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Perspectives of Dairy Cattle Breeding in Mountain Dairy Systems: New Insight from Cowability/Cowplus Projects 5 G

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Perspectives of Dairy Cattle Breeding in Mountain Dairy Systems: New Insight from Cowability/Cowplus Projects 5 G 12th INTERNATIONAL Meeting on Mountain cheese 20-22 June 2017 Padova, italy Perspectives of dairy cattle breeding in mountain dairy systems: new insight from Cowability/Cowplus projects 5 G. Bittante, A. Cecchinato Prediction of cheesemaking properties of Montbeliarde milks used for PDO/PGI cheeses production in Franche-Comté by mid-infrared spectrometry 15 C. Laithier, V. Wolf, M. El Jabri, P. Trossat, S. Gavoye, D. Pourchet, P. Grosperrin, E. Beuvier, O. Rolet- Répécaud, Y. Gaüzère, O. Belysheva, E. Notz, A. Delacroix-Buchet Volatile Organic Compounds of milk, cream, fresh cheese, whey, ricotta, scotta, and ripened cheese obtained during summer Alpine pasture 21 M. Bergamaschi, B. Martin, G. Bittante Characterization of the non-genetic causes of variation of bovine milk calcium concentrations in French farms 25 P. Gaignon, C. Hurtaud, M. Gelé, A. Boudon New insights on microbiota, from the environment of the farm to the cheese 28 M. Frétin, F. Irlinger, I. Verdier-Metz, A. Ferlay, B. Martin, M.C. Montel, C. Delbès Microbiological characteristics of Trachanas, a traditional fermented dairy product from Cyprus 33 D. Bozoudi, M. Agathokleous, I. Anastasiou, P. Papademas, D. Tsaltas Influence of an autochthonous starter culture on the microbial dynamics of PDO Silter cheese 37 T. Silvetti, P. Cremonesi, S. Morandi, E. Capra, C. Albano, R. Giannico, I. De Noni, M. Brasca Reduction of histamine content in traditional raw milk cheeses 41 J. Haldemann, P. Ascone, J. Maurer, S. Irmler, H. Berthoud, R. Portmann, M.-T. Fröhlich-Wyder, D. Wechsler Characterization and health-promoting properties of Traditional Mountain cheese microbiota 45 I. Carafa, F. Clementi, K. Tuohy, E. Franciosi The microbes, stowaways of milk 49 Geneviève Teil Mountain forage system management and dairy product quality 53 G. Borreani, E. Tabacco Nutritive composition, carotenoid, tocopherol and tannin contents of cover crops used as forage plants for ruminants 57 G. Maxin, A. Le Morvan, S. Laverroux, B. Graulet Effect of rapeseed or linseed supplements on the plasma and milk carotenoid concentrations in dairy cows fed grass-based diets 63 B. Graulet, D. Pomiès, A. Ferlay, B. Martin Season and dairy cow breed influence milk composition, cheese yielding capacity and butter properties 69 C. Hurtaud, C. Rose, A. Valais, F. Launay, L. Delaby 1 12th INTERNATIONAL Meeting on Mountain cheese 20-22 June 2017 Padova, italy Once daily milking after calving: a practice to overcome reproduction problems in mountain low-input dairy systems 75 D. Pomiès, F. Fournier Alpine transhumance affects milk chemical composition and coagulation properties, and modifies cheese texture 81 M. Koczura1, G. Turille, M. Kreuzer, J. Berard, M. De Marchi, B. Martin Prediction of cow diet composition from bulk milk spectra by Medium Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (MIRS) 85 M.Coppa, A. Revello-Chion, D.Giaccone, E. Tabacco, G. Borreani Multiple chemical markers to authenticate mountain PDO Idiazabal cheese 89 L.J. R. Barron, M.A. Bustamante, N. Aldai, I. Valdivielso Characterization of detailed fatty acid profile of 18 categories of cheeses from mountains and plains 93 G. Stocco, C. Cipolat-Gotet, M. Bergamaschi, G. Bittante Multicriteria evaluation for conjoint assessment of milk quality and environmental performances of dairy farms 99 R. Botreau, B. Martin, S. Hulin, C. Kanyarushoki, A. Farruggia, F. Monsallier, A. Loisel, R. Hérisset, C. Laurent Socio-economic study of dairy farms in a semi-mountain PDO cheese area (St Flour, Cantal, France): Ways and strategies to improve production system robustness 103 L. Rey-Cadilhac, Y. Le Roux, H. Rapey, J.B. Fanjul, F. Monsallier, S. Lerch Preliminary study for a new approach to decide the qualitative level of the cheese controlling the animal diet 109 S. Carpino, V.M. Marino, T. Rapisarda, R. Rubino The link with the Terroir in PDOs (Protected Designations of Origin), a fundamental element to establish a suitable specification 113 A. Ognov, Ch. Marzin,E. Vergnol, G. Flutet Reimagining British Mountain Cheese 117 Bronwen Percival Terroir Cheese network: an original tool to support Research and Development for PDO cheese sector 121 C. Spelle Properties of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from raw ewe’s milk produced at three mountainous areas of Greece 125 D. Bozoudi, N. Tzanetakis, E. Litopoulou-Tzanetaki Capacities of dairy and suckling herds to valorize grassland resources in mountain areas: use of a bio economic optimization model to study the influence of the structure of livestock systems 131 Z. Diakité, C. Mosnier, R. Baumont, G. Brunschwig 2 12th INTERNATIONAL Meeting on Mountain cheese 20-22 June 2017 Padova, italy Study of starter culture persistence and performance in pasture production of Fromadzo PDO cheese 135 S. Zenato, R. Pramotton, L. Vernetti, P. Dolci, A. Barmaz Genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to differences in relative proportion of αs- casein phosphorylation isoforms among Montbéliarde cows 139 