DOCSLIB.ORG

Tone from the Top Leadership, Ethics and Accountability in Policing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tone from the Top Leadership, Ethics and Accountability in Policing Fifteenth Report of the Committee on Standards in Public Life Tone from the top Leadership, ethics and accountability in policing Presented to Parliament by the Prime Minister by Command of Her Majesty June 2015 Cm 9057 This information is also available on the Committee on Standards in Public Life website: https://www.gov.uk/government/ organisations/the-committee-on-standards-in-public-life © Crown copyright 2015 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] Print ISBN 9781474119818 Web ISBN 9781474119825 ID SGD008388 07/15 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office Contents Foreword 5 Executive summary 7 Chapter 1 Context 17 Chapter 2 Leadership 31 Chapter 3 Accountability 47 Chapter 4 Integrity 69 Chapter 5 Openness 83 Glossary 105 Appendixes Appendix A: Policing accountability in London 109 Appendix B: Accountability 111 Appendix C: The College of Policing’s Code of Ethics 115 Appendix D: APCC Ethical Good Practice Framework 117 Appendix E: Ethics Committees 120 Appendix F: Police and Crime Panels 124 Appendix G: Police and Crime Panel best practice 128 Appendix H: Transparency desk research 2014 130 Appendix I: Methodology 134 3 LEADERSHIP, ETHICS AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN POLICING List of figures Chapter 1: Context 1 Newspaper headlines of policing scandals 18 2 Level of public trust in the police 21 3 The model of local policing accountability 22 4 Public awareness of PCCs 24 5 Public awareness of Police and Crime Panels 25 6 Public awareness of policing accountability arrangements in London 25 Chapter 2: Leadership 7 Police force leadership structure 33 8 Office of the PCC leadership structure 34 9 The balance of power in the model of local policing accountability 37 Chapter 3: Accountability 10 ACPO representation of local policing accountability 48 11 Public awareness of how PCCs are chosen 50 12 The PCCs’ declaration of acceptance of office 52 13 An Ethical Checklist for PCCs 54 14 The Police Act 1996, Schedule 4 – Form of declaration 55 Chapter 5: Openness 15 Specified Information Order 2011 83 16 Respondee perceptions of level of transparency in PCCs’ decision-making 85 17 Respondee perceptions of level of transparency in PCCs’ decision-making, by stakeholder group 85 18 Mechanisms used by PCCs to ensure transparent decision-making 86 19 Number of PCCs complying with transparency requirements 87 20 Number of PCCs publishing performance data 89 21 Percentage of the public that have had contact with their PCC 91 22 Methods used by the public to find out about policing issues in their local area 91 23 Level of public interest in finding out about policing issues in their local area 92 24 Level of PCC compliance with complaints and conduct information requirement 98 4 FOREWORD FROM THE CHAIR OF THE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS IN PUBLIC LIFE Foreword from the Chair of the Committee on Standards in Public Life June 2015 Dear Prime Minister, I am pleased to present the Committee’s 15th report. It is the first report in the Committee’s history that has looked specifically at policing. The police do a difficult and important job on behalf of the public. Despite some recent significant standards failures, they remain among the most trusted public office holders. In the context of reduced expenditure there is unprecedented focus on the leadership, ethics and accountability of individuals delivering services to the public. This places even greater emphasis on all public office holders – both elected and appointed - to be accountable and demonstrate their commitment to high ethical standards. Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) were established to inject greater dynamism and visibility into local policing and offer a new, more direct form of ‘democratic accountability’. In particular, they were intended to create greater responsiveness to local conditions and problems. Our eight month study of leadership and accountability of local policing provides evidence of this new impetus in many areas – greater innovation, increased visibility and a greater focus on community engagement and victim support. There is also widespread recognition of the importance of the College of Policing’s Code of Ethics, the core policing values and the need for all the new mechanisms to support high standards of behaviour and propriety. However there is also clear evidence of significant standards risks, including continuing confusion over roles and responsibilities, insufficient challenge and scrutiny of PCCs’ decisions and insufficient redress where a PCC falls below the standards of behaviour that the public expects of a holder of public office. Under current arrangements the accountability of PCCs rests almost entirely upon democratic processes. It is for voters to assess their standards, but only at four-year intervals. In between elections more effective day to-day scrutiny and transparency of PCCs’ decision making is needed, including through the operation of Police and Crime Panels, and stronger safeguards are needed in the appointments of Chief Constables and the roles of statutory officers. The Home Secretary has already made clear that as the police accept a transfer of