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Joaquín Roy and María Lorca-Susino Spain in the European Union

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Joaquín Roy and María Lorca-Susino Spain in the European Union “Spain is the problem. Europe is the solution”. In this fashion Ortega y Gasset (1986-2011) Years Twenty-Five the First Union: Spain in the European once dramatized the need to “Europeanize” Spain. The results over the first twenty five years of EU membership have been truly impressive. When Spain became a member of the EC, some of the best and brightest of Spain’s govern- mental cadres and universities joined the expanded European institutions, taking on positions of responsibility. The most prominent chaired the European Court of Justice (Gil-Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias) and the Parliament (Enrique Barón, José- María Gil Robles, and Josep Borrell), holding key positions in the Commission, and filling the newly created position of High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (Javier Solana). Spain, in sum, “was not different”, contrary to what old-fashion tourist publicity for the country used to say. It was a European country like any other that was returning to its natural home after a long exile. Spain, in turn, received considerable benefits from EU membership through funds for regional investment policies, agriculture and rural develop- ment, and the modernisation of national infrastructure. From an index of 60 percent of the European average in 1986, today Spain’s income per head is in the range of 105 percent, with some regions surpassing 125 percent. From being a country that was a net receiver from the EU budget, Spain today is a net contributor. Reflecting this development, the present volume examines different di- mensions of the deepening relationship between Spain and the rest of Europe through membership of the EU (its history, and its impact on policy development on economic growth and on relations with third countries). Contributors Joaquín Roy y and María Lorca-Susino Joaquín Almunia Luis Moreno Enrique Barón Ramón Mullerat Cristina Blanco Sío-López Vicente Palacio Joaquín Roy and María Lorca-Susino Carmen González Enríquez Sonia Piedrafi ta (editors) Francesc Granell Charles Powell Haruko Hosoda Joaquín Roy (editors) Imtiaz Hussain Sebastián Royo Prefaces by Joaquín Almunia and Enrique Barón María Lorca-Susino José Ignacio Torreblanca Blanca Vilà Alfonso Camiñas-Muiña (Assistant Editor) Jean Monnet Chair, University of Miami Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence “Spain is the problem. Europe is the solution”. In this fashion Ortega y Gasset (1986-2011) Years Twenty-Five the First Union: Spain in the European once dramatized the need to “Europeanize” Spain. The results over the first twenty five years of EU membership have been truly impressive. When Spain became a member of the EC, some of the best and brightest of Spain’s govern- mental cadres and universities joined the expanded European institutions, taking on positions of responsibility. The most prominent chaired the European Court of Justice (Gil-Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias) and the Parliament (Enrique Barón, José- María Gil Robles, and Josep Borrell), holding key positions in the Commission, and filling the newly created position of High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (Javier Solana). Spain, in sum, “was not different”, contrary to what old-fashion tourist publicity for the country used to say. It was a European country like any other that was returning to its natural home after a long exile. Spain, in turn, received considerable benefits from EU membership through funds for regional investment policies, agriculture and rural develop- ment, and the modernisation of national infrastructure. From an index of 60 percent of the European average in 1986, today Spain’s income per head is in the range of 105 percent, with some regions surpassing 125 percent. From being a country that was a net receiver from the EU budget, Spain today is a net contributor. Reflecting this development, the present volume examines different di- mensions of the deepening relationship between Spain and the rest of Europe through membership of the EU (its history, and its impact on policy development on economic growth and on relations with third countries). Contributors Joaquín Roy y and María Lorca-Susino Joaquín Almunia Luis Moreno Enrique Barón Ramón Mullerat Cristina Blanco Sío-López Vicente Palacio Joaquín Roy and María Lorca-Susino Carmen González Enríquez Sonia Piedrafi ta (editors) Francesc Granell Charles Powell Haruko Hosoda Joaquín Roy (editors) Imtiaz Hussain Sebastián Royo Prefaces by Joaquín Almunia and Enrique Barón María Lorca-Susino José Ignacio Torreblanca Blanca Vilà Alfonso Camiñas-Muiña (Assistant Editor) Jean Monnet Chair, University of Miami Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence Spain in the European Union: The