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General Management Plan 1980 Volume 2

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General Management Plan 1980 Volume 2 general management plan volume 2 natural / cultural resource management september 1980 . ---·-- -- --- -------,---·--·-----···--- - - -· ·_~_ •·.• .. -•,·· ''( ... ::: ' .. _:.;~~!5'~ ' ' ,,' / .... - ., .:._ :_::.~.":_~~:~_~;~ I i...r.. / f·i' 1: CHANN L I ' -'rt~:;! '·'.l\tJACAPA'.'SANTAJl!i~,;~~,- NATIONAL PARK / CALIFORNIA RECOMMENDED: Kenneth Raithel, Assistant Manager August 1980 Denver Service Center William Ehorn, Superintendent August 1980 Channel Islands Natfonal Park APPROVED: Howard H. Chapman, Regional Director September 1980 Western Region GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ANACAPA-SANTA BARBARA-SAN MIGUEL ISLANDS CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK i _J _.... --- ABSTRACT The resource management plan for Channel Islands National Park discusses cultural and natural resources and deals primarily with currently identified problems as well as proposed solutions for the three islands currently managed by the National Park Service. Initial sections provi•de background information regarding the park and influences on its resources and discuss the role of research within the park. Separate sections deal with each resource type. Specific resource problems that require management action are identified, and actions are recommended to either obtain additional information or to solve the identified problem. Impacts likely· to result from the recommended actions are noted. Few alternatives are discussed for an identified problem because few alternatives were identified as feasible. Further study is required before actions with the potential for significant impacts can be undertaken. High priority projects include tnose involving legal mandates or moral responsibilities, such as projects dealing with proposed or protected biota under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and projects influencing nonrenewable cultural resources. Numerous actions are proposed; but those of major importance include: Continued study to gather information regarding endangered species Eradication or control of exotic black rats on Anacapa Island Continued study of the impacts of eradicating feral rabbits on Santa Barbara Island, leading directly toward an elimination or control program Removal and trial eradication of exotic plant species Initiation and continuation of monitoring of marine birds and mammals that utilize the 'islands, in order to recognize changes in the health or status of the population Initiation of cooperative studies with the state of California to monitor intertidal marine resources around park islands Monitoring of erosion Monitoring of impacts resulting from human use of the islands Monitoring of air and water quality of the islands Preservation of archeological and historical sites on the islands and development of a plan to care for human remains and artifacts eroding from such sites Following the individual resource sections, actions and their impacts are summarized, with an emphasis on impacts on endangered species. Agencies with· which consultation and coordination have been conducted are identified, and their relationships to the National Park Service are discussed. Finally, for some proposed actions, a project statement has been prepared. On these short forms, basic information (problem description, past work, proposal description, logistical considerations, funding needs) is summarized. These project statements are the basic tools by which natural science projects in the National Park Service are ranked by priority. The project statements, assembled in a separate management program document, are available for review at park headquarters in Ventura, California, or at the National Park Service Western Region Office in San Francisco, California. ii CONTENTS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION / 3 OBJECTIVES / 7 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT / 9 OTHER AGENCY ACTIVITIES / 9 RESEARCH INTRODUCTION / 15 STIPULATIONS / 15 IMPACTS / 19 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN AND ITS IMPACTS Plan Organization / 23 The Resources / 25 VEGETATION / 26 Description / 26 Anacapa Island / 26 San Miguel Island / - 26 Santa Barbara Island / 27 Exotic Plants / 35 Special Status Species / 35 Objectives / 36 Guidelines for Management / 37 Actions / 41 Exotic Plants / 41 Exotic Herbivores . / • 42 Special Status Species / 42 Transects / 43 Community Mapping and Species Lists / 43 Impacts / 43 LAND SNAILS / 45 Description· / 45 Objectives / 45 Guidelines for Management / 45 Actions / 47 Impacts / 48 INSECTS AND RELATED INVERTEBRATES / 49 Description / 49 Actions / 49 iii ISLAND NIGHT LIZARDS / 49 Description / 49 Objectives / 50 Guidelines for Management / 50 Actions / 50 Impacts / 51 OTHER REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS / 51 Description / 51 Actions / 51 ENDANGERED RAPTORS / 52 Description / 52 Objectives / 53 Actions / 53 Impacts / 53 OTHER LAND BIRDS / 54 Description / 54 Objectives / 