power from Whitehall to communities, with the introduction of democratic, local accountability, they must accept much more transparency and scrutiny. Our call is for greater energy and consistency to be applied to promoting high ethical standards and for a more robust set of checks and balances in the accountability structures of local policing to enable the public to make a fair and balanced assessment of their PCC. Our recommendations are intended to support both current and future arrangements. With the introduction of elected metro mayors taking on the powers of the PCC and increasingly devolved powers and budgets, this is an apposite moment to make our recommendations. Lord Paul Bew Chair, Committee on Standards in Public Life Executive summary 5 Executive summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive summary 1. The public expects high ethical standards from the police that serve them. Trust in the police is vital – from Executive the Chief Constable to the most junior police officer. Police ethics – their honesty, their integrity, their impartiality, their openness – should be beyond reproach. Above all, this requires effective accountability summary and leadership to create a culture where high standards of behaviour are the norm. High standards – of both conduct and accountability – also need to be demonstrated by those charged with holding the police to account. 2. The Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 (the Act) created elected Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) to “ensure the police respond to local priorities and are directly accountable to the public.”1 PCCs set the strategic direction and aims of the police force and have responsibility for delivering community safety and reducing crime and delivering value for money. PCCs control over £12bn of police force funding.2 They have the statutory responsibility to appoint a Chief Constable as well as for their removal. In addition to the PCCs’ local role, they have a regional and national role to ensure cross border resilience and capability and to meet national threats such as terrorism or organised crime. PCCs can and have entered into collaboration agreements with other PCCs and organisations to improve the efficiency or effectiveness of policing, for example by sharing back office functions. The Act also provided for the establishment of local Police and Crime Panels who have a dual scrutiny and support role in respect of the PCC and have some powers of veto on budgets and on the appointment of a Chief Constable. 3. PCCs represent a deliberate and substantial strengthening of the locally elected element of the tripartite arrangements for policing accountability. The model is one of democratic accountability “replacing bureaucratic accountability with democratic accountability” where “the public will have elected Police and Crime Commissioners and will be holding them to account for how policing is delivered through their force.”3 The model is primarily reliant on the cycle of elections as the main means of holding PCCs to account. The average turnout for the PCC election in 2012 was 15.1%. The Committee’s public research has found that knowledge of the policing accountability arrangements is not very high4 and there is a very low level of public interest in policing – 60% of respondents said they were not interested in finding out about policing issues in their local area5. Rather, for the public, the key accountability mechanism is the ability to question or challenge “their” local beat team or commander on specific areas of concern. 4. The statutory Policing Protocol,6 which sets out to all PCCs, Chief Constables and Police and Crime Panels how their functions will be exercised in relation to each other,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • City Hall Rich List 2020
    City Hall Rich List 2020 Darwin Friend June 2020 Introduction Scrutinising staffing costs at local and national level is a hallmark of our mission to make government more accountable to taxpayers. This principle underpins our annual Town Hall Rich List, which details remuneration of the highest paid people across local government.1 It should also apply to municipal government. The Greater London Authority (GLA) is one of the biggest local authorities in the UK; it includes a number of well-known bodies and a powerful mayor. Sadiq Khan, the current mayor of London, has complained about financial woes, while the staffing costs of City Hall employees have risen by 82 per cent, from £36 million in 2016-17 to £65.5 million in the 2020-21 proposed budget.2 Meanwhile, the mayor has increased the band D council tax precept by just under nine per cent in 2019-20, and London taxpayers have gone from paying £295 in 2015-16 to £332 in 2020-21 for the GLA.3,4 The City Hall Rich List details the employees working for the Greater London Authority, Transport for London, London Fire Brigade and Metropolitan Police whose total remuneration exceeds £100,000. Key findings ▪ There were at least 654 people employed by the GLA and its subsidiary bodies in 2018-19 who received more than £100,000. Of these, 154 received over £150,000 in total remuneration. In 2015-16, 653 received more than £100,000 and 147 employees collected over £150,000. ▪ In 2018-19 the body with the highest number of employees with remuneration in excess of £100,000 was Transport for London, with 518 employees.
