sign in sign up
<<
Home , Acotango, Aguilera (volcano), Guallatiri, Irruputuncu, Isluga, Lascar (volcano)

Swarms ISLI SHZ Start time: 2011235 8/23/11 02:00:00 Reconnaissance at nine volcanoes of the central At least 10 swarms were found +0.0h near Ollagüe, , 1. Department of and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA ([email protected]). 1 2 1,3 1 (near : shown at right 1 1 2. Department of Earth & Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, NM, USA. M. E. Pritchard, D. Krzesni, N. Button, M. Welch, J. A. Jay, S. T. Henderson on helicorder), & +1.0h 3. University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. 7. SERGEOTECMIN, , . Cornell Andes 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4. Universidad de Tarapacá, , . 8. Observatorio San Calixto, La Paz, Bolivia. Number of located per day within 25km of Isluga B. Glass, V. Soler, A. Amigo, M. Sunagua, E. Minaya, J. Clavero, S. Barrientos 5. Estación Volcanológica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. 9. Energía Andina, Santiago, Chile. Project 7 V53B-2817 +2.0h 6. SERNAGEOMIN, Santiago, Chile. 10. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 6

5 last eruption: ~300 AD +3.0h 500.0 Motivation & Methods Potential thermal anomaly Irruputuncu & 4

* The seismicity of the central Andes volcanoes (Bolivia and Chile) is poorly constrained -- no unambiguous +4.0h 0 Parinacota & Guallatiri Guallatiri last eruption 1960 Irruputuncu last eruption: 1995 3 volcanic earthquakes in global catalogs (ISC & PDE). Fumarolically active

Olca last eruption: 1867 Number of earthquakes 2 PARS seismic station with Swarm after 2001 Mw 8.4 Perú earthquake Both fumarolically active 0m 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m * Temporary networks (1 to 5 stations each) of short and intermediate period seismometers from PASSCAL (Muñoz, 2006) Filter: BW 0.8 5 25.0 5 Parinacota & Sajama volcanoes BRTT dbheli: avChile dbheli.avChile.ISLI.SHZ.252481.ps scott Thu Aug 2 16:55:27 2012 (ANDIVOLC project: L22 (1 Hz) and Guralp 40 T’s) and Geospace GS-11D (4.5 Hz)) deployed for several 1 69.6˚W 69.3˚W 69˚W 68.7˚W months to years at nine potentially active volcanoes in Chile & Bolivia between 2004-2012. 0 Lowest Error Locations 5/1/11 6/1/11 7/1/11 8/1/11 9/1/1110/1/1111/1/1112/1/111/1/12 2/1/123/1/12 Date * Volcanoes selected because they have thermal anomalies in nighttime satellite ASTER observations, 18˚S Highest Error Locations 18˚S Seismometer (Jay et al., 2013) active , or recent eruptive activity. PACA Photo of Olca fumaroles from Swarms occur at Putana volcano (for PAGE Volcano Felipe example on heliocorder to the right on 13 Parinacota * Phase arrivals manually picked -- more than 5000 local and regional earthquakes located using the PARW Oct. 2009: Soler & Alvaro, 2012) and generalized earthquake-location (GENLOC) program that is part of the Antelope software package. PARS triggered by the Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile 18.3˚S 18.3˚S All earthquakes (including mine blasts) earthquake on 27 Feb. 2010 (below). GUAJ Only night events (6pm-11am) Other published studies with 68.9˚W 68.7˚W 68.5˚W 68.3˚W This study GUAC 68.9˚W 68.7˚W 68.5˚W 68.3˚W Guallatiri 20.6˚S 20.6˚S On the other hand, the most active volcano earthquakes Lowest Error Locations 20.6˚S 20.6˚S Highest Error Locations Lowest Error Locations GUAW GUAS Seismometer Highest Error Locations volcano in the central Andes in recent 18˚S Mine Seismometer Parinacota: Mine years (Láscar volcano, Chile) did not have Volcano IRR2 Volcano 4 seismometers 18.6˚S 18.6˚S IRR2 Irruputuncu IRR1 significant triggered local seismicity from Apr. 2011 − Mar. 2012 Guallatiri volcano Irruputuncu IRR1 the Maule earthquake (bottom right from 20.8˚S 20.8˚S Guallatiri: 20.8˚S 20.8˚S 0 km 12.5 km 25 km Soler & Alvaro, 2012) 4 seismometers 69.4˚W 69.2˚W 69˚W OLC4 OLC4 18.6˚S Apr. 2011 − Mar. 2012 Isluga: 18.3˚S 18.3˚S Depth (km) OLC3 2 seismometers OLC3 Lowest Error Locations 0 0 10 1020 2030 3040 4050 50 Oct. 2012−present Highest Error Locations OLCE OLCE Seismometer Olca−Paruma OLC1 GUAJ 18.9˚S 18.9˚S Olca−Paruma OLC1 20˚S Acotango 69.6˚W 69.3˚W 69˚W 68.7˚W Rosario OLC2 Volcano Ujina Rosario OLC2 21˚S 21˚S Ujina Quebrada Blanca OLC5 21˚S 21˚S Quebrada Blanca OLC5 Isluga: GUAC 4 seismometers Guallatiri Number of earthquakes located per day within 25km of Parinacota 6 0 km 12.5 km 25 km 0 km 12.5 km 25 km Apr. 2011 − Mar. 2012 Depth (km) Depth (km) km 0 0 10 1020 2030 3040 4050 50 0 0 10 1020 2030 3040 4050 50 GUAS 5 18.5˚S GUAW 18.5˚S 21.2˚S 21.2˚S 19.8˚S : 21.2˚S 21.2˚S 0 50 68.9˚W 68.7˚W 68.5˚W 68.3˚W 1 seismometer 68.9˚W 68.7˚W 68.5˚W 68.3˚W April 2003 22˚S San Pedro 4 Number of earthquakes located per day within 25km of Irruputuncu 2 seismometers 6 Number of earthquakes located per day within 25km of Olca Uturuncu: 10 Nov. 2009 − 15 seismometers present 3 9 Irruputuncu: Apr. 2009 − 0 km 12.5 km 25 km 5 Irruputuncu: 4 seismometers Apr. 2010 Apr. 2010− Feb. 2011 Depth (km) 8 1 seismometer 0 0 10 1020 2030 3040 4050 50 2 4 7