56 Actions / 56 ISLAND FOXES / 57 Description / 57 Objectives / 57 Guidelines for Management / 57 Actions / 57 BLACK RATS / 58 Description / 58 Objectives / 58 Actions / 59 Impacts / 61 RABBITS / 62 Description / 62 Objectives / 64 Actions / 64 Impacts / 64 OTHER LAND MAMMALS / 66 Description / 66 Guidelines for Management / 66 Actions / 66 PINNIPEDS / 67 Description / 67 Species Accounts / 68 California Sea Lion / 68 Northern (Steller) Sea Lion / 68 Northern Fur Seal / 78 Guadalupe Fur Seal / 78 Northern Elephant Seal / 79 Harbor Seal / 79 Island Accounts / 80 San Miguel Island / 80 Santa Barbara Island / 80 Anacapa Island / 81 iv Objectives / 81 Guidelines for Management / 82 Actions / 84 Immediate Staff Actions / 84 Resource Monitoring and Problem-Specific Projects (NPS) / 86 Impacts / 90 SEA OTTERS / 91 Description (of the Potential Resource) / 91 Distribution / ·91 Management Problems / 92 (Potential) Habitat / 93 Objectives / 93 Actions / 93 MARINE BIRDS / 94 Description / 94 Distribution and Seasonality / 104 Species Accounts / 104 Storm-Petrels / 104 California Brown Pelicans / 105 Cormorants / 106 Black. Oystercatchers / 107 Snowy Plovers / 108 Western Gulls / 108 Alcids / 109 Habitat / 110 San Miguel Island / 110 Santa Barbara Island / 111 Anacapa Island / 111 Objectives / 112 Guidelines For Management / 113 Actions / 115 Immediate Actions / 115 Anacapa Island / 115 San Miguel Island / 116 Santa Barbara Island / 116 Research Actions / 116 Impacts / 119 SUBTIDAL AND INTERTIDAL MARINE RESOURCES / 120 Description / 120 Habitat . / 121 Anacapa Island / 121 San. Miguel Island / 122 Santa Barbara Island / 122 Special Management Consideration and Zones / 123 Objectives / 123 Actions / 124 Impacts / 125 V GEOLOGY AND SOI LS / 125 Description / 125 Objectives / 127 Guidelines For Management / 127 Actions / 127 Impacts / 127 PALEONTOLOGY / 128 Description / 128 Objectives / 128 Guidelines For Management / 128 Actions / 129 Impacts / 129 WATER / 130 Description / 130 Water Uses / 132 Water Management Problems / 132 Objectives / 133 Guidelines For Management / 133 Actions / 133 I mp acts / 134 AIR QUALITY / 134 Description / 134 Objectives / 136 Actions / 136 Impacts / 137 WEATHER REPORTING FACILITIES / 137 Description / 137 Anacapa Island / 138 San Miguel Island / 138 Santa Barbara Island / 139 Objectives / 139 Actions / 139 I mp acts / 139 CULTURAL RESOURCES / 140. Description / 140 Objectives / 140 General / 140 Specific / 141 Guidelines For Management / 142 Historic Structures / 142 Archeology / 142 Actions / 143 Historic Structures / 143 Anacapa Island / 143 San Miguel Island / 143 Santa Barbara Island / 143 Archeology / 144 Anacapa Island / 144 San Miguel Island / 144 Santa Barbara Island / 145 vi z ::> 0 a: (!) u~ <( co THE VARIED RESOURCES OF THE CHANNEL ISLANDS :---· --~:.-.:~--,- Native Americans / 145 Miscellaneous Actions / 146 Collections / 146 Library / 146 Impacts / 146 Summary of Actions and Impacts / 149 VEGETATION / 151 WILDLIFE / 152 PHYSICAL RESOURCES / 153 ENDANGERED SPEC I ES / 154 CULTURAL RESOURCES / 157 CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION BIOSPHERE RESERVE PROGRAM / 161 BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT / 162 CALIFORNIA COASTAL COMMISSION / 162 CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME / 162 CALIFORNIOA OFFICE OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION / 163 CALIFORNIA STATE LANDS COMMISSION / 163 CALIFORNIA WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD / 163 U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE / 164 NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE / 164 NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION / 164 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE / 165 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD / 165 UNITED STATES NAVY / 165 APPENDIXES A. FORMS AND CORRESPONDENCE SENT TO POTENTIAL RESEARCHERS / 169 B. THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPE.CIES OCCURRING WITHIN CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK / 175 C. STATE ECOLOGICAL RESERVE REGULATIONS / 177 D. AIR QUALITY STANDARDS / 185 E. SUMMARY LIST OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCE PROJECTS / 187 F. PROPOSED MARINE SANCTUARY MAP / 193 G. COMPLIANCE CORRESPONDENCE / 195 vii BIBLIOGRAPHY / 205 PLANNING TEAM/CONSULTANTS / 210 TABLES 1. Special Status Plant Species / 39 2. Land Snails of Channel Islands National Park / 46 3. Land Bird Species Known to Have Nested in Channel Islands National Park / 55 4. Summary of Season-by-Season Activities of Pinnipeds in the Southern California Bight / 74 5. Locations in the Southern California Bight of Special Importance to Pinnipeds / 77 6. Nesting Season of Marine Birds Breeding on the Islands and Offshore Rocks of Channel Islands National Park / 95 7. Maximum Number of Seabird Pairs Estimated to Breed on Channel Islands National Park 1975-1976 / 96 MAPS PARK/REGION / ·5 GENERALIZED VEGETATION MAPS Anacapa Island / 29 San Miguel Island / 31 Santa Barbara Island / 33 PINNIPED HAULING/BREEDING GROUNDS Anacapa Island / 69 San Miguel
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