18790 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE TRAGEDY OF KOSOVO to the Federal army, Mr. Milosevic also em proval for unarmed European Community CONTINUES ploys the Chetniks, the ultraright wing Serbian observers to monitor a truce between the na militia, to help him build his Greater Serbia. Al tional army and the militias of the two secesionist republics.] HON. WM. S. BROOMFIELD ready, the Chetniks are urging the Serbian mi The situation here in Kosovo became more OF MICHIGAN nority in Croatia to declare independence from tense-and drew fury from neighboring Alba IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Croatia. The Serbian army in Croatia, now nia-with the announcement by Serbian au dominated by nationalist Serbs, is also helping Wednesday, July 17, 1991 thorities that freshmen enrollment at the in this effort and would side with the Serbs if University of Kosovo will be cut by more Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, in recent serious fighting broke out in Croatia. than two-thirds to 3,000. Half of those places years, I have called the attention of my col Is it surprising that the people of Croatia will be reserved for Serbo-Croat speakers, leagues to the human rights tragedy in the and Slovenia declared their independence on even though about 90 percent of Kosovo's 2 Yugoslav Province of Kosovo. Today, the situ million people are ethnic Albanians who June 25 after Milosevic had convinced them speak Albanian. ation there remains terrible. While the world that he and his Serbian followers would use all Albanians here say the Serbians aim to watches the democratic forces in Croatia and means necessary to gain total control of Yugo force them out of the university and, eventu Slovenia fight for self-determination, the ethnic slavia? Earlier in the year, supporters of de ally, out of Kosovo. Until now, the univer Albanians in the Province of Kosovo continue mocracy in Serbia held massive demonstra sity was the heart of what remained of to suffer under the harsh rule of Serbian na tions in Belgrade protesting Milosevic's fool Kosovo's Albanian culture and freedom dur tionalism and the destructive policies of Ser hardy policies. He is playing a dangerous ing an era that the locals view as military bian President Slobodan Milosevic. game, and it is directly contributing to the dis occupation. It was also the place the Serbian The human rights abuses in Kosovo are officials pointed to when they told human solution of the country. Milosevic's efforts to rights .investigators that ethnic Albanians well documented. In its "Country Reports on carve greater Serbia out of today's Yugoslavia were not being repressed. Human Rights Practices for 1990," the Depart are leading to blood and destruction. "It is the center of our culture and spirit," ment of State reported the following: While we monitor developments in Croatia said Jusuf Buxhovi, a leading politician and In the Province of Kosovo, Serbian au and Slovenia, Milosevic proceeds with his war historian. thorities continued and intensified repres against the ethnic Albanians in Kosovo. I want At the end of June, Serbia's government in sive measures that featured in 1990 thou to share with my colleagues in the House the Belgrade took direct control of the univer sands of political arrests, tens of thousands sity and replaced its rector with a non-Alba of politically motivated job dismissals, and following article that appeared in the Washing nian, who has begun firing Albanian profes widespread police violence against ethnic Al ton Post July 15 concerning the latest devel sors. According to Gazmend Pula, an Alba banians. This violence included the use of ex opments in Kosovo. nian engineering science professor and mem cessive force by the police to disperse peace SERBIANS PRESSING ETHNIC ALBANIANS IN ber of the Yugoslav Helsinki Watch Commit ful demonstrators, including random and at UNEASY Kosovo tee, about 30 of the university's most promi times unprovoked shooting by police, result (By Peter Maass) nent Albanian professors were fired last week, and more dismissals are expected. ing in at least 30 deaths and hundreds of in PRISTINA, YUGOSLAVIA.-Serbia, the domi jured. Serbian officials announced that the uni nant republic of the Yugoslav federation, is versity's name is to be changed, and they say Amnesty lnternational's rep<;>rt is equally crit bolstering a crackdown on ethnic Albanians it probably will be named after St. Sava, a ical of Serbian violations of human rights in in Kosovo by sending more security forces Serb. It is a gesture that Albanians view as that province. into the volatile province and excluding stu an intentional insult, an act of what one pro The chief architect of the problems in dents and professors from the main univer fessor calls "Serbian triumphalism." Some Kosovo is Milosevic. As a crypto Communist sity here, according to Serbian officials. Albanian-language books are said to have and Serbian nationalist, he is determined to Although Croatia and Slovenia have cap been removed from the library shelves. tured international attention, Kosovo is also "Tensions have been running very high and rebuild the Serbian Kingdom of old at the ex an ethnic hotbed of antiSerbian sentiment pense of ethnic Albanians and other groups. will be even higher in September," said Pula, and could become a second front if full referring to the start of the school year. "If In response to ethnic Albanian efforts toward fledged combat occurs in the northern repub this trend continues, it won't be long until self-determination in 1990, Milosevic dissolved lics. Ethnic Albanians here are just as deter things explode into an open conflict." the 188-member Provincial Assembly, took mined as the Croats and Slovenes to find a Igic, the Serbian socialist, said the changes over the organs of the Kosovo Assembly and way out of Serbian-dominated Yugoslavia, are part of a "rationalization" program shut down Albanian language news media. He but they are far weaker, politically and mili aimed at bringing the university closer into tarily. the Serbian educational system. Asked if the cruelly suppressed the ethnic Albanians in Serbia's moves appeared to be aimed at Kosovo, who represent over 90 percent of the shifts amount to a stepped-up Serbianization stemming secessionist pressures in a prov of Kosovo, he replied, "Absolutely." province's population, arresting hundreds and ince where the vast majority clearly is dis The moves come at the end of a decade killing many in the process. Thousands later satisfied with the status quo. long crackdown in which more than 80 ethnic lost their jobs, becoming second-class citizens Zivorad lgic, a senior official of the ruling Albanians have been killed and 11,000 sen in their own land. The provinces of Kosovo Socialist Party of Serbia, said additional tenced to jail terms, according to Helsinki and Vojvodina lost their autonomous status in forces and police have entered Kosovo since Watch, a human rights group. A Special Cir clear violation of the Yugoslav Constitution the independence declarations by Croatia cumstances Law passed by the Serbian As and Slovenia last month, although he would and were absorbed by Serbia against their sembly in June 1990 created an undeclared not say how many or from what units. state of emergency, according to a Helsinki people's wishes. Armed patrols and roadblocks have in Watch report, and led to the disbandment of Milosevic cleverly engineered a deadlock in creased, becoming as prevalent as stop signs the Kosovo legislature a few days later. the Federal Presidency in May by blocking a and traffic lights, according to ethnic Alba In practical terms, that meant the end of Croat, Stipe Mesic, from assuming the presi nians here in Kosovo. Kosovo's autonomous status within the Ser dency. Milosevic also exercises significant in [In Croatia, the Associated Press reported bian republic. Serbians now run the local fluence over the Yugoslav Federal Army. As from Zagreb, the republic's militia and Ser government, the police force and virtually Jacques Bacic recently reported in the New bian militants battled Sunday in clashes all key factories and businesses, according to that left at least two dead and many wound Serbians and Albanians. More than 70,000 York Times, "Under Milosevic, the Yugoslav ed in the Banija region, about 30 miles south ethnic Albanians have been fired from their People's Army whose officer corps is predomi of the Croatian capital. jobs, said Pula of Helsinki Watch. nantly Serbian, and other Federal institutions [The violence came after the federal gov The roots of the Kosovo conflict extend far lost their all-Yugoslav orientation." In addition ernment, Croatia and Slovenia gave final ap- into the past, which is the direction many
•This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18791 Yugoslavs look at when discussing modern Mr. Speaker, family reunions offer a special week for the 32d year in a row, we look for problems. Serbians regard Kosovo as their time for families to come together for celebra ward to the day when this commemoration will historical heartland, the seat of a great me tion and renewal of the ties that bind them. Al be a thing of the past. dieval kingdom that Serbian children learn though the Bagley family has endured trials about in grade school. Even though Alba Despite the great strides in recent years, we and tribulations over the years, the family has nians have lived here for centuries, and few must remember the people of those nations maintained their love, devotion, and commit Serbs now call it home, Kosovo is portrayed still under the heel of totalitarian communism. as inseparable from Serbia. ment to one another. I am certain that the re "Everybody is free to leave but nobody is union will be a very special and joyous occa Leading the list is the Soviet Union whose going to take an inch of Serbian land," said sion. people have made some progress in recent lgic. Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to join years to break free of communism. Within the Because Serbia's Slavic grip is tightening with me in extending best wishes to the entire Soviet Union, are many nations which were il rather than loosening, the Albanians are Bagley family for a successful and heart legally incorporated into its borders by force. looking for a way out. Local leaders say pub lic opinion has swung firmly behind the idea warming family reunion. Chief among these are the Baltic States of of secession from Yugoslavia to unite with Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Albania, which is no longer Stalinist. A TRIBUTE TO ALBERT VANN These States were seized by force over 50 The Democratic Union of Kosovo, the larg years ago, as a result of the infamous Hitler est Albanian political party, says it want to avoid mass protests that could be crushed by HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS Stalin pact signed in 1939. This pact which launched the world into its most destructive Serbian armed forces. Party leaders are OF NEW YORK seeking international pressure on Serbia to war was also responsible for the division of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ease the repression and prevent a potential Eastern Europe into spheres of influence be disaster for their people. Wednesday, July 17, 1991 tween history's two most despicable dictators. The crackdown has raised new tensions be Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to tween Serbia and Albania, which borders on The borders set by this pact, at least on the Kosovo. The Albanian government has ac recognize the outstanding achievements and Russian side, are one of the few legacies left cused Serbia of planning genocide. This contributions of Albert Vann, a man who has behind by Nazi Germany's policies. been involved in the field of education for 15 month Albania sent protests letters to the Soviet troops seized these small independ European Community, the permanent mem years as an administrator, counselor, and bers of the U.N. Security Council and to the teacher. ent nations in June 1940 and continue to oc 35-nation Conference on Security and Co Assemblyman Vann has played an impor cupy them today. Despite declaration of inde operation in Europe. tant role not merely in teaching, but in estab pendence and referendums in all three of the The Serbian government responded a few lishing schools as well. He played key roles in Baltic Republics, Soviet troops continue to days ago by accusing Albania of trying to establishing both the Boys and Girls Memorial harass the freedom loving people of this area. provoke an armed conflict and capture Even after the Hitler-Stalin pact was declared Kosovo, saying minorities in Serbia enjoy High School and Medgar Evers College in freedoms unparalleled anywhere else in the Brooklyn. illegal by the Commission of the Congress of world. Serbian authorities also accused Alba Elected to the New York Assembly in 1975, People's Deputies of the Soviet Union in 1989, nia of beefing up its border forces and start the Assemblyman continues to be a prominent the suppression of these independent states ing an exchange of rifle fire with Yugoslav and highly respected leader in the fight for has continued. soldiers early last week. educational gains and minority rights. He was It is estimated that in Estonia there is one Albania leaders in Pristina say they will recently elected to his seventh term as chair Soviet soldier for every five civilians. In Latvia, look to Albania for political and military man of the New York State Black and Puerto support if, as they fear, Serbian or federal 1 in every 1O people is estimated to be part troops initiate violent hostilities. Rican Legislative Caucus. Through this body he successfully fought the racial gerrymander of the Soviet military. Even before the violence "We will wait for our cha.nee," said Avni carried out by Soviet forces in January, Lithua Spahiu, foreign editor of the Albanian-lan ing of the New York City Council districts in guage newspaper Rilindja, which was closed 1981 and forced the adoption of a redistricting nia was home to at least 100,000 Soviet · last year by Serbia along with Kosovo's Al plan that dramatically increased minority rep troops as well as 10,000 Soviet Interior Min banian-language broadcasting. "We are for resentation on the council. istry troops and 5,000 paratroopers. This is dialogue and a peaceful solution. But in the Al Vann has also been influential in the na concrete proof, that despite the United States' end, if this terror continues, we will have to tional and New York City political arenas. In longstanding policy of not recognizing Soviet defend ourselves." 1984 he served as vice-chairman of the New sovereignty over the Baltic countries, Estonia, York State Democratic Convention in San Latvia, and Lithuania remain occupied by So A SALUTE TO THE BAGLEY Francisco. In 1989 he played a key role in the v:et troops. election of David Dinkins as the first African FAMILY REUNION One thing gives us hope that the Baltic American Mayor of New York City. countries, as well as the other captive nations, Al's vast influence in the New York State will soon join Eastern Europe in breaking free HON. LOUIS STOKES Assembly is reflected in the importance of his OF OHIO committee assignments. As chairman of the of the yoke of communist oppression. And that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Assembly's Children and Families Committee is that despite 50 years of oppression, the his Wednesday, July 17, 1991 and a member of the Health, Education, and tory of the Baltic States shows that no govern Ways and Means Committees, Mr. Vann has ment can stamp out the natural human desire Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, the tradition of been successful in enacting numerous legisla to be free and independent. family unity reaches back to our earliest mo tive measures to help New York residents. ments as a people, and it lives on in all the We look forward to that day when the tide I salute Al Vann's lifelong committment to many cultures we embrace today. From July of freedom will inevitably wash over all the education and to serving the residents of New captive nations. We ask that President Bush 18-21, 1991, the Bagley family reunion will be York State. · held in Calverton, MD. This marks the third re and the other leaders meeting this week work union of the descendants of William Albert and toward hastening that goal. Let us hope that Georgia Ogburn Bagley. I am proud to salute CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK 1991 A next year at this time we will be celebrating the Bagley family on this important occasion. LOOK FORWARD the freedom of all the nations once held cap More than 100 family members will travel tive by communism. from as far away as Denver, CO, to attend the HON. ILEANA ROS.LEHTINEN Bagley reunion, which is being hosted by fam OF FLORIDA ily members in Washington, DC, Maryland and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Virginia. The theme for the celebration is "Family Unity." During the reunion, special Wednesday, July 17, 1991 recognition will be given Claudine Booker, the Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, as we most senior member of the family. commemorate Captive Nations Week this 18792 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 THE NAVY AND U.S.-FLAG SEA shipment of her cargo to other ships. Despite colleagues to read Robyn's essay and to take LIFT FLEETS AND HO SPITAL these impediments, the movement of the en her words to heart. As we continue our work SHIPS IN DESERT SHIELD/STORM tire division over the 8,700 miles to Saudi in the House of Representatives, each one of AS REPORTED BY THE NAVY Arabian ports was completed by 23 Septem ber, only six weeks from the time the first us can be inspired by her eloquence and her LEAGUE vehicle was put aboard. And during the wisdom. movement of troops, vehicles, and equipment DEMOCRACY-THE VANGUARD OF FREEDOM HON. C~ E. BENNETI from Europe during Phase II of the build-up, (By Robyn R. Juba, Colorado winner, 1990/91 OF FLORIDA mariners had to cope with the normal bitter VFW Voice of Democracy Scholarship Pro winter conditions of northern Europe, which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gram) included below-freezing temperatures, 50--ro Up until a few nights ago, I honestly didn't Wednesday, July 17, 1991 knot gales, and 30-foot seas. think too much about the word "democ An overwhelming success in all respects Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, the Navy racy". I came home from school one day and was the first use of the 13 Maritime I sat down on the couch and turned on the League's report "The Sea Services' Role in Prepositioning Ships, all of which were com Desert Shield/Storm" contains a section on T.V.; something that I usually do when I pleted and loaded with equipment for Marine come home from school and there was a the importance of the Navy and U.S.-flag sea expeditionary brigades from 1984-1986 but woman crying about her son. Her son was in lift fleets and the Navy's two hospital ships. had not been used except in limited exer the reserves and being sent over to Saudi The entire report will be printed in the Septem cises. The five ships of MPS Squadron TWO Arabia, and I felt really bad for her. Then, it ber issue of the Navy League's Sea Power arrived at Saudi Arabian ports from Diego hit me. I don't know why it took me so long, magazine . . Garcia on 15 August, and by 25 August the but I thought, we're helping to win another 7th Marine Expeditionary Brigade, whose country's freedom. Winning freedom. Hmm. THE SEA SERVICES' ROLE IN DESERT SIIlELD/ personnel had been flown to the Middle East, STORM Something I never really concentrated on had been linked up with its equipment and unless I was studying for a history test. I Sealift: When the Desert Shield build-up was ready for combat-the first heavy began to think about all the things that I commenced, that aspect of the operation ground combat capability in theater. The couldn't do if America wasn't a free country. which initially was criticized the most was four ships of MPS Squadron THREE from I couldn't write editorials in the school sealift. However, that criticism was for the Guam were close behind, and during Phase II newspaper as I do now. I couldn't choose my most part focused on the absence of enough the four ships of MPS Squadron ONE, which college major. I couldn't even drive into the immediately available sealift assets to move sailed in Atlantic waters, were deployed to next state. What would happen to Oprah Army and Air Force equipment to the Middle the combat theatre. Delivering all of the Winfrey? Then, once I started to think about East more rapidly. Even so, Gen. Colin Pow equipment those ships contained to the 45,000 all of this, I began to think about the trip ell, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, men of the 1st Marine Division would have my ancestors made for freedom. They risked would testify before Congress in December taken 2,100 flights of giant C-5 aircraft, the so much; possible starvation and disease, that the first phase of the build-up was com largest U.S. transport aircraft. even death, to be free. What a trip to make! pleted a month earlier than expected. But by Backing up these ships were 12 Afloat But can you imagine how beautiful the Stat the time the ground campaign began, at Prepositioning Ships (Prepo) based in Diego ue of Liberty must have looked to them? which time the necessary ground forces were Garcia, which contained ordnance, supplies, They were free at last. in place, the Military Sealift Command had and fuel for the Army and the Air Force and I really felt guilty after thinking of all of utilized 21 chartered U.S.-flag ships, 162 for a field hospital which was in place and oper this and the many freedoms that I have all eign charters, and 106 ships of its own to ating only 16 days after being offloaded from too often taken for granted. move 2,424,700 short tons of dry cargo and the 450 international containers in which it So now I have this wonderful sense of ammunition to the Middle East in 551 lifts. was stored. The presence of all 25 pride. On Monday morning when we said The It also had moved with its own tankers mil prepositioned ships, with their invaluable as Pledge of Allegiance, instead of concentrat lions of tons of POL within theater. Interest semblage of cargo vital to combat oper ing on my test that hour, I concentrated on ingly, only 4.4 percent of all cargo moved ations, in relatively nearby waters and ready every single word of the Pledge. I realized was for naval forces. Another 600,000 short for immediate deployment to this particular that I was getting louder and louder and a tons of containerized cargo was lifted by crisis area, clearly justified beyond all doubt few people were looking at me kind of funny, U.S.-flag container ships. The movement of the concept that had led to their procure but I didn't care. I'm free; that's all that I cargoes originated in 19 U.S. ports and 22 in ment and creation and undoubtedly made could think of. foreign countries; they included everything mandatory the future construction and To think that we have set such an example from helicopters to howitzers to hospitals, equipping of additional ships for use by the for other countries. Everywhere you turn from tanks that had to be moved hurriedly Army. America's either trying to win freedom in from Europe or else be destroyed under an Also used for the first time were the another country, or we're watching walls arms-control agreements to minesweepers Navy's two hospital ships, Mercy (TAH 19) come down. Personally, I think that I'm liv moved by heavy-lift ship. Ships utilized and Comfort (TAH 20) based on the west and ing in a phenomenal time. Much of the world ranged from just-completed Henry J. Kaiser east coasts respectively. Underway within 5 is taking a closer look at democracy and see class tankers to one 45 years old, from the days of the order for their deployment, they ing how great it really is. eight fast-sealift ships, which carried 13 per were active in theater by 23 September. After thinking of all of this, I know that I cent of all cargo moved, to 74 ships activated Thankfully, at no time did these 1,000-bed can do anything that I want to. I can choose from the Ready Reserve Force, most with floating hospitals, with their tremendous any career and travel just about anywhere to relatively ancient steam-propulsion plants medical support systems, have to be used to pursue that career. that required equally ancient mariners re anywhere near the full capacity for treating So I think that I'll continue to say the called from civilian life, one of whom was 83, those wounded and injured in combat. Pledge of Allegiance as loud as I have been. to operate them. Of particular note was the Who knows? Maybe someone else might real shortage of roll-on/roll-off ships needed for ly start to think about the word "democ rolling stock. Only 17 were in the RRF; as a ROBYN JUBA-PROUD TO BE AN racy". consequence, 47 were chartered, 41 ·from al AMERICAN lied-flag shipping companies. Although the media often focused on the length of time required to load ships and sail HON. BEN NIGHTIIO~E CAMPBEil SPORTSMEN NEED PUBLIC LANDS them to the Middle East, they rarely de OF COLORADO FOR WILDLIFE HABITAT scribed conditions attendant to both loading IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and sailing that resulted in unanticipated Wednesday, July 17, 1991 HON. RICHARD T. SCHUllE delays. For example, in Savannah, where OF PENN SLYV ANIA commencing on 11 August the equipment of Mr. CAMPBELL of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Army's 24th Mechanized Division was rise today to share with my .colleagues an loaded aboard the eight fast-sealift ships, essay by one of my constituents, Robyn Juba. Wednesday, July 17, 1991 only two berths were available for loading, and these frequently were unavailable for as In March, Robyn was declared the Colorado Mr. SCHULZE. Mr. Speaker, as chairman of much as six hours a day because of tide con winner of the Veterans of Foreign Wars' Voice the Congressional Sportsmen's Caucus in the ditions and ramp angles. Further, one of the of Democracy Broadcast Scriptwriting Pro House of Representatives, I, along with my FSS broke down halfway across the Atlantic gram. I wish to congratulate Robyn on this caucus member colleagues, have been con and had to be towed to Rota for trans- outstanding achievement and to also urge my cerned about the intensified attack by the July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18793 antisportsman groups to eliminate hunting and marily fearful of injury to people and prop mandatory, not optional, condition prece trapping on Federal lands, and, more recently, erty in the vicinity, although some individ dent for suit." 110 S.Ct. at 309. For this on national wildlife refuges. With the material uals apparently share the Humane Society's Court's purposes, the holding of Hallstrom is loss of wildlife habitat, our Nation's sportsmen abhorrence of animal hunting generally. equally clear, and plaintiffs make no effort Plaintiffs bring this action under an array to distinguished Hallstrom. need access to public lands in order to have of federal statutes respecting the Nation's ESA clearly states that "written notice" a quality hunting experience where the renew wilderness assets. Each statute cited imposes of the violation must be given to the Sec able wildlife resources are managed properly, some obligation or duty upon inter alia, the retary and to the violator as a condition where hunting pressure is controlled and safe Secretary and the Service, of which defend precedent to suit. It was not given here. A ty is a paramount concern. Our National Wild ants' decision to open the Refuge to deer party's "comment," submitted to an agency life Refuge System offers thousands of men, hunting, according to plaintiffs, arguably in the course of a rule-making, does not con women and young people possibly their only places them in breach. If, for example, bald stitute for formal per-suit notice required opportunity to pursue their sporting heritage. eagles should be adversely affected by the bvy ESA, no matter how vehemently it may hunt, accidentally or otherwise, the defend have conveyed the party's intention to go to Such uses of wildlife refuges are certainly not ants will have been accomplices to a viola court if the rule ultimately adopted were not incompatible with the purpose and intent of tion of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection to its liking. Count IV of the complaint will the National Wildlife Refuge System estab Act of 1940, 16 U.S.C. §§668-668d. So also with be dismissed. lished more than 85 years ago. respect to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of II I was extremely pleased to note that such 1918, 16 U.S.C. §§703-712. The Endangered Spe Other counts in the complaint, however, compatibility determination was recently recog cies Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1531-1544, re are based on the Refuge Recreation Act of nized in Federal litigation where the Humane quires all federal agencies to "conserve" en 1982, 16 U.S.C. §460k; the National Wildlife Society of the United States sued the Depart dangered species. The hunt, plaintiffs say, Refuge System Administration Act of 1966, will actually place bald eagles in jeopardy, ment of Interior to ban whitetail deer hunting 16 U.S.C. §§668dd~ee; the National Envi not "conserve" them. Moreover, plaintiffs on the 2,300 acre Mason Neck Wildlife Refuge ronmental Policy Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ allege defendants' finding that the hunt will and a FWS regulation. "Agency action" al in Fairfax County, VA. The opinion of the court have no "significant" environmental impact provides a thorough and thoughtful analysis of leged to be in contravention of those stat is simply wrong. It most assuredly will have utes is presumably amenable to judicial re the parameters the Fish and Wildlife Service such an impact-on deer, on eagles, and pos view under the Administrative Procedure employs in determining whether or not hunting sibly on people and property-and, thus, the Act, 5 U.S.C. §706(2)(A) ("APA"). The parties is a compatible use of a given refuge. I com decision contravenes the National Environ have cross-moved for summary judgment on mend its reading to my distinguished col mental Policy Act of 1970, 42 U.S.C. §§4321- these remaining counts. leagues: 4335, by the absence of an environmental im In reviewing the FWS' decision to open the pact statement in the administrative record Mason Neck Refuge to deer hunting, the [U.S. District Court for the District of compiled in conjunction with the rule-mak Columbia, Civil Action No. 89-2772) Court is, of course, obliged to apply the APA ing process resulting in the decision to im standard of review, VIZ., whether the agency THE HUMANE SOCIETY OF THE UNITED STATES, plement the hunt. acted "arbitrarily or capriciously, commit ET AL., PLAINTIFFS.. v. MANUEL LUJAN, JR., I. ted an abuse of discretion, or acted otherwise ET AL., DEFENDANTS The Secretary and FWS have moved to dis not in accordance with law." 5 U.S.C. MEMORANDUM AND ORDER miss Count IV of the complaint on proce §706(2)(A).s As always under the APA, the re This case is brought by a public interest dural grounds. Count IV purports to assert a viewing court is expected to limit itself to organization, the Humane Society of the direct cause of action under the Endangered the contents of the administrative record.a United States, and various coalitions of Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. §§1531-1544 Camp v. Pitts, 411 U.S. 138 (1973). The review homeowner/citizens, against the United ("ESA"), the statute imposing the general ing court is also not to substitute its judg States Secretary of the Interior and the Di obligation upon federal departments and ment for that of the agency. It is simply to rector of the Fish and Wildlife Service agencies to "conserve" endangered species of ascertain whether the agency has examined ("FWS" or "the Service") to prevent the im wildlife, 16 U.S.C. §1531(a)(l). The bald eagle the relevant data and articulated a satisfac plementation of defendants' decision to per is an endangered species, and ESA makes it tory explanation for its actions, including a mit limited public deer hunting on a na unlawful for anyone to "take" a specimen of rational connection between the facts found tional wildlife refuge in Fairfax Couty, Vir such species, 16 U.S.C. § 1532(a)(l)(B). It also and the choice made. Only a "clear error of ginia. The case is now before the Court on provides expressly for its enforcement by judgment" may be set aside. Motor Vehicle the parties' dispositive cross-motions for "citizen" civil suits commenced by "any per Manufacturers Assoc. v. State Farm Mutual final judgment on the record, having been son" against any other person, including the Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983) (quotation preceded by some evidentiary proceedings in United States and its officials, to enjoin its marks and citations omitted). open court on plaintiffs' several attempts to violation. 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g)(l)(A). The final The National Wildlife Refuge System Ad obtain preliminary injunctive relief.7 For the rule, the plaintiffs allege, does nothing to ministration Act of 1966, 16 U.S.C. §§668dd-ee, reasons to follow, the Court will deny plain "conserve" the endangered bald eagles; to and the Refuge Recreation Act of 1962, 16 tiffs' motion and grant the defendants' mo the contrary, it poses a significant danger U.S.C. §460k, authorize the Secretary of the tion, dismissing the complaint with preju that bald eagles will be "taken," even if in Interior to permit "appropriate incidental or dice. advertently. secondary use(s)" of wildlife refuges, even In August, 1989, the FWS issued a final "Citizen suits" to enforce the ESA, how though "recreational" in character, includ rule, 54 Fed. Reg. 36032 (Aug. 31, 1989), open ever, are required by the Act itself to be pre ing hunting, which are "compatible with, ing the Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge ceded by at least 60 days' written notice of and will not prevent accomplishment of, the ("the Refuge") for deer hunting during the the violation to the Secretary and to the primary purpose for which the[Se] areas fall hunting season in Virginia. The Refuge, "alleged violator" (in this case, presumably were established." 16 U.S.C. §§460k, 668dd(d). comprising approximately 2300 acres of the FWS). 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g)(2)(A). Defend The applicable regulation provides that any Mason Neck, an 8000-acre peninsula on the ants assert that plaintiffs failed to give the action the Secretary takes must be "consist south shore of the Potomac River 18 miles required 60-day pre-suit notice before com ent with principles of sound wildlife manage downstream from Washington, D.C., was es mencing this action; indeed, they have yet to ment, and must otherwise be in the public tablished in 1969 as a habitat and sanctuary give it. Plaintiffs respond that their an interest." 50 C.F.R. 32.1. for bald eagles. It has been altogether closed nounced intention to sue, made in the com The parties are in voluble disagreement as to hunting for the first 20 years of its exist ments they submitted to FWS during the no to how to ascertain whether a secondary use ence. The decision in 1989 to open it to deer tice-and-comment period of the rulemaking of a wildlife refuge is "compatible" with its hunting was impelled, in principal part, by in opposing the idea of a hunt, sufficed as no primary purpose.7 Plaintiffs postulate the FWS' desire to find an expedient to control tice to the Secretary and FWS that litiga existence of an "almost absolute presump the Refuge's burgeoning white-tailed deer tion would be forthcoming if the final rule tion" against secondary uses of wildlife ref population. were adopted. uges, a phrase derived from the case of De The Humane Society questions the legit In Hallstrom v. Tillamook County, 493 U.S. fenders of Wildlife v. Administrator, Environ imacy of the Service's justification for the 20, 110 S.Ct. 304 (1989), however, the Supreme mental Protection Agency, 685 F. Supp. 1334, hunt, as well as its refusal to acknowledge Court interpreted a similar statutory pre 1355 (D. Minn. 1988), aff'd in relevant part, 882 the potential for harm to the wildlife species suit notice requirement, observing that the F.2d 1294, 1299-1301 (8th Cir. 1989). They also to which the Refuge is dedicated, the bald statutory provision "could not be clearer." cite an earlier decision of another judge of eagle. The homeowner organizations are pri- The Supreme Court continued to hold that, this district court in Defenders of Wildlife v. by the literal language of the statute, "com Andrus, No. 78-1220 (D.D.C. July 14 & Aug. 18, Footnotes at end of article. pliance with the 60-day notice provision is a 1978) ("Ruby Lake"), permanently enjoining 18794 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 the FWS from permitting recreational land areas, away from the eagles' preferred ery hunts and the 1990 shotgun hunt which the Court motorboating at the Ruby Lake National roosting sites near the river shore. The sin permitted to go forward while the case was pending. 7 Wildlife Refuge in Nevada. The Ruby Lake gle extant eagles' nest would be cir The ADA states that secondary uses of wildlife refuges may be regarded as " compatible" with their court declared that the " burden of proof is cumscribed by a buffer zone in which neither primary purposes 1f they would (1) " not prevent ac 1 necessarily on [the Service) to demonstrate hunting nor transit would be permitted. 0 complishment of," (2) are " not inconsistent with," that [recreational) use is incidental to, com And boundaries would be fixed, and well or (3) "will not interfere with" the primary pur patible with, and does not interfere with the marked, to keep hunters away from dwell pose." 16 U.S.C. §460(k). The term is not otherwise, primary purpose of the refuge," and that the ings and roads adjacent to the Refuge.11 See, however, further statutorily defined. RRA " does not permit [FWSJ to weigh or generally, AR 25-42. 