First Twenty-Five Years (1986-2011) Joaquín Roy and María Lorca-Susino (eds) Miami-Florida European Union Center/Jean Monnet Chair, 2011 Spain in the European Union: The First Twenty-Five Years (1986-2011) Joaquín Roy and María Lorca-Susino (eds) With the special editorial assistance of Alfonso Camiñas-Muiña Miami-Florida European Union Center/Jean Monnet Chair, 2011 Contributors Joaquin Almunia Ramón Mullerat Enrique Barón-Crespo Vicente Palacio Cristina Blanco Sío-López Sonia Piedrafita Carmen González-Enríquez Charles Powell Francesc Granell Joaquín Roy Haruko Hosoda Sebastián Royo Imtiaz Hussain José Ignacio Torreblanca María Lorca-Susino Blanca Vilà-Costa Luis Moreno The Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence A Partnership of the University of Miami and Florida International University and The Jean Monnet Chair of the University of Miami The Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence (M-FEUCE) is one of the 11 Centers of Excellence supported by the European Commission at universities through- out the United States, as part of a broader effort to promote contacts across the Atlantic. Thus, these EU Centers promote the study of the EU, its institutions and policies and EU/US relations through teaching programs, scholarly research and outreach activities in their local and regional communities. The Jean Monnet Chair of European Integration, awarded by the European Commis- sion’s Jean Monnet Action of the General Directorate of Education and Culture in 2001 to the University of Miami, has been exclusively dedicated to strengthen the teaching and research of the EU, with a strong specialization on its relations with Latin America and the Caribbean and comparative regional integration. Miami – Florida Jean Monnet Chair Staff European Union Center Joaquín Roy (Director) University of Miami Astrid Boening (AssociateDirector) 1000 Memorial Drive María Lorca (Associate Editor) 101 Ferré Building Maxime Larivé (Research Assistant) Coral Gables, FL 33124-2231 Dina Fernández (Research Assistant) Phone: 305-284-3266 Alfonso Camiñas-Muiña (Research Assistant) Fax: (305) 284 4406 Web: www.miami.edu/eucenter Florida International University Rebecca Friedman (Co-Director) Inter-American Jean Monnet Chair Editorial Board: Carlos Hakansson,Universidad de Piura, Perú Fernando Laiseca, ECSA Latinoamérica Finn Laursen, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada Michel Levi-Coral, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Quito, Ecuador Félix Peña,Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Buenos Aires, Argentina Lorena Ruano, CIDE, Mexico Eric Tremolada, Universidad del Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia International Jean Monnet Chair Editorial Advisors: Federiga Bindi, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Roberto Domínguez, Suffolk University, Boston Francesc Granell, University of Barcelona ISBN 978-1-4507-6860-3 Printed in the United States by Thomson-Shore, Inc. Copyright 2011.Jean Monnet Chair/University of Miami. All rights reserved. No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form without written consent of the publisher. Contents Introduction Spain’s Membership in the EU: Assessment of a Success Story Joaquin Almunia Vice-President of the European Commission………………………………1 Spain’s Contributions in the European Parliament Enrique Barón-Crespo………………………………………...................5 The Other Special Anniversary: The European Union Center Of Excellence and the Jean Monnet Chair (2001-2011) Joaquín Roy and María Lorca-Susino………………………………….11 I. Historical Review The Long Road to Europe: Spain and the European Community, 1957-1986 Charles Powell Fundación Transición Española……………………………………….21 Spain in the Process of European Integration: The Historical Evolution of the Discourse and Implementation of Spain’s Mediating Role between the European Union and Latin America Cristina Blanco Sío-López Centre Virtuel de la Conaissance sur l’Europe (CVCE) Luxembourg…45 Spain and Portugal’s Understanding of EU Membershipand their Support to the Integration Process and Enlargement Sonia Piedrafita Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, Madrid……………...61 II. Selected EU Common Policies How Spain Implements European Law Ramón Mullerat Fmr President of Council of the Bars and Law Societies of the EU…...87 The Legal Added Value of European Membership: Some Issues of Spain’s Case Blanca Vilà-Costa Autonomous University of Barcelona……………………………........101 Spain: The Making of Immigration Policies in the Southern Frontier of the EU, 1985-2010 Carmen González-Enríquez UNED and Real Instituto Elcano………………………………………117 Spain’s Membership in the EU and the European Welfare State Luís Moreno Spanish National Research Council………………………………….137 III. The Economy Lessons from Portugal and Spain in the EU after 25 Years: the Challenges of Economic Reforms Sebastián Royo Suffolk University, Boston…………………………………………….155
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