔ l ù n y ǔ 論 語 (论 语) - (LUN GI) SABDA SUCI Bagian A xué xué é r JILID I. 學 (学) 而 - (HAK JI - BELAJAR) z ǐ yuē xué xué é r shí shí x í x í zhī bú y ì yue yue hū 子 曰 : 學 ( 学 ) 而 時 (时) 習 (习) 之 ,不 亦 說 ( 说 ) 乎 ? 1. Nabi bersabda, “belajar dan selalu dilatih, tidakkah itu menyenangkan?” yǒu péng z ì yuǎn yuǎn fāng lái lái bú y ì l è l è hū 有 朋 自 遠 ( 远 ) 方 來 (来) ,不 亦 樂 (乐) 乎 ? “Kawan-kawan datang dari tempat jauh, tidakkah itu membahagiakan?” rén bù zhī é r bú yùn bú y ì jūn z ǐ hū 人 不 知 ,而 不 愠 ,不 亦 君 子 乎 ? “Sekalipun orang tidak mau tahu, tidak menyesali; bukankah ini sikap seorang Jun Zi - Kun Cu ?” yǒu z ǐ yuē q í wéi wéi rén yě xiào d ì 有 子 曰 :其 為 (为) 人 也 孝 弟 , é r hǎo fàn shàng zhě xiǎn xiān y ǐ 而 好 犯 上 者 , 鮮 ( 鲜 ) 矣 ; bù hǎo fàn shàng é r hǎo zuò luàn luàn zhě wèi zhī yǒu yě 不 好 犯 上 ,而 好 作 亂 ( 乱 ) 者 ,未 之 有 也 。 2. You Zi - Yu Cu berkata, “Seseorang yang dapat berlaku Bakti dan Rendah hati, tetapi suka menentang atasan, sungguh jarang terjadi; tidak suka menentang atasan, tetapi suka mengacau, ini belum pernah terjadi.” jūn z ǐ wù wù běn běn l ì é r dào shēng 君 子 務 (务) 本 , 本 立 而 道 生 。 xiào d ì yě zhě q í wéi wéi rén zhī běn yǔ yǔ 孝 弟 也 者 ,其 為 (为) 仁 之 本 與 (与) ? “Maka seorang Jun Zi - Kun Cu mengutamakan pokok; sebab, setelah pokok itu tegak, Jalan Suci akan tumbuh. -
Seek and You Will Find It; Let Go and You Will Lose It: Exploring a Confucian Approach to Human Dignity Peimin Ni Grand Valley State University
Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Funded Articles Open Access Publishing Support Fund 5-7-2014 Seek and You Will Find It; Let Go and You Will Lose It: Exploring a Confucian Approach to Human Dignity Peimin Ni Grand Valley State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/oapsf_articles Part of the Philosophy Commons ScholarWorks Citation Ni, Peimin, "Seek and You Will Find It; Let Go and You Will Lose It: Exploring a Confucian Approach to Human Dignity" (2014). Funded Articles. 19. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/oapsf_articles/19 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Publishing Support Fund at ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Funded Articles by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dao (2014) 13:173–198 DOI 10.1007/s11712-014-9381-2 Seek and You Will Find It; Let Go and You Will Lose It: Exploring a Confucian Approach to Human Dignity Peimin NI Published online: 7 May 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract While the concept of Menschenwürde (universal human dignity) has served as the foundation for human rights, it is absent in the Confucian tradition. However, this does not mean that Confucianism has no resources for a broadly construed notion of human dignity. Beginning with two underlying dilemmas in the notion of Menschenwürde and explaining how Confucianism is able to avoid them, this essay articulates numerous unique features of a Confucian account of human dignity, and shows that the Confucian account goes beyond the limitations of Menschenwürde.Itis arguably richer and more sophisticated in content, and more constructive for protecting and cultivating human dignity. -
The Hundred Surnames: a Pinyin Index
names collated:Chinese personal names and 100 surnames.qxd 29/09/2006 12:59 Page 3 The hundred surnames: a Pinyin index Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Ai Ai Ai Zidong Cong Ts’ung Zong Cong Zhen Ai Ai Ai Songgu Cui Ts’ui Cui Jian, Cui Yanhui An An An Lushan Da Ta Da Zhongguang Ao Ao Ao Taosun, Ao Jigong Dai Tai Dai De, Dai Zhen Ba Pa Ba Su Dang Tang Dang Jin, Dang Huaiying Bai Pai Bai Juyi, Bai Yunqian Deng Teng Tang, Deng Xiaoping, Bai Pai Bai Qian, Bai Ziting Thien Deng Shiru Baili Paili Baili Song Di Ti Di Xi Ban Pan Ban Gu, Ban Chao Diao Tiao Diao Baoming, Bao Pao Bao Zheng, Bao Shichen Diao Daigao Bao Pao Bao Jingyan, Bao Zhao Ding Ting Ding Yunpeng, Ding Qian Bao Pao Bao Xian Diwu Tiwu Diwu Tai, Diwu Juren Bei Pei Bei Yiyuan, Bei Qiong Dong Tung Dong Lianghui Ben Pen Ben Sheng Dong Tung Dong Zhongshu, Bi Pi Bi Sheng, Bi Ruan, Bi Zhu Dong Jianhua Bian Pien Bian Hua, Bian Wenyu Dongfang Tungfang Dongfang Shuo Bian Pien Bian Gong Dongguo Tungkuo Dongguo Yannian Bie Pieh Bie Zhijie Dongmen Tungmen Dongmen Guifu Bing Ping Bing Yu, Bing Yuan Dou Tou Dou Tao Bo Po Bo Lin Dou Tou Dou Wei, Dou Mo, Bo Po Bo Yu, Bo Shaozhi Dou Xian Bu Pu Bu Tianzhang, Bu Shang Du Tu Du Shi, Du Fu, Du Mu Bu Pu Bu Liang Du Tu Du Yu Cai Ts’ai Chai, Cai Lun, Cai Wenji, Cai Ze Du Tu Du Xia Chua, Du Tu Du Qiong Choy Duan Tuan Duan Yucai Cang Ts’ang Cang Xie Duangan Tuankan Duangan Tong Cao Ts’ao Tso, Tow Cao Cao, Cao Xueqin, Duanmu Tuanmu Duanmu Guohu Cao Kun E O E -
論語淺釋(續) the Analects of Confucius (Continued) 宣化上人講 楊維光、劉年聰 英譯 Lectures by the Venerable Master Hua English Translation by Yong Wei Kwong and Liew Yen Chong