    [Show full text]
  • Consultation Report 793 795 London Road
    793-795 London Road - proposed red route restrictions Consultation summary July 2016 Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 1 1 Background ................................................................................................................ 2 2 Scheme description .................................................................................................... 2 3 The consultation ......................................................................................................... 4 4 Overview of consultation responses ............................................................................ 5 5 Responses from statutory bodies and other stakeholders ........................................... 7 6 Conclusion and next steps .......................................................................................... 7 Appendix A – Response to issues raised .............................................................................. 8 Appendix B – Consultation Materials ..................................................................................... 9 Appendix C – List of stakeholders consulted ....................................................................... 13 Executive Summary Between 5 February and 17 March 2017, we consulted on proposed changes to parking restrictions at the area in front of 793-795 London Road, Croydon. The consultation received 11 responses, with 7 responses supporting or partially supporting
    [Show full text]
  • 1 8 March 2017 Deputy Mayor for London, Joanne Mccartney, Joins
    8 March 2017 Deputy Mayor for London, Joanne McCartney, joins Lambeth primary school children for a mesmerizing performance of Romeo and Juliet Download images of the Deputy Mayor’s visit here Deputy Mayor for London, Joanne McCartney, today joined children from Archbishop Sumner Primary School in Lambeth to experience the National Theatre’s latest production for primary schools. This spring, more than 12,000 young people will see the NT’s tour for younger audiences of Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth, with these productions visiting 27 schools across the capital and playing on stage at the National Theatre and Stratford Circus. The NT is continuing its commitment to touring live theatre to schools across London with its latest production of Romeo and Juliet. The production is a modern twist on Shakespeare’s classic love story set against a vibrant urban backdrop with excitement, colour, dancing and live song. A company of eight present a contemporary celebration of Shakespeare's masterpiece suitable for children aged 8 – 12yrs. Lisa Burger, Executive Director at the National Theatre said: “We believe that it is important for children and young people of all ages to have access to high quality, engaging theatre and we are committed to giving young people access to inspirational theatre and embedding the arts as a vital part of the curriculum. In 2017, we are offering young people across London the opportunity to see Shakespeare productions in their primary and secondary schools as we realise that for many teachers, it is often the logistics of bringing a whole year group to the theatre which can be the barrier to young people accessing world-class theatre.
    [Show full text]
  • Underground Station Gets £15 Million Upgrade Walthamstow Central Station Is Get Through the Crowds at Rush Set for a Major Upgrade Thanks Hour Is Just Horrible
    Find out about all the fantastic markets taking place across the borough on page 4 Your Council keeping residents informed Issue 205 28 May 2018 www.walthamforest.gov.uk @wfcouncil Underground station gets £15 million upgrade Walthamstow Central Station is get through the crowds at rush set for a major upgrade thanks hour is just horrible. Hopefully this to a £15million investment from will make it much easier and less Transport for London. stressful!” Mayor of London Sadiq Khan Waltham Forest Council announced the money as part Leader, Clare Coghill, said: of exciting plans to redevelop “This announcement is great the Mall and town square. The news for Waltham Forest and our project will rejuvenate the town residents, and will further enhance centre area and attract extra our ambitious plans to revitalise investment to the borough, Walthamstow town centre. The unlocking new housing and upgrade to the station will unlock employment opportunities for the full potential of the Mall as a local young people. catalyst to bring new jobs, homes The station upgrade will deliver a and a better retail offer for our second entrance to the station that residents.” opens directly into the expanded The funding has been granted on Mall shopping centre, and create condition that the redevelopment step-free access to the platforms of Walthamstow Mall goes ahead. and Victoria line making travel The redevelopment will provide up easier for those with mobility to 350 permanent retail jobs, a new issues. It will ease the overcrowding children’s play area, and over 500 that currently causes delays and new homes.
