Journeys@Home Volcanoes: Ice and Fire

Parinacota Looking Due North across Lago Chungara—5 Days at 15,400’, 2015

Tony Foster went to Chile on the advice of renowned volcanologist, Sir Stephen Sparks, to paint a beautiful volcano for his Exploring Beauty Journey. Tony told Sir Sparks that he had painted this particular volcano before. To that Sir Sparks replied, “not from the Chilean side.” Tony could not argue. He painted Parinacota from its Bolivian side in 1997 for his Ice and Fire Journey.

Volcanoes are known to be subjects of destruction and creation. When one thinks of a volcano, one may recall lava, magma, and eruptions. These giants of the earth loom large above their landscapes. Some are so high that they are Cerro Parinacota SW from a Ridge below Cerro Pomerape, 1997 covered with snow all year round!

The Foster | 940 Commercial St., Palo Alto, CA 94303 | www.thefoster.org Activity: Citrus Volcanoes Try your very own citrus volcano. We used a lemon, but you can try different citrus fruits to see the reactions they can make. How do you think limes, oranges, grapefruits, or tangerines would react?

The Tools You’ll Need: ◆ Citrus Fruit ◆ Dish to Contain the Citrus Volcano ◆ Baking Soda ◆ Food Coloring ◆ Extra Citrus Fruit Juice ◆ Spoon ◆ Small Cup for Baking Soda (We used a recycled apple sauce cup!)

STEP 1: Cut off the base STEP 2: Put the fruit in STEP 3: Drop the food STEP 4: Pour a generous of your fruit to make a flat the dish. Use a craft stick coloring onto the citrus amount of baking soda on spot on the bottom. Then to poke holes in your fruit. fruit. Add extra citrus fruit top of the fruit and poke cut your fruit in half. juice to the fruit. with a craft stick.

A Few Volcano Facts

There are three types of volcanic classifications:active , dormant, and extinct. These classifications refer to the activity of the volcano.

Active—An active volcano has regular activity. These activities may include signs of smoke, eruptions, and earthquakes.

Dormant—A dormant volcano has erupted in recent history, but remains quiet now.

Extinct—An extinct volcano has not had an eruption for a very long time, so long that it is unlikely to ever erupt again.

The Foster | 940 Commercial St., Palo Alto, CA 94303 | www.thefoster.org Two Main Types of Volcanoes

SHIELD VOLCANO A cone-shaped volcano with steep slopes is called a shield volcano. Parinacota in Chile is an example of a shield volcano. Tony Foster painted Parinacota as part of two Journeys: Exploring Beauty and Ice and Fire. Parinacota volcano at Parque Nacional Lauca, Chile. October 2015. Photo by Mattias Lanas. COMPOSITE VOLCANO A wide-shaped volcano with gentle slopes is called a composite volcano. Kilauea in Hawaii is an example of a composite volcano. Tony Foster painted Kilauea as part of his Ice and Fire Journey. The rim of Kilauea, Hawaii, taken from the Volcano Observatory helicopter, October 2, 1997. Activity: Lava Slime Gather a few ingredients to make your own lava slime!

The Tools You’ll Need:

◆ Elmers Glue ◆ Water ◆ Liquid Starch ◆ Food Coloring ◆ Bowl ◆ Spoon ◆ Small Cup for Measuring (We used a recycled apple sauce cup!)

Step 1: Pour a cup of Step 2: Add a cup of Step 3: Knead the slime Step 4: Enjoy playing with your glue, a cup of water, and liquid starch and quickly with your hands. It will lava slime! some food coloring into a mix. The slime will start be sticky at first, but will bowl. Mix thoroughly. to thicken. Keep stirring come together. until it comes together.

The Foster | 940 Commercial St., Palo Alto, CA 94303 | www.thefoster.org August 2020