法語法雨 DHARMA TALK DHARMA RAIN 論語淺釋(續) The Analects of Confucius (continued) 宣化上人講 楊維光、劉年聰 英譯 Lectures by the Venerable Master Hua English translation by Yong Wei Kwong and Liew Yen Chong 【公冶長第五】 Chapter 5: Gongye Chang (九)子謂子貢曰:「女與回也孰愈?」 (9) Speaking to Zigong, the Master asked, “Comparing yourself with 對曰:「賜也何敢望回!回也聞一以知 Hui, who do you think is better?” He replied, “How would I, Ci, dare 十,賜也聞一以知二。」子曰:「弗如 to compare myself with Hui? When Hui listens to one principle, he can 也,吾與女弗如也!」 deduce ten other principles; but when I listen to one principle, I can only infer two others.” The Master said, “Not his equal indeed. I agree you cannot match up to him!” 【上人講解】 今天大家講得都不錯,不過孔子和子貢 【Venerable Master’s Commentary】 的問答需要補充說明一下。 Today, everyone has explained the text quite well but the dialogue between 「子謂子貢曰」:孔子大約也想宣示一 Confucius and Zigong requires further clarification. 下顏回的聰明,平時他常常讚顏回,恐怕 Speaking to Zigong, the Master asked. Confucius probably wanted 端木賜他不佩服,所以孔子開門見山、直 Yan Hui’s intelligence to be made known publicly. He often praised Yan Hui 「 女 與 回 也 孰 愈 」: 截 了 當 地 就 問 子 貢 說, 你 at ordinary times but was concerned about Duanmu Ci’s apparent lack of 和顏回,你們兩個人比較上來,哪一個你覺得 admiration for the former. Therefore, he took a straightforward approach and 是最好的?大約子貢平時以為自己會做生 asked Zigong bluntly: “Comparing yourself with Hui, who do you think is 意,做生意的人都是有一點頭腦的,所以 better?” How do you compare with Yan Hui? Between the two of you, who do 超過顏回。那麼這樣子,孔子知道他有這 you think is the best? As business people are known to be quite brainy, Zigong 個妄想,就問他:你和顏回兩個人比較, probably thought that he surpassed Yan Hui by virtue of his business acumen. -
On the Realistic Significance of Confucius' Fair Educational Concept
Mar. 2006, Volume 3, No.3 (Serial No.16) US-China Education Review, ISSN1548-6613,USA On the Realistic Significance of Confucius’ Fair Educational Concept Hongbin Wang* Hong Ma** Dalian University Abstract: Confucius has been eminent throughout histories in terms of his profound educational concepts. In this paper the author attempts to investigate the contributions Confucius had made in promoting the popularization of education at that time. The ultimate goal of this paper is to demonstrate the realistic significance of Confucius’s educational concept, namely, “education should be done without the difference between the rich and the poor, or the noble and the mean”. Key words: Confucius; educational concept; fair education; realistic significance 1. Introduction Confucius was the earliest as well as one of the most influential educators and thinkers in education history. It was 82 years later after the birth of Confucius that Socrates (469BC-399 BC), the earliest philosopher and educator in ancient Greek, was born. Confucius’ educational concepts and ideas, personality, education activities as well as his philosophy not only have made great effects on Chinese intellectuals and educators, but have made tremendous influence on the whole world, in particular some South East Asian countries, such as Japan, Korea, Viet Nam. To no small extent, Confucianism has already become one of the most important culture heritages in the world. Confucianism, particularly Confucius’ educational concepts, have been so influentially affecting the Orient and the whole world since ancient times, it is not only invaluable culture legacy of China, but the whole world’s, therefore it has become a must to pass on and develop the ideas of Confucius, which is a national mission by generations and a necessity for survival and development of the whole humankind. -
In the Government's Service: a Study of the Role and Practice of Early China's Officials Based on Caex Vated Manuscripts
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 In the Government's Service: A Study of the Role and Practice of Early China's Officials Based on caEx vated Manuscripts Daniel Sungbin Sou University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Sou, Daniel Sungbin, "In the Government's Service: A Study of the Role and Practice of Early China's Officials Based on caEx vated Manuscripts" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 804. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/804 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/804 For more information, please contact [email protected]. In the Government's Service: A Study of the Role and Practice of Early China's Officials Based on caEx vated Manuscripts Abstract The aim of this dissertation is to examine the practices of local officials serving in the Chu and Qin centralized governments during the late Warring States period, with particular interest in relevant excavated texts. The recent discoveries of Warring States slips have provided scholars with new information about how local offices operated and functioned as a crucial organ of the centralized state. Among the many excavated texts, I mainly focus on those found in Baoshan, Shuihudi, Fangmatan, Liye, and the one held by the Yuelu Academy. Much attention is given to the function of districts and their officials in the Chu and Qin vgo ernments as they supervised and operated as a base unit: deciding judicial matters, managing governmental materials and products, and controlling the population, who were the source of military and labor service.