    [Show full text]
  • Icm Research Job No (1-6) 960416
    ICM RESEARCH JOB NO (1-6) KNIGHTON HOUSE 56 MORTIMER STREET SERIAL NO (7-10) LONDON W1N 7DG TEL: 0171-436-3114 CARD NO (11) 1 2004 LONDON ELECTIONS QUESTIONNAIRE INTRODUCTION: Good morning/afternoon. I am ⇒ IF NO 2ND CHOICE SAY: from ICM, the independent opinion research Q7 So can I confirm, you only marked one company. We are conducting a survey in this area choice in the London Assembly election? today and I would be grateful if you could help by (14) answering a few questions … Yes 1 No 2 ⇒ CHECK QUOTAS AND CONTINUE IF ON Don’t know 3 QUOTA Q1 First of all, in the recent election for the ***TAKE BACK THE BALLOT PAPERS*** new London Mayor and Assembly many people were not able to go and vote. Can you tell me, did ♦ SHOW CARD Q8 you manage to go to the polling station and cast Q8 When you were voting in the elections for your vote? the London Assembly and London Mayor, what (12) was most important to you? Of the following Yes 1 possible answers, can you let me know which were No 2 the two most important as far as you were Don’t know 3 concerned (15) ⇒ IF NO/DON’T KNOW, GO TO Q9 Q2 Here is a version of the ballot paper like the These elections were a chance to let one used for the MAYOR ELECTION. the national government know what 1 (INTERVIEWER: HAND TO RESPONDENT). Could you think about national issues you please mark with an X who you voted for as I felt it was my duty to vote 2 your FIRST choice as London Mayor? MAKE SURE Choosing the best people to run 3 RESPONDENT MARKS BALLOT PAPER IN London CORRECT COLUMN I wanted to support a particular party 4 I wanted to let the government know Q3 And could you mark with an X who you my view on the Iraq war 5 voted for as your SECOND choice? ? MAKE SURE RESPONDENT MARKS BALLOT PAPER IN ⇒ VOTERS SKIP TO Q16 CORRECT COLUMN Q9 Here is a version of the ballot paper like the ND one used for the MAYOR ELECTION.
    [Show full text]
  • Police and Fire Mergers and Collaboration
    A CoPaCC Policing Report November 2016 Police and fire mergers and collaboration Sponsored by Published by Police and fire mergers and collaboration About us Sponsored by About CoPaCC CoPaCC was established shortly after the first PCC elections in November 2012 to monitor policing governance in England and Wales. CoPaCC now has a portfolio of services, working together to help organisations meet their governance and management challenges and opportunities. These include: l Policy and delivery CoPaCC’s national overview across policing, criminal justice and blue light provides us with an unrivalled insight into what works l Communications and social media CoPaCC publishes PolicingInsight.com, the UK’s foremost online magazine focusing on governance, management and politics in policing and criminal justice l Information and insight CoPaCC produces thematic reports and expert events covering key issues of policy and practice in the policing and criminal justice sectors l Monitoring standards CoPaCC monitors standards in policing governance, assessing OPCC performance and awarding quality marks in key areas of accountability Useful contacts Get in touch at [email protected] Visit www.copacc.org.uk Follow @CoPaCC Visit www.PolicingInsight.com Follow @PolicingInsight CoPaCC thematic reports and events Forthcoming reports and events: l Bodyworn video in policing l Statutory Transparency: Audit of OPCCs Copyright © 2016 CoPaCC Ltd / Policing Insight All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated 31.10.12)