8The Ruby Lake Refuge's " primary purpose" was balance . . . recreational interest against This Court need only conclude that the to serve as a breeding ground and sanctuary for mi gratory birds, principally waterfowl. [that) purpose." Defenders of Wildlife v. agency took account of the relevant factors, 9 Plaintiffs actually find nothing about the deci Andrus, No. 78-1210, slip op. at 9 (D.C.C. July and that the decision was not arbitrary and sion to allow the hunt to be defensible. Not only is 14, 1978).S capricious, in order to sustain it. FWS ap the ostensible justification offered for it specious, Defendants reject plaintiffs' suggestion pears to have done as it was obliged to do they contend, but the precautions taken by FWS that anything resembling a formal " pre here, as this district court has concluded in against injuries to persons or property are inad sumption" against secondary uses is to be other cases challenging similar decisions by equate or futile; the disturbance of the bald eagles' found in the legislation. They submit that the Service to open other wildlife refuges to tranquility, not to mention their health, a virtual certainty; and the hunt as a means to an end, i.e., a the Act requires only that the Secretary deer hunting. See Friends of Animals, Inc. v. reduction of the deer herd, as cruel as it is ineffi make a "finding" that the proposed second Hodel, Civil Action 88-2978 (D.D.C. November cient. ary use is "compatible" with the primary 10, 1988) (Supawna Meadows, New Jersey); 10 Several studies contained in the record suggest purpose of the Refuge, as he has in this case, Humane Society of United States v. Clark, Civil that any human presence, and, in particular, gun and this Court must review that finding Action 84-3630, slip op. at 8-12 (D.D.C. Janu fire, disturb eagles, causing them to "flush'', or fly under the familiar inhibitions of APA re ary 27, 1987), aff'd in pertinent part, reversed on out of their roosts and flee from the disturbance. At view. See Humane Society of the United States other grounds sub nom. Humane Soceity of the preliminary injunction hearing in November, 1990, the Court received extrinsic evidence regarding v. Modal, 840 F.2d 45 (D.C. Cir. 1988); Friends United States v. Hodel, 840 F.2d 45 (D.C. Cir. eagles' sensitivity to the presence of humans, and it of Animals, Inc. v. Modal, Civil Action No. 88- 1988) (Chincoteague, Virginia). concurred with the Secretary's finding that the 2978 (D.D.C. Nov. 10, 1988). As was true in those cases, this con shotgun hunt would not unduly disturb the eagles. The Service has contended throughout troversy, too, it appears, is animated pri Experience with the 1990 shotgun hunt has not dis these proceedings that the hunt is actually marily by the plaintiffs fundamental philo proved that conclusion. part of an overall "refuge management sophical and public policy disagreement with 11 Plaintiffs contend that the proximity of private plan," and that the hunt will, in fact, further the government over the wisdom and perhaps dwellings to the Refuge, as well as a major thor oughfare which is traversed daily by school buses, the primary purpose of the Refuge in provid the morality, of the sanctioned killing of makes the hunt inordinately dangerous to humans. ing an authentic natural habitat for bald ea wild game on public lands ironically denomi Plaintiffs assert that the buffer zones which the gles. FWS asserts that deer overpopulation nated a "wildlife refuge." Neither wisdom FWS has established are inadequate to assure safe in the Refugre is causing its degradation; ex nor morality, however, is countenanced as a ty, because shotgun blasts can, according to plain cessive browsing has shorn away much ground upon which this court may substitute tiffs, travel distances in excess of the buffer zones, ground level new growth. Plaintiffs argue its judgment as to the proper uses to be and because certain hunters will "inevitably" either that the relevant data on the deer popu made of the Refuge for that of the defend not see or will ignore the markers delineating the buffer zones. lation at Mason Neck is too sparse, dated, ants, even were it wholly in sympathy with As the Court observed upon its own visit to the and sporadic to provide a reliable indication plaintiffs. premises of the hunt, the hunt area is separated of the size of the deer herd. Further, because For the foregoing reasons, therefore, it is, from homes and from the road by buffer zones of a deer are nomadic and can be found through this 18th day of June, 1991. minimum of 275 and 100 yards, respectively. The out the Mason Neck peninsula, including Ordered, that plaintiffs' motion for sum boundaries are well-marked by swatches of brightly other parklands adjacent to the Refuge, it is mary judgment is denied; and it is colored material every several yards, each visible far from certain that reducing the herd in Further ordered, That defendants' to dis from its nearest neighbor. Additionally, all hunters wishing to participate in the hunt must attend a digenous to or found in the Refuge itself will miss and motion for summary judgment is safety orientation session. solve the problem of overbrowsing. The hunt granted, and this case is dismissed with prej It is possible t hat some hunters may disregard the may not, therefore, significantly reduce the udice. markers or disrespect the rules, but as the Court has foraging deer population in the Refuge.e THOMAS PENFORD JACKSON, previously observed, the fact that some people will Nevertheless, the administrative record re District Judge. break the rules does not demonstrate the folly of promulgating such rules in the first place. And flects that the FWS has monitored the deer FOOTNOTES presence in the Refuge since the 1970's by again, experience with the 1990 shotgun hunt is reas 1 See Memorandum and Order of November 6, 1990, suring. several methods, all of which, flawed or not, the findings and conclusions of which are adopted showed it to be steadily increasing. By 1988 and incorporated herein. the size of the herd was estimated to be 2 To " take" a species is, inter alia, "harass" or roughly double the number the land area "harm" it in any way, not merely to shoot, kill, or A SALUTE TO FRANCESCO could comfortably support. Inspection of the capture it. 16 U.S.C. §1532(19). CANTARELLA vegetation reinforced the population esti 3 The Hallstrom case proceeded under the Resource mates; browsing to excess was, at least in Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 42 U.S.C. the Service's opinion, apparent, to knowl §6972 ("RCRA"), but the Supreme Cour t itself noted HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS that the ESA notice provision would have compelled OF NEW YORK edgeable observers. Examination of deer car a similar result. 110 S. Ct. at 307, n.l. casses disclosed evidence of malnutrition, a 4 Defendants also move to dismiss those counts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sign, the Service said, that the deer, as well charging violations of the Bald and Golden Eagle Wednesday, July 17, 1991 as the flora upon which they fed, were suffer Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. §§668--668d ("BGEPA") ing as a result of their overabundance. (Count Ill), and the Migratory Bird Treat y Act, 16 Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to Having concluded that the deer population U.S.C. §§703--712 ("MBTA" ) (Count V), neither of pay tribute to Francesco Cantarella. which provide expressly for private causes of action. must be reduced, the record shows, the FWS Plaintiffs respond that they are really proceeding in After obtaining a B.A. from Bard College did give thought to alternative means of Counts III and V via the Administrative Procedure and an M.S. from Columbia School of Journal doing so. Trapping and transportation were Act, 5 U.S.C. §706(2)(A), as a party aggrieved by ism, Mr. Cantarella began his working life as rejected as too time-consuming, labor-inten agency action that is "not in accordance with law," a reporter for a Newark, NJ newspaper. Fol sive, and costly, as was chemical steriliza i.e., the BGIFA and MBTA. The Court assumes with tion of the deer. The introduction of preda out deciding that plaintiffs may do so. But See De lowing a successful career as a journalist, Mr. tors was contraindicated by the proximity of fenders of Wildlife v. Administrator, Environmental Pro Cantarella changed careers to become a vice tection Agency, 882 F.2d 1294 (8th Cir. 1989). president with Chase Manhattan Bank. After human habitation. FWS was without suffi 5 See, e.g., Humane Society of United States v. Hodel , cient personnel at the Refuge to do the job 840 F .2d 45 (D.C. Cir. 1988). more than a decade of success in the financial in-house by itself. A well-controlled public 6 Although, in theory, judicial review under the industry, Mr. Cantarella joined Abraham & hunt was in its judgment, the optimum solu APA is confined to the administrative record, as a Straus in 1980. Through tireless and diligent tion. That it would simultaneously gratify practical matter in this case the administrative record has been abundantly supplemented by addi effort, he has risen to hold the office of the the desire of some local sportsmen for the vice president of Abraham & Straus, opportunity to hunt Mason Neck was merely tional filings by both sides; live testimony taken in a felicitous by-product. conjunction with plaintiffs' requests for preliminary Bloomingdales and Sterns. relief; the Court's own inspection on-site of the por In addition to his personal success, Mr. FWS then turned to the matters of the ea tions of the Refuge on which hunting has taken and gles' and public safety during the hunt. The will take place; and the prescience afforded for the Cantarella has vigorously contributed to the hunt territory was to be limited to the in- future by the actual experience with the 1989 arch- growth and development of the financial and July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18795 social of life his community. He has served on and flair, students dubbed him "Duke", after [From the Orange County Register, May 19, the board of directors of numerous organiza the legendary maestro Duke Ellington. 1991) tions including: the New York Urban Coalition; Jenkins, a native of Canton, soon returned THE BRADY BILL: IN SMALL INCREMENTS, WE to the Cleveland area, after three long enjoy the Better Business Bureau of Greater New SURRENDER FREEDOM able years in Miami. Once back in Cleveland, (By Robert J. Ringer) York; Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce. As Jenkins replaced the popular Quintet with founder and co-chair of Career Opportunities the Organ Trio. Now that Congress has jumped on the gun for Brooklyn Youth and a vital member of the It was in 1962 when the Duke Jenkins Trio control bandwagon by passing the Brady Randolph Evans Memorial Scholarship Fund began playing area hot spots. The Duke Jen Bill, and President Bush is poised to sign it, kins Trio played the Marriott and Ramada the proponents of personal disarmament are he has served as an indispensable link be almost giddy with excitement. tween business leaders and civic leaders. His Inns in Cleveland for a combined period of five years. Hard-core gun-control advocates make no efforts have forged and polished this essential During the five years that The Jenkins bones about the fact that they want all guns partnership. Because of his sincere desire to Trio performed the Cleveland area clubs, outlawed. They would prefer to accomplish improve the life chances for economically dis Duke managed to record his first album enti their end quickly, but if the only way they advantaged students, countless young people tled, "Melodies to fit your mood," which was can do it is through time-tested gradualism, have benefitsed from educational and career recorded for Lanco Records. In 1980 Duke so be it. We Americans are easygoing, even opportunities. came back with another album called "Night lackadaisical. It seems we are willing to ac Songs". quiesce to just about any kind of moral out I rise to salute this renaissance man who rage, so long as we are given enough time to has rendered significant contributions to Duke then hit the public with what was to be his final album, entitled "Something digest it. Brooklyn. New" in 1985. This was something new for In another interview, a gun-control advo Duke; to finally receive recognition as a na cate said, "If the Brady Bill keeps just one tional recording artist-a new approach. person from acting on impulse and killing JAZZ GREAT DUKE JENKINS The Duke Jenkins Trio are still performing someone, it's worth it." Says who? I contend together, and can be "experienced" Tuesday that even if the Brady Bill saved thousands HON. LOUIS STOKFS through Sunday at the Quail Hollow Inn in of lives (which it wouldn't), it still should Painsville. not be enacted. Five times as many people OF OHIO For over one quarter of a century, Duke get killed in automobile accidents as by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jen kins has been thrilling jazz lovers of all guns, but this unfortunate fact of life doesn't Wednesday, July 17, 1991 backgrounds with his smooth, melodic bari deny responsible individuals the use of auto tone voice. He has been described as being mobiles. Likewise, just because some people Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, July versatile enough to perform all phases of use guns for criminal purposes is no reason 19, 1991, citizens of Qleveland will pause to jazz, which is why he has such a loyal follow to deny prudent, honest people the right to pay tribute to one of this Nation's greatest jazz ing. own them. There seems to be an illogical as musicians, Duke Jenkins. Duke and his broth Duke and his lovely wife Christina (cred sumption in some quarters that just because er, Fred, and Ralph Jackson, who together ited with inventing the original hair weave something can be used to harm someone, it process) have two children, daughter Sheila will be used for that purpose. comprise the Duke Jenkins Trio, have become I wish the defenders of gun ownership legendary in the music field in our city. It has 42, and son Herman Jenkins, Jr. 40, and granddaughter Sheilly 19, who will be cheer would stop basing their arguments on statis been my personal pleasure to have been the ing on as the great Duke Jenkins is appre tics, which implies, through omission, that beneficiary of their friendship for many years. ciated on July 19th. they accept the moral position of the gun Additionally, they have been staunch support Duke Jenkins has been a pillar of Cleve control lobby. Instead, they should have the ers of my brother, Carl B. Stokes, during the land's jazz community since the early 1950's. courage to make their stand on moral period that he served as the mayor of Cleve He has since become a significant part of jazz grounds and let it be known that gun control land. history. Cleveland is truly richer for the mu is a freedom issue. The government simply It is indeed a great pleasure for me to share sical contributions he has made to our com has no right to forbid you to own a gun, for munity. the same reason it has no right to forbid you with my colleagues a recent article on Duke to own anything. Jenkins which appeared in the Call & Post In point of fact, the term gun control is a Showtime magazine on July 11, 1991. THE BRADY BILL: IN SMALL IN- misnomer. What advocates really mean by Mr. Speaker, I ask all my colleagues to join this term is people control. The right to bear CREMENTS, WE SURRENDER arms is not only a means of protecting one's me in paying tribute to a great musician and FREEDOM even greater human being, Duke Jenkins: life and property from other citizens; it is a last resort of defense against a repressive DUKE JENKINS TO BE HONORED AT THE government. People have learned this lesson STATLER HON. TOBY ROTH OF WISCONSIN the hard way throughout history-in Hitler's (By Tina Killings) Germany, in the Soviet Union and its east Jazz great Duke Jenkins, who is best IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ern European satellites, and, most recently, known in the Cleveland area for his appear Wednesday, July 17, 1991 in Iraq. ances with his Qunitet back in the early Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, I have here an arti Owning guns has nothing to do with crime. 1950's, and later for his television variety It has to do with preventing crime. Isn't it shows sponsored by area Dodge dealers, will cle written by author Robert Ringer that ap remarkable that there are laws preventing be honored at the Swingo's Ballroom at the peared recently in the May 19 issue of the Or law-abiding citizens from carrying "con Statler. Jenkins appeared on his variety ange County Register. cealed" weapons, yet in every city in Amer show for two years before he decided to take The article is entitled "The Brady Bill: In ica criminals walk the streets carrying such his now famous Quintet on the road. Duke Small Increments We Surrender Freedom," weapons? Thus, gun-control laws result in and his band went to Miami Beach, where and in it, Mr. Ringer speaks to us about the criminals having a one-sided advantage over they began playing at the ever popular "Har issue of gun control, and the need to protect noncriminals! ry's American Bar" inside the Eden Roe our individual freedoms against Government's Guns are a form of self-defense, and by re Hotel. The Quintet played at the Miami moving a tool of self-defense from someone, Beach Hotel for a lasting three-year engage natural tendency to restrict those freedoms. government not only violates his rights but ment. Government's attempt at gun control, Mr. endangers his life. A gun is an individual's While performing at "Harry's," the quintet Ringer points out, do not attack the problem of ultimate means of preserving his freedom. shared the spotlight with outstanding per crime. Rather, they erode the hard-won free Could there be a connection between govern formers such as, the late, great, Sammy doms secured by our Founding Fathers. What ment's increasing violation of our individual Davis Jr., musical legends, Pearl Bailey and is needed are tougher laws that hold individ rights and its stepped-up efforts toward gun Nancy Wilson, the musical and comedic tal uals responsible for their actions. Those who control? As Morgan Norval has said, "Ending ents of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, as well commit crimes should pay the price, not law violence may be the dream, but the night as the ever popular calypso sounds of Harry abiding citizens who want to exercise their mare of reality is total tyranny of the Belafonte, just to name a few. state." Duke Jenkins, born Herman Jenkins, re constitutional rights. For the media to tie their push for gun ceived the name "Duke" during his days at I commend this article to my colleagues as control legislation to tragedies like the Miami University of Ohio, while singing with we move toward consideration of the crime Stockton playground killings and accidental the campus orchestra. Because of his style bill. shootings by kids playing with their parents' 18796 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 guns is shameless. There are thousands of His entry, a Pontiac, carries the black, approached Sabates and three others about criminals doing quite nicely without guns green and gold colors of Mello Yello, number marketing a battery-powered, talking bear. raping, beating, burning, strangling, and 42, and, normally, Kyle Petty. On Saturday, Does the name Teddy Ruxpin ring a bell? smothering children. Should we outlaw Bobby Hillin Jr. will be at the wheel in the "We had one sample," Sabates said, chuck matches, handkerchiefs, and pillows, too? Or Pepsi 400 at the Daytona International ling. "And that didn't really work. All we how about just castrating the entire male Speedway, and will be until Petty recovers had to show customers was a concept. We population? The only sensible way to deal from the injuries he suffered in a crash May didn't even have a manufacturing company. with crime is through tougher crime laws 6 at the Winston 500 in Talladega, Ala. But we went out and sold $100 million in less and a system that strips criminals of most of Sabates believes in hiring people and then than six months." their rights. getting out of their way. But he always has That venture was separate from Sabates' It's nice to cheer the troops on their return his finger on the team's pulse, and he's al Top Sales Inc .. and led to Nintendo hiring from victory over a third-world potentate, ways visible, and excitable, on race day. Sabates as its Southeast representative wave American flags, and extol how wonder "I've had more highs and lows in five years when it first came to America. ful it is to live in a free country, but if the in auto racing than I've had in 25 years in "I can remember asking Walter Reich one governments can tell you what you can and the other businesses," he said, glee in his time, 'Do you think we'll ever do $5 million cannot own, what real meaning is there to voice. "Every race day you hold your breath. in [annual] sales? Now we have that in defec this so-called freedom? Every race day you experience the joy of vic tive returns," he joked. It would serve all of us well to stop being tory or the agony of defeat." Sabates decided to start his own Winston taken in by the moral droolings of Holly Felix Sabates radiates pride when he Cup team in 1988 and swore to apply the wood confuseniks and heed the words of speaks of his own father, a highly successful same business principals to stock car racing Etienne de la Boetie in the 16th century: "It Havana businessman until Castro took power that served him well at Top Sales. Sabco is incredible how as soon as a people becomes and then, piece by piece, the senior Sabates' Racing is fully computerized, and every de subject, it promptly falls into such complete empire. partment produces a profit-and-loss state forgetfulness of its freedom that it can hard Sabates' mother, four sisters and two ment. ly be roused to the point of regaining it, brothers would follow Felix to the United But even in a business where a $3-million obeying so easily and so willingly that one is States in 1963, four years after he arrived. sponsorship is not rare, and Mello Yello is led to say .. . that this people has not so Sabates' father came to the United States in one of the best sponsors, Sabates admits: much lost its liberty as won its enslave 1965. His parents, four sisters and dozens of "You'll never show a big return on your in ment." other relatives still live in Miami, while his vestment.'' brothers work for him in Charlotte. But the man who has turned $25 and two "At one point, my father had four or five boxes of cigars into millions also admits the TRIBUTE TO FELICIANO SABATES, jewelry stores in Miami," he said. "I remem return on his stock car racing investment is JR., A PRODUCT OF THE AMER ber he first rented this little hole in the wall, much more a dollar-sign bottom line. ICAN DREAM at 141 NE First St. He's 73 now, but he still "The greatest thing that's happened to me has one jewelry and two optical stores. He in auto racing is the people I've met," goes to work at 9 in the morning and works Sabates said. " They're genuine." HON. ILEANA ROS.LEHTINEN until 8 at night. And when he was 69, he took OF FLORIDA Mr. Felix Sabates is an asset to our country refresher courses to pass the boards and be and an inspiration to its citizens. He gives IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able to practice optometry." hope to the many immigrants seeking refuge Wednesday, July 17, 1991 Clearly, Sabates' zest for the business world is inherited. But beginnings get no every year in our great land of opportunity. Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, it is my humbler than those Felix endured. "My first pleasure to take this moment to tell the Nation job was in a hospital washing pots and pans," of a most inspiring citizen, Feliciano Sabates, he said. He's fond of adding that he quickly LOGISTIC CHALLENGES FOR NAVY Jr. The July 5, 1991, issue of the Miami Her got a promotion. "To washing dishes." AND DEFENSE DEPARTMENT ald featured an article about Mr. Sabates and Sabates stayed in Miami for only three PLANNERS IN DESERT SHIELD/ his struggle to the top as one of the leading days after arriving from Cuba, leaving to live STORM businessman in the United States. with an aunt and uncle in Boston and later The article is as follows: in Columbia, Mo., where he worked as a hos pital orderly before going to work selling HON. CHARLFS E. BENNETT Daytona Beach.-Feliciano Sabates, Jr., pots and pans door-to-door-while still learn OF FLORIDA then 16 and a bit rebellious, had not yet ing English. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES formed firm convictions about communism. In 1963, his mother, brother and sisters left He simply didn't like Fidel Castro. In Cuba, Cuba and settled in Lexington, N.C., through Wednesday, July 17, 1991 in 1959, that was not a healthy attitude. a Catholic Church relocation program, and Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, logistics chal "I had gotten involved with some of the for a while Sabates became their sole sup underground people," Sabates said. "I want lenges were discussed in a segment of the port. He worked as many as 80 hours a week Navy League's report "the Sea Services' Role ed to go into the mountains and fight. That's sanding furniture. how stupid I was. My father figured I'd be Later that same year, the family moved to in Desert Shield/Storm." These challenges dead ifhe didn't get me out." Charlotte. Sabates first got a job parking faced both Navy and DOD planners. This part That's why Sabates flew into Miami Inter of the report is submitted for inclusion here national Airport late that year with $25 in cars for a rental agency. Then he began sell his pocket and two boxes of cigars. ing cars. That indirectly started him on tbe and the entire report will be printed in the Sep "They wouldn't let you take money out of business path that made it possible for him tember issue of the Navy League's Sea Power the country," he said. "But everyone in Cuba to own race cars. magazine: "I made a lot of money selling cars,'' knew cigars were like cash in the United THE SEA SERVICES' ROLE IN DESERT SHIELD/ States. A man came up to me in the airport Sabates said. "But I didn't like it." One of Sabates' customers, Walter Reich, STORM and said, 'I'll give you $20 for the cigars.' I Logistics: The massive, outstandingly suc said 'I'll take $25.' " also was a Cuban immigrant, and Reich had known Sabates' father. "I asked Walter, cessful logistics effort mounted to support He was born not to become a captain of all forces during Desert Shield/Storm per freedom fighters, it turns out, but a captain 'What do you do?' He said he was a manufac of American commerce. turer's rep." That sounded good to Sabates. haps served best to emphasize the impor Today, Felix Sabates heads a Charlotte, He asked Reich to hire him. A year later tance of the leadership and organization that N.C., company that does $400 million in an Reich had an opening and obliged. characterized the Navy during the decade of nual sales. His Top Sales Inc. deals in domes Sabates' sales ability transferred easily. the 1980s and the establishment and fine-tun tic and import products ranging from Reich first gave Sabates a small percentage ing of a system which, when called upon in Nintendo games to personal care items by of the business. In 1973, Sabates bought out time of crisis, worked almost flawlessly. As Windmere, a Hialeah-based company. Reich, who was retiring. hosts of statistical data bear out, the Navy He has the country's largest dealership in One of the products Sabates reluctantly was out in front logistically from the time Hatteras yachts and sportfishing boats. He is agreed to market as the company gradually President Bush ordered U.S. forces deployed a minor partner in the NBA's Charlotte Hor grew in those early years was a game called to the Middle East and remained in front nets. And he has a zest for life and adventure Pong. The manufacturer? Atari. " I was in throughout the build-up and the ultimate that has steered him onto thunder road. volved with Atari from the beginning when conflict. You can't really call Felix Sabates a good it came to this country in 1976." The scope of the logistics effort was so ol' boy. But in three short years, he has man But the first great financial windfall for broad it almost defies being encompassed aged to fit right in on the NASCAR circuit. Sabates came when a former Atari employee into a brief commentary. However, a focus July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18797 on a few areas of diverse logistics endeavor Navy once again called on its cargo-handling A BILL TO ESTABLISH THE does make possible a better understanding of battalions, 80 percent of whom are Naval Re CURECANTI NATIONAL RECRE- what was done even before a shot was fired, servists. More than 2,400 were airlifted to ATION AREA and after hostilities began, to help bring Saudi Arabia along with 40 tons of equip about the smashing victory that ensured. ment; once there, they were moved where Long before Desert Shield began, and as a needed. It was they who made possible the HON. BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBEil result of the experience gained in the more tremendously quick link-up of Marines and OF COLORADO than 40 years of operating in Middle Eastern their combat equipment by offloading ships IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES waters and the large and lengthy naval pres of MPS squadrons TWO and THREE with ence there during the escorting of Kuwaiti amazing speed. These cargo handlers were Wednesday, July 17, 1991 tankers in 1987-1988, many steps had been used as far afield as Rota, too, where they Mr. CAMPBELL of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, taken to prepare for logistical emergencies. transshipped 24th Division equipment from last year the people who live near the Contracts had been completed for repair the disabled fast-sealift ship Antares for the work to be accomplished on battle-damage onward voyage to Saudi Arabia. In all, they Curecanti National Recreation Area [NRA] ships, if necessary in shipyards and drydocks operated out of 21 different ports. celebrated its 25th anniversary. The Curecanti in Bahrain and Dubai in the Persian Gulf To build practically anything that anyone National Recreation Area was first recognized area and in Turkey and Israel in the eastern asked for the ubiquitous and ever-responsive through an agreement between the National Mediterranean. Many fuel-supply outlets had Seabees-5,000 in all, of whom 1,000 were Park Service and the Bureau of Reclamation. been arranged for. The future use of count Naval Reservists-were called upon. They re This 40,000-acre recreation area served more less airfields and naval facilities had been sponded with the zeal for which they became coordinated. And the magnificant Saudi Ara known throughout island campaigns in the than a million visitors last year, making it one bian ports of Al Jubayl and Ad Damman on Pacific in World War II and with new tech of the most popular attractions in Colorado. the Persian Gulf were more than ready for niques as well, including the use of arches Although the area has been operating under any kind of onslaught of cargo ships. produced by automatic building machines a cooperative agreement, approved by the Meanwhile, carriers departing the United that made possible the erection of buildings Secretary of the Interior, Congress has never States were sailing routinely with 90 days of 80 percent faster than with older methods. formally recognized it, making it difficult for the aviation supplies, 75 days of provisions, 60 They built, among other things, hospitals, Park Service to secure adequate funding. days of ship supplies, 30-60 days of medical barracks, messhalls, security towers, and Today, I am introducing a bill to accomplish supplies, and 30 days of ammunition. Their parking aprons, and provided water piping escorts were supplied accordingly, as were and power lines for all. They laid 7 million this unfinished goal. other combatants headed for the Middle square feet of matting for Marine aircraft This proposal legislatively establishes the East. And combat logistics forces ships parking and taxiways, enough to cover 233 boundaries of the NRA on existing Federal (CLF) sailing with those task forces carried football fields. They moved over 3 million lands and acknowledges the recreational pur another 90 days of ship supplies and 30 more cubic yards of sand for fill and 255,000 cubic pose for which the land has been set aside. of ammunition. To support them as nec yards of select fill. The latter amount alone Recreation and tourism have become a essary Military Airlift Command channel would have required a 120-mile column of mainstay of Colorado's economy. The visita services were expanded and established, from dump trucks bumper to bumper. They used Norfolk to Bahrain in the Atlantic, from 7.7 million board feet of lumber, representing tion at federally owned and State-run recre Subic Bay in the Philippines to Al Fujayrah enough 2 by 4s to stretch from Pittsburgh to ation facilities far exceeds any original pre in the United Arab Emirates in the Pacific, Los Angeles, and 262 miles of electric wire. dictions. For instance, even at the small Rifle and from Sigonella, Sicily, to Jiddah, Saudi They created mock gun turrets and tanks to Gap Project the Government estimated that Arabia, in the Mediterranean. Additionally, deceive the enemy. But their crowning feat only 16,000 people a year would visit the "Desert Express" air service was established was the most dramatic-the construction project, yet annual visitation exceeds 100,000. from Charleston to Bahrain for the move just before the ground campaign began of 200 Fortunately, the Aspinall Unit and Curecanti ment of small, critical items of supply. At miles of four-lane highway out into the were built with more than just water storage, the time the Navy began using the 12,000-foot desert, over which Army forces would sweep runway at the ultra-modern new Al Fujayrah in their dramatic flanking move that would irrigation, and hydropower in mind. In fact, all airport, and also its vast and unused ware envelop Iraqi forces. new Army Corps of Engineers and Bureau of house, it was handling only two commercial One action that typified logisticians' inge Reclamation water projects have a significant flights a day. That situation changed quick nuity and resolve was the movement from recreation component. This area was de ly! Also used to good advantage by the am the darkness of northern Norway in Decem signed with the comfort and enjoyment of the phibious-ship armada were the Omani air ber of Field Hospital 15, which had been public in mind. It was designed to be a place field and naval facility at Masira, on the stored in caves carved out of rock along with where families could come to rest and recre other Marine Corps equipment that might Gulf of Oman. ate. To augment the 24 fleet replenishment have had to be used in event of a Soviet ships that were in constant use, 10 tankers strike against Scandinavia. The officer who Tragically, at most other recreation areas, and six other ships of MSC's Naval Fleet supervised its loading aquired the nickname the Federal Government has turned the oper Auxilary Force were used, as were sizeable of "The Arctic Camel", and in preparation ation of the areas over to the States, but has numbers of MPS and RRF ships after they for his foray into the snows had encountered not ensured an adequate level of Federal were offloaded. Seven repair ships, including a laughable bureaucratic bottleneck, name funding to maintain them. two which were veterans of World War II, ly, a reluctance on the part of supply person The legislation I have introduced will ensure Korea, and Vietnam, performed yeoman serv nel to issue cold-weather gear to one who that will never be the case at Curecanti. I have ice. One, for example, completed 10,000 repair carried orders to Saudi Arabia! also introduced the Bureau of Reclamation jobs on 30 U.S. and allied ships. Another re Defense industry, too, was responsive. On Recreation Act, H.R. 2368, to permit up to 50 turned Tripoli to full duty 6 April, just two 21 separate occasions in January 1991 the months after she has sustained severe hull Navy went to defense manufacturers and ex percent Federal cost-sharing to operate, main damage from an Iraqi mine. ercised priorities with regard to the manu tain, replace, and expand recreation facilities To ensure there were no aircraft grounded facture of equipment, weapons, and supplies associated with Federal water projects through because of shortages of engines, aircraft-re that might be required during hostilities. partnerships with non-Federal sponsors. The work facilities at Rota and Sigonella had The overall response was immediate and bill will also give the Bureau needed authority their work days extended to 20 and 24 hours postiive. And in one instance, a defense con to manage its lands for recreation, fish and tractor who had in the past manufactured a daily, respectively, seven days a week. As a wildlife, wetlands, cultural resources, and other consequence, asserted a senior Navy logisti particular item utilized frequently by naval cian, "We never came close to having a bare forces, but which he was not then building purposes, while still meeting its first mission to firewall." for the Navy (although he was for a foreign provide water. Also supporting afloat forces were over navy), elected on his own to increase the pro My Curecanti legislation accomplishes this 5,000 measurement tons of dry and frozen duction of that item-just in case. His hunch goal in accordance with section 1 of the Park provisions, ship's store stock, high-usage was right, and in time the Navy bought what Parkway, and Recreation Area Study Act of consumable items, and many bulk petroleum he had produced and contracted for more. June 23, 1936, and section 8 of the Upper Logisticians pointed out, justifiably, that items stocked in warehouses at Jiddah after Colorado River Storage Project Act [CRSP] of Desert Shield began. The provisions rep "the system was revalidated by Desert resented over two months of anticipated de Storm". Now what was needed was assurance April 11, 1956. I believe it will also gain admin mand. that there was no return to the "hollow" istration support because the Park Service To handle the tons of Marine Corps combat forces of the late 1970s which never could and the Bureau agree this legislation is nec equipment being moved to Saudi Arabia, the have accomplished these logistics feats. essary.