Nov. 2005 − Number of earthquakes Mar. 2006 Olca: : Lascar: 21˚S 6 seismometers 4 seismometers 4 seismometers 18.7˚S 18.7˚S 6 69.4˚W 69.2˚W 69˚W 3 Apr. 2010 − Feb. 2011 Apr. 1994 2009−present 1 5 24˚S Ollague: Ollague: Number of earthquakes located per day within 25km of Guallatiri 4 10 2 1 seismometer 4 seismometers 0 Number of earthquakes Dec. 2004 − Oct. 2010 − 6/1/11 7/1/11 8/1/11 9/1/11 10/1/11 11/1/11 Number of earthquakes 3 Feb. 2007 Feb. 2011 9 Date : 1 2 A selection of interferograms (right) shows 8 17 seismometers 1 a pulse of 4 cm of ground uplift at Putana Nov. 2007 − Jan. 2008 Guallatiri volcano 7 0 5/1/10 6/1/10 7/1/10 8/1/10 9/1/1010/1/1011/1/1012/1/101/1/11 2/1/11 0 volcano sometime between 18 Oct. 2009 5/1/10 6/1/10 7/1/10 8/1/10 9/1/1010/1/1011/1/1012/1/101/1/11 2/1/11 Date 22.2˚S 6 Date and 13 Sept. 2009, perhaps related to the 26˚S Cerro Galan swarm observed on 13 Oct. 2009 shown Putana: 5 1 seismometer Sol de Manana: above. Deformation is not observed during 2 seismometers 4 Aug. 2009 − Oct. 2010 − Cerro Peinado Ollague volcano other times between 1992-2011.

Feb. 2011 Feb. 2011 Number of earthquakes 3 The deformation can be modeled with a 2 Ollagüe PUNA Array: spherical point source at 1 km depth and a km Lascar: 74 seismometers 1 1 seismometer Dec. 2007 − Last eruption: Unknown volume change of 100,000 cubic m. 23.4˚S 0 20 40 Feb. − May 2010 Oct. 2009 0 Fumarolically active 28˚S 6/1/11 7/1/11 8/1/11 9/1/1110/1/1111/1/1112/1/111/1/12 2/1/123/1/12 Date Intense microseismicity (Clavero et al., 2005) 69.4˚W 68.2˚W 67˚W 69.5˚W 67.5˚W 65.5˚W Legend: Isluga: SERNAGEOMIN (2012) Green triangles: volcanoes in Smithsonian Catalog San Pedro: SERNAGEOMIN (2012) Red circles: ANDIVOLC/PASSCAL seismometer arrays Uturuncu: Sparks et al., (2008) & Jay et al., (2012) Isluga last eruption: 1913 Blue circles: single Geospace seismometers Lascar: Asch et al., (1996) & SERNAGEOMIN (2012) Isluga & Puchuldiza Fumarolically active -- reported increase Lastarria: Spica et al., (2012) 69.2˚W 69˚W 68.8˚W in 2002-2003 (Cespedes et al., 2004) 68.4˚W 68.2˚W 68˚W

PUNA array: Mulcahy et al., (2010) Lowest Error Locations Lowest Error Locations Highest Error Locations Highest Error Locations Number of earthquakes located per day within 25km of Ollague Conclusions Seismometer Seismometer Puchuldiza is active geyser field 10 Volcano Volcano age 21.2˚S 21.2˚S 9 * Within 25 km of each volcano, the following earthquakes were located (all volcano-tectonic): 19.1˚S 19.1˚S OGRE 8 ISLI Ollagüe: 1.5 earthquakes/day for 4 months, maximum 10/day -- 2 definite swarms. Local earthquake example Isluga ISLW Isluga volcano ISLE Ollague OGAZ 7 OGCM Guallatiri: 0.7 earthquakes/day over 10 months, maximum 7/day -- 1 definite & 1 potential swarm. 6 OGAZ SHE Start time: 2010354 12/20/10 02:04:05 OGAZ SHZ Start time: 2010354 12/20/10 02:04:05 ISLG OGEE 5 Olca: 1.6 earthquakes/day, maximum of 10/day, but most of these are mislocated mine explosions. 21.4˚S 21.4˚S Non- seismic activity is revealed through analysis of nighttime data and we find persistent 19.3˚S 19.3˚S 4 earthquake activity between Olca and Irruputuncu volcanoes.