    Police and Crime Commissioners: Who’s running? (updated 31.10.12) This table lists those candidates who are confirmed as standing in the first elections for Police and Crime Commissioners on 15 November 2012. For more information on these candidates, click on their name. To view to view a historical list of all candidates, including unsuccessful candidates and those who withdrew, scroll down to the second table. Force Conservatives Labour Liberal Democrats UKIP Other parties Independent Avon and Somerset Ken Maddock John Savage Pete Levy Sue Mountstevens Bedfordshire Jas Parmar Oliver Martins Linda Jack Kevin Carroll (British Freedom/EDL) Mezanur Rashid Cambridgeshire Graham Bright Ed Murphy Rupert Moss- Paul Bullen Stephen Goldspink (English Ansar Ali Eccardt Democrats) Farooq Mohammed Cheshire John Dwyer John Stockton Ainsley Arnold Louise Bours Sarah Flannery Cleveland Ken Lupton Barry Coppinger Joe Michna (Green Party) Sultan Alam Cumbria Richard Rhodes Patrick Leonard Pru Jupe Mary Robinson Derbyshire Simon Spencer Alan Charles David Gale Rod Hutton Devon and Cornwall Tony Hogg Nicky Williams Brian Blake Bob Smith Graham Calderwood Brian Greenslade Ivan Jordan Tam MacPherson William Morris John Smith Dorset Nick King Rachel Rogers Andy Canning Martyn Underhill Durham Nick Varley Ron Hogg Mike Costello Kingsley Smith Dyfed-Powys Christopher Salmon Christine Gwyther Essex Nicholas Alston Val Morris-Cook Andrew Smith Robin Tilbrook (English Democrats) Linda Belgrove Mick Thwaites Gloucestershire Victoria Atkins Rupi Dhanda Alistair
    [Show full text]
  • Transcript of the MPA Full Authority Meeting on 28 October 2010
    Transcript of the meeting of the Metropolitan Police Authority held on Thursday, 28 October 2010 at 10 am in the Chamber, City Hall, SE1. Present: Members: Kit Malthouse (Chair), Reshard Auladin (Vice Chairman) Tony Arbour, Jennette Arnold, John Biggs, Faith Boardman, Victoria Borwick, Valerie Brasse, Cindy Butts, James Cleverly, Dee Doocey, Toby Harris, Kirsten Hearn, Neil Johnson, Clive Lawton, Jenny Jones, Joanne McCartney, Steve O’Connell, Caroline Pidgeon, Amanda Sater and Valerie Shawcross. MPA Officers: Catherine Crawford (Chief Executive), Jane Harwood (Deputy Chief Executive) and Bob Atkins (Treasurer). MPS Officers: Sir Paul Stephenson (Commissioner), Anne McMeel (Director of Resources) and Lynne Owens (Deputy Assistant Commissioner). Kit Malthouse (Chairman): Colleagues. I make that 10 am. Shall we kick off? We have got a lot to get through this morning. Welcome all. Just before we start can we place ourselves in the room? I am Kit Malthouse, Chair of the Metropolitan Police Authority. Sir Paul Stephenson (Commissioner, MPS): Paul Stephenson. Lynne Owens (Deputy Assistant Commissioner): Lynne Owens. DAC, Territorial Policing. Anne McMeel (Director of Resources): Anne McMeel, MPS Director of Resources. Amanda Sater (AM): Amanda Sater. Independent Member. Valerie Shawcross (AM): Val Shawcross. GLA. Kirsten Hearn (AM): Kirsten Hearn. Tony Arbour (AM): Tony Arbour. Valerie Brasse (AM): Valerie Brasse. www.merrillcorp.com 1 Faith Boardman (AM): Faith Boardman. Dee Doocey (AM): Dee Doocey. Caroline Pidgeon (AM): Caroline Pidgeon. Toby Harris (AM): Toby Harris. Jenny Jones (AM): Jenny Jones. Joanne McCartney (AM): Joanne McCartney. Jennette Arnold (AM): Jennette Arnold. Clive Lawton (AM): Clive Lawton. Steve O’Connell (AM): Steve O’Connell. Bob Atkins (Treasurer, MPA): Bob Atkins.
