Peacebuilding in Colombia
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OCTOBER 2007 Inside 3 New Institute Board Members Sworn In 4 USIP’s Iraq Grants: Different Paths Toward Same Goal Vol. XIII, No. 3 5 New USIP Guide Bridges Gap Between UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE ■ WASHINGTON, D.C. ■ www.usip.org Military and Aid Workers 6 USIP Hosts Second College and University Peacebuilding in Colombia Faculty Seminar 7 Second Annual s part of a continuing Community College effort, USIP recently Faculty and held a conflict Administrators resolution work- Seminar Meets at Institute shop, rooted in 8 Interview with an innovative Mohammed M. approach, for Hafez 10 Somalia: A participants from the greater Cúcuta New Cycle of area of northeastern Colombia. Conflict Senior Program Officers Jonathan 11 Examining Sources Morgenstein and Nina Sughrue con- of Terror tinued USIP’s partnership with the Financing Colombian NGO Corporación Es- cuela Galán (CEG) and CEG staff Astrid Yepes and Tania Figueroa in undertaking the event. In recent years, the region has been at the cen- ter of a volatile blend of oil pipelines, paramilitary activity, and the traffick- A recent protest over toll booths near Cúcuta, at Colombia’s border with ing of both illicit fuel and cocaine. Venezuela. This and other conflicts were discussed at the recent USIP seminar. The participants included leaders (AP Photo/La Opinion, Edgar Cusguen) from local government, education, police/military, civil society, unions, calized topics. It is “useful to develop broker an end to El Salvador’s civil business, and religious groups. amicable relationships of trust before war in the early 1990s. Based on this USIP and CEG established a you jump into contentious, divisive reading, the participants discussed unique program that focused first issues,” he noted. general lessons learned about produc- on identifying broader issues in In an example of how the group tive—and unproductive—paths to conflict resolution and subsequently concentrated on more abstract ending violent conflict, with an em- pinpointing specific local areas of themes before looking at specific phasis on the role of third parties. contention. The main idea behind conflicts, the group discussed the Bearing in mind this framework, the program, according to Morgen- article “Ending Violent Conflict in the participants were divided stein, was to establish links of trust El Salvador” by Alvaro de Soto (in into several groups to look at and harmony between the parties the USIP publication Herding Cats). specific localized conflicts. One on more abstract issues in order to The piece deals with how the Orga- group explored the Colombian facilitate subsequent discussion of lo- nization of American States helped government’s establishment of tolls on routes from Venezeula, an action that has provoked confrontation “It is useful to develop amicable relationships of trust before you between cross-border trade interests, smugglers, and traffic drivers. A jump into contentious, divisive issues.”—Jonathan Morgenstein See Colombia, page 2 2 the situation. The last looked into being in their home town on a daily Colombia how various religious denominations basis. At night, the group took part continued from page 1 contend, at times in destructive ways, in games that were designed to build second looked into the Colombian to provide humanitarian and other teamwork and the group dynamic. “It government’s imposition of assistance to vulnerable populations. was a really fun group. They wanted new higher-education standards A key feature of the program was to continue the activities,” said —without input from teachers, to temporarily relocate the partici- Sughrue. administrators, or students. Another pants, for two days, to a hotel setting According to Sughrue, two of the examined the phenomenon of in Chinácota, a local village 40 kilo- lasting benefits of the workshop were squatters encroaching on a pre- meters from Cúcuta. Such a setting the networks that were formed and existing community, which became facilitated discussion of the issues at the “multiplier effect”—participants outnumbered. Both parties have hand, and participants were more in the seminar would eventually struggled over leadership and how easily able to focus on the sessions become trainers able to impart the outside assistance can best alleviate rather than on the distractions of See Colombia, page 12 Left: USIP Senior Program Officers Nina Sughrue (top, fourth from left), Jonathan Morgenstein (bottom right) and conflict resolution training workshop participants in Cúcuta, Colombia. Center: Sughrue, Morgenstein, and Astrid Yepes, from Escuela Galán, review seminar activity. Right: Sughrue and seminar participants. Peace Watch (ISSN 1080-9864) is published five times a year by the United States Institute of Peace, an independent, nonpartisan national institution established and funded by Congress to help prevent, manage, and resolve international conflicts. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect views of the Institute or its Board of Directors. To receive Peace Watch, visit our web site (www.usip.org); write to the United States Institute of Peace, 1200 17th Street NW, Left and Center: Sughrue and Morgenstein facilitate workshops. Right: Workshop participants. Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036-3011; call 202-429-3832; or fax 202-429-6063. A complete archive of Peace Watch is available at www.usip.org/peacewatch. President: Richard H. Solomon Executive Vice President: Patricia Thomson Director of Public Affairs and Communications: Ian Larsen Director of Publications: Valerie Norville Writer/Editor: Peter C. Lyon Production Manager: Marie Marr Jackson Production Coordinator: Katharine Moore Photo Credits: Staff, AP/ Wide World Photos, Mohammed M. Hafez Board of Directors Chairman: J. Robinson West. Vice Chairman: María Otero. Members: Holly J. Burkhalter, Anne H. Cahn, Chester A. Crocker, Laurie S. Fulton, Charles Horner, Kathleen Martinez, George E. Moose, Jeremy A. Rabkin, Ron Silver, Left: Program participants in “night activities.” Right: Sughrue and Colombian participants enjoy a Judy Van Rest. Members ex officio: Robert M. Gates, light moment. Department of Defense; Condoleezza Rice, Department of State; Richard H. Solomon, Institute president (nonvoting); Frances C. Wilson, National Defense University. 3 New Institute Board Members Sworn In Left to Right: Justice O’Connor swears in new board members Martinez, Silver, Rabkin, Cahn, Van Rest, and Moose. SIP is pleased to senator and lieutenant governor. Center to increase employment announce the Short biographies of the incoming opportunities for Latinos with Uconfirmation of six new members are listed below. disabilities in the U.S. It is funded members of its board of directors, Anne H. Cahn is a former by the Rehabilitation Services who were sworn in on September scholar in residence at American Administration and Access to 20, 2007. Former Associate University. Holder of a doctorate Assets, an asset-building project Supreme Court Justice Sandra in political science from MIT, to help reduce poverty among Day O’Connor presided over the she has served as chief of the people with disabilities. At WID, ceremony. O’Connor is not the Social Impact Staff at the Arms she also headed up the team that sole Supreme Court member to Control and Disarmament Agency produced the acclaimed webzine have sworn in board members; (1977–81), special assistant to DisabilityWorld in English and Stephen Breyer, Warren Burger, the deputy assistant secretary of Spanish. and Antonin Scalia have done so defense (1980–81), and president George E. Moose is a since USIP’s inception. and executive director of the former career member of the The Institute’s bipartisan board Committee for National Security U.S. Foreign Service, where is nominated by the president (1982–88). Her latest book, he attained the rank of career of the U.S. and confirmed by Killing Detente: The Right Attacks ambassador. His service with the the U.S. Senate. Individuals the CIA, was published by Penn U.S. State Department included appointed to serve on the board State University Press in 1998. assignments in Asia, Africa, the may serve no more than two four- Kathleen Martinez has been Caribbean, and Europe. He held year terms. Many distinguished the executive director of the appointments as U.S. Ambassador Americans from across the World Institute on Disability to the Republic of Benin country have served on the board (WID), based in Oakland, (1983–86) and to the Republic since the Institute’s founding. California, since September of Senegal (1988–91). From The six new members are 2005. Blind since birth, Kathleen 1991 to 1992, he served as U.S. filling three vacant posts, plus is an internationally recognized alternate representative in the the expiring seats of Betty F. disability rights leader specializing United Nations Security Council. Bumpers, founder and president in employment, asset building, In 1993, he was appointed of Peace Links (Washington, independent living, international assistant secretary of state for D.C.); Mora McLean, president development, diversity, and gender African Affairs, a position he of the Africa-America Institute issues. Currently, Kathleen occupied until 1997. From 1998 (New York); and Barbara W. oversees Proyecto Visión, WID’s to 2001, he was U.S. permanent Snelling, former Vermont state National Technical Assistance See New Board, page 12 4 USIP’s Iraq Grants: Different Paths toward Same Goal become essential reading for the distinguished graduates previously university community. left