49-059 0-95 Vol. 137 Massachusetts, it is the smallest of the five was a seaman 1st class at the time. "My face Pedro, where they remained for 16 months. Central American countries. It is also the was mutilated. When you passed the mirrors, Then the men were sent to sea but were de most densely populated with about 400 in the skin was hanging off your face and you nied shipside duties and liberty at ports of habitants per square mile, a situation which couldn't recognize yourself. After you were call. has compounded its problems. Its soil is rich wounded, you were supposed to go home for A year later, the convicted sailors were and consequently its economy has for five leave. After we were wounded they made us quietly released from captivity and dis centuries been based on agriculture for ex go back to work. That's why I struck." charged "under honorable conditions"-a port. Small called cadence that day for the men step above dishonorable discharge, but one Nearly all scholars agree that the primary of the 4th Division. that nevertheless negated veterans' benefits. cause of El Salvador's present unrest is its "At the end of the street was a podium," No one knows how many of the Port Chi system of land domination by a small, elite he recalls. "Right was toward the parade cago 50 are alive today; only a handful have class. This long-entrenched structure was set grounds, left was toward the docks. When been accounted for. up by the Spanish conquerors of the six the lieutenant said, 'Column left!' everybody "Many of them have made their peace with teenth century and has not substantially stopped dead in his tracks. He called me up it and tried to forget it."Allen says. "Others changed since. The primary motive of the July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18801 Spanish in colonizing Central America was for field hand in the early 1960s was about 62 to terminate all military aid to El Salvador personal enrichment and this goal was pur cents a day .... Since labor on coffee planta and the day after he appealed to soldiers to sued at the expense of the native population. tions was seasonal and a peon was lucky to refuse to obey orders to kill unarmed civil At first the land was stripped of its surface get 150 days of work a year, the labor of an ians-Archbishop Romero was gunned down gold and an Indian slave trade was created. entire family for that period might yield a while saying mass. As then U.S. Ambassador However, when these sources of wealth were total yearly cash income of $300 by 1964. "l to El Salvador Robert White affirms, over quickly depleted, the Spanish turned to the Obviously this was not nearly enough to whelming evidence indicated that the assas production and export of cacao and later in provide even the basics for survival; never sination was planned by General Medrano, digo. In both cases, Indians labor was so ex theless, the landowning elite and the mili founder of ORDEN, and Major Roberto ploited that large numbers of natives were tary still refused to allow even the most d'Aubuisson, a founder of ARENA, the politi actually worked to death while creating minimal land or wage reforms. Faced with cal party currently in power in El Salvador. profits for their Spanish masters. massive rural unrest, the Salvadoran govern The killing of Romero shocked the world After independence, the Salvadoran elite ment opted to take additional repressive and intense pressure was put on the Carter was forced to look for a new, more lucrative measures to maintain the existing socio-eco Administration to cut its Salvadoran aid. export. They found it in the 1860s in the pro nomic structures. In the mid-1960s, President Washington feared, however, that if such a duction of coffee. Since large tracts of land Julio Rivera and National Guard chief Jose course was taken, the leftist FMLN, which were needed for the successful development Medrano formed ORDEN (order), a secret had just launched an unsuccessful offensive, of this crop, the new Liberal government paramilitary organization consisting of tens might come to power as the Sandinistas had passed laws enabling the landowning elite to of thousands of peasants who received pa in Nicaragua in 1979. Thus, although the confiscate the subsistence farms of the rural tronage and other special favors in return for Carter Administration loudly condemned the peasant class. Thus, campesinos (peasants) keeping rural order through spying, intimi murder, aid continued to flow and even in whose families had resided on these prop dation, and violence. creased. White House officials reasoned that erties for generations now became landless. Not surprisingly, in the 1970s the Salva such aid could be a means of prodding the Moreover, to assure an adequate supply of doran situation deteriorated even further. By 1974 the annual inflation rate was 60 per Salvadoran government to initiate land re cheap labor, a system of debt peonage was form and political reform, but the failure of created and vagrancy laws were passed which cent; unemployment was 20 percent and underemployment 40 percent. The proportion this logic was soon graphically dem required the landless unemployed to work on onstrated. the coffee fincas (plantations). To maintain of landless peasants rose from 11.8 percent in 1950 to 41 percent in 1975. Of those who owned On December 2, 1980, three U.S. nuns and a the status quo a law was also promulgated in Catholic lay missionary were raped and exe 1907 outlawing rural unions and strikes. In cultivatable land, 0.85 percent held 77.3 per 1912 a National Guard was created, which cent, while 99.15 percent held only 22.7 per cuted by the Salvadoran National Guard. large coffee-growers routinely used to "keep cent2-one of the worst land distribution ra President Carter immediately cut off all law and order" on their estates. The above tios in the entire world. The disastrous eco military aid, but within a month it was re developments resulted in the consolidation nomic situation caused opposition political newed, even though the U.S. Government of coffee lands into the hands of a few grow parties to put aside their differences and join was fully aware that the Salvadoran mili ers, the so-called "fourteen families" (actu together, forming the Union Nacional tary was involved in a coverup of the crime. ally an oligarchy of 75 families in fourteen Opositora (UNO), in hopes of capturing the On January 4, 1981, U.S. AIFLD advisers Mi extended groups). presidency. But the 1972 and 1977 elections chael Hammer and Mark Pearlman and Jose When the Great Depression struck, the were so blatantly fraudulent that all hopes Viera, director of the Salvadoran Agrarian plight of the Salvadoran poor became more of reform through the electoral process were Transformation Institute, were gunned down desperate. Male rural unemployment reached abandoned. When a massive demonstration by the Salvadoran army. Although the mur 40 percent in 1929 and steadily grew worse in was held in San Salvador to protest the 1977 derers were known, the Salvadoran authori the next few years. For those peasants with election, the army and police attacked the ties refused to bring them to justice. Never work, wages fell from fifty cents a day to peaceful demonstrators, killing over 200 of theless, the new administration of president twenty cents. In 1930 Arturo was elected them, this attack and the ones that followed Reagan not only refused to cut aid, but actu president when he promised reform. The cof produced a reaction from those they were in ally increased it dramatically. fee elite and military, however, refused to tended to coerce. Labor and peasant unions More government-sponsored killings fol allow any change in the system and ousted and other mass organizations now came to lowed. Frustrated, the U.S. Congress passed Araujo from office in 1931, replacing him gether for joint agitation against the govern a law in 1981 requiring the president to pro with General Maximiliano Hernandez ment. Their protest rallies and occupations vide assurance every six months that "indis Martinez. With their expectations for eco of church and municipal buildings were fre criminate torture and murder" by security nomic relief dashed and unable to feed their quently answered by police and military re forces were being brought under control; if families, large numbers of peasants rose in pression. On the radical left, hitherto small he could not do so, aid was to be terminated. rebellion in 1932 at the instigation of the revolutionary groups now grew in size and Nevertheless, in spite of overwhelming evi communist Augustin Farabundo Marti. Al popularity when they began kidnapping and dence produced by human rights groups such though the revolt was easily put down, the assassinating those perceived to be on the as Amnesty International and Americas elite determined to show the peasants that side of the government. Later, in 1980, these Watch that government-sponsored terror was such actions would not be tolerated. Thus, guerrilla groups would unite under the name actually on the rise, President Reagan mere on orders from Hernandez Martinez, the Frente Farabundo Marti de Liberaci6n ly gave his certification of progress every six army rounded up and executed as many as Nacional (FMLN) and the Salvadoran civil months. Members of his administration jus 30,000 peasants. This message was not lost on war would begin. tified his action by claiming that right-wing those who survived. For the next four dec Another factor further complicated the sit dictatorships are preferable to leftist-Marx ades the terrified peasantry remained docile, uation in the 1970s. The Catholic church, ist dictatorships and that if aid is cut a while the military directly governed the which had previously refrained from criticiz Marxist government, aligned with the Soviet country in its own interest and that of the ing the Savadoran authorities, now entered Union, might gain power. Reagan critics, landowning oligarchy. the fray. Many priests and nuns, influenced however, contended that such unmerited cer During the 1940s, the Salvadoran elite, at by the Second Vatican Council (1962--65) and tification sent a message to Salvadoran se tempting to reverse their declining economy the Medellin Latin American Bishops' Con curity forces that they need not end their re (the price of coffee had more or less been ference (1968), came out in vigorous support pressive tactics in order to continue to re steadily falling since the Depression), began of the poor. They soon found a charismatic ceive U.S. aid. expanding into cotton and sugar production. leader in San Salvador, Archibishop Oscar After its 1980 election victory, the Reagan Again this entailed the removal of large Romero, whose Sunday morning homilies Administration had devised its own two-part numbers of peasants from their land, peas calling for justice and an end to violence be plan for achieving peace and reform in El ants who had previously been ignored since came the most popular radio broadcasts in Salvador. First, it concluded that only by de their small lowland plots had been useless the country. But the Catholic church paid a stroying the FMLN militarily could mean for growing coffee. In the long run, however, costly price for its courage. Between 1977 and ingful peace be assured; thus, a negotiated agricultural diversification failed to reverse 1979 seven priests were murdered. Leaflets compromise settlement with the opposition the country's economic downspin. To make were posted throughout the capital city urg was ruled out as an option. Instead, enor matters worse the Salvadoran population ing people to " Be a Patriot! Kill a Priest." mous amounts of military aid were sent to soared from 1,443,000 in 1930 to 3,549,000 by On March 24, 1980-after calling on the U.S. Salvadoran forces along with U.S. military 1969, due in large part to the reduction of advisers. Moreover, large numbers of Salva malaria and yellow fever. As historians Ben 1Benjamin Keen and Mark Wasserman, A History of doran soldiers were sent to the U.S. for jamin Keen and Mark Wasserman point out: Latin America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1988), p. training and professionalization. The second "The swelling population put great pres 496. part of the Reagan plan was to create a proc sure on wage levels: The average daily wage 2/bid. , pp. 493 and 497. ess of honest democratic elections; it was 18802 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 reasoned that meaningful reform would nat terminate military aid entirely if the gov in planning the murders of the six Jesuits; urally follow such elections. ernment causes the peace negotiations to there is also growing evidence indicating Between 1981 and 1987 the Salvadoran gov fail. Even though Cristian!, for his own polit that they are involved in a coverup (see ernment and military received $2.7 billion in ical reasons, has called for a renewal of mili Moakley Report). U.S. aid.3 Yet little, if anything, was tary aid, it seems clear to the current writer 11. In the past, every time the military has achieved. The FMLN was no closer to defeat, that such an action would be counter committed an especially abhorrent atrocity, as its 1989 offensive-arguably its most suc productive. Instead, all military aid should the U.S. has responded by terminating or re cessful offensive to date-made clear. The be ended. If peace negotiations are success ducing military aid, only to renew it and in Salvadoran security forces still opted for ful, the U.N. should then renew its Salva crease it within a short period of time. When murder and torture on a regular basis. The doran aid. But instead of sending it to the the Jesuits were killed, Congress cut mili 1989 bombing of the FENASTRAS union military, it should be channeled into grass tary aid by 50 percent. President Bush, how headquarters, in which ten union leaders roots developmental programs aimed at ame ever, in June 1991 released most of what has were killed and thirty wounded, and the exe liorating the root cause of El Salvador's cri been withheld. This pattern of behavior cutions of six Jesuits, their cook, and her sis, which is the antiquated, but long en sends the wrong signal to the Salvadoran daughter a few weeks later graphically dem trenched, unjust structural system that im military and government. It indicates that onstrate the brutal methods of the military. poverishes and brutalizes the vast majority they can kill without penalty. Moreover, there is much evidence indicating of the population for the benefit of a few. 12. There is overwhelming evidence indi that the entire army high command knew REASONS FOR TERMINATING MILITARY AID TO EL cating that the FMLN is serious about end beforehand and approved of the killing of the SALVADOR ing the civil war through negotiations. It re Jesuits. Both houses of the U.S. Congress will soon alizes that the vast majority of Salvadorans At great effort and expense, the U.S. was are weary of war; it knows that it cannot successful in bringing about relatively hon debate and vote on the Peace, Democracy and Development in El Salvador Act (S. 601 win the war; it realizes that it can no longer est and democratic elections. In 1984 Jose and H.R. 1346), the Adams-McDermott Bill. count on aid from the Soviet Union or East Napoleon Duarte won the presidency and the ern bloc countries. Thus, it has every reason following year his Christian Democratic This bill, if passed in its initial form, would end all war-related aid to El Salvador and to negotiate a fair peace and get involved in Party (PDC) emerged victorious in legisla a democratic process. tive elections. They won with a campaign aid still in the pipeline and any new military that promised peace and reform. Yet the aid as well as economic aid not specifically Christian Democrats were unable to achieve targeted for development projects. (This would eliminate much of the U.S. economic INTRODUCTION OF THE ST. CROIX, either goal during their tenure in office. The VIRGIN ISLANDS HISTORICAL failure to bring about peace was due in part aid that is direct cash transfer from Wash to Reagan's refusal to allow Duarte to enter ington, D.C., banks to the treasury of the PARK AND ECOLOGICAL PRE into serious peace negotiations with the left Salvadoran government.) The bill includes a SERVE ACT OF 1991 provision that requires that both houses of ist opposition FDR and FMLN. It was also Congress vote before any aid can be restored. due largely to a Salvadoran military which There are many reasons why this bill saw no advantage for itself in a termination should be supported. Among them are the HON. RON de LUGO of the civil war; indeed, the high command following: OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS realized all too well that its lucrative U.S. 1. After 12 years of civil war in El Sal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aid would be drastically reduced if the war vador, the conflict still continues and a bru ended. Wednesday, July 17, 1991 Duarte's plans for socio-economic reform tal status quo built on violence, injustice, also ended in failure for reasons which are and repression is as well entrenched as ever. Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, imagine a park too complex to enumerate in this study. Suf 2. Over $4 billion in U.S. aid since 1980, that would combine an ecological treasure fice it to say that by the end of Duarte's much of which has directly or indirectly chest with a window on human history that term in office the Salvadoran economy was been used for military purposes, has failed to may go back to 2000 B.C. and even earlier. end the conflict. worse than ever: Just as the disastrous 3. Only a tiny percentage of this U.S. aid Imagine an area so rich in natural and his Cuban economy is only kept afloat due to has gone for health, nutrition, and agrarian torical attributes that a National Park Service massive injections of Soviet aid, that of Sal reform or for grassroots initiatives. study concludes there is no other location like vador is kept from total collapse due to bil 4. U.S. aid has on the whole failed to ad it in the entire West Indies. lions of U.S. dollars. The situation of the dress the root causes of the civ_il war-hun poor Salvadoran majority only deteriorated I am speaking of Salt River on the north ger, inequitable land distribution, lack of shore of St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands. further during the 1980s. Terrorized by both true democracy, and oppressive government sides in the civil war and unable to find suffi The wealth of the attributes in this one area by a small oligarchic elite. is staggering: cient work to feed their families, the poor 5. U.S. military aid has actually proved "took to their feet" to survive. Hundreds of counterproductive. With hundreds of mil One of the few carbonate submarine can thousands entered the United States, Mex lions of dollars flowing continually to the yons in the world; ico, Honduras, and other countries, often il Salvadoran military, there is no incentive The largest and last remaining mangrove legally. for the high command to end the civil war. estuarine system in the Virgin Islands; The ineptness of the Duarte Administra Indeed, it realizes well that once the war The last remaining undisturbed fish hatchery tion, coupled with extreme corruption on the ends, its U.S. military aid will be drastically part of Christian Democratic officials, area on St. Croix; caused Salvadorans to vote for the only real reduced or terminated. Thus, there is actu One of the few remaining nesting grounds ally incentive to perpetuate the war. for endangered species such as the West In opposition in the 1988 legislative and 1989 6. The Salvadoran military and its para presidential elections, the ARENA Party. It military associates have a dismal human dian whistling duck; is important, however, to emphasize that rights record, including the murder of 13 Evidence of preceramic occupation; these votes were less an endorsement of priests, an archbishop, 4 U.S. churchwomen, The only ceremonial ball court ever found in ARENA than a reaction against Christian countless political opposition, labor, and the Lesser Antilles; and Democratic failure. Although President peasant leaders, and thousands of Catholic Alfredo Cristian! of ARENA seems to be Village middens and burial grounds going lay catechists. Aid obviously has failed to back hundreds of years before Columbus. similar to Duarte, albeit somewhat more bring human rights reform. conservative, many experts argue that the If that were not enough, Mr. Chairman, con 7. In all, over 70,000 civilians have been sider that Salt River is the only site now under fanatical Roberto d'Aubuisson still domi killed since the civil war began in 1980, about nates the party he created. In truth, ARENA 85 percent by government forces or para the American flag where Columbus' party is seems to have split into two factions, with military associates. known to have set foot. We know that after the army siding with the d'Aubuisson wing. 8. Tens of thousands have been displaced leaving St. Croix, Columbus went by St. The Cristiani faction has been able to enter from their homes and forced to live as refu Thomas and possibly the British Virgin Islands into negotiations with FMLN, even though gees. Thousands have entered the U.S. ille and that he stopped in Puerto Rico, but ex the military views such talks with suspicion. gally. To prevent the army from sabotaging this actly where is not known. 9. The Cold War is no longer a factor; thus, There is no ambiguity with Salt River. The peace process, the U.S. Congress delivered a an argument can no longer be made that strong message when it cut military aid to military aid is necessary to prevent the So encounter between the Old and New World El Salvador by 50 percent and promised to viet Union from acquiring "another Cuba." that took place there on November 14, 1493, 10. There is a large body of evidence that during the second voyage of Columbus is well 3 Ibid. , p. 505. the Salvadoran high command was involved documented. July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18803 Michael Paiewonsky, a former Virgin Islands shoreline, including the Cape of the Arrows the Virgin Islands. The Government of the Vir senator whose family has played a key role in and out into the Canyon area was established gin Islands also owns 50 acres in estate St. our modem history, has written a beautifully il as a national natural landmark, and in 1986 it John and the 5 acres on the beach at Estate lustrated and documented book on these first was placed on the endangered list. Salt River containing the landing site, the ball contacts called: "Conquest of Eden 1493- In 1986, the local legislature again took a field, Mudfort and other archeological sites. 1515." critical step, thanks to the urging of Senator Both the Secretary of Interior and the Govern While Columbus' diary of his second voyage Virdin Brown and Senator Holland Redfield ment of the Virgin Islands will have authority is lost, Mr. Paiewonsky has compiled eye and others, and appropriated $60,000 for the to acquire by purchase or donation lands in witness accounts of those who accompanied National Park Service to develop options for the remaining 370 acres, and a commission Columbus on his voyage, and of his son, Fer the preservation and management of the site. will be established to make recommendations nando Colon, who had access to his father's This same bill also officially recognized the on how all the lands within the boundaries can journals. Here are their descriptions: Christopher Columbus Jubilee Committee be jointly managed by the Federal and local Guillermo Como, was aboard the flagship, whose president, Jessie Thomson has been government. Marigalante, with Columbus: "Having come one of the first and staunchest supporters of The commission is precedent setting. It is near the coast (of St. Croix) the island was the preservation effort. jointly chaired by the Secretary of Interior and so attractive in appearance and location and In 1987, I wrote to the park service request the Governor of the Virgin Islands, with each inviting in the eyes of the mariners that it ing a new area study to assess the options adding four members, an even number delib was decided to make port there." and reach a concensus for the ultimate dis erately selected to underscore the need for Michele De Cuneo, who led the 25-man position of the site. party that went ashore at Salt River, said of mutual cooperation, respect, and understand St. Croix: "* * *very beautiful and very fer The resulting cooperative agreement was ing. tile and we arrived at a beautiful Harbor." signed on July 12, 1988, by Gov. Alexander A. A companion bill is also being introduced Dr. Chanca, also on board the flagship: Farrelly and NPS regional director, Robert this week in the Senate by the chairman of the "* * * the island seemed to be very populous Baker. A 25-member planning committee, rep Energy and Natural Resources Committee judging from the many tracts of cultivated resenting a broad cross-section of Federal and who last year stood with his family on the site land which were on it." local government officials and the private sec and became a wholehearted supporter of its From his research, Mr. Paiewonsky infers tor was assembled and their resulting rec preservation. I thank the chairman of the En that the St. Croix population at that time would ommendations were the subject of public ergy Committee for his commitment and sup have been about 20,000 to 40,000 people, hearings on May 10, 1989, ably moderated by port on Salt River and for his continuous sup and he quotes Como in describing a typical Barbara Gilliard-Payne. Practically all of the port on many issues of benefit to the people native West Indian dwelling: many people testifying spoke in strong support of the Virgin Islands. We are indebted to him. Their houses were built of thick reeds in of preserving the entire area, including Sen Our former colleague and now Secretary of the form of canopies; we were moved to ad ator Lilliana Belardo de O'Neal, Dr. Donna the Interior, Manuel Lujan, also paid a per miration by their elegance. The beams were Green, Rudy O'Reilly, Jr., with the UVI Exten sonal visit to Salt River earlier this year, and so ingeniously constructed and the timbers sion Service, Oscar Henry with the St. Croix were fashioned so perfectly as to excite both when he stood on that beach and looked at Landmark Society, Liz Wilson with the League the beautiful vista all around him, and realized wonder and envy. of Women's Voters and representatives of Post-Columbus, Salt River became a center the sweep of history that lay literally beneath several other local and national conservation his feet, he too became fully committed and of colonial activity well over 100 years before groups. Michael Walsh and Joan Eltman of the founding of Christiansted and personally dedicated to saving Salt River. the St. Croix Environmental Association have I thank my good friend, Secretary Lujan. He Frederiksted. Spanish, British, French, Dutch, been especially supportive, as have the Na has visited with me in my office, not once, but and even the Knights of Malta had settlements tional Trust for Historic Preservation and the twice to personally work out the details of this there, and the ebb and flow of their fortunes National Parks and Conservation Association. mirrored the turbulence of the Reformation, bill. Clearly he was the right person, the right The Nature Conservancy, and in particular Secretary of Interior, at precisely the right Counter-Reformation, and wars of succession Brad Northrup, were indispensible to this ef time, that was needed to help save this spe that swept across Europe. fort. The whole history of the Caribbean is here cial place. Special mention for going above and be I have discussed this bill with Governor, at Salt River. As miraculous as it may seem, yond the call of duty has clearly been earned Gov. Alexander A. Farrelly, and he is in full Mr. Speaker, this area that has been a center by Ro Wauer, then head of the NPS on St. support. of human activity for 4,000 years is today rel Croix, now retired and the author of several Mr. Speaker, I urge my fellow colleagues of atively untouched. By sheer good luck, by books, and William Cissel, curator of the the House to support this bill and I thank my quirk of history, we have the opportunity to Christiansted National Historic Site and a na colleagues on the Interior Committee for their preserve this window on history-Salt River. tive of St. Croix, for their extraordinary efforts strong endorsement and support, especially Practically all of my colleagues on the Inte in assembling data and encouraging public the chairman of the full committee, Mr. MILLER, rior Committee, Democrats and Republicans, input. Bill Cissel is becoming known as "Mr. and the chairman of the Parks Subcommittee, are joining me today as original cosponsors of Salt River" so extensive is his knowledge of Mr. VENTO, and the ranking Members, Mr. this bill: The St. Croix, Virgin Islands Historical the history and ecology of the area. Ralph YOUNG and Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Park and Ecological Preserve Act of 1991. Bullard with NPS regional office in Atlanta was This bill will bring together Federal and local extremely professional and conscientious in government into a partnership to preserve this compiling the study report. Richard Maeder FRIENDS AND FAMILY MOURN very special area for the benefit of present and Mark Koenings, past and present NPS su THE LOSS OF JOHN H. KINNEY and future generations. perintendents also played key roles. OF ARGYLE, NY This legislation is the culmination of years of The bill we have before us today, Mr. effort to save the site that started in 1958 Speaker, is drawn from that park service study HON. GERALD B.H. SOLOMON when the Virgin Islands Legislature voted-Act which was completed last summer. 350-to purchase over 50 acres including the OF NEW YORK The legislation states that in order to pro IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES beach at the Columbus landing site. As a tect, preserve and interpret for the benefit of member of the legislature then, I was proud to present and future generations the historical, Wednesday, July 17, 1991 be a cosponsor along with then-Senators Au cultural and natural sites and resources at Salt Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, a long-time brey Anduze, Frits Lawaetz, Theovald Moor River, 1,046 acres of land and water encom friend of mine has passed away, leaving a head, Lucinda Millin, and Anne Abramson. My passing the basin and its mangroves up to the great void in the lives of all who knew him. I'd only regret is that the administration at that surrounding ridge lines and out to the Sea like to say a few words about him. time did not acquire the entire 50 acres as Canyon will be established as the St. Croix, John H. Kinney, of Argyle, NY, died earlier called for in the legislation, but at least the key Virgin Islands Historical Park and Ecological this month. He was 81. He founded his own 5 acres at the beach were purchased. Preserve. insurance agency in 1930 and operated it until In 1965 that site was established as a na Of the total acreage roughly 600 is water, his retirement. But that only tells part of the tional historic landmark. In 1979, the entire under the trusteeship of the Government of story of a truly good man. 18804 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 He was active at Argyle United Presbyterian one of his half-brothers is buried on the hill use Johnny Appleseed because we wanted a Church and a 64-year member of the Argyle side above the center. cottage industry. And since the monument Grange 1081 . He also was active in the Argyle Unlike his fellow legends, Paul Bunyan and was there, we decided to make it about John John Henry, Johnny Appleseed was a real ny Appleseed." The center is open from 10 Emergency Squad. person who spent most of his life paving the a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Saturday, In short, Mr. Speaker, John H. Kinney dis way for settlement of the Ohio frontier. Born and from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. on Sunday. played that spirit of voluntarism which has John Chapman in Massachusetts in 1774, he In the lobby of the center stands a spread made such a comeback in the last 10 years. was not yet 2 years old when his mother ing "tree" with more than 100 wooden apples But even before that spirit reemerged John H. died. His father, Nathaniel, was serving as an bearing the names of hard-working volun Kinney was practicing it. officer in Washington's army at the time, so teers. The volunteers' talent and effort Among those who mourn his loss are his young Johnny was cared for by his maternal which launched the center represents thou immediate survivors, his wife Adah; his four grandparents. sands of dollars of manpower and is the core When Nathaniel Chapman returned from of the entire endeavor. daughters, Mrs. Marilyn Peck of Stillwater, the war, he remarried and fathered 10 chil Mrs. Betty Simmons of Orchard Park, Mrs. dren with his new wife. This second family The showrooms on the main floor feature Karen White of Greenwich, and Mrs. Phyllis moved west to Ohio in 1805 and staked out a ever-changing displays of a boundless variety Snell of Argyle; a sister, Helen Reid of Argyle; claim along Duck Creek, about 20 miles of crafts. In addition to four rooms of craft north of Marietta. By this time, John Chap displays, the center also sells two books it and many grandchildren, great-grandchildren, has published. One is a cookbook of apple nieces, nephews, and cousins. man had been on the frontier for several years, but it is believed he was on hand to recipes and one is a biography of Johnny Mr. Speaker, I ask all Members to join me Appleseed, both written by local volunteer in mourning the loss of John H. Kinney, a help his family select the site and build their cabin. He was known to have frequently vis authors. There is a classroom in the base good citizen and a great friend. ited his family here, with his last known ment and the upstairs features a library and visit in 1842, less than three years before he a quilting room. died near Fort Wayne, IN. It is the crafts and the craftspeople who A PLACE WHERE OLD-TIME Johnny Appleseed is known by school are the central part of operations now. Sales SKILLS STILL SURVIVE children everywhere as the kindly hermit Manager Sue Garvin says, "Most of the who had apple trees ready for the first set crafters have been in here and some of them tlers. He was a wanderer, a storyteller, a have been real interesting." Board member HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE missionary and a friend to pioneers every and craft selector Pauline Robinson adds, OF OHIO where. It is the aspect of his character the "People can't believe we have such good IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Johnny Appleseed Center for Creative Learn craftsmen in this community." Wednesday, July 17, 1991 ing seeks to emulate. The craftspeople also are pleased with the According to Noble County Historical Soci arrangement. Leo Schwallie, who work with Mr. APPLEGATE. Mr. Speaker, the growing ety President Myrtle Ake, "There has been a stained glass, says "Johnny Appleseed Cen emphasis placed on the need for voluntarism need in this area for people who produce ter gives a lot of crafters an outlet." Irene throughout America is much discussed, but of things to be given an opportunity to sell." Peters, a woodcrafter and Washington Elec tentimes is not convincingly demonstrated. With the local economy in decline, many tric Co-op member, says, "I got tired of That's certainly not the case in Noble Coun people engaged in crafts out of necessity or packing my stuff and taking it to craft ty, OH. Citizens in Noble County have dem because they had lots of time on their hands. shows. Someone told me about the Appleseed onstrated what an all-volunteer organization And since tourism represented an oppor Center and I took some of my work there." tunity to offset the losses in local natural re can achieve and accomplish, without tax dol Fran Miller, another Washington Electric sources-based industry, a craft center member who makes fabric rabbits, also pre lars or any kind of government assistance seemed like a good idea. fers the center as an outlet. "It's a lot less whatsoever. The result has been the develop The site of the Center was formerly Ogle's hassle than doing a show. Besides, when you ment of the Johnny Appleseed Center for Cre Restaurant, a popular local establishment. go down to the Center, you can see what's ative Learning, located just outside of Dexter The building had been vacant and was owned new," Miller said. City, OH. by Eaker-Noon Coal Company. Baker-Noon The creative learning aspect of the center The Johnny Appleseed Center, dedicated in offered use of the building to the historical has not been ignored. Education Coordinator May 1989, offers craft artists and others an society, and a $1-per-year lease was signed in Paul Wallace has set up several different November 1988. classes. Among the offerings so far have been outlet with which to offer their goods, their art, Ake recalls first touring the building with and their craftwork. "Country Living," the offi courses in photography, stained glass, bas fellow society members on a rainy night that ket-making, and apple-head dollmaking. cial publication of the Ohio Rural Electric Co revealed several leaks in the roof. "They operatives, recently told the outstanding story still said 'Let's do it'-1 guess you have to be Another related activitity is the Noble of the Appleseed Center and about the re a little crazy to visualize what can happen County Historical Society's Soakum Fes when things look discourageing," Ake said. tival. Held at Heritage Park in the Noble markable people who made it possible. County Fairgrounds at Caldwell, Soakum Mr. Speaker, I would like to share with you VOLUNTEERS ANSWERED THE CALL celebrates the pioneer way of life. A call went out for volunteers, and many and my colleagues this interesting and re The festival is named for a small settle markable story of voluntarism and true dedica organizations and individuals responded. ment about one day's journey from Marietta. tion by the people of Noble County. Painting, wallpapering and plumbing were among the skills donated by nearly 200 vol The town of Matrim tried to increase its for GROUP OF VOLUNTEERS WORKS KEEP tunes by charging exhorbitant prices for its A To unteers. Outside support also was available. TRADITIONAL CRAFTS GROWING IN SOUTH whiskey. This earned the town the nickname In particular, C. Burr Dawes and Bob Wil EASTERN OHIO "Soakum." Soakum is held on the last week liams of the Johnny Appleseed Foundation (By Gary and Mary Williams) end of September, so it roughly coincides offered encouragement and support. After a with Johnny Appleseed's birthday on Sept. In southeastern Ohio's Noble County, a busy winter, the center was dedicated on group of citizens is showing what an all-vol May 28, 1989. 26. unteer organization can accomplish. The Johnny Appleseed Center reflects its This past year at the Soakum Festival, a With no tax money or government help of namesake's helping-hand philosophy. All natural-foods birthday dinner was held for any kind, the Noble County Historical Soci items are sold on consignment and are made Johnny Appleseed. Guest speaker Edelene ety has opened the Johnny Appleseed Center by 127 different craftspeople in seven coun Wood of Parkersburg, WV, president of the for Creative Learning. The center provides ties. Many are from Noble County, but they Natural Wild Foods Assn., gave a slide show an outlet for area craftspeople to market are also from the adjacent counties: Guern and a meal of foods similar to fare enjoyed their wares and gives a boost to the local sey, Belmont, Monroe, Washington, Morgan by Johnny Appleseed. Also at the festival, economy. A secondary function is to teach and Muskingum. the Friends of Johnny Appleseed was orga and preserve the crafts of the past and help The historical society administers the cen nized to help support the center's activities. to maintain local heritage and culture. ter through a board of directors. In the yard Despite its humble beginnings, the eco Located on St. Rte. 821, just south of Dex near the building is a monument to Johnny nomic prognosis for the Johnny Appleseed ter City and one mile north of the Appleseed, erected in 1942 to commemorate Center for Creative Learning is encouraging. Macksburg interchange of I-77, the center the Chapman homestead. It serves as a re What's more, everyone involved is proud of comes by its Johnny Appleseed name quite minder of the spirit of the place and the what already has been accomplished because, honestly. The building is on land once home original source of inspiration. As board as Ake puts it, "We did it all with good old steaded by Johnny Appleseed's family, and member Joy Flood puts it, "We decided to fashioned work!" July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18805 A SALUTE TO MICHAEL AMON-RA ing not on the world but on America? Would pacity to act and lead overseas. To its credit, he and others in Washington re-direct their the foreign-policy establishment now sees mental energies if, first thing out of the box, this threat clearly. When will the White HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS a high-powered briefer told him what now House wake up? OF NEW YORK happens on a typical day in this country? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Mr. President," he might report, "in the Wednesday, July 17, 1991 past 24 hours, 93 Americans died from guns; TRIBUTE TO KEVIN D. HARRIS 16,000 were raped, mugged or robbed; 274 ba Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to bies were born exposed to illicit drugs; 2,478 HON. RICHARD T. SCHUIZE pay tribute to a man who has devoted time children quit school; 1,340 teenagers gave OF PENNSYLVANIA and effort toward improving the educational birth; commuters wasted 216,000 hours in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES opportunities available to the young people of traffic jams; the U.S. sent 14.5 million tons Brooklyn. of carbon dioxide into the air; the national Wednesday, July 17, 1991 In the wake of the 1977 shooting of Ran debt increased by Sl.4 billion; Washington Mr. SCHULZE. Mr. Speaker, today I wish to paid S80 million to foreign creditors in inter dolph Evans, Mr. Michael Amon-Ra served as est on the debt; 355 U.S. companies went commend a young constituent of mine for his rally and demonstration coordinator of Con belly up, and 5,500 Americans lost their outstanding achievement in winning second cerned Citizens and Leaders to Save our jobs." place in a National High School Videotaped Youth Coalition. His efforts played an integral The point is obvious: In the new world of Speech Contest, "Faces of China." part in fostering an ongoing dialog between the 1990s, as the Soviet bear is finally locked Kevin D. Harris, of the Chapel Christian civic officials and business leaders. in its cage, the most serious challenges to Academy in East Norriton, PA, wrote and de Through his organizational talents, a diverse America are no longer overseas but here at livered a tremendous speech entitled, "The group of Brooklyn residents participated in ral home, and it's time for Washington to Potential for Freedom in China," and was change focus. Strikingly-encouragingly awarded a $1,000 scholarship to the college lies and demonstrations which led to unprece some of the most serious thinkers in the for dented discussions and negotiations between eign-policy establishment are now advancing or university of his choice. activists, community leaders, business and that argument, so that officialdom may soon The contest was sponsored by Friends of government leaders. Mr. Amon-Ra played a take notice. William Hyland, editor of the Free China and specified only that the con key role in these negotiations by serving as prestigious quarterly Foreign Affairs recently testant write and deliver a 6 to 8 minute the chief adviser to the Coalition for Economic wrote that with its triumph in the cold war, speech on the topic of "Faces of China" and Fairness. Ultimately, these negotiations led to the United States "has never been less relate it in some fashion to the Republic of the creation of the Randolph Evans Memorial threatened by foreign forces," but "never China on Taiwan. Friends of Free China is a since the Great Depression has the threat to national organization dedicated to the preser Scholarship Fund and the Randolph Evans domestic well-being been greater." His rec Crisis Center. vation of freedom and understanding between ommendation: "We have earned about a dec the people of the United States and the peo Today, Michael Amon-Ra serves on the ad ade of freedom to reorient our foreign policy visory board of the Randolph Evans Memorial and concentrate our resources, energy and ple of Taiwan. Scholarship Fund. I salute his longstanding attention on dealing with the domestic cri I commend Kevin Harris for his achievement and committed effort to inspire hope and en sis." of excellence and include his speech in the courage scholarship. The chairman of the Council on Foreign RECORD: Relations and the Institute for International THE POTENTIAL FOR FREEDOM IN CHINA Economics, Peter G. Peterson, weighed in a (Speech by Kevin Harris) THE NEW AMERICAN ORDER week ago with an essay that set off a storm Nestled in the Southeast Corner of Asia, of debate among national-security thinkers the people of China are divided. Despite a at an American Assembly conference. Amer rich heritage in culture and tradition, the HON. BOB TRAXLER ica must recognize, Peterson wrote, that Chinese people are separated by two con OF MICHIGAN failure to make progress on an economic and trasting systems of government. Although IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES social agenda will place the country in great their lifestyles are vastly different, their er peril than more traditional concerns of hearts are united by an urgent longing for Wednesday, July 17, 1991 Soviet nuclear weapons and conventional at freedom. Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, I would like to tacks on our territory or vital interests. The People's Republic of China is charac share with my colleagues an editorial which After thrashing it out, the American Assem terized by the world's largest population appeared in the June 17, 1991, issue of U.S. bly participants voted in support of that the over 1.1 billion people, including the largest News & World Report. In the editorial, David sis. Communist party in the world. Ninety miles The plea here is not that we lift another southeast of this nation is the "Beautiful Is Gergen, former speechwriter and press $10 billion from the defense budget or from land" of Taiwan, also known as Formosa. spokesman for Presidents Nixon, Ford, and foreign aid and invest it in our schools and This second group of people is called the Re Reagan, argues that far more critical than highways. To be sure, we must end what Pe public of China. Both of these countries building a "New World Order" is the creation terson calls a "choiceless" society-a debili claim to be the legitimate China and both of a "New American Order." I absolutely agree tating incapacity to make hard trade-offs on seek the unification of China in the future. with Mr. Gergen and would strongly encour a range of public policy issues. But before we As we analyze these two nations, we notice even reach questions of where to find funds that Taiwan, under a system of free enter age all of my colleagues, on both sides of the prise, enjoys many freedoms. This free enter isle, to take time to carefully review his edi for domestic needs, we must first have a change of mind about what is urgent, de prise system has proved effective as the torial: manding serious attention in our democracy, country advanced in technology, wealth, and A NEW AMERICAN ORDER and what is less pressing. At the moment, education. In contrast, the people on the Every morning at 8 o'clock, George Bush the White House and many of the president's mainland experience very little freedom. Let begins his day by pouring over a report from best and brightest are striving mightily to us ask ourselves, "What is freedom? And fur the Central Intelligence Agency telling him build a "New World Order." Far more criti ther, what is the potential for freedom in of the latest rebellion in the Soviet Union, a cal is the creation of a New American Order. China? coup in Africa, a cyclone in Bangladesh. A In focusing on the domestic crisis, we need We know freedom as simply being the right CIA officer briefs him personally on the de not and should not retreat into isolationism. of people to make their own decisions, to tails before he moves into a second meeting We must remain leaders of the globe, en chose their own destiny. According to Noah with National Security Adviser Brent Scow gaged in far-flung missions to protect and Webster, freedom is also, "A state of exemp croft, the man who hovers at his side all day. extend freedom. Our economy and our cul tion from the power or control of another. As many as 40,000 people in Washington's na ture must remain integrated with others. Exemption from slavery, servitude, or con tional-security establishment work hard so Yet, just as Dwight Eisenhower warned four finement." China's potential for freedom de that Bush, like every recent president, can pends on the people themselves. decades ago, we must realize that our na From the city of Beijing, Deng Xiaoping, stay abreast of and remain focused on over tional security rests fundamentally upon our the most powerful man in China, rules essen seas threats. strength at home. An economy that limps tially one fifth of the world. "All important But suppose the president got up on the into the future, built upon a population that industries have been placed under state own- other side of the bed for a change. Might we is undernourished, undereducated and all be better off if the nation's chief execu underachieving, will not only make us poor tive began his day with an intelligence brief- er and less just; it will also rob us of our ca- 18806 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 ership and direction. The government also munist China on democratic and free terms. tions by the executive branch, as it did in controls most trade and finance." i Education is essential to the progress for the most controversial decision of the year The Republic of China on Taiwan traces its China's freedom. Above all else, the freedom upholding federal regulations that bar feder beginning all the way back to the National found in the Bible will liberate the soul. But ally financed clinics from providing informa ist Party on the Mainland. This political all these aspects of the potential for China' tion about abortion. party was founded by Sun Yat-sen in the ear freedom depend on the individual. The The Court's conservatism was also exhib liest part of the twentieth century. Ever progress may be slow, but nonetheless, the ited in its decision limiting personal rights since his death, tyranny and oppression have people are the key to liberating China! against those of the state or community. It dominated Chinese society in the mother An elderly Chinese man put it this way, threw out a number of rulings protecting the land. With the rise of communism and the "'Only those who have almost been suffo rights of defendants with respect to coerced later defeat of the Nationalists in 1949, the cated can know the value of air.' The Chi confessions, search warrants, and federal ha prosperity of China rapidly declined. After nese people breathed very deeply, exultantly beas corpus jurisdiction. the Nationalists fled to Taiwan, the Com in 1989, they will do so again." 1 The Court never moves only in one direc munists set out to restore the war-dev tion, and there were cases in this term when astated economy. But in fact, they enslaved the conservatives were not able to muster a the people as they endeavored to build their THE SUPREME COURT majority. For example, the Court gave a own power. Jimmy Yen, a Chinese man re broad reading to equal protection. It ruled cently said, "Few governments in world his that prospective jurors could not be excluded tory have every really developed the 'bitter HON. LEE H. HAMILTON because of their race and that the federal strength' of their peasants. Many regimes OF INDIANA voting rights acts covers the election of may talk of setting up programs for them IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES state and local judges. But by and large the relief. I want release not relief. I want to set Court turned noticeably to the right. Wednesday, July 17, 1991 up programs by the people. I believe in peo ACTIVIST COURT ple!" 2 The communists continue to oppress Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would like to Another mark of a conservative court is the Chinese people today. insert my Washington report for Wednesday, that it sees itself as no place for resolving The pressure of communism on its people July 17, 1991, into the CONGRESSIONAL questions better left to the legislative has occasionally surfaced, ea.ch time growing branch. But even as the Supreme Court louder and stronger. The 1989 massacre in RECORD: THE SUPREME COURT kicked some issues back to the lawmakers, Beijing's Tienanmen Square illustrates this the justices have been willing to do some of perfectly. It was prompted by the student's One of the most important things we do their own legislating from the bench. A case call for government dialogue on democracy. when we elect a President of the United in point is the effort to streamline capital "The protests were peaceful. But to a tyr States is to shape the Supreme Court. The punishment. Unwilling to wait for the Con anny what counts in the opposition, not the President nominates the justices and the gress to act, the Court set up procedural ob method." s Official figures say that student Senate confirms them. In that way the Court stacles to repeated habeas corpus requests, deaths reached to over 10,000. is shaped over a period of time by our demo thereby expediting executions. At times it The brutalities of this massacre have cratic institutions. The views of Ronald reached beyond the narrow legal questions frightened Hong Kong as they wonder if com Reagan and George Bush have now been re directly before it and addressed constitu munism is going to devour their country. As flected in recent decisions of the Supreme tional issues. For example, it ruled that co the 1997 unification of China approaches, Court, such as those restricting abortion and erced confessions from criminal defendants 100,000 citizens of Hong Kong are emigrating narrowing the rights of the accused. The were not automatically barred from use as every year.4 But while most of Hong Kong is Court is conservative, though increasingly trial evidence, even though the case at hand dreading the coming unification, Taiwan is activist. did not require them to pronounce on that seeking for unification on their own terms. SOLID MAJORITY question. Their terms call for a democratic society The struggle between the liberals and the The Court is increasingly moving away and a free economy.s conservatives on the Supreme Court is over. from judicial restraint into judicial activ Unification alone cannot achieve democ The Court now has a solid and energized con ism, supporting political objectives espe racy and freedom. The conflict for the gov servative majority. The momentum for cially in the area of criminal law. At one ernment of Communist China is in their de change in the Court is strong, and it is most point Justice Thurgood Marshall said that sire to keep their people ignorant, while obvious in the area of criminal law. Criminal the majority was serving as a "back-up legis maintaining their goals for modernization of defendants have not fared well under this lature". Moreover, the Supreme Court usu China. We said earlier that freedom is the court in recent years. ally only rarely and with greatest care dis right of people to choose their own destiny. It was striking to see how many cases in mantles its own precedents. Yet this Court The people of China are not given many the past term were decided by a 6-3 margin, has overturned four constitutional prece choices. How can they be free without an once President Bush's nominee David Souter dents and sharply restrained another in the education? To be superior in technology, was added to the Court. The shift a way from past term. It has written that adherence to China must be superior in education. 5-4 votes is important because the narrow precedent is "not an inexorable command". Political freedom is desired by every margin constrains the majority by the need It is acting with increasing boldness and is human being, but even more fulfilling is the to hold a justice who may be wavering. When writing more far-reaching opinions than it freedom that is found only in the heart. Nu did only a few years ago. merous reports prove that many Chinese the majority is larger, the opinions tend to people have found this freedom. It is a free become more sweeping, as they did in this THE FUTURE dom based on a decision to personally trust term. Next term the Supreme Court will tackle in the death of Jesus Christ as sufficient to CONSERVATIVE COURT some controversial issues such as school de pay for our sins and to provide assurance of Although the terms "liberal" and "con segregation, school prayer, individual pri eternal· life in Heaven. We would do well to servative" are slippery when referring to vacy, and the constitutionality of laws pro heed the Chinese Proverb, "The road to hell courts, many of the Supreme Court's deci hibiting cross burning. Given its willingness is paved with good intentions". "Righteous sions this past term typified the conserv to overturn precedents, if another conserv ness exalteth a nation,"6 but communism ative view that power should flow from ative justice is appointed to replace does not allow its people simple religious Washington to the states. For example, in Thurgood Marshall, the Court will likely freedom. one case the Court held that federal law make major changes when it has the oppor Peace and freedom are long awaited and against age discrimination included an im tunity. long desired on the ma.inland. The need and plicit exception for state judges. The Court The Court today is somewhat right of cen desire for freedom is evident. We must sup warned the Congress to use caution in exer ter but probably within the mainstream of port the unification of Taiwan and com- cising its extraordinary power in a federal popular opinion and attitudes. If the Court system and referred to the tenth amendment keeps moving to the right, such as by se verely restricting individual rights, then 2 "China," The World Book Encyclopedia, 1990 ed., p. as a source of state immunity against federal 475. regulation. The Court also indicated in a public opinion may begin to change about 2 Jimrny Yen, Reader's Digest, October 1987, p. 263, school desegregation case that the era of fed the role of the Court. 264 . eral judges administering school systems, NOMINATIONS 3A, M. Rosenthal, " From China with Contempt", prisons, and other local institutions may As a final note, I have an uneasy feeling Reader's Digest, November, 1989, p. 198. soon be over. The Court deferred often to ac- 4 Ross Terrill, Countdown to 1997", National Geo about the process for nominating new jus graphic, February, 1991, p. 125. tices. The Supreme Court was once roamed s Free China Review, January 1991, p. 20. 7 Scott Simmie, Bon Nixon, Tienanmen Square, Au by legendary figures such as Oliver Wendell 6The Bible, King James Version, Proverbs 14:34. gust 15, 1989, preface. Holmes, Louis Brandeis, and J oho Marshall. July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18807 I wonder if President Bush was really right I initially became interested in psychology INTRODUCTION OF THE LEAD when he called Clarence Thomas, a very fine while I was attending high school. I was de PAINT HAZARD ABATEMENT ACT person, "the best person for the job". For all termined to gain as much awareness as pos his attributes, Thomas has not shown him sible regarding the spectrum of applications self to be a preeminent scholar, brilliant within my intended profession; and I spoke HON. BENJAMIN L CARDIN judge, or prized lawyer. with practicing psychologists from various OF MARYLAND Presidents have many different criteria be specialties. In order to ascertain if I had the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fore them when they make their selection, potential to perform effectively within the Wednesday, July 17, 1991 and they may not simply put forward the name of the most brilliant jurist. In some of domain of psychology, I gained "hands-on" Mr. CARDIN. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro the most recent nominations, especially experience serving the public as a volunteer ducing, along with Congressman HENRY WAX after the Senate's rejection of Judge Bork, counselor. I derived tremendous satisfaction MAN, the Lead Paint Hazard Abatement Act of from counseling others, and became con Presidents seemed to be looking for can 1991, an innovative measure for preventing didates who have very little to say about fident that I would find fulfillment and chal lenge within the "helping profession." I have the "most common and societally devastating most things. That may be politically nec environmental disease of young children" essary but it is unwise. It means that the Su devoted a combined total of ten and a half preme Court will not be peopled with the gi years to working as a counselor within four U.S. Department of Health and Human Serv ants that have so enriched its history. community service agencies. ices, "Strategic Plan for the Elimination of Childhood Lead Poisoning," February 1991, p. Upon entering college, I enrolled in as 1. many psychology courses as my schedule TRIBUTE TO ANNE LESLIE ASHER permitted. As soon as I completed the lower This legislation provides for the only real division requirements of university study, I cure for lead poisoning-prevention. The bill HON. BARBARA BOXER declared a major in psychology. These stud establishes a Trust Fund of about $1 billion OF CALIFORNIA ies increased my awareness of the various as per year for use by States and cities to oper IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pects of psychology, and my appreciation for ate comprehensive programs addressing the most intractable source of high-dose lead ex Wednesday, July 17, 1991 this discipline was heightened. However, until I encountered serious medical prob posure for children: deteriorating lead-based Mrs. BOXER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to lems, my professional goals within psychol paint in low-income housing and child care pay tribute to Anne Leslie Asher, a soon to be ogy lacked definition. I had intended to com centers. doctoral student at the California School of bine an empirical background with my desire This dedicated source of funds will be used Professional Psychology in Berkeley/Alameda. to make an impact as a psychotherapist to cleanup lead paint hazards in older hous Anne will receive one of the 1991 public serv within a publically funded institution; yet I ing, the primary cause of the epidemic of ice scholarships offered by the Public Employ was uncertain about how to channel these childhood lead poisoning which affects one out ees Roundtable. interests. of every six American children-causing IQ re Throughout her undergraduate college ca Although others might consider me a "dis ductions, reading and learning disabilities, re reer, Anne devoted herself to caring for and abled" person, I perceive myself as chal duced attention span, hyperactivity and other counseling others. At the same time, she had lenged rather than disadvantaged. I do make learning and behavioral problems. to overcome her own severe medical prob use of crutches or canes to walk about; yet, By generating revenues from an excise fee lems. Anne knows the hardships she will ex I have been enriched and fortified by the ad on lead, this legislation is consistent with the perience, but even with this knowledge, she is versity which I have faced. My experiences pay-as-you-go requirements of last year's an optimist and excited to gain formal experi contending with a life-threatening and dis budget agreement and will not increase the ence in her chosen field of clinical psychology. abling neuromuscular condition have not Federal budget deficit. Funds will be allocated Anne hopes to work in a public hospital or only enhanced my strength and stamina; the from this trust fund based on a staMory for clinic with economically disadvantaged individ obstacles I have encountered have deepened mula reflecting local needs in terms of poverty uals. Once Anne made her decision to be a my appreciation for life, clarified my goals and lead paint health hazards. To receive and toughened my resolve. psychologist, she has never looked back, al grants each year under the formula, cities and ways intending to help others more in need I aspire to treat clients within public hos States must match a portion of the Federal than herself. Anne is a true public servant. pitals, clinics and physical rehabilitation grant and demonstrate their capacity to carry With her positive attitude and strong record of centers. Specifically, I visualize myself out an effective cleanup program. experience, she will undoubtedly do what she working with people confronting physical The tax will be 75 cents per pound on newly challenges such as life-threatening, chronic, has set out to accomplish. mined lead and 37 cents per pound on recy terminal and disabling conditions. I am cled lead. The price of lead with the tax, how Mr. Speaker, please join with me in letting greatly interested in caring for economically ever, will be roughly the same as it was a dec our colleagues know of Anne's accomplish deprived individuals receiving medical serv ments by entering into the RECORD her win ices within publically funded health facili ade ago-adjusted for inflation. This two-tiered ning essay on helping others and herself suc ties, since I am especially sensitive to the tax structure will provide strong incentives for ceed. Anne's essay, titled "Why I Have Cho unique problems which are encountered by expanded recycling of lead, a major environ sen To Pursue a Government Career," shows low-income ill and disabled persons. mental goal. Consumers will most frequently exactly why Anne was indeed chosen as the I desire the finest training possible in see this tax reflected in the price of a car bat recipient of the scholarship award. Anne Leslie order to make the most profound and lasting tery which will increase by about $15. Since Asher is a superb American and will be a truly difference within the field of clinical psy most car batteries last 4 to 5 years, the actual splendid public servant. chology. I have been admitted to the Doctor cost to the consumer will amount to only $3 WHY I HAVE CHOSEN TO PURSUE A PUBLIC of Psychology program at the outstanding per year. SERVICE CAREER California School of Professional Psychology The Secretary of Health and Human Serv (By Anne Leslie Asher) in Berkeley/Alameda, and I will begin my ices will review and approve local plans-(in Throughout the past nineteen years I have studies there during the coming fall semes consultation with the Department of Housing remained determined to pursue a public serv ter. I am confident that my doctoral training and Urban Development). A minimum of 75 ice career within the field of psychology. It will allow me to attain my professional goals percent of· the funds will go into actual clean is natural that I would aspire to become a within public service. No accomplishment ups, with 1O percent allowed for inspections to psychologist, since the range of options could give me a greater sense of satisfaction identify the worst hazards, 5 percent for train within this profession includes the diverse and achievement than assisting ill and dis ing contractors and workers, 5 percent for pursuits to which I was exposed during my abled patients within public health facilities oversight and quality assurance, and 3 per childhood and adolescence. Due to the influ to lead the most independent, productive and cent for counseling occupants in lead poison ence of my parents' wide variety of abilities fulfilling lives possible! and interests, I am both empirically and ar ing prevention methods. Only 2 percent will be tistically-oriented. Psychology draws from permitted for administrative expenses. A statu science and the arts in a unique manner, and tory requirement will guarantee that funds will I would be hard pressed to suggest a field be targeted to low income families. which more exhaustively utilizes this wealth This legislation is the product of months of of perspectives! deliberation, drafting and revision by a great 18808 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 many people. The final product is a bill of area median income; an official of the local year shall be a product of the amount in the which everyone involved can be proud. I rec public health agency certifies the presence of fund on October 1 and a percentage reflecting ognize, however, that it is not the final word a lead hazard; an official of the local housng the entity's need compared to the need of agency certifies the abatement plan and other eligible entities. An entity's need is ex on this issue. I look forward to the constructive costs are commensurate with the risk identi pressed as the mean of three percentages. comments and suggestions of my colleagues fied; and workers and contractors have met The first variable reflects the number of and other interested parties for further im federally approved accreditation standards. children living in poverty in the entity as a provements in this legislation. It is incumbent (f) ISSUANCE OF PROGRAM STANDARDS.-The percentage of the number of children living upon those who would criticize the tax portion Secretary will issue regulations to imple in poverty in all elible entities. The second of this bill to suggest a viable alternative. To ment this legislation within one year of en variable reflects the number of families liv suggest continued inaction is not an accept actment using the notice and comment proc ing in pre-1950 housing in all eligible enti able criticism of this bill. ess. The regulations will be revised 18 ties. The third variable reflects the number My deepest gratitude is extended to the En months later and every 24 months subse of families living in pre-1960 housing as a quently. The Secretary of HUD, the Adminis percentage of the number of families living vironmental Defense Fund and the Alliance to trator of EPA and an advisory council will in pre-1960 housing in all eligible entities. End Childhood Lead Poisoning for their lead advise the Secretary on the regulations and (k) CITIZENS' SUITS.-Any person may ership in saving children from lead poisoning standards pertaining to this program. If the bring an action against the Secretary where and their assistance in drafting this legislation. Secretary fails to issue regulations within there is an alleged failure to perform any act The original idea for this bill came from the one year of enactment, the regulations in ef or duty under this section that is not discre EDF report "Legacy of Lead" and staff from fect in the State of Massachusetts will be tionary with the Secretary. both EDF and the Alliance worked tirelessly in considered applicable for the federal pro (1) EVALUATION OF PROGRAM.-The Sec helping me craft the bill I introduce today. gram. retary will provide for evaluations of the (g) SPECIFIC STANDARDS.-The regulations program and will report to Congress no later The national mandate to wipe out lead paint issued under paragraph (f) will specify stand than February 1 of 1994 summarizing the poisoning was established by Congress 20 ards for conducting inspection activities, findings of such reports. years ago. Since then little action has been abatement activities, monitoring activities, (m) DEFINITIONS.- taken as millions of American children con training activities and lead counseling. The SECTION 201-THE TAX tinue to suffer from this fully preventable dis standards will specify standards for identify An excise tax is created on lead removed ease. This bill provides the urgently needed ing significant lead-based paint hazards in from any United States smelter or lead and resources to wage a concerted attack on the eligible structures, including methods and any taxable lead product entering the United nation's most severe lead poisoning problems. standards for determining the level of lead in States for consumption, use or warehousing. paint and interior surface dust as well as de The amount of the tax to be imposed shall be I urge my colleagues to join me in sponsoring termining when temporary housing is called this legislation. $0. 75 per pound on primary lead and $0.37 per for. The regulations shall specify standards pound on secondary lead. Imports shall be The following is a section-by-section expla for making the determination that abate nation of the bill: considered to be primary lead unless the per ment activities have adequately abated the son liable for the tax establishes to the satis SECTION-BY-SECTION ExPLANATION hazards involved and rendered the structure faction of the Secretary of the Treasury that SECTION 101.-THE PROGRAM. safe for occupancy. any portion of the lead is secondary. The tax (a) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.-This paragraph (h) APPROVABLE PLANS.-To receive a grant will terminate ten years after enactment. gives the Secretary authority to make an eligible public entity must submit a plan to the Secretary not later than May 1 of the SECTION 202.-THE TRUST FUND grants from the trust fund. It defines eligible Any funds collected by the above tax will entities as states, cities over 100,000 and preceding fiscal year containing agreements to abide by the requirements of the program. accrue to the Lead Abatement Trust Fund urban counties over 200,000 that submit an which shall be available only for the pur approvable plan of action to the Secretary. In addition, the public entity must have in poses of making grants under Section 101. For any fiscal year a grant under $250,000 effect local laws providing for the enforce will be terminated and those funds redistrib ment of federal standards. One agreement uted to other eligible entities in the same must provide for the continued occupancy by fiscal year. low income families of residential structures CHANGES IN YUGOSLAVIA HAVE (b) ENTITLEMENT STATUS.-Eligible entities that receive federal funds for abatement ac LED TO THE BRINK OF CIVIL WAR are entitled to their share as established by tivities. To enforce this requirement a lien formula of any funds in the trust fund as of must be attached to any property in the HON. RICK SANTORUM October 1 of the fiscal year. The bill creates amount of the federal assistance for a period an entitlement to this share for the eligible equal to one month for every thousand dol OF PENNSYLVANIA public entity, but does not create an entitle lars expended. These agreements will not be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES considered violated if the income of the resi ment status for any individual. An entitle Wednesday, July 17, 1991 ment is created only to the extent that mon dents was at or below the required level prior ies exist in the trust fund, only to the degree to the abatement. Grant recipients must also Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. Speaker, as Yugo that the local matching requirements are certify compliance with federal requirements slavia steps into the future toward greater met, and only if the grant is not terminated for the most recent year in which the entity freedom and democracy, shadows have ap because it is less than $250,000 or is not used received federal funding. peared of past dissension and militancy. within 18 months of allocation. (i) ANNUAL REPORTS-Public entities re ceiving assistance must submit to the Sec These tensions and other recent changes in (C) MATCHING FUNDS.-The local matching Yugoslavia have led that country to the brink requirement starts at 5% in the first fiscal retary reports documenting: sources and year a grant is received and increases 5 per amounts of non-federal contributions; the of civil war. cent each subsequent year until it reaches 25 number of children screened for elevated Despite the efforts of both the United States percent. This paragraph defines eligible blood lead levels and the number determined and the European Community to encourage forms of non-federal contributions. to have elevated blood lead levels; the change, certain Yugoslavian republics have (d) PURPOSE OF GRANTS.-Defines the pur amount of funds expended for each eligible decided that the time has finally arrived for po pose of the grants: inspecting residential activity; and the types of housing for which litical self-determination. The right of citizens structures and child care centers for lead abatement funds were utilized. In addition, to determine their own future should be vigor hazards (no more than 10 percent of grant the entity must report the number of eligible can be expended for inspection); abating lead structures with respect to which: inspection ously supported. Clearly, this principle was hazards; disposing of debrie from abate activities were conducted; significant lead central to the concept of nationhood of our ments; providing temporary housing during based hazards were identified; abatement ac own Founding Fathers. abatements; monitoring the abatements for tivities were commenced; abatement activi On June 25, 1991 the republics of Slovenia safety and effectiveness (limited to 5 percent ties were completed and determined to have and Croatia took the dramatic steps of declar of grant amount); training workers and con been adequately abated; abatement activi ing their independence from the federation. tractors (5 percent limit); counseling fami ties were completed and were determined to Slovenia has begun to exercise its increased lies at risk (3 percent limit). Administrative have failed to adequately abate the hazards autonomy by securing its international border involved. A list of the addresses of the eligi costs are capped at 2 percent of the grant positions. This action resulted in a use of force amount. ble structures and their owners must also be (e) PROGRAM SAFEGUARDS.-No abatement provided to the Secretary. by the Serbian-dominated Yugoslavian Peo can begin unless: the residents of the struc (j) ALLOTMENTS.-The amount of an allot ple's Army [JPA]. The use of force was suc ture have an income less than 80 percent of ment for an eligible public entity for a fiscal cessfully resisted by Slovenian defense forces July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18809 and now a tenuous cease fire exists. The fed A SALUTE TO JOB MASHARIKI a national tour. The chorus performed across eral government now appears willing to allow the country in Dallas, Minneapolis, Lincoln, Slovenian independence. HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS Detroit, New York, Boston, Washington, and Croatia has advanced its independence OF NEW YORK Seattle. measures with more moderation because of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Over the years, the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus has endured tremendous per its large Serbian population and potential for Wednesday, July 17, 1991 ethnic conflict. Serbia, the largest member of sonal tragedy. More than 75 members of the the federation, has vowed to resist Croatian Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to chorus have died in recent years from AIDS. independence for fear the Serbian Croates recognize the monumental efforts of Job In an effort to help, the chorus has generously would suffer as minorities in an independent Mashariki. performed at numerous fundraising benefits Croatia. Because of the sensitive nature of Mr. Mashariki has devoted his life to enrich for AIDS research and relief. Individual mem this relationship a potential for intense vio ing the community by becoming involved in bers of the chorus have also contributed to lence exists. numerous projects and volunteer programs their community by volunteering as caregivers designed to enhance and enrich the eco and service providers. The problems confronting the people of the nomic, social, political, and cultural life of Mr. Speaker, in the decade since the land Balkans are extremely complex. Any solution Brooklyn. He has held pioneering leadership mark national tour, the San Francisco Gay to this crisis must take into account the histori roles in numerous groups and organizations Men's Chorus has brought happiness to many, cal realities of the region. Rivalry, ambition, including: the Black Agenda Convention Con hope and comfort to those in despair, and an and conflict have plagued this corner of the sortium of Brooklyn Organizations, Black Vet understanding and brotherhood to men and world for hundreds of years. erans for Social Justice, and the New York women who have been shunned by society In past centuries, the control of the Balkans Urban Coalition. because of their individuality. The chorus' con by the Austria-Hungary Habsburg monarchy to In 1977, the death of Randolph Evans com tributions and accomplishments are most note the north and by the Ottoman Turks to the pelled Mr. Mashariki to become involved in the worthy and I am honored to bring their south has left an indelible mark on the Balkan struggle to create a lasting memorial to this achievements before the Congress. republics. The republics are fundamentally dif young man. Over the years, .he has partici ferent from one another; religious, economic, pated in many meetings, rallies, demonstra political, and ethnic diversity characterize the tions, and strategy sessions. This activism led CLEVELAND'S UNEMPLOYMENT region. These factors have created historical to the establishment of the Coalition for Eco CRISIS divisions which 70 years under the flag of nomic Fairness and Justice, a fund which pro Yugoslavia have only been able to contain, vides scholarship support for poor and minor HON. LOUIS STOKES not resolve. ity youth. For over a decade Mr. Mashariki has OF OHIO After World War I, Yugoslavia was created worked on behalf of youth. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to prevent the further outbreak of war in the I salute Job Mashariki for his vision and Wednesday, July 17, 1991 region. At the insistence of Croatia and Slove commitment to the young people of Brooklyn. Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to nia a federal republic was formed in order to bring to the attention of my colleagues a por ensure their collective security and prevent tion of a very interesting series of articles that domination by external forces. This served as THE SAN FRANCISCO GAY MEN'S CHORUS were recently published in the Cleveland Plain a unifying force in the Balkans. After World Dealer. This series focuses on the plight of the War II the combination of the commanding unemployed in the Greater Cleveland area. force of Marshal Tito, Communism, and fed HON. NANCY PELOSI The Plain Dealer series provided an indepth eral troops preserved the "territorial integrity" OF CALIFORNIA examination of the unemployment crisis from a and legal standing of the state. Now that most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES number of perspectives. Ti1is first section of of the "glue" which had preserved the state Wednesday, July 17, 1991 the series takes a look at racial factors in get has evaporated, the underlying frictions have ting a job, and the generally exhausting task been allowed to rise to the surface. Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I rise to recog finding a job can be. The tensions which have accumulated dur nize the achievements of the San Francisco I want to commend the Cleveland Plain ing that span are being expressed. The task Gay Men's Chorus. Dealer for the publication of this very inform for policymakers in Washington and the Euro For more than a decade, the San Francisco ative series. The various reporters who con pean Community, is to encourage discussions Gay Men's Chorus has striven to change the tributed to this work should also be com and prevent the proliferation of arms. The re perceptions of gay men and lesbians every mended. publics of Yugoslavia may join the ranks of the where, worked for the advancement of their Mr. Speaker, I hope my colleagues will take western nations, not by resorting to armed rights, and helped to achieve public recogni a moment to read this most interesting series. conflict but through economic and social re tion of their contributions to the greater good. [From the Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 15, forms. This will not be easy. We hope that Their primary means of accomplishing this 1991] there now exist the mechanisms to resolve monumental task has been through music and RACE Is A FACTOR IN JOB INTERVIEWS- conflict through a peaceful and democratic their vocal talents. BLACKS TREATED DIFFERENTLY, STUDY SAYS process. The chorus began on a tragic day in No (By Rodney Ferguson) vember 1978, when San Francisco Mayor International pressure to encourage peace WASHINGTON-If you are young, black and George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk interviewing for a job, you are less likely to ful negotiations, halting the influx of arms to were slain in their city hall offices. That night be considered for it than your white counter the region, and attending to the civil and a group of gay men gathered on the steps of part-even if your qualifications are equal, human rights of the ethnic minorities should the San Francisco City Hall to sing a memorial according to a study released yesterday by be priorities. The bloodshed caused by the ter hymn as a gesture of unity with the residents the Urban Institute. rifying use of arms during recent weeks lends of a city that had suddenly found itself gripped The report matched 476 pairs of young proof to the importance of this goal. male job-seekers in Washington, D.C., and in by panic and stunned by grief. Chicago-one black, one white-with vir Armed struggle in this region has tradition Less than a month later, on December 20, tually identical academic records, work ex ally ended in tragedy for the people. The les the original group of men and others made perience and personality profiles. The can sons of World War I and World War 11 should their official debut as the San Francisco Gay didates, the report said, were matched so be enough to discourage the citizens of these Men's Chorus. It was the first chorus in the closely that any difference in treatment republics from the use of violence against one world to openly and bravely identify itself as "could only be attributable to race." another. Unfortunately, armed clashes this consisting of homosexual men. The candidates were sent to interview for year alone have resulted in the deaths of the same job, chosen at random from classi For the first few years, the chorus primarily fied advertisements in the Washington Post scores of citizens. Every effort should be performed for audiences in its beloved home and Chicago Tribune. made to promote a peaceful solution and pre city of San Francisco. Then, in June 1981, it The report concludes that when all factors vent further tragedy from occurring. decided to undertake a pioneering effort with except race are equal, the white candidate 18810 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 moved further along in the job process 20% The Urban Institute is a private, non-profit cities like Cleveland on a loss of manufactur of the time, while the black candidate moved research group. The study was funded by the ing jobs in the 1970s and '80s and a work force further only 7% of the time. Rockefeller Foundation. that is unprepared for high-tech and service The results confirm a suspicion many jobs that have emerged in recent years. black people say is common knowledge in [From the Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 16, Cleveland NAACP Director Pauline Tarver their communities, that a young white man 1991) was not surprised by the latest employment is more often encouraged to submit an appli CITY'S BLACK JOBLESS RATE HIGHEST IN figures because she has seen an increase in cation, more successful in securing an inter UNITED STATES the number of job discrimination complaints view, and more likely to be offered a job during the first four months of this year. than a young black man is. (By Norman Parish and Michael Sangiacomo) "We had 475 complaints in the early part of "I'm not the least bit surprised by these this year, but normally we have only 600 in statistics," remarked Pauline Tarver, direc Cleveland had the highest unemployment rate for blacks and the second largest overall a year." Tarver said. "Elected officials and tor of the Cleveland branch of the NAACP. business leaders need to see what we can do She said 90% of complaints from people who rate among the nation's big cities last year, according to U.S. Labor Department statis to address unemployment in the city, par fail to get a job or a promotion come from ticularly as it relates to black males." young black males. tics. Black job applicants were more likely to One in five of the city's employable blacks Kenneth Moore, labor market analyst for (20.7%) and more than one in eight of all em the Ohio Bureau of Employment Services in experience "negative comments, longer Columbus, says the high price of labor is an waits for scheduled appointments, and cur ployable Clevelanders (13.8%) were unem ployed in 1990. The city's 9% white unem other reason for high unemployment in sory interviews" than white applicants, the Cleveland. report says. ployment rate, which ranked as the third In one case, the white candidate was told a worst in the national survey, was less than "We have lost a lot of jobs to the sun belt," job was a "great prospect and offered great half of Cleveland's black unemployment Moore said, "Some of the factories in the opportunity for future advancement." The rate, statistics show. In 1989, Cleveland also Cleveland area are aging. It is a lot cheaper interviewer was less encouraging with the had the highest rate of black unemployment to build new factories than fix up the old black candidate, telling him the job involved in the survey. ones, especially when you take into account "drudge work," and that "your supervisor Cleveland Mayor Michael R. White hasn't that labor is cheaper in the South." will work your butt off." seen the statistics, but the results did not The effects on unemployment are wide The report, commented co-author Margery surprise him. ranging, causing instant despair among Turner, "contradicts the view that reverse "I walk the streets, I walk the neighbor those searching unsuccessfully for work to discrimination is commonplace." hoods, I see the results of unemployment," increasing costs to support the numerous The report comes amid an intense lobbying he said yesterday. "In one way or another, safety nets of the newly unemployed, experts effort by both business and civil rights we all will pay for this problem, whether it's say. groups over a federal civil rights bill. If it in welfare costs or having a man break into Tidwell, who has done several studies on passes, the bill would overturn a half dozen your home. We all pay sooner or later." unemployment for the Urban League, said Supreme Court decisions that made it more The annual survey examines the unem that unemployment, particularly in minor difficult for minorities to sue employers for ployment rates of 17 large U.S. cities, includ ity communities, actually was much higher discrimination. ing 13 by race. About 60,000 households were than what national figures show. He said un President Bush vetoed a similar measure sampled nationally for the survey. Because employment figures did not factor in "hid last year, and has stated his opposition to of the survey's sample size, there is an error den unemployment," those who are unem the "quotas" he says businesses would be range of plus or minus 5%, officials said. ployed but not counted by the system. forced to use to comply with the law. The The department's Bureau of Labor Statis Government labor analysts count only House will consider the measure next week, tics is scheduled to release a report on 1990 those looking for jobs, not those who have and the Senate will look at it this summer. unemployment figures next month. dropped out of the job hunt and those who Ralph Neas, executive director of the Lead White said Cleveland businesses should are underemployed because they have part ership Conference on Civil Rights and an ad take stock of their employees and see just time jobs, Tidwell said. vocate of the bill, thinks the study may con how many Cleveland residents and minori Because of the undercount, Tidwell said, vince some undecided members that the civil ties they have. Cleveland's black unemployment rate could rights bill is necessary "to overturn those "We need a total commitment by busi be 30% to 35%. disastrous Supreme Court decisions." nesses and the community to hire Cleve "That is depression-level unemployment," Women were not included in the study. Un landers and minorities," he said, "It's better Tidwell said. "The numbers for (black) teens employment and wage rates for black women to have a person working for you on the in are probably even higher. Based on the adult are traditionally fairly close to those of side than outside throwing rocks." figures, teen unemployment could be 50 to 70 white women, experts say, which makes the Cleveland's high unemployment rate percent." problem of discrimination among black men among blacks has a significant impact be High unemployment is not new in Cleve even more acute. cause nearly half of the city's population is land. Last year, the city had the second That situation should prompt policy mak black. highest ranking overall unemployment rate, ers to take a hard look at the report, said The Labor Department's study shows that 12.8%, and the highest black unemployment Ronald B. Mincy of the Washington-based St. Louis had the second highest black un rate, 21.6%. And for most of the 1980s, the Urban Institute, and work "to give black employment rate, 18.9%; Chicago, third, city's black unemployment figures were near children access to two earners . . . because 18.6%; Detroit, fourth, 16.1 %; and Milwaukee, or surpassed 20%. their fathers are not working, and when they fifth, 17.5%. In 1982, the black unemployment rate do work, they are working at low wages." Detroit's 16.1 % overall unemployment rate peaked at 24.5%. Overall unemployment fig Unemployment rates for young black men was the highest in the country-more than ures in other larger Ohio cities were consid are three times as high as for young white double the national average of 5.5%. erably lower in 1990. men, and black men get paid only two-thirds Nationally the unemployment rate for For example, the unemployment rate in of what their white counterparts earn. blacks was 11.3%-twice the 4.7% unemploy Columbus was 4.5%; Dayton, 7.9%; Cin A similar Urban Institute study in 1989 ment rate for whites. Milwaukee had the cinnati, 5.2%; and Akron, 6.5%. found that the situation was even worse for largest disparity between white and black "The major reason for the unemployment Hispanics than for blacks. That study said unemployment. While white unemployment difference (between Cleveland and the other whites were advanced in job interviews over in Milwaukee was among the survey's lowest Ohio cities) is the shift from manufacturing Hispanics 31 % of the time. at 2.8%, it was more than six times lower to service-producing industries," said Roger The results were most dismal for young than the black unemployment rate. Fleming, assistant director of the labor mar black men who seek relatively high-paying "The large disparity between blacks and ket information division of the Ohio Bureau jobs in sales and service. They were even less whites had to do with the large discrimina of Employment Services in Columbus. likely to be encouraged in their search for tion in the labor market," said Billy Tidwell, Mayor White said there would be no solu jobs that called for extensive contact with director of research at the National Urban tion until business, government and school the public. League in Washington, D.C. leaders get together and address the prob The study found that black applicants Experts blame the disparity between black lems. were treated worse in Washington than in and white unemployment on education, bla "There is no magic wand to wave that will Chicago. The study also concluded that tant racism, racial segregation or jobs being fix everything, and it's going to get worse black men were not more likely to face located outside the immediate reach of before it gets better," he said. "We have al greater discrimination in the suburbs of Chi blacks. lowed our educational system to be run by cago or Washington that in the cities them At the same time, experts blame overall politics. When you have non-productive peo selves. unemployment problems in Midwestern ple in society, you have the problems with July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18811 welfare, crime and law enforcement. We need that left me out. I'd love to be back there always the same. I go in and they are very to work on this together." again, parking cars, working a little bit in nice. I fill out an application and ask about sales. an interview. They say they'll call. They [From the Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 17, "I hear some people complaining about never do." 1991] their jobs and it drives me crazy," he said. "I Holt sighed, looked around the employ FOR MANY, SEEKING EMPLOYMENT Is A JOB IN tell them to quit, give me their job. I don't ment office at the other people waiting. ITSELF care what it is. I'll take anything." "I don't know," he said. "It's very depress ing. It takes a lot just to keep your head up (By Michael Sangiacomo) For the last week of April, 16,200 people were signed up for unemployment in the four and keep trying. Nowadays, I don't even ex The unemployed sat stone-faced, staring Cleveland area bureaus. Those were the peo pect a job anymore. I keep trying just to straight ahead, silent. They didn't talk be ple on active unemployment, meaning they keep myself going. I just wish they wouldn't cause it seemed pointless to burden each are still seeking a job and are compensated lie to me." other with tales of similar pa.in. with weekly unemployment checks for 26 The people interviewed that day at the un Instead, they read the posters on the wall weeks. But Cleveland residents could have employment office didn't feel they were of the Ohio Bureau of Employment Services registered in other cities, and people from being singled out for joblessness because office on Euclid Ave., stared down at the other cities could have registered here. they were black, white, male or female. They thin, gray carpet, and waited. It's even tougher to determine the number blamed the state of the economy. They said Most looked sad. Too many had the vacant of the city's hidden unemployed. Those are the general economy of the nation caused look of those who face too many lines, too the people who have been out of work for so plants to close up and lay off people. many applications and too little hope. long they no longer receive unemployment "I was making boxes that are used for gift They were among the 22,400 Cleveland un compensation, and those who have stopped boxes by people like the May Co. and employed, part of the mass that gave the trying to find work. It's estimated there are Higbee's," said Pamela Goldy, 26. "I was city the distinction of having the highest 10% to 15% more people in that category very good at operating the machine at the black unemployment rate of 17 major U.S. than those signed up for employment com Color Tech Coating and Finishing Co. I was cities and the second-highest unemployment pensation. sick for a while. When I returned, I was laid rate overall. off because they had to cut back. I was good Among them was Pierre Nappier. He was The statistics also can't measure the de feats, the disappointments and the icy fear at making boxes, there aren't many other waiting to sort out a problem with a missing places around where they make boxes." employment check, his mind racing about of men and women who wonder how they will support their families. Her wound is fresh. She was laid off last the events that led him there. week. "I'm 49 years old," he said. "I have worked Julius West, manager of the employment Jackie Carter, the woman who was laid off my entire life, my entire life. This is all new section of the Euclid Ave. office, said that in the day she returned from maternity leave, to me. I just want to work. I'm no good at the last 11 months, the office found jobs for was not upset with her former employers. being unemployed." 2,100 people. He hopes to help 2,800 people get She didn't even want to name them for fear Unemployment can hit you like a heart at back on the job market by June but fears he they would be embarrassed. tack, swift and unexpected. One minute will fall short of that goal. Carter said if she didn't get a job offer you're working, and the next you're on the "I come in and I see all the people waiting soon, she planned to take her two young street with the pictures of your wife and kids for help and I see it as a challenge," he said. children and move. torn from the wall. The place you once re "It fires me up. Then when I think about all "We moved to Cleveland in 1987 because garded as a part of your life has rejected you. the people we have helped find work, I'm the job opportunities were better," she said. When Jackie Carter, 25, was laid off, it was elated. "I grew up in Cuyahoga Falls. Now we hear a total shock. She never saw it coming. It "I think we've all come to realize that we that Atlanta has a lot of opportunities for was her first day back, from a five-month can't help everyone," he said. "But we can blacks, so does Washington, D.C. and Balti maternity leave. She walked into her office help a few." more." in the credit accounting department of a No one at the unemployment office was Several others also talked about leaving large downtown firm and was welcomed back surprised that a U.S. Labor Department the city for other places where they can get by her colleagues. They happily chatted study showed Cleveland had the highest per a job, any job as long as it pays a living about her new baby, passed around photos. centage of unemployed blacks among 17 wage. "They put some candy on my desk," she large U.S. cities and the second-highest over "I'm ready for anything," said Johnson, "I recalled. "It was great to be back. You see, all unemployment rate in 1989 and 1990. think you've got to keep showing that you I really loved my job." "I know it," said Calvin Stanley, a 40-year are ready and willing to work and keep try That day she sat down and was readjusting old Cleveland carpenter, who was in the un ing. Stay with it, don't give up, and some her desk and getting ready to begin work employment office with his 10-month-old thing's got to come your way." again. Her boss came over and said there was daughter Nephetiah. "It's bad out there. I've a layoff and she was among the casualties. been laid off for two months. I go through Bang. She hadn't been back at work a half the carpenters union for jobs and they said POSTMASTER HAL HEMMINGSEN, hour. there are 225 carpenters out of work." GLENDALE, CA Other times, unemployment creeps up Stanley was the exception in the unem slowly, like cancer. You get the hints, the ployment office. He stood out because he warnings and then one day, it's over. smiled and laughed as he played with his HON.CARLOSJ. MOORHEAD Nappier, an attendance officer at the daughter. He didn't seem to carry the weight OF CALIFORNIA Cleveland Job Counseling Center, said that of worry on his shoulders. When asked why IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in January there was a change in manage he didn't seem as crushed as the others, he Wednesday, July 17, 1991 ment. There was a lot of talk about coming smiled and said, "It's in God's hands." changes in the operation. Seniority was For those who have not succumbed to de Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I take this wiped out, so his 17 years on the job now spair, or, as one man put it "surrendered to opportunity to acknowledge before my col counted for nothing. After four weeks of liv the lure of making money illegally through leagues in the House of Representatives an ing with the anxiety of not knowing who drugs and crime," living with unemployment exemplary citizen and civil servant, postmaster would be forced out, the bell tolled for him. is a daily struggle. Hal Hemmingsen of Glendale, CA. Mr. The ax fell, and he joined the ranks of the Roy Holt, 37, has been "out there" for a lit Hemmingsen has served the Glendale com tle more than a year since his job buffing unemployed in Cleveland. munity with unwavering dedication, loyalty, Nappier, Carter and the thousands of oth floors ended with the Lubrizol Co., of Euclid, ers who got the bad news now make frequent an office-cleaning company. and professionalism for 30 years both in his pilgrimages to the employment office with a It showed on his face. He has lost count of official position with U.S. Postal Service and in single hope: getting back what they once the number of jobs he has tried for and the his volunteer activities. had. number of times he was told, "We'll call Appointed acting postmaster of Glendale on On this day, a Friday, several dozen people you." July 7, 1961, Hal was named to the position were in the building. Most people show up "Every week I look through the want ads permanently on June 8, 1963, by President earlier in the week. in the Sunday paper, that's the big day," he John F. Kennedy, one of the last postmasters "It's rough, man," said Gregory Johnson, said. "I look for almost anything that I can commissioned during his Presidency. Kennedy 31. "It's hard. People with jobs don't know handle-truck driver, floor waxer, furniture what it's like being out here, day after day, refinisher-anything. I gave up being choosy also selected Hal as one of 15 Postal Service trying to find work. I used to work at a long time ago. representatives to the Federal Executive Azelrod Pontiac and I really liked it, but "Then early Monday morning I call them Board. Hal served for 8 years heading the there was a change of administration there and try to set up interviews," he said "It's Board's Management Improvement Center. 18812 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 Under his leadership the Glendale Post Of have rejoiced as the countries of Eastern Eu and his dedication to his family and contribu fice has served 190,000 residents at 90,000 rope are breaking free from Communist rule. tions to western New York will long be remem delivery points. Last year it had total revenues Unfortunately, the Soviet Union has been re bered and admired. Following is a page 1 arti of $28 million, total expenses of $16 million, luctant to release their hold on the Baltic cle from the July 10, Buffalo News, detailing and an employee complement of 400. Hal States. Hence, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, his career: considers the construction of two Glendale remain on the list of captive nations. JUSTICE DILLON DIES FOLLOWING HEART post offices during his tenure among his most The Baltic countries became captive nations ATTACK important accomplishments. as a direct result of the 1939 Molotov-Ribben (By Anthony Cardinale) In addition to his formal postal duties, Hal trop Pact signed by Hitler's Nazi Germany and Justice Michael F. Dillon, presiding justice has served as a president of the National As Stalin's Communist Soviet Union. Through this of the Appellate Division of State Supreme sociation of Postmasters and as an editor of pact, Hitler and Stalin divided Eastern Europe Court in Rochester, suffered a fatal heart at its publication the Postmasters Gazette. He re into spheres of influence. The Soviet Union tack Tuesday evening while giving a speech cently received a national award from the has attempted to hold the Baltic States captive in Albany. Postmaster General, Anthony M. Frank, for his ever since. Despite numerous attempts to Dillon, 64, a former Erie County district attorney, was speaking at a retirement din role in speaking to numerous local community erase the memory of independence from the ner for State Criminal Justice Coordinator -organizations about the U.S. Postal Service minds of Baltic citizens, the Soviet Union has John Poklemba in the Holiday Inn Turf. He and its programs. been unable to crush the invincible Baltic spir was taken to Albany Memorial Hospital Active in community affairs, Hal has contrib it. Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians are about 10:30 p.m. and was pronounced dead uted his time and leadership skills serving as well aware of the Soviet's illegal occupation of there. chairman of the Glendale Community Chest their homeland and yearn for freedom from "He had a heart attack while making a Board in 1963-64; chairman, Glendale Com Soviet Communist domination. speech in Albany and has passed away," said munity United Way Board in 1965-66; chair Although the Baltic nations have taken great his brother, John Dillon. Dillon, a Democrat, was re-elected without man of the 1968 Verdugo Hills area United strides forward in their struggle for independ opposition in 1987 to another 14-year term in Crusade; and chairman, Verdugo Hills United ence, the events of the last year and a half il the Appellate Division, 4th Department. The Way Board, 1969-70. He is a past com lustrate the unwillingness of the Soviet Union Orchard Park resident had been nominated mander and honorary life member of American to fully release these captive nations. The So at separate conventions by the Democratic, Legion Post 127. viet Union is reluctant to acknowledge the Republican, Conservative and Liberal par Cognizant of others' needs, Hal founded the independence of the Baltics and has reacted ties. Glendale Committee To Recognize Vietnam with repeated military intimidation and eco At the time, Chief Justice Sol Wachtler Veterans which sponsored an all-day festival nomic boycotts. Despite such hardships, the said he considered Dillon a worthy choice for advancement to the Court of Appeals, the at Verdugo Park to honor Vietnam veterans people of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have state's highest tribunal. A tough prosecutor and their families. not given up the hope for complete freedom and attractive candidate, Dillon enthralled I, and other members of the Glendale com and their parliamentary leaders are currently voters and captured the imagination of polit munity, value Hal's contributions. The Glen undergoing negotiations with Soviet leaders to ical kingmakers throughout his stellar ca dale Board of Realtors recognized Hal for his coordinate economic relations based on free reer. outstanding community activities with its first trade. Dillon got his first taste of public office as Community Service award in 1971. In 1975, It is important that the United States gives corporation counsel and acting city judge in he received the Glendale Chamber of Com its full support to peoples seeking self-deter his native Lackawanna. He was elected dis trict attorney after a whirlwind campaign in merce's Recognition Award for Distinguished mination. I would like to take this occasion of 1963, becoming the first Democrat to win Service to the City of Glendale. Captive Nations Week to make clear to my that office in three decades. He was re-elect Residents of the Glendale area continue to colleagues the difficult road to freedom that ed in 1965 and 1969. benefit from postmaster Hemmingsen's serv still remains for the people of the Baltic States. Dillon ran unsuccessfully for Erie County ice endeavors. Currently Hal is president of executive in 1967. the advisory board of the Positive Directions At a testimonial dinner for Dillon in 1973 Activity Center; president, Jewel City 29 A TRIBUTE TO JUSTICE MICHAEL in the Hearthstone Manor in Depew. then Toastmasters Club; and president, Glendale DILLON Democratic State Chairman Joseph F. Crangle told the nearly 2,000 in attendance Committee to Recognize Veterans. He also is that Dillon was a strong contender for the a member of the Optimist Club of Glendale, HON. HENRY J. NOWAK party's endorsement to run in 1974 against Glendale Business & Professional Women's OF NEW YORK Gov. Nelson Rockefeller. Club, Kiwanis Club of Glendale, and Sister IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Instead, Dillon found himself elevated to City. the bench the following year. It is my great pleasure to commend post Wednesday, July 17, 1991 In 1973, Dillon became the first candidate master Hal Hemmingsen for his years of out Mr. NOWAK. Mr. Speaker, last week, citi ever to be endorsed by the Democratic and standing service and to wish him all the best zens in western New York were saddened by Republican parties for re-election as district attorney. But he declined the endorsements in the years ahead. the death of State supreme court justice, Mi and ran for State Supreme Court with the chael F. Dillon, a distinguished and valued backing of the Democratic, Republican, Con public servant. His career spanned more than servative and Liberal parties. CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK three decades, starting in ·1958 as corporation He was named an associate justice of the counsel for his native city of Lackawanna. Appellate Division, 4th Department, in 1975 HON. RAYMOND J. McGRATH For 10 years, he was the district attorney of by Gov. Hugh L. Carey to replace the late Walter J. Mahoney. Carey elevated Dillon to OF NEW YORK Erie County. I was privileged in 1964 to serve as an assistant district attorney under his ad presiding justice in 1979. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dillon's son, Kevin, is now Erie County dis ministration. In 1973, he was elected a justice Wednesday, July 17, 1991 trict attorney. of the New York State Supreme Court and During his decade as district attorney, Mi Mr. McGRATH. Mr. Speaker, I rise in rec subsequently was designated presiding justice chael Dillon made a reputation for himself ognition of this country's 33d year of com of the appellate division, fourth department, a by raising the conviction rate and launching memorating Captive Nations Week, which ar position he held at his death. investigations against "goldbricking and no rives as the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, A gregarious, energetic man who liked show jobs" in City Hall and against drunken and Lithuania are still struggling for a peaceful meeting the public as well as serving the pub drivers. He also strengthened the office's ap solution to end more than half a century of So lic, Mike Dillon set a sterling example by his peal work. The son of an Erie Railroad boilermaker, viet military occupation. dedication and hard work. He will not only be Dillon attended Our Lady of Victory School Twenty-six million U.S. citizens trace their missed by the judicial system but also by our and Lackawanna High School. During his heritage to one of these countries considered community as someone who served broadly, senior year he worked full time on the 3-to- captive nations. Among these people, Baltic even after his ascendancy to the bench. He 11 shift at the Bliss & Laughlin Steel Co. in Americans along with their relatives abroad, possessed enormous talent and personality South Buffalo. July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18813 He enlisted in the Navy and served in the THE SMALL BUSINESS ECONOM- IC exist in the microloan category. Several pri Pacific Theater in World War II. Upon his re OPPORTUNITY ACT OF 1991 vate, nonprofit community development cor turn home he attended Canisius College and porations throughout the Nation have experi earned a law degree from the University of ence in microlending to women, minority, and Buffalo in 1951. While attending college and HON. THOMAS H. ANDREWS OF MAINE low-income individuals. They have targeted law school, he worked nights in the open and worked with microenterprises in the past. hearth operation at Bethlehem Steel Corp. in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES They are also capable of supplying technical Lackawanna. Wednesday, July 17, 1991 and managerial assistance. Because of their Before entering politics, he practiced law Mr. ANDREWS of Maine. Mr. Speaker, this expertise, private, nonprofit community devel with his two brothers, John and William, in Nation faces a crisis. Small businesses and opment corporations are best suited to handle the law firm Dillon, Dillon, Dillon & Burke. entrepreneurs cannot obtain the seed money the microloan demonstration program. Dillon was elected vice president of the they need to get their ideas from the drawing The current economic condition is more Federation of New York State Judges in 1987. board to the finished product. They ·have dif than a matter of economics. It is a matter of Survivors include his wife, Elaine; four ficulty maintaining or expanding their busi quality of life for present and potential owners other sons, Patrick, Michael, John and Dan nesses. The recession has further worsened of small businesses throughout our Nation. iel and two daughters, Doreen and Moira. the flow of funds. Microloaning is targeted to individuals who are In my State of Maine for example, a coastal closed out of traditional financial markets. It businessman told me he had to go to 20 therefore fosters job creation and enables banks before he could get a loan. Several people to play a more active role within their SALUTE TO SAMM PINN owners of family businesses with good credit local economy. As a result, individuals be records spanning generations have had their come more self-sufficient, and are better pre lines of credit cut off. It seems everyone from pared to enter more traditional financial mar HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS Maine and throughout the rest of New Eng kets in the future. OF NEW YORK land has a horror story to tell. Small business is the nest egg of our Na Mr Speaker I am pleased to introduce today tion's future prosperity. We've got to nurture IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Small Business Economic Opportunity Act and support it. And if we do, it will pay us Wednesday, July 17, 1991 of 1991, which amends section 7 of the Small back many times over in the future. Business Act with a new demonstration loan I insert a copy of this bilt in the RECORD: Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to program. This program will assist entre H.R.- give my salutations to Mr. Samm Pinn, lifelong preneurs who have promising plans for start Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep resident of Bedford Stuyvesant, educator, ing or maintaining successful businesses but resentatives of the United States of America in scholar, social and political activist. Over the who have particular difficulties in getting those Congress assembled, years Sam Pinn has received numerous plans off of the ground. The health and vitality SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. of small business is essential for future eco This Act may be cited as the "Small Busi awards in recognition for his outstanding con ness Economic Opportunity Enhancement tributions in community service, community nomic growth. Monetary assistance in the form Act of 1991". development and the constant struggle for jus of "microloans" is one way to foster that SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS AND PtJR.. tice and liberation of African American people. health and vitality. POSE; PROGRAM DESCRIPl'ION. As a member of the Small Business Com (a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that-- Samm is the founder and current chairman mittee, I am very aware of the problems of (1) nationwide, there are many individuals of the Ft. Greene Senior Citizens Council, Inc., credit availability in New England and the Na who possess skills that, with certain short past chairman of Independent Brooklyn tion, after participating in four credit crunch term assistance, could enable them to be CORE, and a founding member of the come successfully self-employed; hearings in Washington, Boston, and my dis (2) many of these individuals are currently Randolp Evans Crisis and Scholarship Fund. trict of Maine. The credit crunch is real. It is receiving public assistance through pro Mr. Pinn's achievements are a result of years affecting several small businesses. And, in grams such as unemployment insurance, wel of arduous study. He holds a bachelor of arts rural States like Maine, whose economic base fare, or aid for dependent children; degree from Morgan State, a masters in social consists primarily of small businesses with (3) many more talented and skilled individ work degree from Rutgers University and an less than 20 employees, my constituents have uals who are employed in low-wage occupa suffered from the unavailability of credit due to tions could, with sufficient opportunity, honorary doctor of law degree from Mary start their own small business concerns, Holmes College. In the course of devoting his economic downturns. which could provide them with an improved life to enlightening others he has been a pro Access to capital at both the public and pri standard of living; fesi:;or of social science and codirector of the vate levels is limited. Traditionally, banks are (4) most such individuals have little or no Institute of African American Studies at Ram adverse to providing small loans to individuals savings, and no access to capital with which seeking to start small businesses, due to ad to start a business venture; apo College of New Jersey for the past 18 (5) providing such individuals with small years. ministrative costs in providing assistance, as well as the processing and servicing costs of scale, short-term financial assistance in the form of microloans, together with intensive He is currently the host and producer of loans. The risk involved in starting a new busi "The Grand Ones," a program aired on WYNE marketing, management, and technical as ness places additional limits on a small busi sistance, could enable them to start or main that allows senior citizens the time to express ness or entrepreneur attaining a loan. tain small businesses and to become self-suf their views and concerns on various topics of This must change. Small businesses are ficient and taxpaying citizens; interest. He has also produced and hosted getting a double hit: a recession and a credit (6) banking institutions are adverse to pro "Jazz at 966," a Friday night jazz series filmed crunch. A double remedy is needed: available viding such assistance because of the admin in downtown Brooklyn, NY. Samm attributes credit and capital. The Small Business Eco istrative costs associated with processing nomic Opportunity Act of 1991 will assist en and servicing the loans and because they writing to the list of his many talents. He has lack experience in providing the type of mar written articles published by the City Sun, a trepreneurs by providing both credit and cap keting, management, and technical assist newspaper dedicated to addressing the con ital to cover initial business expenses through ance needed by such borrowers; cerns of the African American community and microloans. In addition, providing individuals (7) in light of the Federal budget deficit, it is currently writing a book on politics. with intensive marketing, management, and would be impractical for the Federal Govern technical assistance will enable ment to provide small-scale loans and tech I ask my colleagues to join me in commend microentrepreneurs to develop and maintain nical assistance directly to small business ing Samm Pinn. His strong devotion to his small businesses. Management and technical concerns; and (8) loans from the Federal Government to community and educating generations has support will help reduce the risk of loan de demonstrated his personal greatness as well intermediaries for the purpose of relending faults. to startup, newly established, and growing as his creativity and selflessness. Although there are a variety of good loan small business concerns is the most efficient programs such as the Small Business Admin and effective method of providing istration's ?(a) loan program, none currently microloans. 18814 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 (b) PURPOSE.-The purposes of this Act "(vii) the qualifications of the applicant to charged, taken, received, or reserved on a are- carry out the purpose of this subsection; and loan, the maximum rate of interest to be (1) to assist women, low-income, and mi "(viii) any plan to involve private sector charged on a microloan funded under this nority entrepreneurs and business owners lenders in assisting selected small business subsection shall be not more than 4 percent possessing the capability to operate success concerns. age points above the prime lending rate, as ful business concerns; "(B) INTERMEDIARY CONTRIBUTION .-As a identified by the Administration and pub (2) to assist small business concerns in condition of any loan made to an lished in the Federal Register on a quarterly those areas suffering from a lack of credit intermediary under paragraph (1), the Ad basis. due to economic downturns; and ministration shall require the intermediary "(D) REVIEW RESTRICTION.-The Adminis (3) to establish a microloan demonstration to contribute not less than 15 percent of the tration shall not review individual program to be administered by the Small loan amount in cash from non-Federal microloans made by intermediaries prior to Business Administration- sources. Such contributions shall be used by approval. (A) to make loans to eligible the intermediary as a reserve for any loan "(6) PROGRAM FUNDING.