    [Show full text]
  • (Public Pack)Agenda Document for Budget Monitoring
    AGENDA Meeting Budget Monitoring Sub-Committee Date Thursday 23 March 2017 Time 2.00 pm Place Committee Room 5, City Hall, The Queen's Walk, London, SE1 2AA Copies of the reports and any attachments may be found at www.london.gov.uk/mayor-assembly/london-assembly/budget-monitoring Most meetings of the London Assembly and its Committees are webcast live at www.london.gov.uk/mayor-assembly/london-assembly/webcasts where you can also view past meetings. Members of the Committee Gareth Bacon AM (Chairman) Len Duvall (Deputy Chair) AM Dr Onkar Sahota AM A meeting of the Committee has been called by the Chairman of the Sub-Committee to deal with the business listed below. Mark Roberts, Executive Director of Secretariat Wednesday 15 March 2017 Further Information If you have questions, would like further information about the meeting or require special facilities please contact: Shumus Mattar, Telephone: 020 7983 4011; email: [email protected]; Minicom: 020 7983 4458. For media enquiries please contact Sonia Labboun; telephone: 020 7983 5769; email: [email protected] If you have any questions about individual items please contact the author whose details are at the end of the report. This meeting will be open to the public, except for where exempt information is being discussed as noted on the agenda. A guide for the press and public on attending and reporting meetings of local government bodies, including the use of film, photography, social media and other means is available at www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Openness-in-Meetings.pdf.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the 7 July Review Committee
    cover2.qxd 5/26/06 3:41 pm Page 1 Report of the 7 July Review Committee - Volume 2 Volume - Committee Report of the 7 July Review Report of the 7 July Review Committee Volume 2: Views and information from organisations Greater London Authority City Hall The Queen’s Walk More London London SE1 2AA www.london.gov.uk Enquiries 020 7983 4100 June 2006 Minicom 020 7983 4458 LA/May 06/SD D&P Volume 2: Views and information from organisations Contents Page Transcript of hearing on 3 November 2005 3 Transport for London, Metropolitan Police Service, City of London Police, British Transport Police, London Fire Brigade and London Ambulance Service Transcript of hearing on 1 December 2005 Telecommunications companies: BT, O2, Vodafone, Cable & Wireless 61 Communication with businesses: London Chamber of Commerce & Industry 90 and Metropolitan Police Service Transcript of hearing on 11 January 2006 Local authorities: Croydon Council (Local Authority Gold on 7 July), Camden 109 Council, Tower Hamlets Council and Westminster City Council Health Service: NHS London, Barts & the London NHS Trust, Great Ormond 122 Street Hospital, Royal London Hospital and Royal College of Nursing Media: Sky News, BBC News, BBC London, ITV News, LBC News & Heart 132 106.2, Capital Radio and London Media Emergency Forum, Evening Standard, The Times Transcript of hearing on 1 March 2006 147 Ken Livingstone, Mayor of London Sir Ian Blair, Metropolitan Police Commissioner Written submissions from organisations Metropolitan Police 167 City of London Police 175 London Fire Brigade
    [Show full text]
  • Rail Devolution Business Case Narrative
    Submission to HM Government Date: 14 October 2016 Title: Rail devolution business case narrative 1 Summary 1.1 The purpose of this paper is to set out the case for further transfer of responsibility for the provision of some rail passenger services from the Department for Transport (DfT) to the Mayor and Transport for London (TfL). Significant improvement in the quality of services for passengers 1.2 Further devolution of inner suburban rail services within London will deliver significant economic, financial and customer benefits by 2020 through: More reliable and better services for passengers, delivered through a concession contracting model where the provider of train services focuses purely on reliability and customer satisfaction TfL’s proven ability to work with Network Rail sharing resources between them and London Underground Seamless and integrated fares, ticketing, branding and information for passengers across public transport services in London, which not only encourages more people to use public transport, but also reduces fare evasion A greater ability to plan and deliver the cost effective provision of public transport and associated projects across all local services, including buses, walking and cycling 1.3 Taken together, one impact will be to generate additional demand and revenue. On the recently devolved West Anglia services this has increased 27 per cent since devolution in May 2015. TfL expects an increase of 14 per cent in southeast London. The additional revenue can itself be re-invested in service enhancements 1.4 The package has a quantified benefit cost ratio of 4.3 : 1, based on railway passenger benefits, which shows that this offers high value for money.
    [Show full text]
  • Coalition Government and Constitutional Reform in the United Kingdom
    This is a repository copy of Inaction and Reaction – Coalition Government and Constitutional Reform in the United Kingdom. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/87072/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Matthews, F. (2015) Inaction and Reaction – Coalition Government and Constitutional Reform in the United Kingdom. British Politics. ISSN 1746-9198 https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2015.34 “This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in British Politics. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Matthews, F. (2015) Inaction and Reaction – Coalition Government and Constitutional Reform in the United Kingdom. British Politics is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/bp.2015.34 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Inaction and Reaction – Coalition Government and Constitutional Reform in the United Kingdom Felicity Matthews Department of Politics University of Sheffield Sheffield, S10 2TU [email protected] Abstract Constitutional reform in the United Kingdom is a story frequently framed around the narratives of missed opportunities, executive intransigence and institutional stickiness.
    [Show full text]