Z.H. Fang, H. Bovenhuis, M.H.P.W. Visker, A. Delacroix-Buchet, G. Miranda, P. Martin Characterization of milk and estimation of cheese yield for dairy ewes in Tunisian mountains 145 W. Nasri, S. Smeti, I. Mekki, N. Atti Technological and biochemical characterization of Drâa goat milk and cheese 149 Y. Noutfia, S. Zantar, M.E. Hilali, C. Alem, Y. Filali Zegzouti Identification of bacterial biodiversity and volatile fraction of Bitto Storico cheese in different Alpine pasture areas 153 F. Turri, P. Cremonesi, G. Gandini, G. Battelli, M. Severgnini, F. Pizzi Performance of different native starter cultures for Fontina PDO production 157 L. Vernetti-Prot, S. Zenato, R. Pramotton, Andrea Barmaz 3 12th INTERNATIONAL Meeting on Mountain cheese 20-22 June 2017 Padova, italy Perspectives of dairy cattle breeding in mountain dairy systems: new insight from Cowability/Cowplus projects G. Bittante1*, A. Cecchinato1 Dep. DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16 I-35020, Legnaro (PD) *[email protected] Abstract The abolition of milk quotas in EU is causing an increase of milk production and a decrease of the prices of dairy products which can lead to dramatic effects on many dairy systems in the mountains areas. Mountains dairy chain cannot compete for productivity, efficiency and cost of production and, for its economic sustainability should rely on the production of very high quality products in order to achieve high prices. Genetics of cattle (breeds, crossbreeding, and selection) should contribute to this target through optimization of use of genetic resources and the improvement of the cattle populations. Cowability/Cowplus projects offered new insights on the efficiency of dairy productions of cattle populations reared in the mountain areas and especially of Jersey and dual purpose breeds originated in the Alps. The herd productivity level, and the dairy system, if not properly considered can lead to biased estimates of breeding values of bulls used in traditional low-input farms. New phenotypes important for improvement of quality of dairy products have shown to be heritable in a mountain territory. Among these: the new modeling traits of milk coagulation, curd firming and syneresis; the % cheese yields, milk nutrients retained in cheese and cheese-making efficiency traits; the chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of cheeses obtained; the detailed fatty acid profile of milk and of cheese and the transfer of individual fatty acids from milk to cheese; the volatile organic compound fingerprint of cheeses produced. Keywords: cow’s breed efficiency, genetic-environment interactions, new cheese phenotypes Introduction Dairy cattle rearing in the mountains represents a small proportion of milk production in the EU, but it has a great value because of the externalities it offers to the community. First of all, cattle breeding in the mountain areas is important for the ecological services linked to environment protection from hydrogeological threats and landscape conservation, moreover it contribute a lot to maintaining culture and traditions linked to the area and thus enhancing the tourism and the quality of life. The abolition of milk quota system in EU is causing an increase of milk production, especially in the intensive farms of the plains, and a decrease of the prices of dairy products. This can lead to dramatic effects on many dairy systems in the European mountains. Indeed, the dairy chains in the mountains cannot compete for productivity, efficiency and cost of production with more favoured areas and, for its economic sustainability, the mountainous dairy chains should rely on the production of very high quality products that should be able to obtain high market prices. Objective of the present study is to analyse the role of genetics of dairy cattle in enhancing the sustainability of dairy farms in the mountain areas through the optimization of the genetic resources. In particular, the results obtained from the Cowability and Cowplus projects “Cattle farming in mountain areas: sustainability, animal functionality and product quality” (funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento, Italian Alps) will be summarized. Efficiency of cattle breeds for dairy farming in the mountains Many dairy farmers in the mountainous areas are trying to face the global competition in the dairy sector by copying the evolution characterizing the dairy farms in the favoured areas of 5 12th INTERNATIONAL Meeting on Mountain cheese 20-22 June 2017 Padova, italy the plains, in terms of facilities, feeding, management and also genetics. Indeed, the Holstein- Friesian is replacing the traditional breeds originated in the Alpine environment, and particularly the dual purpose ones. Comparing cattle breeds in the mountains for milk yield In table 1 data obtained from milk recording of cows belonging to 3 dairy specialized breeds (Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss and Jersey) and 3 dual purpose breeds of Alpine origin (Simmental, Rendena and Alpine Grey) are summarized. The Italian national data show clearly the much greater average milk production of Holsteins respect to all the other breeds. Obviously different breeds are reared in different areas of the Country characterized by different environmental conditions and dairy systems.
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