- intermediaries to enable such intermediaries default. "(A) The Administration is authorized to to provide small-scale loans to startup, "(C) LOAN LIMITS.-Notwithstanding sub fund, on a competitive basis, not more than newly established, or growing small business section (a)(3), no loan shall be made under 30 microloan programs, including not less concerns for working capital or the acquisi this subsection if the total amount outstand than 1 program to be located in each of the tion of materials, supplies, or equipment; ing and committed to one intermediary (ex following States: Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, (B) to make grants to eligible cluding outstanding grants) from the busi Maine, Minnesota, New York, North Caro intermediaries that, together with non-Fed ness loan and investment fund established by lina, and South Carolina. eral matching funds, will enable such this Act would, as a result of such loan, ex "(B) STATE LIMITATIONS.-ln no case shall a intermediaries to provide intensive market ceed $750,000 in the first year of such State- ing, management, and technical assistance intermediary's participation in the program, "(i) be awarded more than 2 microloan pro to microloan borrowers; and and $1,250,000 in the remaining years of the grams in any year of the demonstration pro (C) to report to the Committees on Small intermediary's participation in the dem gram; Business of the Senate and the House of Rep onstration program. "(ii) receive more than $1,000,000 to fund resentatives on the effectiveness of the "(D) LOAN DURATION.-Loans made by the such programs in such State's first year of microloan program and the advisability and Administration under this subsection shall participation; or feasibility of implementing such a program be for a term of 20 years and at an annual in "(iii) receive more than $1,500,000 to fund nationwide. terest rate of 4.5 percent. such programs in any succeeding year of SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF MICROLOAN DEM "(E) DELAYED PAYMENTS.-The Administra such State's participation. ONSTRATION PROGRAM. tion shall not require repayment of interest "(7) RURAL ASSISTANCE.-ln funding Section 7 of the Small Business Act (15 or principal of a loan made to an microloan programs, the Administration U.S.C. 636) is amended by adding at the end intermediary under this subsection during shall ensure that at lea:Jt one-half of the pro the following new subsection: the first year of the loan. grams funded under this subsection will pro "(m) MICROLOAN DEMONSTRATION PRO "(F) FEES; COLLATERAL.-Except as pro vide microloans to small business concerns GRAM.- vided in subparagraph (A), the Administra located in rural areas. "(1) ESTABLISHMENT.-There is established tion shall not charge any fees or require col "(8) REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS.- a microloan demonstration program, under lateral other than an assignment of the "(A) ANNUAL REPORTS.-On March 31, 1992, which the Administration may- notes receivable of the microloans with re and March 31 of each ensuing year thorugh "(A) make direct loans to eligible spect to any loan made to an intermediary 1994, the Administration shall submit to the intermediaries, as provided under paragraph under this subsection. Committees on Small Business of the Senate (3), for the purpose of making short-term "(4) MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, AND TECH- and the House of Representatives a report on microloans to startup, newly established, NICAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS TO the implementation of the microloan dem and growing small business concerns under INTERMEDIARIES.- onstration program that includes- paragraph (5); and "(A) GRANT AMOUNTS.-Subject to the re "(i) the numbers and locations of the "(B) in conjunction with such loans and quirements of subparagraph (B), each intermediaries funded to conduct microloan subject to the requirements of paragraph (3), intermediary that receives a loan under programs; make grants to such intermediaries for the paragraph (1) shall be eligible to receive a "(ii) the amounts of each loan and each purpose of providing intensive marketing, grant of not more than 20 percent of the loan grant to intermediaries; management, and technical assistance to amount to provide marketing, management, "(iii) a description of the matching con small business concerns that are borrowers and technical assistance to small business tributions of each intermediary; under this subsection. concerns that are borrowers under this sub "(iv) the numbers and amounts of "(2) ELIGIBILITY FOR PARTICIPATION.-An section. microloans made by the intermediaries to intermediary shall be eligible for participa "(B) CONTRIBUTION.-As a condition of any small business concern borrowers; tion in the program established under para grant made under subparagraph (A), the Ad "(v) the repayment history of each graph (1) if it- "(A) meets the definitior.. in paragraph (9); ministration shall require the intermediary intermediary; and to contribute an amount equal to not less "(vi) a description of the loan portfolio of "(B) has at least 1 year of experience mak than one-half of the amount of the grant, ob each intermediary including the extent to ing microloans to startup, newly established, tained solely from non-Federal sources. In which it provides microloans to small busi or growing small business concerns and pro addition to cash or other direct funding, the ness concerns in rural areas; viding, as an integral part of its microloan contribution may include indirect costs or "(vii) a summary of the effectiveness of program, intensive marketing, management, in-kind contributions paid for under non the demonstration program; and and technical assistance to its borrowers. Federal programs. "(viii) any recommendations for legislative "(3) LoANS TO INTERMEDIARIES.- "(5) LOANS TO SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS changes that would improve its operations. "(A) INTERMEDIARY APPLICATIONS.-As part FROM ELIGIBLE INTERMEDIARIES.- "(B) INTERIM REPORT.-On November 1, of its application for a loan, each "(A) IN GENERAL.-An eligible 1995, the Administration shall submit to the intermediary shall submit a description to intermediary shall make short-term, fixed Committees on Small Business of the Senate the Administration of- rate loans to startup, newly established, and and the House of Representatives an interim "(i) the type of businesses to be assisted; growing small business concerns from the cumulative report including the Administra "(ii) the size and range of loans to be made; funds made available to it under paragraph tion's evaluation of the effectiveness of the "(iii) the geographic area to be served and (1) for working capital and the acquisition of first 31h years of the microloan demonstra its economic and unemployment characteris materials, supplies, furniture, fixtures, and tion program with respect to the factors set tics; equipment. forth in subparagraph (A) and the Adminis "(iv) the status of small business concerns "(B) PORTFOLIO REQUIREMENT.-To the ex tration's views on the advisability of extend in the area to be served and an analysis of tent practicable, each intermediary that op ing the program beyond the 5-year dem their credit and technical assistance needs; erates a microloan program under this sub onstration period. "(v) any marketing, management, and section shall maintain a microloan portfolio "(C) FINAL REPORT.-On Janury 31, 1997, technical assistance to be provided in con with an average loan size of not more than the Administration shall submit to the Com nection with a loan made under this sub $10,000. mittees on Small Business of the Senate and section; "(C) INTEREST LIMIT.-Notwithstanding the House of Representatives a final report "(vi) the local economic credit markets, any provision of the laws of any State or the evaluating the microloan demonstration pro including the costs associated with obtaining constitution of any State pertaining to the gram with respect to the factors set forth in credit locally; rate or amount of interest that may be subparagraph (A), and providing a final ac- July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18815 counting of the Federal and non-Federal the world and are at the mercy of our over and consumer goods (cars, appliances) and funding of the program. seas creditors. It just isn't true. Our future $4.8 trillion of government property. Land "(9) DEFINITIONS.-For purposes of this sub prosperity hasn't become hostage to foreign values probably add $4 trillion. Yes, foreign section- ers. It still depends mostly on what we ers own a whopping $231 billion of U.S. cor "(A) the term 'intermediary' means a pri Americans do here at home. porate stocks-more than 10 percent of their vate nonprofit entity or a nonprofit commu Let's see why. Consider this column as an overall U.S. stake. But the figure is dwarfed nity development corporation that seeks to exercise in economic literacy. Every so by the total value of all U.S. stocks, about $4 borrow or has borrowed funds from the Small often, it's worth inspecting our cliches to see trillion. Business Administration to make microloans what, if anything, they mean. Ask basic Won't paying interest and dividends abroad to small business concerns under this sub questions about our being a global debtor impoverish us? section; and you discover that it's less menacing Not really. Sending foreigners dollars "(B) the term "microloan' means a short and more complicated-than is commonly won't much affect U.S. living standards un term loan of not more than $25,000, made by supposed. less foreigners spend the dollars to buy U.S. an intermediary to a startup, newly estab Are we really going the way of Brazil and exports and services-and that might actu lished, or growing small business concern; other overborrowed developing countries? ally stimulate the economy. It's possible "(C) the term 'rural community' means No. The analogies are alarmist. Our debt that foreigners might not spend the dollars any political subdivision or unincorporated differs from theirs in three important ways. in the United States, because the dollar is area- First is the size. What counts-for people, the main global currency used for buying " (i) in a nonmetropolitan county (as de companies and countries-is the relation be and investing around the world. If they don't fined by the Secretary of Agriculture) or its tween debt and annual income (for countries, want to keep the dollars, they sell them for equivalent thereof; or gross national product) or wealth. In 1989, other currencies (the German mark, for in "(ii) in a metropolitan county or its equiv Mexico's foreign debt was $96 billion, or 51 stance). The dollar's exchange rate falls, alent that has a resident population of less percent of its GNP. Argentina's debt was $65 making U.S. exports more competitive and than 20,000 if the Small Business Administra billion, or 120 percent of GNP. Sure our debt imports here more expensive. Our exports tion has determined such political subdivi is bigger, but so is our GNP. In 1990, our for rise, and dollars are repaid to us. sion or area to be rural.". eign debt equaled 7.5 percent of our GNP of Consider this example: The U.S. overseas SEC. 4. REGULATIONS. $5.465 trillion. debt is $500 billion; foreigners earn a 10 per Not later than 90 days after the date of the A second difference is that our debt is in cent return, or $50 billion annually; they enactment of this Act, the Small Business our currency; we owe dollars to foreigners. don't want to keep any of their earnings in Administration shall promulgate interim The overseas debts of most developing coun dollars. We could service this debt with a final regulations to implement the amend tries are also in dollars, but they have to trade surplus of $50 billion, about 1 percent ment made by section 3. earn those dollars by exporting. In theory, of GNP. That's hardly crushing. (Indeed, the SEC. 5. PROGRAM TERMINATION. we could repay our overseas debts by print hugh U.S. trade deficits of the 1980s reflected ing more dollars. Inflating our way out of the mirror image of this phenomenon. The The demonstration program established by foreign demand to invest in the United the amendment made in section 3 shall ter debt would be stupid; it would damage our economy. But the possibility shows that States and to buy dollar securities raised the minate 5 years after the date of enactment of dollar's exchange rate and depressed U.S. ex this Act. we're not at the mercy of foreign creditors. Finally, our debt is not really a "debt" in ports.) SEC. 6. PROGRAM FUNDING AND REPAYMENT OF The message here is simple. We need to WANS. the sense, for example, of a home mortgage. In 1990, Americans (companies and individ worry about the right economic problems, Section 4(c) of the Small Business Act (15 and being a global debtor isn't yet one of U.S.C. 633(c)) is amended- uals) owned $1.764 trillion worth of assets abroad-plants, bonds, stocks and real es them. What matters are old-fashioned (1) in paragraph (1), by striking "and things: the productivity of U.S. firms and 7(c)(2)" and inserting "(7)(c)(2) and 7(m)'.'; tate. Meanwhile, foreigners owned $2.176 tril lion of assets in the United States. It's the workers; maintaining low inflation (if we and difference between these two figures ($412 don't, foreigners will dump dollars). These (2) in paragraph (2), by striking "and 8(a)" will shape future living standards and pros and inserting "7(m), and 8(a)". billion) that's commonly referred to as our overseas debt. And it's getting worse. In 1982, perity. we actually had a positive "net international People may still rant and rave about the investment position" of $364 billion. But you evils of our being a great global debtor. But THE GREAT GLOBAL DEBTOR have to remember that today's negative now you know something they don't: It's number is not a loan that has to be repaid. mostly sound and fury. HON. MICHAEL G. OXLEY Well, doesn't the shift from creditor to OF OHIO debtor mean the U.S. economy has grown weaker? TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Yes and no. Clearly, the balance of global TRAINING ACT OF 1991 Wednesday, July 17, 1991 economic power has shifted. The United States has lost its huge dominance. In the HON. DAVIDE. PRICE Mr. OXLEY. Mr. Speaker, I commend to all 1960s and 1970s, most Japanese companies Members the article below by Robert J. Sam weren't competitive enough to build U.S. OF NORTH CAROLINA uelson, noted columnist and respect econo plants. The Japanese weren't rich enough to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mist. His article is food for thought on the rag buy many U.S. securities. Some Europeans Wednesday, July 17, 1991 had big U.S. investments, but the main over ing debate on the United States as a debtor Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to in nation. seas investors were American. Now that's changed. troduce the Technical Education and Training THE "GREAT GLOBAL DEBTOR" But foreign investment in the United Act of 1991. This legislation will substantially (By Robert J. Samuelson) States isn't a sign of weakness. Why should upgrade our educational and training efforts in The idea that the United States is the foreigners build plants in a collapsing econ science, mathematics, and technology, to en "world's biggest debtor nation" is a legacy omy? Why would they buy its stocks and sure that our work force has the skills to re of the 1980s. The phrase has become a staple bonds? The surge of foreign investment here main competitive in the global economy. of commentators and politicians everywhere, in the 1980s occurred mainly for three rea Our Nation's deficiencies in work force train who automatically include it among the al sons: the lifting of restrictions in Japan and leged sins of the past decade. And recently, other countries against investing abroad; ing are shutting the doors of opportunity on the Commerce Department put the matter in high U.S. interest rates, which made dollar thousands of our citizens and sapping our numbers. It reported that the United States' bonds attractive; and a strong economy with competitiveness. Good workers in my State "net international investment position" was low inflation. face unnecessary hardship because their skills a minus $412 billion in 1990. Strictly speak Won't foreigners buy up the country, then? have not kept pace with technological change. ing, this means we owed foreigners that Don't hold your breath. Every red-blooded Plants have closed in rural areas because much more than they owed us. American gets itchy about the growing for workers lack needed skills and there is no way Don't worry about it. eign presence, and the $2.2 trillion total for them to acquire these skills. And high tech There are plenty of genuine economic prob seems huge. But America is also huge. The lems without inventing artificial ones. The Commerce Department estimates the value nology businesses in the Research Triangle image of Uncle Sam as a giant globaldebtor of all "tangible wealth" (excluding land) at Park complain about the jobs that remain un implies that, like Mexico or Argentina, we $24. 7 trillion: $8.8 trillion of business build filled because of the lack of skilled workers. have gone massively in hock with the rest of ings and equipment, $11.1 trillion of housing We are failing our Nation's citizens and sac- 18816 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 rificing our economic future if we do not of millions of immigrants from around the bud opens and blooms into a wonderful fruit. confront the needs of our work force directly. world who came here to build a better life for The buds are like the American citizens My legislation would address this challenge themselves and their descendants. I want to straining to and achieving freedom, and en headon by directing the National Science congratulate Jerod and all of the other winners joying the fruits of their labor. I notice that all around the tree many Foundation to develop a competitive grants of this year's contest for their thoughtful and seedlings were starting to grow. The larger program for associate degree colleges to pro insightful essays. tree sheltering the smaller ones, and helping vide technical training and education in ad DEMOCRACY-THE VANGUARD OF FREEDOM the smaller ones flourish, much the same vanced technology fields. Awardees would be (By Jerod C. Stephenson, Minnesota winner, way the larger tree had. expected to develop and disseminate model 1990/91 VFW Voice of Democracy Scholar With this thought a smile spread across instructional programs, enter into innovative ship Program) my faced and a knot rose in my throat. For partnerships with the private sector and gov I've been trying to write this speech for our great country is exactly the same as that ernment agencies, improve faculty com the past hour, the speech on Democracy prestigous tree outside my window. For our country will always stand up and protect the petence in advanced technology fields, and The Vanguard of Freedom, but nothing seems to sound right. I need to take a break. weaker countries that fight for their free upgrade instructional laboratory equipment. dom. That tree stands for what democracy The bill also would establish 10 National So I walk over to my bedroom window and look outside. I see a tree. The tree that looks means to me. To have my freedom. I turned Centers of Technical Education and Training. as if it's been standing forever. The tree that from my window and grabbed my pen. I Five would be associate degree granting col towers above all others around it. That tree began to write as a tear ran down my cheek, leges with exceptional advanced technical started from one small seed, and reached up and pride burst in my heart. training programs, while five would be institu ward and outward and strove for survival. tions excelling in science and math education. Much like that seed a few unhappy English The idea would be not only to upgrade these people decided to plant themselves in a new $80 BILLION TO DO NOTHING 1O institutions, but to use them as clearing land. They set up their communities and strove to survive. They soon grew, and houses for institutions across the country reached outward on the new land. HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO which are trying to improve their education Those settlers, our forefathers, knew that OF ILLINOIS and training programs. there was something missing. They didn't IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This bill takes advantage of the fact that have the freedom that they deserved on the Wednesday, July 17, 1991 community colleges in many States are al land that they had made flourish. So they ready actively involved in training programs. decided to start their own country. Feeling Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, last week Federal assistance in taking these programs that their freedom would not come until Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady, who to new levels of excellence and effectiveness, they were able to govern themselves, they chairs the Resolution Trust Corporation Over and then disseminating the models and meth revolted against England, and after many sight Board, came before the Banking Com battles a.nd lost lives, they won what they mittee seeking another $80 billion to cover the ods across the country, would be a wise in had so strongly believed in. They had ob vestment. Furthermore, the National Science tained their freedom. losses from the S&L crisis. Moreover, the Sec Foundation's traditional role in improving edu To ensure this freedom would be kept alive retary requested that the RTC's borrowing limit cation, especially in advanced technology for future generations, they began to build be raised from $125 billion to $160 billion-an fields, makes their participation in this kind of their government as a democracy, the pre increase of $35 billion. training and education development particu cursor to freedom. The seed had sprouted. It is incredible that the RTC should ask for larly appropriate. I broke away from my daydream long additional funds when the RTC is not utilizing I am glad to be joined by a distinguished enough to study the tree more closely. I no the funds it has. ticed on the ground around the tree thick The RTC has estimated that it needs to group of original cosponsors including the roots. These roots support the tree and make chairman of the House Science and Tech it to continue to grow for years to come. close an additional 161 thrifts in 1991. Yet the nology Committee, GEORGE BROWN. Once again this reminds me of the United RTC did not close a single institution this past I look forward to working with him and other States and its history. Our forefathers knew May. What prevented it? Certainly not a lack Members on this legislation. I invite colleagues that this country had needed something to of funds, as Secretary Brady would have us to join me in sponsoring this bill. I believe it is build upon, as a set of rules to keep order believe. The RTC had on hand over $32 bil legislation that is vital to the future prosperity and freedom spreading throughout the land. lion in cash at the end of April. So they sat down and decided to draw these of this Nation. Mr. Speaker, the RTC has the resources it guidelines. What came about is what some needs, and it must start to use them. It is not have called the greatest document ever writ ten, the Constitution. The roots have taken getting its work done-and it should not get JEROD C. STEPHENSON: 1990-91 hold. more money until it does start to do its job. MINNESOTA VFW VOICE OF DE I was brought back from my dream by a MOCRACY WINNER strong wind. The wind whisked by, but didn't even disturb the tree. It was then I noticed A CONGRESSIONAL TRIBUTE TO the strong base of the tree. It had kept the DR. THOMAS F. CONNOLLY HON. BRUCE F. VENTO tree unscathed from the wind. The base, the OF MINNESOTA protection against a down fall, such as our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES government. HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON Wednesday, July 17, 1991 In our democracy, everyone has a voice in OF CALIFORNIA the government. And to utilize this, the peo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, every year, the ple elect representatives for their voice. This Veterans of Foreign Wars sponsors its Voice is to help our country flourish ancl stand tall, Wednesday, July 17, 1991 of Democracy Scholarship Program, which en much the same as the base of that tree. Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, today I rise courages high school students from across the Another of our country's strengths is the to pay tribute to a Massachusetts man, Dr. Nation to write essays expressing their immigrants that come to the United States Thomas F. Connolly. Although not a constitu every year. We welcome these immigrants thoughts about America and about what de with open arms, and these immigrants have ent of mine, he was a frequent visitor to my mocracy means to them. brought us such people as Albert Einstein office and his grace and charm endeared him I am pleased to announce that Jerod. Carl and Irving Berlin. Such immigrants have to all. Dr. Connolly passed away on Sunday, Stephenson of St. Paul, MN, has been chosen made this country great and strong. July 7, 1991, and I wish to include a few re as Minnesota's winner in this year's VFW con Above the base of the tree, the tree begins marks in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD as a test. Jerod is the son of William and Francine to spread out into many branches. This is to tribute to his life and personal character. Stephenson. He recently graduated from provide shelter for the rest of the tree below. At 3 p.m. on Monday, July 15, 1991, a little Como Park High School in St. Paul and is It reminds me of the way our government bit of Lynn, MA, was placed to rest in the hal branches out to protect our freedom and looking forward to going on to college and pur right as a nation to govern ourselves as a de lowed grounds of Arlington National Cemetery. suing a career in broadcasting and journalism. mocracy. Dr. Thomas F. Connolly, Colonel Connolly, Jerod's essay demonstrates a keen appre On the tips of those branches are buds now lies beside the honored heroes of Ameri ciation of our Nation's history and the legacy straining to open. After much hard work, the ca's history. Beneath the hillside mansion July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18817 owned by the descendants of George Wash Lynn, ah Lynn, you will suffer the most of all. tisements which result in the consumer tele ington and the home of Robert E. Lee, Tom Your campaigns and your politics will con phoning or accepting a telephone call from the Connolly was interred after having received tinue. Your nominations and your elections will fraudulent telemarketer. The fraudulent the loving tribute of a grateful Nation. be held, but the process and the pursuit just telemarketer then dupes the consumer into There could be no more appropriate site for won't be as much fun anymore. purchasing goods or services which either are the final resting place of this unique and re Goodbye, old friend. Know that we loved never delivered or are substantially inferior to markable man. On one of his frequent visits to you. Know that we will remember you today those which have been promised. the Nation's Capital, a city that Tom believed and tomorrow and tomorrow. For us is left These scams have a particularly hard im every American should visit at least once in a however the certain knowledge that the angels pact on elderly victims and those with a poor lifetime, he walked to the west portico of the in the heaven you now inhabit carry a bit of a credit history. The banking industry is also vic Capitol Building and looked down upon Wash smile these days. God love you. timized by credit card fraud. The Federal ington's Mall. In the distance was the towering Mr. Speaker my wife Lee joins me and my Trade Commission has estimated that losses monument that honors our first President. Be Washington staff in offering sincere condo due to telemarketing fraud now exceed $1 bil yond was the reflecting pool that fronts the lences to the family of Dr. Connolly. To his lion per year and affect hundreds of thou Lincoln Memorial with the Vietnam Memorial children Tom, Mark, and Anne, and to his sands, if not millions, of citizens who fall victim to the right and the site of the proposed Ko brother Steve and sisters Alice, Eleanor, and to these fraudulent schemes. rean War Memorial to the left. In the distance Mary we offer our prayers. The Credit Card Fraud Act of 1984 was very could be seen the mansion beneath which successful in stemming the first generation of Tom now lies. It was a poignant moment as credit card fraud which involved counterfeiting he talked of his love of State and country. A SALUTE TO JITU K. WEUSI and alteration of credit cards. The language I "Let's walk to the Lincoln Memorial," he said. propose is designed to provide law enforce If one walks around the Lincoln Memorial HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS ment officials with an effective tool for combat along the columned walkway that surrounds OF NEW YORK ing the most recent generation of sophisti that imposing edifice there is a spot at the rear IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cated fraud schemes-the phony solicitation of where you can look across the Potomac and credit cards over the phone and the launder see the flickering of the eternal flame that Wednesday, July 17, 1991 ing of credit card receipts. The effective pros marks the Kennedy grave. "It's really very Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to ecution of these new crimes requires that the beautiful," said Tom, "Ifs very beautiful." Per pay tribute to a community leader and a native 1984 law be expanded and updated. haps it was then that the idea occurred to him Brooklynite. Specifically, my legislation would prohibit so to come back to Arlington a final time and find Jitu K. Weusi is a community leader and na licitations for the purchase of a credit card eternal repose in the company of the long line tional activist who has played an integral role without the authorization of the credit card of American military and civilian luminaries in founding and organizing groups and organi company. In addition, it would establish a who sleep the long sleep blessed by their zations throughout the Nation. He served as a criminal offense for the fraudulent taking of countrymen's prayers. He knew Arlington's founder or co-founder of numerous civic payment by credit card for goods or services beauty. He longed for its peace. groups and associations including the African that are either never delivered or inferior to As the military escort performed its final sa American Teachers Association, 1964; the those promised. lute, as the crack of rifle fire and the haunting East Cultural Center, 1970; the Uhuru Sasa The legislation would also provide that those sound of taps echoed across the solemn site, Alternative School, 1971; the National Black who engage in credit card laundering violate one could not help but think of the life of tom United Front, 1980; and African Americans the Credit Card Fraud Act. Credit card laun Connolly. The joy, the sorrow, the love, the United for Political Power, 1989. dering is the practice by which fraudulent op warmth, the family, the honors, the accom Mr. Weusi is a graduate of Franklin K. Lane erators, sometimes in conjunction with third plishments, the awards, the character of this High School. He has served as an educator party intermediaries acting as brokers, per deeply human individual defy description. One and lecturer for over 29 years in high schools suade merchants with access to the credit hopes that he knew how much he was loved and colleges. In 1978, Mr. Weusi was a leader card systems to submit, in the name of that and how much joy and humor and excitement of the protest and subsequent negotiations merchant, the fraudulent operators sales drafts and pleasure he brought to so many. He was that led to the creatiion of the Randolph Evans into the credit card systems. one of a kind, a true gentleman, a good and Memorial Scholarship Fund. This practice enables the fraudulent opera loving friend. tor to circumvent institutional safeguards im There are far too many trite phrases used to posed by financial institutions participating in describe our sense of loss at the passing of a CONSUMER PROTECTION AGAINST these systems. man like Tom Connolly. We tend to over CREDIT CARD FRAUD I seek the support of my colleagues in stem emphasize, to overpraise, to overindulge our ming the telemarketing fraud tide ~nd protect own sense of loss. Tom would have none of HON. JOHN BRYANT ing the consumers, credit card companies, that. What he would want is to be remem OF TEXAS and their member financial institutions who are bered. He would not ask this in a vain or self IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES severely injured by these schemes. seeking way. He would simply want us to pause in the midst of some Tom-related activ Wednesday, July 17, 1991 ity and remember. We will. We will think of Mr. BRYANT. Mr. Speaker, telemarketing PORT CHICAGO NATIONAL him whenever we see a homeless person fraud has become a major criminal problem in MEMORIAL ACT OF 1991 sheltered. We will think of him whenever we this country, victimizing thousands of consum see a substance abuser helped. We will think ers each year. To give law-enforcement offi HON. GEORGE Mill.ER of his charity. We will think of his kindness cials added ammunition to shut down these OF CALIFORNIA and his generosity. We will think of his humor, frauds and prosecute them vigorously, I am in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his mischievous humor. We will think of him troducing the Consumer Protection Against particularly as he trudged the road of happy Credit Card Fraud Act, legislation to amend Wednesday, July 17, 1991 destiny. We will think of him in Lynn and Bos the Credit Card Fraud Act of 1984. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speaker, ton and Nantucket and Washington and of The amendment is designed to facilitate today on the 47th anniversary of the Port Chi course, Arlington. prosecution of increasingly sophisticated cago explosion, I am introducing legislation to Doctor, advocate, humorist, entrepreneur, telemarketing scams. The identical provision designate the Port Chicago Naval magazine raconteur, friend, and colorful character, it is was adopted by the Senate by unanimous as a national memorial. This legislation honors not trite to say he was truly unique. The ave consent on June 28, as an amendment to the those who served at Port Chicago, and the nues that he traveled, the rooms that he fre Violent Crime Control Act. significant role Port Chicago played in our Na quented, the vistas that he imagined, and the The typical fraudulent telemarketing scheme tion's history. Once the largest munitions sup associations that he enjoyed will all be less involves solicitation of consumers by tele ply facility on the west coast, Port Chicago because he will no longer be there. As for phone; by mail; or through television adver- was the first major pier built exclusively for the 18818 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 handling and overseas shipment of ammuni whom were black, were formally trained in the against business. Such awards are making tion. Most of the munitions supplying the Pa handling of explosives. American business less competitive in world cific Fleet during World War II were loaded by One month after the pier was widened, a markets, costing American workers their jobs the U.S. Navy at the Port Chicago pier on the historic tragedy occurred. On July 17, 1944, and driving up all consumer prices. My bill Sacramento River. two ships the EA Bryan-loaded with 4,200 would make American business more competi Today, Port Chicago is the home of the tons of ammunition and bombs-and the am tive, save those jobs, and keep prices down. Concord Naval Weapons Station. But the munition-free Quinalt Victory, as well as the My bill would bring certainty and fairness into former town along the south bank of the Sac dock facilities exploded. The blast was equiva product liability court cases. ramento River has an extensive history, ac lent to 5 kilotons of TNT, on the same order My interest was drawn to this problem first cording to historian Robert Allen, author of of magnitude as the atomic bomb dropped on because of individuals I heard from in my dis "The Port Chicago Mutiny." Hiroshima over a year later. The glare which trict whom I knew to be very fine business At Port Chicago, the Sacramento River wid mushroomed 10,000 feet into the sky could be people but were having problems getting in ened into the Suisun Bay, a few miles across seen 50 miles away in San Francisco, Oak surance. Since those initial contacts with these at its widest point. Low, rolling hills paralleled land and Alameda. Seconds later, a shock the people in the district, the problem has snow the Sacramento River, forming a flat area be equivalent of an earthquake measuring 3.4 on balled until we have a full-fledged crisis affect tween the river and the hills. On this plain, the Richter scale, rumbled through the area, ing almost every working man and woman in war-related industries, such as aviation fuel re and could be felt as far away as Pierce Ferry, America. The issue of liability insurance has fineries, steel mills, and chemical plants, were NV. become the most pressing problem for the built along with military installations, including Everyone on the pier and aboard the ships American economy today. the huge Army staging area at Camp was killed instantly. About 320 persons died, Hearings have been held. The problem has Stoneman in Pittsburg upstream from Port and another 390 military personnel and civil been analyzed. But we need action now, be Chicago, the Army arsenal at Benicia, and the ians were injured. None of the town's 1,500 fore America is sued right out of business. huge Navy shipyard at Mare Island down residents were killed, although 109 were in This is a complex issue. Blame has been al stream. Most of the buildings in Port Chicago jured, and 12 persons lost the sight of an eye lotted all around. Some critics charge that the were one-story structures. The water came by looking at the blast. The single disaster ac liability crisis is a conspiracy cooked up by the right up to the edge of the street, and the counted for more than 15 percent of all Afri insurance industry to gouge the public. The in houses jutted out into the bay. can-American naval casualties during World surance industry responds with charges of During World War I, several shipping steam War II. greed by fee-hungry trial lawyers whose num ers were constructed at Port Chicago. Be The EA Bryan was entirely demolished, and ber has tripled since 1970. Still others feel that cause the town of Port Chicago was acces a 65-foot section of the Quinalt Victory's keel is the result of judges and juries who award sible by railroad and ship, and relatively far was left protruding from the bay, 1,000 feet large damages to a litigation-crazed American from major population centers, the Navy deter from its original position. There was at least public. mined an ammunition depot should be con one 12-ton diesel locomotive operating on the The U.S. manufacturing community cannot structed at Port Chicago. The naval ammuni pier at the time of the explosion. No pieces of continue to function with a hodge-podge of ir tion magazine at Port Chicago was authorized the locomotive were ever located. rational laws as its governing standard. The in 1942. The Port Chicago explosion was the worst courts are clogged with cases. Insurance has Shortly thereafter, a 500-foot long pier for home-front disaster of the war. The town, lo become astoundingly expensive. Businesses ships was constructed as well as a smaller cated 1112 miles from the pier, was bombarded are shutting their doors. Soon we will find that barge pier, 27 barricaded sidings capable of by twisted chunks of smoldering metal from some necessary products and services are no accommodating 203 boxcars, nine storage the ships and jagged fragments of exploded longer available at any price. buildings for inert materials, four barracks for shells. The structural damage which occurred It is no easy matter to conjure up a sensible enlisted men, a commissary and administra on the Port Chicago pier and in the surround Federal solution. Product liability cases tradi tive offices. The facilities were completed in ing area was almost equal to the structural tionally have been covered by State laws. A November 1942, and the first ship to be load damage reported at the same distance from Federal bill must not unduly intrude on the ed, the SS Brewer, anchored in December ground zero at Hiroshima. The 300 homes right of State authorities to fashion tort rem 1942, a year after the attack on Pearl Harbor. and business establishments in Port Chicago edies. Also, complex legislation must be re Over the next several years, Port Chicago were destroyed. Windows broke in houses 20 sisted. became the most important ammunition han miles away. Telephone lines fell to the ground. When you try to rewirte 200 years of tort dling facility on the west coast during World Property damage, military and civilian, was es law, you come up with too many new defini War II, and was later used in the Korean and timated at more than $12 million. tions. There is no doubt that interpretation of Vietnam wars. The bill I am introducing recognizes Port these concepts will tie up the courts for years. There were 1,431 enlisted personnel at Port Chicago's important role in our history. Not With a solid body of law already fashioned, Chicago during World War II, as well as 71 of only will this legislation honor the families there is no need to wait for decades to get a ficers, and 106 Marines who guarded the whose lives were affected by the Port Chicago clear meaning. base. About 231 civilians also worked at Port facility and explosion, but it also will com The U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Chicago primarily as carpenters, locomotive memorate the site's significance in American Wendell Holmes wrote, "The tendency of the engineers and crane operators. The men history. I encourage my colleagues to join me law must always be to narrow the field of un worked in shifts, around-the-clock, 24-hours a in supporting the Port Chicago National Me certainty." That tendency has not been appar day. Unloading the ammunition that arrived in morial Act of 1991. ent lately. Without certainty and predictability, Port Chicago and reloading the explosives plaintiffs sue, defendants do not know how to onto ships headed for the Pacific Theater was protect themselves, and insurance companies difficult work; some ammunition weighed as BRINGING CERTAINTY AND FAIR cannot reasonably assess risks and price. My much as 2,000 pounds. Various types of am NESS TO PRODUCT LIABILITY bill is designed to go back to the basics. The munition were handled at Port Chicago, in CASES system was working reasonably well, not per cluding artillery projectiles, depth charges, in fectly, but reasonably well, up until a decade cendiary bombs, fragmentation bombs and HON. TOBY ROTH ago. It would seem reasonable to enact and TNT. OF WISCONSIN moderate a restrained reform, and wait to see In June 1944, the pier was widened to allow IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES if radical solutions prove necessary. My bill fol for twice as much ammunition to be shipped lows Justice Holmes' advice; that is, it narrows from Port Chicago. The number of men work Wednesday, July 17, 1991 the field of uncertainty. That is what we want ing at the site was doubled. Port Chicago was Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to in to get at. now capable of accommodating two ships at a troduce today legislation that will calm the tur My bill targets the four crises in product li time. There was tremendous pressure to load bulent waters of product liability. My bill, the ability. First, it would make negligence the sole as much ammunition as quickly as possible. Product Liability Uniform Standards Act, is de test for any defective design and failure-to Yet, reportedly none of the loaders, all of signed to limit excessive damage awards warn cases. July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18819 It is only logical that the burden of proof The bill I have introduced speaks with fair CLOC pilot project under the National School should be with the plaintiff. After all, he is the ness, common sense, and with moderation to Lunch Program. one that is bringing the action. In this way, we the consumer and the business community The National School Lunch Program will can narrow the expansion of the law of the alike. A tort system with clearly defined stand provide an estimated 4.1 billion meals in fiscal past few decades. ards will enhance individual responsibility and year 1991 to children across the country. The second crisis is the rising amount of pu end the punitive damage sweepstakes. These children will come from a wide variety nitive damage awards. We call them "punies,'' of backgrounds, but they will all receive nutri and they have become the real surprise ele tious meals to help ensure their good health ment in product liability cases. Just when a LEGISLATION TO RESTRAIN and their ability to learn. defendant thinks he has paid all the costs in AMOUNT OF EXPORTED STEEL Participating schools receive both a cash volved with a case, he is hit with an additional TO THE UNITED STATES and a commodity reimbursement for every cost, because he did not pay fast enough. meal served which varies depending on a To bring statfllity, predictability, and fairness HON. PETER J. VISCLOSKY child's ability to pay the full cost of their meal. to punitive damages, we need clearly articu OF INDIANA Cash/CLOC was first authorized in 1981 to lated standards that set forth the kind of irre IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES test alternative means by which schools may sponsible conduct for which courts will impose Wednesday, July 17, 1991 receive their commodity reimbursements. punitive damages. In other words, give manu Under this pilot project, 60 schools may re facturers some rules of the road. Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, today, I am introducing legislation to urge the U.S. Trade ceive the value of their commodity Thus, in my legislation, plaintiffs would have remibursements in the form of cash or com to prove by clear and convincing evidence that Representative to initiate promply negotiations with the government of South Africa for the modity letters of credit [CLOC]. the defendant was reckless. This is a standard The Subcommittee on Elementary, Second purpose of entering into a bilateral arrange higher than the current preponderance of evi ary, and Vocational Education heard testimony dence. It allows punitives to be awarded only ment prusuant to the Steel Import Stabilization Act that is consistent with the steel trade liber concerning Cash/CLOC earlier this year, and when truly deserved. will conduct additional hearings on the pro The third issue to address is the overlap in alization program announced by President workers' compensation and tort systems. Cur Bush on July 25, 1989. gram as the reauthorization progresses. The Cash/CLOC pilot project is authorized rently, a manufacturer is held liable when a As a strong supporter of the U.S. steel in defective product causes injury in the work dustry and its workers, I am seriously con through September 30, 1992. I am introducing place and must bear full cost of the injury. The cerned about an important implication of the a bill today that would reauthorize it for 2 addi workers' compensation system, which dis President's July 10, 1991, decision to lift tional years in order to generate discussion penses money for workplace injuries, is enti American economic sanctions against South and comment, which I welcome throughout the reauthorization process. tled to recoup any funds it paid out for the ulti Africa. mate recovery against the manufacturer. Prior to the imposition of American sanc The long and short of this is that manufac tions against South Africa, which were man PROLIFERATION PROFITEERS: turers bear the full brunt of workplace injuries, dated by the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid PART 21 even though the employer may have contrib Act of 1986, steel imports from South Africa uted to the injury by negligence in the work were governed by a bilateral arrangement place. under the steel voluntary restraint agreement HON. FORTNEY PETE STARK To resolve this problem and still limit the li [VRA] program. The original VRA program OF CALIFORNIA ability of the employer, one need only allow was in effect from October 1984 through Sep IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the workers' compensation award to be set off tember 1989. However, because of the eco Wednesday, July 17, 1991 against the ultimate judgment. nomic sanctions, South Africa was not in This solution permits the plaintiff to retain Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, in an important cluded in the extended VRA program, which is international development North Korea agreed the very same benefits he now enjoys. By in effect through March 1992. As a result, shifting part of the cost back to the employer, yesterday to allow the International Atomic En South Africa is not currently governed by the ergy Agency [IAEA] to inspect its nuclear fa we encourage safety in the workplace and al same rules as most of our major steel trading leviate the crushing burden of the manufactur cilities. North Korea had signed the Non-Pro partners. liferation Treaty [NPT] in 1985, but had not yet ers. Now that sanctions have been lifted, South agreed to the necessary safeguards accord The fourth crisis is that of the innocent de Africa has the ability to export at least half a with the IAEA. fendant being dragged into suits unneces million tons of steel into the United States. In recent weeks, there have been a number sarily. Under the present system, in most Further, since South Africa is no longer in of positive developments in the area of nu States wholesalers and retailers are held cluded in the steel VRA program, it would clear nonproliferation. France and South Africa strictly liable for the sale of defective products, have the unfair advantage of being able to have agreed to sign the NPT, Brazil and Ar even though there is nothing they can do to ship its steel products into the United States gentina are signing a safeguards accord with discover the defect. In most instances, they without restraint. It is curTently estimated that the IAEA. Even the People's Republic of are in no position to control the product qual the South African steel industry has the ex China, the leading rogue proliferator, has ity. This is not only liability without fault, it is cess capacity to produce an additional given hints it might sign the NPT. Even so, nu liability without reason. 500,000 tons of crude steel per year for export clear proliferation remains the leading threat to My solution is that if the manufacturer is to the U.S. in the 1990s. Not only would this U.S. national security. Pakisan still has an ac sued, the wholesaler and the retailer who translate into reduced American steel output, tive nuclear weapons program and has hinted have no chance to discover the defect should but it could also mean the loss of 1,500 Amer be exonerated from liability. This will unclog in the past it would pass the technology on to ican jobs. its allies in the Islamic world. The current IAEA the courts of unnecessary suits. I urge you and my other colleagues to sup inspection of Iraq also illustrates the possibili My bill provides also for a comprehensive port this important resolution. study of the facts concerning damages in ties of clandestine nuclear weapons activity in product liability. states which have signed the nonproliferation The fairness and efficiency of our tort sys A BILL TO REAUTHORIZE THE accord. tem depends upon appropriate damage CASH/CLOC PILOT PROJECT Today I am placing into the CONGRESSIONAL awards; yet we have no useful damage award RECORD the 21st in my series of case studies data on which to evaluate the efficacy of our HON. DALE E. KILDEE of foreign companies which have sold nulcear weapons technology to developing countries. legal rules. OF MICHIGAN If it becomes necessary to cap costs down If we can stem this proliferation profiteering, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the line, this study will allow us to make in there is a chance we can make some real formed decisions. It is time to debunk the Wednesday, July 17, 1991 progress in solidifying the nonproliferation re myth that any Federal product liability legisla Mr. KILDEE. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro gime. I have introduced a bil~H.R. 8309- tion will be anticonsumer. ducing legislation to reauthorize the Cash/ that puts import sanctions on these foreign 18820 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 firms which traffic in unsafeguarded nuclear SALUTE TO REV. DR. HERBERT Buena opinion y admiracion de la technology. This legislation has 48 cosponsors DAUGHTRY cristiandad and the support of leading experts in the non A favor de la isla bella, cautiva del proliferation field. comunismo; HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS No teniendo ya nadie la menor vacilacion, FIRM 8: INTER-NUCLEAR SERVICE AG OF NEW YORK 0 duda alguna, de condenar a Fidel el hispanidad, and has also studied, lectured and done re acepten ese ti tulo de honor, como tributo a search at the Theological Ecumenical Institute tan adminable gente, orguilo de cuba y de la TRIBUT~ TO PORT ALLEN, LA in Bosseyn, Switzerland, and Virginia Theo hum anidad. logical Seminary. Although not from Cuba, Mr. Guzman Funes HON. CLYDE C. HOLLOWAY In 1977 Reverend Daughtry was a major feels the hurt and pain felt by the rafters. He OF LOUISIANA force that helped to bring about many opportu calls them valiant, because of the thousands nities for citizens in downtown Brooklyn. Dur IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of dangers that stand in their way from reach ing the 1984 Presidential campaign, Reverend ing freedom. Mr. Funes lists some of these Wednesday, July 17, 1991 Daughtry served as special assistant to Rev. dangers, which include thirst, hunger, sun, and Mr. HOLLOWAY. Mr. Speaker, it is with Jesse Jackson and was a member of Jack sharks. He describes these hardships as hard great pride and pleasure that I pay tribute son's National Campaign Committee. In 1985, to overcome, but the rafters prefer to face today to the town of Port Allen, LA, whose citi the New York Senate unanimously adopted a these dangers rather than face the present zens I have had the pleasure of representing resolution honoring Reverend Daughtry for 25 brutal regime of Fidel Castro. in the U.S. Congress. In particular, it is with years of service to humanity and he has re great pride that I inform this great body of the ceived a doctor of humane letters awarded by significance of Saturday, September 14, 1991. Seton Hall University. THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY YEAR OF Mr. Speaker, on that date, the town of Port Reverend Daughtry is a valuable community THE FORMATION OF THE Allen will celebrate its 75th anniversary. leader and highly respected church leader PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE ON The town of Port Allen is not an ordinary whose dedicated efforts will always reflect the MENTAL RETARDATION American city. It is not just another small town. concern and commitment dedication that he It is more than simply another sleepy, south has for his community over the years. HON. WAYNE OWENS ern locale. Port Allen is a special place, its OF UTAH townspeople are special folks. Located in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES POEM OF THE COURAGEOUS West Baton Rouge Parish, a mid-point within Wednesday, July 17, 1991 the Eighth Congressional District of Louisiana, RAFTERS Port Allen, LA, is the town I first think of when Mr. OWENS of Utah. Mr. Speaker, today I people ask me about Louisiana. HON. ILEANA ROS.LEHTINEN am introducing a joint resolution designating Port Allen and its people, like most Lou OF FLORIDA 1991 as the 25th anniversary year of the for isianians, work hard and play hard. The peo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mation of the President's Committee on Men ple of Port Allen live in today's world, they do tal Retardation. Wednesday, July 17, 1991 not want to live in the world as it used to be. Since the formation of the President's Com They are too busy preparing for the world as Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I would mittee on Mental Retardation in 1966, many it is going to be. It is Port Allen that I visualize like to bring the work of Mr. Juda Guzman need of the mentally retarded have been ad when I tell people about the spirit of Louisi Funes to the attention of my colleagues. Mr. dressed. Due to the efforts of the Committee, ana's people, our love of life, our love for our Guzman Funes, a constituent of my congres persons with mental retardation have been neighbors, and for our communities. sional district who is originally from Honduras, freed from back wards of institutions. Training I am proud to speak of Port Allen as the has written a poem, in Spanish, on the con opportunities have been developed and our town celebrates its 75th anniversary. Its citi tinuing heroic voyages Cuban refugees are citizens with mental retardation are learning to zens have every reason to be proud. Port making across the 90-mile stretch of water live and work independently, free of institu Allen, LA, is filled with people who represent which separates Cuba from the United States. tional restraints. Many have secured jobs and the best of Louisiana. Balservos valientes, que al mar os arrojais, housing, side by side with the general popu Its citizens are caring, industrious, moral Afrontando mil peligros, sed y hambre, lation. people with hearts of gold and skills to match Lamento vuestro infortunio y desgracia, The Committee's efforts have allowed the who can compete with anybody, anywhere in Sufriendo el terrible sol y el calambre; once silent voice of mentally retarded citizens Entrais en la historia moderna y triunfais!!, America. I ask my colleagues in the Congress to finally be heard, and in doing so we are be Remarcando tus ansias y amor por la coming increasingly aware of the important to join me in this salute to Port Allen as the democracia. town celebrates its 75th year. Os admiro y elogio vuestra gran voluntad, and pending needs of these citizens. Ereis org-ullo del sufrido pueblo cubano, Diligent efforts in research have revealed Sources: "Nuclear Fuel," 9119188, p. 4 by Mark Sois un fuerte lazo que afianza la hermandad that over half of the more than 250 known Hibbs; " Der Spiegel," 1118188, pp. 18-30; "Die Ziet," Con todas las naciones del mundo hispano, causes of mental retardation are preventable. 10-21~ by Wolfgang Hoffmann. Uniendo con tu sublime y gran heroismo. It is important that the general public be better July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18821 educated on the prevention of mental retarda THE SOCIAL SECURITY NOTCH team is which he competes placed third in the tion and that those who are affected be al city track meet for the 800-meter relay and lowed to take their rightful place in society. HON. ELIOT L ENGEL fourth in the city track meet for the 400-meter Throughout the last 25 years the Committee OF NEW YORK relay. Stephen's talents extend to music as has assisted local, national, and international IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES well, as demonstrated by the fact that he plays violin in the school orchestra. organizations with their efforts to reduce the Wednesday, July 17, 1991 incidence of mental retardation. The Commit Stephen has had a distinguished career in Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to scouting. He has earned two religious awards tee has also aided individuals with mental re urge my colleagues to support H.R. 917, of and some 18 additional merit badges beyond tardation by helping them achieve full citizen which I am an original cosponsor. This bill is the required 21 for the Eagle Scout rank. He ship as productive, taxpaying members of scr designed to correct the Social Security notch plans to earn additional merit badges so he ciety. problem, which causes people born between can learn more and earn Eagle Palms. As evi Despite all of its accomplishments, the work 1917 and 1921 to receive smaller Social Se dence of his community service, it is important of the President's Committee on Mental Retar curity benefits than others. It is unfair that to note that he is a brotherhood member of dation is not yet finished. More must be done some people are being penalized because of the Order of the Arrow. to make the general public aware of the the year they were born. These so-called Stephen's Eagle project demonstrates his causes of mental retardation and of the ways notch babies should not continue to be sec interest in conservation and underscores his we've learned to prevent them. ond-class citizens. plan to earn the Hornaday Award for Con By supporting these efforts we ensure the During the 101 st Congress, I was a cospon servation. His project required over 429 hours rights of the mentally retarded and we enable sor of a similar bill, which was one of 16 bills to plan, develop and execute. Specifically, he them to continue to lead active lives. introduced to address this issue. H.R. 917 is placed four free-floating wood duck nesting a consensus bill which combines the best fea boxes on Couchville Lake at Long Hunter Please join me in designating the year 1991 tures of all these bills. State Park. These free-floating boxes will as the 25th anniversary year of the formation H.R. 917 is designed to help middle-class allow nesting without the problems of flooding of the Presidenfs Committee on Mental Retar senior citizens by capping the creditable earn destroying the nesting eggs or young. To pay dation. ings used to calculate benefits to correct the for the project, Stephen spoke to businesses, notch at $29,700 per year. This cap would not individuals and community organizations like apply to any income earned after age 65. Ad the Kiwanis Club and was able to obtain ap THE NORTH AMERICAN FEIS COM ditionally, this legislation would provide a 10- proximately $910 in donations. MISSION AND THE CULTURAL year transition benefit for people born between Stephen's family and friends are especially HALL OF FAME 1917 and 1926 to ensure that there are no re proud of his earning the rank of Eagle Scout. sidual benefit discrepancies caused by the In Stephen's case, it is one of many steps in notch. a life already full of achievements and great HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN H.R. 917 is designed to hold the cost of cor goals. recting the notch to $5 billion per year during Congratulations, Stephen. OF NEW YORK the 1990's and less thereafter. The Social Se IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES curity surplus is currently over $155 billion and is expected to rise to over $1 trillion by the THE DEATH OF MORT R. LEWIS Wednesday, July 17, 1991 end of the decade. It is only right for us to use a small portion of this money to correct this HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to horrible discrimination. pay tribute to the Irish Cultural Hall of Fame OF CALIFORNIA I believe the notch has resulted in arbitrary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the North American Feis Commission, an benefit discrepancies which are unfair and organization devoted to the promotion and jeopardize the integrity of the Social Security Wednesday, July 17, 1991 preservation of Irish culture. System. I urge the Ways and Means Commit Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is with prcr Mr. Speaker, the Irish Cultural Hall of Fame tee to take action on H.R. 917 and to correct found sadness that I bring to the attention of was created in 1978 to memorialize individuals the security notch. Let's stop this appalling my colleagues the death of my friend Mort R. who have given unselfishly of themselves to discrimination once and for all. Lewis. Mort's compassion, his ineffable deter promote Irish culture. Those who are inducted mination, and his delightful sense of humor into the hall of fame are no ordinary Irish will continue to influence those of us lucky to Americans. They are carefully selected individ CONGRATULATIONS STEPHEN ED know him during his lifetime. uals who have been actively involved in the WARD STEWART, TROOP 275'S Mort was a successful radio, television and field of the "Irish arts" as performers, teach NEWEST EAGLE SCOUT film writer. He began his career as a comedy ers, or volunteers and have devoted at least writer for radio entertainers like Jimmy 1O years working for the preservation and prcr HON. BOB CLEMENT Durante, Jackie Gleason, and George Burns. motion of their culture. OF TENNESSEE For television he created "The Public Defend IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers," and he contributed to such successful The Irish having played such a colorful role programs as "Bonanza," "Bewitched," "Com in our Nation's history, I am particularly Wednesday, July 17, 1991 bat," "Rawhide," "Truth or Consequences," pleased that their rich heritage is being pre Mr. CLEMENT. Mr. Speaker, presently, Boy and "This Is Your Life." served and maintained in such a glorious Scout Troop 275 will confer on Stephen Ed Although he had a busy career, Mort was a fashion as through the Feis Commission's Hall ward Stewart the rank of Eagle Scout. I am humanitarian whose love of people and the of Fame. Its dedicated members have brought pleased to join his family and friends in con sanctity of life always kept him involved in ef honor, fame, and prestige not only to them gratulating Stephen on earning this award. forts to improve the health of Americans. Dur selves but to their communities and to the Stephen is a 14-year-old who will begin this ing the many years I knew him, he worked Irish race. Their example inspires young peer fall as a freshman at McGavock High School. persistently, and through every avenue he pie to take an interest in their Irish heritage. Stephen plans to finish high school with high could think of, to broaden the public's aware Accordingly, Mr. Speaker, I invite my col enough honors to receive an appointment to ness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR]. leagues to join with me in extending congratu the Naval Academy, where he would like to be Mort began his commitment to raise public lations and best wishes to the Irish Cultural an aviator. Certainly, earning the rank of Eagle awareness of CPR in the 1970's. He was in Hall of Fame and its inductees. I trust that the Scout is indicative of the high goals and dedi strumental in establishing one of the first blood hall of fame will continue to recognize those cation Stephen has already exhibited in his banks in California. He was also a certified in whose dedication and integrity help to pre young life. structor of CPR for the American Heart Asscr serve the strength of Irish heritage in this For example, Stephen is a member of the ciation and won its Award for Exceptional country. National Junior Honor Society. And the track Services. In addition, he received the Humani- 18822 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 tarian Award of the Los Angeles County Board and to solicit possible solutions. Perhaps we King, holed up in a church with hundreds of of Supervisors, and one of the highest awards need a pension benefit guaranty corporation others and an angry mob outside, got on the of the Writers Guild of America, the Valentine for health benefits. Perhaps we need to in phone with Attorney General Robert Kennedy Davies Award. clude retirees in any universal health coverage and told him that we needed the Federal Gov Mort's commitment to CPR awareness was Congress might approve. emmenfs help. We got assurances from contagious. Nineteen fellow members of the I raise the question with the hope that we Bobby Kennedy that he would do all that he Writers Guild of America-West became cer can develop a satisfactory response before it could to ensure that we were safe. James tified CPR instructors and the Screen Actors is too late for the retirees of the next bankrupt Farmer rejoined the ride. Guild, Dramatists Guild, and Writers Guild company. We cannot allow what is happening When the freedom riders were put in the East started their own programs. to Eastern's retirees to occur again. Hinds County Jail, Farmer went too. When the Due to Mort's efforts, Congress passed a freedom riders were sent to the infamous resolution declaring the week of October 20, Parchman Penitentiary, Farmer went too. 1985, as CPR Awareness Week. Lo~ Angeles TRIBUTE TO JAMES FARMER As a result of the ride James Farmer made, mayor Tom Bradley proclaimed the same black people could-for the first time-travel week in 1986 as Los Angeles CPR Awareness HON. JOHN LEWIS freely throughout the United States. Week. Mort spent years working to get the OF GEORGIA The next year James Farmer went North. Stamp Advisory Committee to accept his idea IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He organized Freedom Highways in 1962. The for a CPR stamp and he obtained an impres Wednesday, July 17, 1991 result was that thousands of activists, led by Farmer, desegregated restaurants and motels sive list of endorsements for his efforts. Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, 30 up and down the eastern seaboard. Mort was an expert on the Civil War and years ago, the course of history abruptly James Farmer was scheduled to be one of connoisseur of the humor of Abraham Lincoln. changed as a group of Americans boarded the keynote speakers at the March on Wash He was past president of the Civil War Round buses in Washington, DC, and rode into a ington in 1963. He did not participate in the Table for Southern California, vice president of cauldron of hatred in the Deep South. That March, however, because he refused to leave the Lincoln Sesquicentennial Association of was 1961, 3 years before the Civil Rights Act the jailhouse in which he was being held in California, and a member of the advisory was signed into law. That was the "Freedom Louisiana. Floyd McKissick read Farmer's council of the United States Civil War Centen Ride." With James Farmer at its helm, that statement at the March on Washington. nial Commission. was the ride that put an end to Jim Crow in Mr. Speaker, a dictum of the Talmud in Farmer nearly lost his life at the hands of interstate transportation. law enforcement officers and the Ku Klux Klan structs us that "if any human being saves a James Farmer is one of those too often for in Plaquemine, LA. His work in Louisiana at single soul, scripture regards him as if he had gotten heroes. When he was 22 years old, tracted little press attention; but it resulted in saved an entire world." Mort's life mirrored this Farmer founded the Congress of Racial Equal the gain of voting rights and political teaching; and our lives are diminished with his ity. CORE was founded in 1943 as an inter empowerment for thousands of poor and black passing. racial organization committed to the principles people in that State. I wish Mort's widow, Isabelle, good health of nonviolence ascribed to by Mahatma Gan and great strength from her beautiful memo In 1969, James Farmer was named Assist dhi. ant Secretary for the Department of Health, ries of their long, happy life together. CORE demonstrations began in Chicago. Education and Welfare. There he was instru Through Farmer's organizational efforts, 15 mental in saving Head Start. He also devel chapters soon made their presence felt oped the New Careers and HEW Fellows Pro WHICH COMPANY WILL BE THE throughout our Nation. NEXT EASTERN AIRLINES? James Farmer is a man gifted with a huge grams, opening the doors for unprecedented array of talents-a towering intellect, an infal numbers of blacks and other minorities to as HON. LAWRENCE J. SMITII lible memory, a mesmerizing voice, a com sume senior Government positions. Today-71 years old and unsighted-James OF FLORIDA manding presence, equanimity in crisis, a for Farmer continues to issue "wake-up calls" to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES giving spirit and an unswerving ethical com Americans of all colors and ages, reminding pass. He has dedicated his talents to organiz Wednesday, July 17, 1991 us of the work still to be done. What he will ing others to stand up, speak out and act say as we commemorate the 3oth anniversary Mr. SMITH of Florida. Mr. Speaker, too against wrongs. often Congress is accused of reacting to prob In 1961, James Farmer decided to test the of the freedom ride later this week is this: lems after they occur. We now have the op recent Supreme Court ruling outlawing seg Here we will celebrate the bravery of those portunity to plan ahead to protect the retire riders, but bravado is not enough. We will regation in interstate commerce by setting up honor the past, but we must not be mired in ment health benefits of perhaps millions of freedom rides. There were 13 of us on the Americans and their families. it. The past shines brightest when it illumi original freedom ride, including James Farmer. nates the present, enabling us to pierce the A few months ago, the retirees of Eastern Farmer had said that "He would not be an darkness of the future * * *. Look back! Yes. Airlines learned that the trustee in bankruptcy armchair general, sending the troops where he But most of all, employ the verve of yester wanted to reduce their health benefits. This is would not venture to go himself." "I will go day in taking a bold leap forward. allowed under the bankruptcy law. Retirees of with them," he said. I am honored to have this opportunity to pay a liquidating company have no protection Two days after we left Washington, we ar tribute to an esteemed movement patriarch, under the law. Their health benefits disappear rived in Rock Hill, SC. There was an alterca James Farmer, a nonviolent warrior for free when the company liquidates. tion at the bus station there. Some of the rid dom, equity, peace, and justice. James Farm I had to tell constituents that Congress has ers were hurt. er, one of the unsung heroes of the civil rights no legal power to intervene once a company I had to leave the ride at that time. Farmer movement, continues to keep his eye on the files for bankruptcy. The separation of powers and the others continued. When they got to prize. doctrine prevents our interfering in a judicial Anniston, AL-about 2 hours outside of Mont proceeding. gomery-one of their buses was burned. Today it is Eastern, but who will it be tomor People on the other bus were beaten when UNION BEACH, NJ, TO HOLD row? It is not inconceivable that another major they arrived at the station in Birmingham. WELCOME HOME CELEBRATION American company will declare bankruptcy be Fearing for the safety of the freedom riders, fore the turn of the century. James Farmer announced that CORE was HON. FRANK PAllONE, JR. ERISA protects pension benefits, but no canceling the ride. OF NEW JERSEY agency protects retirement health benefits. As Some of us in Nashville--Bernard Lafayette, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the population ages and health costs continue James Bevel, myself and others-were deter to increase, retirement health benefits will be mined that the ride should continue. So, we Wednesday, July 17, 1991 come as important as pensions. went to Birmingham to take up the ride. Mr. PALLONE. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, I am urging the appropriate committees to Eventually, we made it to Montgomery. It July 21, the borough of Union Beach, NJ, will begin an investigation of this potential problem was in Montgomery that Dr. Martin Luther hold a Welcome Home Celebration for the July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18823 men and women of America's armed forces Schwarzkopf s deputy commander during Op of American States and is responsible for the who served their country so ably and hero erations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Lt. inclusion of "equal rights for women" into that ically in Operation Desert Storm. Sunday's Gen. Marvin Brailsford, also a member of the charter. event will also pay tribute to all American vet class of 1959, played an integral part by sup · Ambassador Bernardino was the first erans, whose service to their country in pre plying materiel readiness to the U.S. Army. woman to be elected first vice president of the vious wars shall never be forgotten. America is proud of the leadership provided to Economics and Social Council of the United The celebration will begin with a parade our Nation by General Waller and General Nations. She was twice elected vice president through town, concluding at the borough's mu Railsford. of UNICEF. Mrs. Bernardino was for several nicipal building. The rest of the day's festivites Mr. Speaker, during this past .academic years the chairman of the Commission on the will include music and dancing, with a fire year, Prairie View A&M University had its Status of Women of the United Nations. works show at dusk. computer engineering technology and elec Mr. Speaker, of the innumerable awards be Mr. Speaker, America's triumph against the trical engineering technology programs receive stowed upon Mrs. Bernardino, she is espe illegal Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait accreditation from the accreditation board for cially proud of one given to her in June 1950, stands as proof that our country will use its engineering and technology. The Texas Na by the National Council of Negro Women, awesome military force for the purposes of up tional Research Laboratory Commission gave which declared her Woman of the Year for her holding international law. Operation Desert $1 million for the first-year phase of Prairie struggle for Civil Rights for Women. She is Storm was proof that we mean business when View A&M University's particle detector re also proud to have established close friend it comes to preventing dangerous tyrants from search center, which Prairie View A&M Uni ships with other outstanding women of the imposing their will on their neighbors. As we versity will direct as the lead institution in a world who have influenced and inspired her in work toward a better world of greater inter consortium of 13 other universities. This pro cluding Indira Gandhi, Eleanor Roosevelt, Eva national cooperation, America's strength and posal links collaborators of historical black col Peron, and several queens of nations. resolve exists to deter and roll back the forces leges and universities to institutions with Mr. Speaker, I am proud to pay tribute to of aggression and dictatorship. A strong Amer strong research reputation for joint benefit. Ambassador Minerva Bernardino. She has ica is not a threat to anyone, but rather a Prairie View A&M University students won 1st, dedicated her life to the fight for women's guarantee that the cause of peace and free 2d, and 3d places in biology and two students rights and the protection of equality for all mi dom will prevail. tied for 1st in physics in the 10th Annual Re norities. Her leadership and commitment have Our President and our top military officials search Association of Minority Professors paved the way for the women of the future, deserve tremendous credit for their vision and Conference in Houston. These are only a few and have eased the transition for more women leadership in winning this war quickly and de accomplishments from this distinguished uni to play an active role in the advocacy of uni cisively, while the designers and manufactur versity this year. versal rights for all women. ers of our defense technology deserve praise I applaud the dedication and challenge of for their work on the equipment that made it Prairie View A&M University to its continued possible for us to defeat Saddam Hussein's service. There is no doubt that this institution CONGRATULATIONS TO forces with a minimum of casualties. But the has contributed greatly to our country and is ARCHBISHOP PHILIP SALIBA lion's share of the credit belongs to the men indeed an institution of the first class. and women of our armed forces who volun teered to defend their country in a time of HON. ROBERT G. TORRltELU peace and then, when confronted with war, re TRIBUTE TO AMBASSADOR OF NEW JERSEY sponded with bravery, professionalism and the MINERVA BERNARDINO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will to win. Wednesday, July 17, 1991 From the big cities to small towns, Ameri HON.JOSEE.SERRANO cans have expressed their gratitude to these OF NEW YORK Mr. TORRICELLI. Mr. Speaker, I rise in order to commemorate the 25th anniversary of American heroes with parades and other cele IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES brations. On Sunday, it will be Union Beach's Metropolitan Archbishop Philip Saliba as pri turn to say "thank you." I consider it a great Wednesday, July 17, 1991 mate of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian privilege to' take part in this special event. Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Speaker, I rise this Archdiocese of North America. On August 5, morning to pay tribute to Minerva Bernardino, 1966, Archbishop Philip was elected to shep Ambassador to the United Nations, a woman herd the Antiochian archdiocese and since he A SALUTE TO PRAIRIE VIEW A&M who has dedicated her life to the fight for has, time and time again, exhibited visionary UNIVERSITY ALUMNI women's rights and equality. Ambassador leadership. , Bernardino will be honored this Friday evening Philip Saliba was born into a traditional Or HON. GREG LAUGHLIN at a Gala Banquet that is sponsored by the thodox Christian family in Abou Mizan, Leb OF TEXAS First Annual Grand Dominican Parade in my anon in June 1931. Following a traditional education, at the age of 14, he was accepted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES district, the South Bronx. Mr. Speaker, Ambassador Bernardino has into the Balamand Orthodox Seminary in Trip Wednesday, July 17, 1991. resided in New York City for many years. She oli, Lebanon, and later graduated from the Or Mr. LAUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, today begins holds the distinction of being the first woman thodox Secondary School and Assiyeh Ortho the 17th annual Prairie View A&M University Ambassador to the United Nations, represent dox College in Damascus, Syria. In 1949, at National Alumni Convention. It is with great ing her beloved country, the Dominican Re the tender age of 18, he was ordained as a pleasure that I have this opportunity to recog public. She was ambassador to the Nether deacon and assigned to the Antiochian Ortho nize the current and former students of this lands for 3 years, 1971-72, 1972-73, and dox spiritual leader, Patriarch Alexander Ill. In distinguished university. 1973-74, and has traveled the world demand 1952, he was appointed to teach in the de Prairie View A&M University is deeply en ing equal rights for all women. partment of Arabic language and literature at riched in academic history. Therefore, it She was a signatory of the charter of the the Balamand Seminary. In September 1953, comes as no surprise that the State of Texas United Nations in the San Francisco Con Deacon Philip enrolled at the Kelham Theo constitutionally recognizes Prairie View A&M ference in 1945; she is the only signatory still logical School in Nottinghamshire, England, University as an institution of the first class. I living. She was instrumental in the insertion of and in September 1954 began theological am extremely proud to represent this excep "equal rights for women" in the charter and studies at the University of London. tional group of students and educators who was responsible for the words "equal rights for Philip Saliba's experiences during these still are committed to making our world a better men and women" in the Universal Declaration impressionable years made a profound impact place. of Human Rights. She led the fight for the in shaping what became Philip's priorities as a Prairie View A&M's excellence was well adoption by the U.N. General Assembly of the priest and then as prelate: the need to cul demonstrated this past year by Lt. Gen. Calvin Conventions for Political Rights for Women tivate and ensure integrity among the church Waller, Prairie View A&M University, class of and the Nationality of Married Women. She is hierarchy, the strengthening of Orthodox theo 1959, who served as Gen. Norman a signatory of the charter of the Organization logical training and a focus on the importance 18824 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 of Orthodox youth education, and providing On the eve of Archbishop Philip's 25th anni Guruji has participated in many world reli security for clergy and their families. In 1956, versary as primate of the Antiochian Orthodox gion conferences and has worked to establish Philip arrived in the United States to study at Christian Archdiocese of North America, I con harmony between all religions. When Pope Holy Cross Orthodox Seminary in Brookline, gratulate him for his work as a theologian and John Paul visited India, guruji stood against MA, and was subsequently assigned to St. humanitarian and as a fine example to all who those who opposed his trip. George Orthodox Church in Detroit, Ml, and choose and are proud to be Americans. Although guruji belongs to the Jain tradition began studying history at Wayne State Univer of spirituality, Hindus also look to him as a sity, receiving his B.A. in January 1959. On leader. March 1, 1959, Philip Saliba was ordained an PRATISHATHA CELEBRATION illGHLIGHTS INDIAN CULTURE He is a leader in efforts to create peace Orthodox priest and received his first pastoral through nonviolence. assignment at St. George Church in Cleve AND RELIGION land, OH. Father Philip continued to study Or In 1990, Guruji was the main speaker for thodoxy as the years progressed and earned meditation and nonviolence at the Global Con HON. FRANK J. GUARINI ference of Spiritual Leaders and Parliamentar a masters in divinity studies from St. Vladimir's OF NEW JERSEY Seminary in Crestwood, NY, in June 1965. ians in Moscow. During this conference, he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES discussed matters of world peace with Soviet In 1966, Antony Bashir, archbishop of the Wednesday, July 17, 1991 Premier Mikhail Gorbachev. Antiochian archdiocese at that time, died and Father Philip was nominated and later elected Mr. GUARINI. Mr. Speaker, I would like to It is through his work and leadership that in August 1966, to succeed him. The new 35- ask my distinguished colleagues to join me in those attending the August pratishatha hope year-old archbishop was now able to embark saluting an Indian religious celebration taking to further their learning about Jain and en 1pon the objectives-theological, humani place in my home State of New Jersey in Au hance their spiritual awareness. tarian, and administrative--that had always gust. My distinguished colleagues, please join me driven him to serve both the church and those From August 2 to 11, Indian people from all in extending our best wishes to his holiness around him. over the world will travel to Siddhachalam in Maharj and all those attending the Pratishatha Blairstown, NJ, for a Pratishatha celebration. In his 25 years as archbishop, Philip Saliba celebration. During this celebration, members of the Jain has accomplished a great deal, reflecting the religion will gather to further explore their be priorities he established for himself so long liefs and their inner selves. The celebration ago. In the early 1970's, Archbishop Philip or TRIBUTE TO BILL POWELL will include a world Jain conference, a cultural ganized and established the first archdiocese program, discussions, and seminars. wide woman's organization, and appointed the More than 100,000 people from the New first woman to the archdiocese board of trust HON. CARROil HUBBARD, JR. Jersey-New York area are expected to meet OF KENTUCKY ees. In 1975, Archbishop Philip achieved the at Siddhachalam. Among those attending will first measure of Orthodox unity in the United be residents from the large Indian community IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States by merging his Antiochian archdiocese present in my congressional district of Hudson with the only other Antiochian jurisdiction in Wednesday, July 17, 1991 County, NJ. the United States. Also, in 1975, Archbishop Hardyal Singh, president of the International Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, I take this oi:r Philip founded the philanthropic organization, Mahatma Gandhi Association and the United portunity today to pay tribute to Bill Powell of the Order of St. Ignatius of Antioch, whose Indian American Association, and Mono R. Paducah, KY, who died April 2, 1991, at membership now exceeds 1,000 members Sen. chairman of the Inda-American Associa Lourdes Hospital in Paducah at the age of 71 . and has donated over $5 million to the tion, are both coordinators for this event. Bill Powell was an outstanding journalist archidocese and humanitarian projects around Both Mr. Singh and Mr. Sen's organization's with a long and distinguished career. Through the world. are based in Jersey City. The Pratishatha out his 45-year career, he devoted his efforts In addition, the Food for Hungry People Pro celebration is a further extension of their ef to reporting on events and matters of impor gram, instituted in 1975, has donated over $1 forts to promote awareness of Indian culture tance to western Kentucky. milion to needy organizations and individuals and heritage in the United States. He worked for 28 years with the Paducah the world over, without regard to race, creed Both men are leaders within Hudson Coun Sun-Democrat, which is now the Paducah or nationality. In 1978, the archbishop directed ty's Indian community, which is about 30,000 Sun. Before retiring in 1984, he spent the last the purchase and subsequent development of strong, and I commend them for their work on 121/2 years as the western Kentucky bureau the 300-acre Antiochian Village in Ligonier, this project. chief for the Courier-Journal, Kentucky's larg PA. Archbishop Philip has been very involved The gathering at Siddhachalam will mark a est newspaper which is based in Louisville. in the search for peace in Lebanon and the milestone in the history of Jain's growth out Before joining the staff of the Paducah Sun Middle East in general. The archbishop con side India. Many spiritual leaders will attend Democrat, he worked for the Princeton Lead stantly meets with other Christians, Jews, and the conference, and L.M. Singhvi, India's High er, a Caldwell County, KY, weekly newspaper. Moslems seeking formulae for political solu Commissioner to the United Kingdom, is also Bill Powell was an institution in Western tions to these most difficult questions. Arch expected to attend. Kentucky. He was born in Henry County, TN, bishop Philip has met with Presidents Reagan The setting for this celebration is also impor but grew up in Symsonia, KY, which is located and Bush, State Department officials and lead tant as Siddhachalam, in Blairstown, became in Graves County. He loved western Kentucky, ers of other countries seeking the way of the first Jain teerth outside India when it was which was evident to those who read his arti peace. founded in 1983. The word Siddhachalam cles. Archbishop Philip has been awarded many means abode of supreme power. Since its Bill was well known for his knowledge of the commendations and medals, among them are opening, Siddhachalam has grown as Jain fol region. He was a reporter with a warm , out the Order of Cedars from the Lebanese Gov lowers as well as non-Jains have flocked here going style, and was highly respected by ernment and the Cross of Lebanon from the for spiritual ceremonies. those of us who knew him. Lebanese Antiochian Archdiocese. He has Siddhachalam also serves as the head been bestowed with honorary doctorates from quarters for his holiness Acharya Sushil Bill Powell served in the U.S. Navy and was his alma maters, Wayne State University and Kumarji Maharj, who is founder-chairman and a member of the Westminster Presbyterian the St. Vladimir's Seminary. As impressive as a leader of the Jain religion. Church in Paducah. each of these are, his most cherished honor H.H. Maharj, who is also known affection He is survived by his lovely wife Ruth was receiving the "Liberty Award" presented ately by his followers as guruji, has dedicated Hobgood Powell of Paducah; two daughters, to him by Mayor Edward Koch of New York his life to promoting nonviolence, peace, envi Danna Gardner and Nancy Lindsey, both of City in conjunction with the 1OOth anniversary ronmental protection, and animal rights. He is Paducah; and a brother, Loman Powell of of the Statue of Liberty; Archbishop Philip was the founder of the World Fellowship of Reli Symsonia. one of only a few Americans to receive this gion and the International Mahavir Jain Mis My wife Carol joins me in extending our sin honor. sion. cere sympathy to the family of Bill Powell.
...... ,..~ .... _...... , - ...__ . - - - July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18825 TRIBUTE TO SHANNIE SLOAN and the legislation I offer to the House today Mr. Speaker, it is unfortunate that to this BARNETT will accomplish that goal. date, we have received no response to this In 1984, my predecessor, Mel Price, and letter. In addition, Secretary Lujan seems re HON. MARCY KAP11JR then-Congressman PAUL SIMON introduced luctant to use the tools available to him to OF OHIO legislation to expand the JNEM and establish designate this extension. That is why, with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a commission to develop the boundaries of assistance of my three House colleagues in the future park. In 1987, the Commission com Wednesday, July 17, 1991 the downtown metropolitan area-Congress pleted its work and submitted its plan to then men GLENN POSHARD, DICK GEPHARDT, and Ms. KAPTUR. Mr. Speaker, On July 2, Secretary of the Interior Donald Hodel. After a BILL CLAY-this bill is introduced today. It is Ohio's Ninth District lost one of the most valu lengthy review of the plan, Secretary Hodel my understanding that a Senate companion able members of its community with the death said he could not support the "final plan" be of Shannie Barnett. During his lifetime he gave cause of two conditions in the law: that "bind may be introduced in the near future as well. so much to those who knew him. He was truly ing commitments" were not in place from pri This legislation makes three vital changes to a man of honor; a man devoted to his family vate sources for park development, nor from present law. It designates the Illinois exten and friends, and to those whose lives he the city of East St. Louis or State of Illinois for sion; removes the "binding commitments" pro touched through his dedication to humankind. annual operation and maintenance costs. visions; and raises the park authorization lev Born in Pine Bluff, AR, and raised in Toledo, Secretary Hodel's decision returned the els from $2.25 to $7.5 million. OH, Shannie Sloan Barnett was an active process back to the Congress. In early 1989, Mr. Speaker, this bill represents an oppor member of a number of organizations in our legislation was introduced to remove the tunity to fulfill the dream of Eero Saarinen, as area. A 42-year veteran of the Jeep plant, "binding commitments" clause, but Members Shannie started his career in the press shop of Congress from the St. Louis metropolitan well as the original designers of the JNEM, of and retired as a representative for the United area, as well as House Interior subcommittee implementing a bistate park to commemorate Auto Workers at the plant in 1984. During his Chairman BRUCE VENTO, felt that newly-ap America's westward expansion. This park will years at Jeep, he left his mark by helping to pointed Interior Secretary Manuel Lujan de not only be an outstanding source of beauty establish a job training program that helped served an opportunity to work with the Con and recreation, and Illinois' first national park, hundreds of men and women obtain job skills. gress in moving forward on the Illinois JNEM, but in attracting many of the 2.5 million visitors Many in our area know Shannie for his su so the legislation did not receive a hearing. to the Gateway Arch each year, it will help to perb basketball talent. He played on many In June of 1989, myself, Chairman VENTO, revitalize the distressed economy of East St. local teams including the Brown Buddies, and Senators ALAN DIXON and PAUL SIMON Louis, IL. Ciralsky's Meats, and the Indiana Y Big Five. met with Secretary Lujan to express our desire It is estimated that a $30 million Federal in His basketball talent was so great that he was to work together to move the park forward. In vestment in the JNEM on the west side of the even invited to play as a pivot man for the an August, 1989 response letter to our meet river has been the catalyst for over $2.5 billion Harlem Globetrotters. But Shannie chose to ing, Secretary Lujan indicated a desire to of private and public investment in downtown use his athletic talent to help young people in progress on the project once two conditions St. Louis. Surely Congress and the Bush ad our community by serving on a number of ath were met: that the land be tested and deemed letic commissions in Toledo. environmentally safe; and that landowners be ministration can envision the valuable possi Shannie was involved in a number of other contacted, organized and urged to come forth bilities of such a similar investment on the local organizations including the Metropolitan with property to be offered to the National east side. I urge my colleagues to support this Men's Club, the NAACP, the Frederick Doug Park Service under the 100-acre plan. worthwhile legislation. lass Community Center, the Third Baptist In August of 1989, I requested that the Church, and the New Convenant Baptist Southwestern Illinois Development Authority, Church. headed by Dr. Earl Lazerson, oversee the en A TRIBUTE TO MICHEL YISSACHAR Mr. Speaker, Shannie Barnett's passing has vironmental testing and begin negotiations left a tremendous void in the lives of many with the landowners. Earlier this year, Dr. residents of Ohio's Ninth District. Our thoughts Lazerson informed me that the land had been HON. RONALD K. MACHTI.EY and prayers go out to his wife Doris; daugh tested, and at this point I can inform my col ters Linda Dent, Patricia Barnett, and Karen leagues that all environmental testing is com OF RHODE ISLAND Barnett; grandchildren Jeffrey and Crystal pleted. In addition, 17 acres has been donated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Whitlow; Dwayne, Dawn, and Deanna Barnett; to SWIDA as part of the land negotiations. one great-grandson; brother Fred Allen; step In an effort to give the Secretary of the Inte Wednesday, July 17, 1991 brother Eunice Allen; stepsister Mary Allen rior the ability to acquire lands within the 100- and his vast network of friends who will deeply acre boundary by means other than donation, Mr. MACHTLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is my dis miss him. Individuals like Shannie Barnett do which the 1984 law specifically allows him to tinct pleasure to rise today and congratulate not come along too often, and I am thankful I do, as it reads, "within the area designated in Michel Yissachar, of Allentown, PA, this year's had the opportunity to know such a great and accordance with this section, the Secretary of recipient of the Ronald K. Machtley Academic caring man. the Interior may acquire lands and interests by and Leadership Excellence Award for the donation, purchase with donated or appro Providence Hebrew Day School. priated funds,* ...... at my request and with This award is presented to the student cho ILLINOIS EXTENSION OF JNEM the assistance of Congressman SID YATES sen by the Providence Hebrew Day School and our two Senators, Congress appropriated who demonstrates a mature blend of aca HON. JERRY F. COSTELLO $1.325 million for land acquisition and devel demic achievement, community involvement, OF ILLINOIS opment in fiscal year 1991. and leadership qualities. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As the 1984 law reads, "funds appropriated under subsection (b) of this section shall re Michel Yissachar has more than fulfilled this Wednesday, July 17, 1991 main available until expended," these funds criteria. She has maintained a 4.0 average Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, today I am are available now for the Secretary to use for and has been selected to the National Honor introducing legislation which will ease the designation. Unfortunately, the Interior Depart Society. Michel Yissachar participated on the prC>Qess of designating an Illinois extension of ment has not utilized these funds as an option mock trial team, was secretary of the student the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. to move ahead on the park plan. council, and coeditor of the yearbook. In addi As many of my colleagues are aware, the On April 30, 1991, in a final, bipartisan effort tion she was a peer tutor and a leader of a JNEM is now home to the Gateway Arch in by Members of Congress on both sides of the student youth group. downtown St. Louis, directly across the river river to seek the Department of Interior's as I commend Michel Yissachar on her out from my congressional district. The designers sistance on this proposal, a letter was sent to of the JNEM and the Arch have always envi the Secretary asking that he designate ·the Illi standing achievements and wish her all the sioned an Illinois extension of this memorial, nois JNEM. best in her future endeavors. 18826 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 TRIBUTE TO TYRONE K. BACKERS, Scouts of America for establishing the Eagle that the Baltic years of independent statehood PRESIDENT OF ROTARY CLUB OF Scout Award and the strenuous criteria its as were simply an anomaly and that the only de MIAMI-GOLDEN GLADES pirants must meet. This program has through sires of the proletariat in Estonia, Latvia, and its 80 years honed and enhanced the leader Lithuania were to unite with the Soviet State. HON. WIWAM LEHMAN ship skills and commitment to public service of The Baltic countries have made long strides OF FLORIDA many outstanding Americans, two dozen of forward to restore their independence from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whom now serve in the House. Soviet Union; however, several events prove It is my sincere belief that Joshua Mork will the Soviet Union is still unwilling to free the Wednesday, July 17, 1991 continue his public service and in so doing will captive nations within its empire. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to further distinguish himself and consequently Most recently, on June 26, 1991, Soviet note the recent installation of Tyrone K. Back better his community. I am proud that Joshua military units occupied the central telephone ers as president of the Rotary Club of Miami Mork undertook his Scout activity in my rep and telegraph exchange in Vilnius, thus cutting Golden Glades. resentative district, and I join friends, col off all communication between Lithuania and As you know, the Rotarians are a service leagues, and family who this week salute him. the outside world. Lesser communication serv organization dedicated to improving the quality ice facilities outside of Vilnius and in Kaunas of life in our communities, developing the tal were also occupied. ents and potential of our youth and promoting CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK In January 1991, the Soviet Union deployed the highest ethical standards in business. Mr. paratroops and carried out other unusual mili Backers has demonstrated a longstanding in HON. DENNIS M. HERTEL tary movements in an attempt to enforce the volvement in our community, particularly in the OF MICHIGAN conscription of Baltic citizens into the Soviet areas of drug education and drug abuse pre IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Army. An estimated 14 people were killed at vention. He is currently executive director of this time, some of which when Soviet tanks lit Wednesday, July 17, 1991 the Community Crusade Against Drugs of erally rolled over them in a successful attempt South Florida, Inc., and chairman of the Mr. HERTEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to to take over the Lithuanian State television Crestview/Rolling Oaks Citizens Crime Watch. commemorate the 33d year in a row that the station. Mr. Speaker, I would like to point out Mr. Speaker, I extend to President Backers United States has designated July 14-20 as that this action alone was not only uncon and the other Officers of the Miami-Golden Captive Nations Week. As chairman of the ad scionable, but a blatant violation of inter Glades Rotary Club-Dr. Stefano DiMauro, hoc committee on the Baltic States and the national law, as the Geneva accord of 1949 president-elect; Mary Kay Gallagher, vice Ukraine, I am deeply concerned about the forbids the conscription of occupied people president secretary; Steve Dante, Treasurer; plight of the Baltic and Ukrainian people. into the army of occupation. I agreed with and Marty Leitzes, sergeant-at-arms, my con Every year since becoming a Member of Con many organizations dedicated to the establish gratulations and best wishes for continued gress, I have introduced a resolution declaring ment of democratic governments in the Baltic success in the coming year. June 14, Baltic Freedom Day. States when they felt the Soviets hoped their Earlier this year, I had the opportunity to crackdown on the independence movements visit Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia and to wit in the Baltic States would go unnoticed, since SALUTE TO JOSHUA MORK ness first hand the appalling destruction the world's attention was focused on the Per caused by the Soviet military's occupation of sian Gulf war. HON. JACK REED the Baltic States. I met with several members In July 1990, Gorbachev introduced a plan OF RHODE ISLAND of the democratically elected governments to for a New Union Treaty in which the central IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES express my unconditional support of their Soviet Government would retain control of independence movements. most aspects of political, economic, and relat Wednesday, July 17, 1991 The Baltic countries became captive nations ed policy decisions in the Baltic Republics. Mr. REED. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to sa on August 23, 1939, when the infamous Molo None of the Baltic countries has agreed to lute a distinguished young man from Rhode tov-Ribbentrop Pact was signed between the sign the treaty, but Gorbachev continues to Island who has attained the rank of Eagle governments representing Nazi Germany and exert pressure upon them to do so. Scout in the Boy Scouts of America. He is Stalin's Soviet Union. Stalin and Hitler divided Mr. Speaker, these are just a few of the Joshua Mork of Troop 50 in a Narragansett Eastern Europe into spheres of influence cre many examples of the Soviet Union's attempt and he is honored this week for his note ating a pretext for the illegal occupation of Es to, at best, intimidate the Baltic people, and at worthy achievement. tonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in 1940. The So worst, overthrow the democratic governments Not every young American who joins the viet Union consolidated power over the Baltic of these nations. I sincerely hope that this is boy Scouts earns the prestigious Eagle Scout countries in 1940, and has attempted to hold the last year Congress recognizes Captive Na Award. In fact, only 2.5 percent of all Boy these three Western nations captive ever tions Week. I pray that the aspirations of the Scouts do. To earn the award, a Boy Scout since. Baltic people to obtain self-determination is a must fulfill requirements in the areas of leader Mr. Speaker, even though a commission es reality far before July 14-21, 1992. ship, service, and outdoor skills. He must earn tablished by the Congress of the People's 21 merit badges, 11 of which are required Deputies of the U.S.S.R. to examine the Hit from areas such as citizenship in the commu ler-Stalin pact of 1939 declared the pact ille SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS nity, citizenship in the Nation, citizenship in the gal, and despite the United State's longstand Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, world, safety, environmental science, and first ing policy of not recognizing Soviet sov agreed to by the Senate on February 4, aid. ereignty over the Baltic countries, there is con 1977, calls for establishment of a sys As he progresses through the Boy Scout crete evidence that suggests the Salties still tem for a computerized schedule of all ranks, a Scout must demonstrate participation remain captives of Soviet military occupation. meetings and hearings of Senate com in increasingly more responsible service It is estimated that there is one Soviet soldier mittees, subcommittees, joint commit projects. He must also demonstrate leadership for every five Estonian civilians. One in every tees, and committees of conference. skills by holding one or more specific youth 1O people is estimated to be military in Latvia. This title requires all such committees leadership positions in his patrol and/or troop. Lithuania was home to at least 100,000 Soviet to notify the Office of the Senate Daily These young men have distinguished them troops, 10,000 Soviet Interior Ministry troops, Digest-designated by the Rules Com selves in accordance with these criteria. and 5,000 paratroopers prior to the violence mittee-of the time, place, and purpose For his Eagle Scout project, Joshua Mork carried out by Soviet forces in January. of the meetings, when scheduled, and landscaped a courtyard at South Kingstown One Soviet leader after another has tried by any cancellations or changes in the High School in memory of two deceased stu various means to erase the memories of free meetings as they occur. dents. dom and prosperity from the minds of the Bal As an additional procedure along Mr. Speaker, I ask you and my colleagues tic people, but the Baltic spirit has proven to with the computerization of this infor to join me in saluting Eagle Scout Joshua be indomitable. For over 50 years, Soviet his mation, the Office of the Senate Daily Mork. In turn, we must duly recognize the Boy torians have attempted to propagate the myth Digest will prepare this information for July 17, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18827 printing in the Extensions of Remarks projects, and to consider other pending Driftnets in the South Pacific (Treaty section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD legislative and administrative busi- Doc. 102-7). on Monday and Wednesday of each ness. SD-419 SR-301 Judiciary week. 10:00 a.m. Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks Sub Meetings scheduled for Thursday, Environment and Public Works committee July 18, 1991, may be found in the Daily To hold hearings on S. 481, to authorize a Technology and the Law Subcommittee Digest of today's RECORD. two-phase program of research and de To hold joint hearings on S. 1096, to en velopment to produce water of a cer sure the protection of motion picture MEETINGS SCHEDULED tain quality from saline or biologically copyrights. impaired waters. SD-226 JULY 19 SD-124 2:00 p.m. 9:30 a.m. Judiciary Energy and Natural Resources Governmental Affairs To hold hearings on proposed legislation To hold hearings on S. 1351, to encourage Permanent Subcommittee on Investiga providing compensation for victims of partnerships between Department of tions sexual crime, including S. 983, to pro Energy laboratories and educational To resume hearings to examine efforts to vide a cause of action against produc institutions, industry, and other Fed combat fraud and abuse in the insur ers, distributors, exhibitors or sellers eral laboratories in support of critical ance industry. of pornographic material by a victim of national objectives in energy, national SD-342 rape, murder, or sexual assault. security, the environment, and sci Judiciary SD-226 entific and technological competitive- To hold hearings on the nominations of Joint Economic ness. Andrew J. Kleinfeld, of Alaska, to be To hold hearings to examine the eco SD-366 United States Circuit Judge for the nomic outlook at midyear. 2:30 p.m. Ninth Circuit, Benson Everett Legg, to SD--U28 Judiciary be United States District Judge for the 2:00 p.m. Courts and Administrative Practice Sub District of Maryland, Dee V. Benson, to Energy and Natural Resources committee be United States District Judge for the To hold hearings on Senate Joint Resolu To hold hearings to examine certain District of Utah, and Donald L. Gra tions 23 through 34, to consent to cer problems in bankruptcy, focusing on ham, to be United States District tain amendments enacted by the legis airline leasing, the interaction of Judge for the Southern District of lature of the State of Hawaii to the Ha ERISA law in bankruptcy proceedings, Florida. waiian Homes Commission Act of 1920. and whether "Evergreen Trusts" are au SD-226 SD-366 thorized by bankruptcy codes. 10:00 a.m. 2:30p.m. SD-226 Finance Judiciary Medicare and Long-Term Care Subcommit To hold hearings on the nominations of JULY25 tee Eugene E. Siler, Jr., of Kentucky, to be 9:30 a.m. To resume hearings on the Heal th Care United States Circuit Judge for the Energy and Natural Resources Administration's proposal to institute Sixth Circuit, William G. Bassler, to be a prospective payment system for inpa Public Lands, National Parks and Forests United States District Judge for the Subcommittee tient hospital capital costs under the District of New Jersey, and Jorge A. To hold hearings on S. 621 and H.R. 543, Medicare program. Solis, to be United States District to establish the Manzanar National SD-215 Judge for the Northern District of Foreign Relations Historic Site in California, S. 870, to Texas. authorize the inclusion of a tract of To hold closed hearings to examine Chi SD-226 land in the Golden Gate National nese nuclear involvement in the Middle Recreation Area in California, S. 1254, East. JULY 24 S-116, Capitol to increase the authorized acreage 9:30 a.m. limit for the Assateague Island Na Commerce, Science, and Transportation tional Seashore on the Maryland main JULY 22 Communications Subcommittee land, S. 1344, to require the Secretary 9:30a.m. To hold hearings on S. 1410, to protect of the Interior to conduct a study of Small Business the rights of consumers from unsolic nationally significant places in Japa To hold hearings to examine the small ited telephone marketing calls, and S. nese-American history, and H.R. 848, to business impact of proposed enterprise 1462, to revise the Communications Act authorize the establishment of a me zone legislation, including S. 1032, to of 1934 to prohibit certain practices in morial at Custer Battlefield National stimulate employment in, and to pro volving the use of telephone equipment Monument to honor the Indians who mote revitalization of, economically for advertising and solicitation pur fought in the Battle of the Little Big distressed areas designated as enter poses. horn. prise zones, by providing tax relief for SR-253 SD-366 employment and investments. Environment and Public Works Rules and Administration SR--428A Environmental Protection Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 165, to direct the To resume hearings on S. 976, authorizing Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of JULY 23 funds through fiscal year 1996 for pro the House of Representatives, when 9:30 a.m. grams of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, any appropriations bill or joint resolu Commerce, Science, and Transportation focusing on toxics use and source re tion passes both Houses in the same Communications Subcommittee duction provisions. form, to cause the enrolling clerk of To hold hearings on proposed legislation SD-406 the appropriate House to enroll each authorizing funds for the Corporation Special on Aging item of the bill or resolution as a sepa for Public Broadcasting. To hold hearings to examine the treat rate bill or resolution. SR-253 ment of low-income medicare bene SR-301 Energy and Natural Resources ficiaries. 10:00 a.m. Public Lands, National Parks and Forests S_H-216 Environment and Public Works Subcommittee Joint Printing Environmental Protection Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 140, to increase To resume hearings to examine the tech To hold hearings on proposed legislation Federal payments in lieu of taxes to nological future of the Government to implement the Basel Convention on units of general local government for Printing Office. the Control of Transboundary Move entitlement land, and S. 927, to provide B-318 Rayburn Building ments of Hazardous Wastes and their for a transfer of lands between the U.S. 10:00 a.m. Disposal. Forest Service and Eagle and Pitkin Foreign Relations SD-406 Counties in Colorado. To hold hearings on the Amendment to Veterans' Affairs SD-366 the Montreal Protocol on Substances To hold hearings to examine readjust Rules and Administration that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Treaty ment problems of Persian Gulf War To hear and consider a report from the Doc. 102--4), and the Convention for the veterans and their families. Architect of the Capitol on current Prohibition of Fishing with Long SR--418 18828 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1991 10:30 a.m. JULY29 Finance Rules and Administration 2:00 p.m. To resume hearings on S. 612, to encour To hold hearings on S. Res. 82, to estab Environment and Public Works age savings and investment through in lish the Senate Select Committee on Water Resources, Transportation, and In dividual retirement accounts (IRAs) in POW/MIA Affairs. frastructure Subcommittee an effort to stimulate economic growth S&-301 To hold hearings on oversight of the Gen for Americans and the nation. 2:00 p.m. eral Services Administration's (GSA's) · SD-215 Energy and Natural Resources planning and management procedures To continue hearings on S. 1351, to en and the condition of the Federal Build AUGUST! courage partnerships between Depart ing Fund. 9:30a.m. ment of Energy laboratories and edu SD-406 Energy and Natu.ral Resources cational institutions, industry, and Public Lands, National Parks and Forests other Federal laboratories in support JULY30 Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 1156, to provide of critical national objectives in en 9:30 a.m. ergy, national security, the environ for the protection and management of Energy and Natural Resources certain areas on public domain lands ment, and scientific and technological To hold oversight hearings on the reset managed by the Forest Service in the competitiveness. tlement of the Rongelap, Marshall Is States of California, Oregon, and Wash SD-366 lands. ington. Environment and Public Works SD-366 SD-366 Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee Environment and Public Works 10:00 a.m. To hold hearings on international com Environmental Protection Subcommittee Environment and Public Works mercial nuclear reactor safety. To hold hearings to examine and evalu Water Resources, Transportation, and In SD-406 ate recent developments relating to frastructure Subcommittee Labor and Human Resources international negotiations on global To hold hearings on a proposed Depart Employment and Productivity Sub climate change and stratospheric ozone ment of Transportation headquarters, committee depletion. and the relationship between the Judi To hold joint hearings with the Select SD-406 ciary and the Government Services Ad Committee on Indian Affairs on em 2:30 p.m. ministration for the provision of space ployment on Indian reservations. Energy and Natural Resources for the Courts. SR-485 Mineral Resources Development and Pro SD-406 Select on Indian Affairs duction Subcommittee To hold joint hearings with the Commit To hold hearings on S. 1179, to stimulate tee on Labor and Human Resources' the production of geologic-map infor SEPTEMBER 24 Subcommittee on Employment and mation in the United States through 9:00 a.m. Productivity on employment on Indian the cooperation of Federal, State, and Veterans' Affairs reservations. academic participants, and S. 1187, to To hold joint hearings with the House SR-485 revise the Stock Raising Homestead Committee on Veterans' Affairs to re Act to provide certain procedures for view the legislative recommendations JULY26 entry onto the Stock Raising Home of the American Legion. stead Act lands. 334 Cannon Building 10:00 a.m. SD-366 Environment and Public Works Environmental Protection Subcommittee JULY 31 POSTPONEMENTS To hold hearings on S. 58, to establish a 10:00 a.m. national policy for the conservation of Commerce, Science, and Transportation JULY 19 biological diversity. Merchant Marine Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. SD-406 To hold hearings on proposed legislation Foreign Relations Joint Economic authorizing funds for the Maritime Ad To hold hearings to review Ambassador To resume hearings to examine the eco ministration, Department of Com- Glaspie's July 25, 1990 meeting with nomic outlook at midyear. merce. Saddam Hussein. SD--628 S&-253 Room to be announced