Number of earthquakes 3 1500.0 1500.0

0 km 12.5 km 25 km Parinacota: 0.1 earthquakes/day over 12 months, maximum 6.day (1 potential swarm in Sept. 2011) km 2 Depth (km) 0 5 10 +0.0s 0 +0.0s 0 Puchuldiza geyser 0 0 10 1020 2030 3040 4050 50 1 Isluga: 0.3 earthquakes/day over 12 months, maximum 7/day. The volcano itself was quiet during this Depth (km) 0 0 10 1020 2030 3040 4050 50 21.6˚S 21.6˚S period. Two swarms were probably related to Puchuldiza geysers (one had 20 events in 5 hours) 68.4˚W 68.2˚W 68˚W 0 11/1/10 12/1/10 1/1/11 2/1/11 but are poorly located as they are outside the network. 19.5˚S 19.5˚S Date 69.2˚W 69˚W 68.8˚W Irruputuncu: 0.6 earthquakes/day over 10 months, maximum of 6/day.

Cespedes et al., (2004) Hazard management at Isluga volcanoe, northern Chile: Preliminary results (abstract 05a_107) IAVCEI General Assembly, Pucón, Chile Clavero, J. et al. (2005) Preliminary seismic and diffuse CO2 flux characterization of active volcanoes from the central Andes of northern Chile (abstract) ISPEI General Assembly, Santiago, Chile * Swarms at Putana volcano in late 2009 may correspond in time with a pulse of ground uplift observed by 0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s Re fe r en c es: Asch et al.., (1996) Observations of rapid-fire event tremor at Lascár volcano, Chile, Annali di Geofisica, vol. XXXIX, No. 2, p. 273-282 Acknowledgements: Filter: BW 0.8 5 25.0 5 Filter: BW 0.8 5 25.0 5 Jay J. A. et al., (2012) Shallow seismicity, triggered seismicity, and ambient noise tomography at the long-dormant Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia, Bulletin of Volcanology, doi: 10.1007/s00445-011-0568-7 satellite InSAR, but the other swarms (at Putana & elsewhere) do not have measurable deformation. BRTT dbheli: AV_6_2011 dbheli.AV_6_2011.OGAZ.SHE.286901.ps scott Fri Aug 3 13:20:33 2012 BRTT dbheli: AV_6_2011 dbheli.AV_6_2011.OGAZ.SHZ.286691.ps scott Fri Aug 3 13:16:28 2012 Funding for the seismic deployment of PASSCAL instruments (ANDIVOLC) was provided by a NASA New Investigator Award. D. Krzesni’s contribution Jay J. A. et al., (2013) Volcanic hotspots of the central and southern Andes as seen from space by ASTER and MODVOLC between the years 2000-2010, in of Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes: Integrating Observation and Modelling, Geological Society of London, in press. supported by an IRIS summer internship. We thank PASSCAL, CONAF Chile, the residents of Pajancha, Puesto Militar Chela, Caquena, and Enquelga Mulcahy P. et al., (2010) The SOUTHERN PUNA Seismic Experiment: Shape of the Subducting , Areas of Concentrated Mantle and Crustal Earthquakes, and Crustal Focal Mechanisms (abstract T11A-2050) Fall AGU as well as the many people who assisted with fieldwork and picking earthquake locations. Muñoz, M. (2006) Estudio de la auto-organización de la sismicidad en la zona 17 a 21 S/ 68 a 71 W, después del terremoto de Arequipa en Perú de 2001, Mw=8.4, Memoria para optar al Título de Ingeniero civil, Universidad de Chile Example of local earthquake recorded by short-period (L22) seismometer on east-west (left) and vertical SERNAGEOMIN (2012) Reportes de Activida Volcanica, http://www.sernageomin.cl/volcanes.php * Putana also appears to have local triggered seismicity from the 27 Feb. 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake Soler, C. and A. Amigo (2012) Nota informativa sobre la actividad microsísmica del volcán Putana. Andes centrales del norte de Chile periodo Sept. 2009 - Feb 2011, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain components (right) at Ollagüe volcano. Sparks, R. S. J. et al., (2008) Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia: Volcanic unrest due to a mid-crustal intrusion, American Journal of Science,308, p. 727-769. (about 1600 km distant) as did the nearby Uturuncu volcano in Bolivia (Jay et al., 2012), but Láscar did not. Spica, A. et al., (2012) Surface waves calculated from seismic noise and very shallow seismicity of the Lastarria Volcanic Anomaly, Chile (abstract) Reunion Anual de la Union Geofisica Mexicana, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico