DOCSLIB.ORG

(Callistephus Chinensis L. Nees.) Phyllody Phytoplasma

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Callistephus Chinensis L. Nees.) Phyllody Phytoplasma Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(8): 3070-3076 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 08 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.355 Molecular Detection and Characterization of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees.) Phyllody Phytoplasma Mahalingappa Bandakkanavara1*, H.A. Prameela1, Santosh Mali2, Manjunath, S. Hurakadli1, S. Basavaraj1, Kedarnath1, 1 1 Raghavendra Achari and K.T. Rangaswamy 1Department of Plant Pathology, 2Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru-560065, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT China aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees.) is one of the important flower crop in India. It belongs to the family Asteraceae is native to China. Phyllody disease in China aster was first reported during 1986 from Bengaluru, India and known to be transmitted by Orosius K e yw or ds albicinctus. The disease was characterized by chlorosis, upright growth, small leaf, short internode, stunting, profuse vegetative growth and phyllody (transformation of floral Phytoplasma, organs into leaf-like structures). Molecular detection was carried out through PCR assay Phyllody, China by extracting the total DNA from phyllody infected aster leaf by using nested PCR aster, Molecular and phytoplasma specific universal primers R16F2n/R16FR2and results revealed that the detection amplification of phytoplasmal specific PCR product of 1.2 kb fragment corresponding to the 16S rDNA. A 16S rDNA sequence comparison of aster phyllody phytoplasma with the Article Info 16S rDNA gene sequences of other phytoplasmas obtained from NCBI database. The Acce pted: BLAST analysis revealed that aster phyllody phytoplasma had 99 per cent sequence 25 July 2019 similarity with Tomato big bud TBB1 (KX358564.1), Alfalfa phytoplasma (Sudan) AP2 Available Online: (KY449416.1), Pisumsativum phyllody (KX358571.1) phytoplasma. Furthermore, the 10 August 2019 phylogenetic tree constructed by using the software MEGA 6.06 showed that aster phyllody phytoplasma clustered with the Tomato big bud TBB1 (KX358564.1) phytoplasma. The characterization of the phytoplasma through phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA region showed that niger phyllody phytoplasma belong to 16S rII phytoplasmal group. Introduction aster occupied approximately 5000 ha and grown in few states like Maharastra, China aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees.) Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and belongs to the family Asteraceae is native to Andhra Pradesh (Anonymous, 2009). The China having excellent unparallel distinguish flowers have long vase life and used for attractive colours used for cut flower, potted various decorative purposes. In India, it is plants and garden decoration. In India china grown successfully during kharif, rabi as well 3070 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(8): 3070-3076 as summer seasons for year-round production leaf tissue and healthy leaf tissue by modified (Singh, 2006). China aster is also an Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide important commercial flower crop of Siberia, (CTAB) (Sunard et al., 1991) method and Russia, Japan, North America, Switzerland used for PCR amplification by using and Europe. In India, it is grown in an area of degenerated oligonucleotide universal primers 3500 ha with the productivity of 10-12 (Deng and Hiruki, 1991). The DNA tonnes/ha. The china aster area, production concentrations were measured with Nanodrop and productivity has however remained Spectrophotometer. virtually stagnant over recent decades as the crop suffers from many diseases like Fungal Polymerase chain reaction wilt, Collar rot, Grey mould, Rust, Leaf spot, Stem rot, Canker and bacterial wilt. Among The DNA obtained was subjected to PCR the major constraints, phyllody is a serious amplification using primer designed to disease in most China aster growing regions amplify 16S rDNA from the infected china (Singh, 2006). Recently, phyllody symptoms asterplants. PCR amplifications were in China aster plants have been frequently conducted using phytoplasma specific observed in several fields of the India. universal P1/P7 and nested PCR primer Phyllody disease on China aster was first R16F2n/R16FR2The mixture was subjected reported during 1986 from Bengaluru, India to initial denaturation at 95 ºC for 5 minutes and known to be transmitted by Orosius followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 95 ºC albicinctus (Rangaswamy et al., 1988). The for 1 minute, primer annealing at 55 ºC for 1 disease was characterized by chlorosis, minute, primer extension at 72 ºC for 2 upright growth, small leaf, short internode, minute and finally at 72 ºC for 10 min for stunting, profuse vegetative growth and final primer extension. After completion of phyllody flower (transformation of floral the reaction, the products were kept at 4 ºC organs into leaf-like structures). However prior to electrophorosis. little attempts have been made on the characterization of the phytoplasma. Analysis of PCR products by agarose gel Therefore, present work carried out to electrophoresis understand the molecular relationship of China aster phyllody phytoplasma with other Amplification was confirmed by agarose gel phytoplasmas diseases. electrophoresis. Materials and Methods Sequencing and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA Sources of infected china aster plants The products were sent to Chromous Biotech Samples were collected from naturally Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru for the sequencing by infected china aster plants showing typically Sanger’s primer walking method. Sequencing phyllody symptoms and healthy china aster was done in both directions using forward and plant. reverse primers. The sequences retrieved were subjected to BLAST analysis. DNA (total genomic) extraction Phylogenetic analysis The phytoplasma infected china aster plant samples were collected from field. Total The sequence homology obtained in BLAST nucleic acid was isolated from infected plant (www.ncbi.nih.gov /BLAST) and Neighbor 3071 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(8): 3070-3076 joining phylogenetic tree was generated using belongs and also to know their relationship at MEGA 6.06 software tool. molecular level, nested PCR was performed using phytoplasma specific universal primers Results and Discussion R16F2n/R16FR2. When the first round PCR products were reamplified in nested PCR The affected plants showed different types of assay using primersR16F2n/R16R2. A phyllody disease symptoms. The affected product of DNA fragment of 1.2 kb size was plant showed slight yellowing along the vein obtained in the diseased china aster samples followed by proliferation of short upright and a known phytoplasma positive sample branches. In advanced stages of infection (periwinkle phyllody) but not in healthy plant severe reduction in leaf size and profuse sample. This indicated the association of vegetative growth were observed. All the phytoplasmal agent with china aster phyllody flowers developed into vegetative structures disease (Plate 2). (phyllody). Occasionally partial phyllody was also noticed wherein, a few affected branches Characterization of china aster phyllody showed phyllody flower while the remaining phytoplasma branches produced normal flowers(Plate 1). The 16S rDNA sequence analysis of china Polymerase chain reaction was employed to aster phyllody phytoplasma establish association of phytoplasma using phytoplasma universal primers P1/P7 and A 16S rDNA sequence comparison of aster nested PCR primers R16F2n/R16R2 were phyllody phytoplasma with the 16S rDNA designed to amplify phytoplasmal 16S rDNA. gene sequences of other phytoplasmas The phytoplasmal DNA was not amplified obtained from NCBI database. The BLAST when standard PCR protocol was used as analysis revealed that aster phyllody suggested by the Lee et al., (1993) and the phytoplasma had 99 per cent sequence PCR protocol was slightly modified by similarity with Tomato big bud TBB1 altering the PCR conditions i.e. annealing (KX358564.1), Alfalfa phytoplasma (Sudan) temperature of 55 ºC for one minute was AP2(KY449416.1), Pisum sativum phyllody found suitable for amplifying aster phyllody (KX358571.1) phytoplasma (Table 1). phytoplasmal DNA as compared to 48 ºC of Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree standard PCR protocols suggested by various constructed by using the software MEGA earlier workers. 6.06 showed that aster phyllody phytoplasma clustered with the Tomato big bud TBB1 The total DNA extracted from the (KX358564.1) phytoplasma (Fig. 1). symptomatic and asymptomatic china aster plants were subjected to PCR amplification The disease was characterized by chlorosis, using the phytoplasma- specific universal upright growth, small leaf, short internode, primer pair P1/P7. The PCR products were stunting, profuse vegetative growth and subjected to the electrophorosis in a 1.0 per phyllody flower(transformation of floral cent agarose gel, stained with ethidium organs into leaf-like structures). Phyllody bromide and observed under UV disease on China aster was first reported transilluminator. during 1986 from Bengaluru, India and known to be transmitted by Orosius In order to identify the association of 16S albicinctus (Rangaswamy etal., 1988). rDNA groups to which these phytoplasmas 3072 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(8): 3070-3076 Table.1 Phylogenetic analysis of aster 16S rDNA gene with different phytoplasmal strains SI. Phytoplasma strain Accession Max. No. number identity(%)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diseases of Herbaceous Ornamental Plants
    122 Ageratum VI. DISEASES OF HERBACEOUS ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AGERATUM Yellows (Callistephus virus 1) caused mod. damage to flowers in Assiniboine Park, Winnipeg, Man, (W L. Gordon). ALTHAEA - Hollyhock Rust (Puccinia malvacearum). Heavy infections occurred at Fort Garry, Man. (W.L.G.). Several gardens at Dorval, Que. had tr. -25% rust (D. W. Creelman). It was sev, on specimens received from East Angus and Coaticook, and mod. in several gardens in St, Jean, Que. (R. Crete). Infections were mod- sev, in gardens in Charlottetown, P, E.I. (R.R. Hurst, J.E. Campbell). ANEMONE Rust (Tranzchelia pruni-spinosae) occurred on A. coronaria in a garden at Sidney, B.C. Nearby prune trees were heavily infected. (W. Newton), ANTIRRHINUM - Snapdragon Stem Rot (Botrytis cinerea). A tr, of stem rot was seen at Hamilton, Ont. and some wilting was evident, Botrytis was sporulating on the stem cankers and was isolated from diseased tissue (W.G.K.). Powdery Mildew (Oidium sp, was tr, on the lower leaves of a few plants at Hamilton, Ont. (W.G.K.). ARALIA Wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum), One infected plant was seen at Victoria, B.C. (W.R. Foster). ASTER Rust (Coleosporium asterum =C$solidaginis). Infection was sev, in a 1/4 acre planting at Bowmanville, Oz, (H.S, Thompson). BEGONIA Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe cfchoracearurn) was noted at Saskatoon, Sask. (T. C Vanterpool). Mildew infection varied from sl. - sev. on 25/150 tuberous begonias observed at Hamilton, Ont. (W.G.K.). Specimens were received from Charlesbourg, Que ~ (D. Leblond). Ring Spot (virus). Numerous chlorotic rings were observed on the foliage of a single potted tuberous begonia at Grantham, Ont, Juice extract from the leaves when rubbed on cucumber produced chlorotic rings on the true leaves, The virus has not been identified, Similar symptoms were seen on 2/150 plants in a commercial greenhouse at Hamilton, Ont.
    [Show full text]
  • The Leafhopper Vectors of Phytopathogenic Viruses (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) Taxonomy, Biology, and Virus Transmission
    /«' THE LEAFHOPPER VECTORS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC VIRUSES (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) TAXONOMY, BIOLOGY, AND VIRUS TRANSMISSION Technical Bulletin No. 1382 Agricultural Research Service UMTED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals gave valuable assistance in the preparation of this work, for which I am deeply grateful. I am especially indebted to Miss Julianne Rolfe for dissecting and preparing numerous specimens for study and for recording data from the literature on the subject matter. Sincere appreciation is expressed to James P. Kramer, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., for providing the bulk of material for study, for allowing access to type speci- mens, and for many helpful suggestions. I am also grateful to William J. Knight, British Museum (Natural History), London, for loan of valuable specimens, for comparing type material, and for giving much useful information regarding the taxonomy of many important species. I am also grateful to the following persons who allowed me to examine and study type specimens: René Beique, Laval Univer- sity, Ste. Foy, Quebec; George W. Byers, University of Kansas, Lawrence; Dwight M. DeLong and Paul H. Freytag, Ohio State University, Columbus; Jean L. LaiFoon, Iowa State University, Ames; and S. L. Tuxen, Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Co- penhagen, Denmark. To the following individuals who provided additional valuable material for study, I give my sincere thanks: E. W. Anthon, Tree Fruit Experiment Station, Wenatchee, Wash.; L. M. Black, Uni- versity of Illinois, Urbana; W. E. China, British Museum (Natu- ral History), London; L. N. Chiykowski, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa ; G. H. L. Dicker, East Mailing Research Sta- tion, Kent, England; J.
    [Show full text]
  • Astereae, Asteraceae) Using Molecular Phylogeny of ITS
    Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2015) 39: 808-824 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1410-12 Relationships and generic delimitation of Eurasian genera of the subtribe Asterinae (Astereae, Asteraceae) using molecular phylogeny of ITS 1, 2,3 4 Elena KOROLYUK *, Alexey MAKUNIN , Tatiana MATVEEVA 1 Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia 4 Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Received: 12.10.2014 Accepted/Published Online: 02.04.2015 Printed: 30.09.2015 Abstract: The subtribe Asterinae (Astereae, Asteraceae) includes highly variable, often polyploid species. Recent findings based on molecular methods led to revision of its volume. However, most of these studies lacked species from Eurasia, where a lot of previous taxonomic treatments of the subtribe exist. In this study we used molecular phylogenetics methods with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as a marker to resolve evolutionary relations between representatives of the subtribe Asterinae from Siberia, Kazakhstan, and the European part of Russia. Our reconstruction revealed that a clade including all Asterinae species is paraphyletic. Inside this clade, there are species with unresolved basal positions, for example Erigeron flaccidus and its relatives. Moreover, several well-supported groups exist: group of the genera Galatella, Crinitaria, Linosyris, and Tripolium; group of species of North American origin; and three related groups of Eurasian species: typical Eurasian asters, Heteropappus group (genera Heteropappus, Kalimeris), and Asterothamnus group (genera Asterothamnus, Rhinactinidia).
    [Show full text]
  • Threat Specific Contingency Plan: Pierce's Disease (Xylella Fastidiosa)
    INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE NURSERY & GARDEN INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Pierce’s disease (Xylella fastidiosa) Plant Health Australia September 2011 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts have been made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Level 1, 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au PHA & NGIA | Contingency Plan – Xylella fastidiosa 1 Purpose and background of this contingency plan ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Your Beautiful Flower Garden
    Chapter Three Your Beautiful Flower Garden Introduction Whether it’s one planter next to your door, or a show-stopping floral garden, flowers are a bonus of color and texture we can all appreciate. If you’re an experienced green thumb, or have read up on basic gardening in Chapter Two, you’ll know that, rather than insects and diseases, most plant problems are cultural—meaning that if you give plants what they need (proper soil, location and care), they’ll be healthy most of the time. Keep an eye on your garden. Noticing problems and identifying them early are essential steps toward a satisfying result. What follows are common cultural, disease, and insect problems, and their solutions. That’s a lot to cover. We’ll start with general concerns, then focus on specifics for annuals, tender perennials, biennials, and perennials. (Don’t worry if you see a plant in both the Perennial and Annual charts. Some, like verbena and geranium, can be perennial in warmer climates.) Later we’ll discuss hostas, roses, bulbs and peonies. Photo: Pixabay. Perennial, biennial, or annual? Perennials tend to come back In this chapter: over repeated years and expand each season. They may live three or four years, thirty or a hundred. Biennials need two years to Common Cultural (Abiotic) Problems complete their life cycle but because of re-seeding, some may of Annuals, Perennials, Bulbs, and seem to be perennial when they re-appear in the same spot for Groundcovers years. Annuals can, but rarely, make it through more than one IPM Solutions for Cultural (Abiotic) season depending on the climate, or come back from seed.
    [Show full text]
  • National Diagnostic Protocol for Pierce's Disease, Xylella Fastidiosa
    National Diagnostic Protocol for Pierce’s Disease, Xylella fastidiosa PEST STATUS Not present in Australia PROTOCOL NUMBER NDP 6 VERSION NUMBER V1.2 PROTOCOL STATUS Endorsed ISSUE DATE 18 February 2010 REVIEW DATE December 2012 (Under Review) ISSUED BY SPHDS This version of the National Diagnostic Protocol (NDP) for Xylella fastidiosa is current as at the date contained in the version control box on the front of this document. NDPs are updated every 3 years or before this time if required (i.e. when new techniques become available). The most current version of this document is available from the SPHDS website http://plantbiosecuritydiagnostics.net.au/resource-hub/priority-pest-diagnostic-resources/ Contents. NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOL FOR PIERCE’S DISEASE, 1 XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Host range 1 1.1.1 Primary host range 1 1.1.2 Secondary host range 2 1.2 Effect on hosts 2 1.3 Vectors 2 2 TAXONOMIC INFORMATION 2 3 DETECTION 4 3.1 Leaf symptoms 4 3.2 Cane, vine and fruit symptoms 7 3.3 Impact of climatic conditions and seasonality 10 3.4 Diagnostic flow chart 11 3.5 Sampling procedures critical for the detection methods and diagnostic procedures 12 3.5.1 Grapevine sample collection for detection of X. fastidiosa 12 3.5.2 Tissue Sampling for DNA Extractions and Bacterial Isolations 12 4 IDENTIFICATION 12 4.1 Morphological methods 12 4.2 Molecular methods 13 4.2.1 DNA extraction from grapevine 13 4.2.2 PCR detection using grapevine DNA extract 16 4.2.3 Examples of PCR for X.
    [Show full text]
  • Callistephus Chinensis1
    Fact Sheet FPS-94 October, 1999 Callistephus chinensis1 Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe2 Introduction China Aster blooms for about six weeks in late summer (Fig. 1). The flowers are red, pink, white, lavender, purple, and blue. Upright types may be used for edging or bedding but may have branches too short for cutting. Branching cultivars are taller and will be large plants if spaced at least one and one half feet apart. Most are 12 to 24 inches tall and are spaced 8 to 15 inches apart. They may be grown in full sun or light shade and in a fertile and well-drained soil. Mulching keeps these shallow rooted plants from drying out. Tall varieties must be given some support. High nitrogen fertilizers may promote disease development. General Information Scientific name: Callistephus chinensis Pronunciation: kal-LISS-steff-us chin-NEN-sis Common name(s): China Aster, Annual Aster Family: Compositae Plant type: herbaceous; annual USDA hardiness zones: all zones (Fig. 2) Figure 1. China Aster. Planting month for zone 7: Jun Planting month for zone 8: May Planting month for zone 9: Apr; Oct; Nov; Dec Description Planting month for zone 10 and 11: Feb; Mar; Oct; Nov; Dec Height: 1 to 3 feet Origin: not native to North America Spread: 1 to 2 feet Uses: container or above-ground planter; cut flowers Plant habit: upright Availablity: grown in small quantities by a small number of Plant density: open nurseries Growth rate: moderate Texture: medium 1.This document is Fact Sheet FPS-94, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • China Aster Production
    China Aster Production 955 Benton Ave., Winslow, ME 04901 • Phone: 1-877-564-6697 • Fax: 1-800-738-6314 Email: [email protected] • Web Site: Johnnyseeds.com CHINA ASTER (Callistephus chinensis) Also known as summer aster, China asters are a popular and beautiful cut flower. Plants typically grow 12-36” in height and produce a dozen or more blooms per plant, depending on the cultivar. China asters can be grown in the greenhouse or the field. It is possible to grow them year-round in a heated greenhouse or in moderate climates. This annual should not be confused with the perennial asters (September aster, New England aster, and New York aster). China aster is relatively easy to grow except for its susceptibility to aster yellows, which is a disease transmitted by leaf hoppers. SITE REQUIREMENTS Choose a sunny plot with fertile, well-drained soil having a pH of 5.5–7.5. CULTURE Transplanting is recommended. Sow plants 1/8” deep in flats indoors 6–8 weeks before danger of last frost. Keep the soil consistently moist during germination; water gently with a fine nozzle or mister. For best germination, maintain a consistent soil temperature of 70–72°F/21–22°C. Seeds should germinate in 10–14 days. Once germinated, the ideal temperature range is 70°F/21°C during the day and 60–62°F/16–17°C during the night. After the first true leaves appear, transplant into cell packs or 3–4” pots. Do not allow the plants to become root bound. Plants exposed to long days (14 hours of daylight or more) during the first 4–5 weeks of growth will produce flowers more quickly, and on longer stems, than those that are not exposed to long days.
    [Show full text]
  • Callistephus Chinensis (China Aster)
    Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 2008. Predicting Invasive Plants in Florida using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment. Invasive Plant Science and Management 1: 178-195. Callistephus chinensis (China aster) Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- 2 high) 2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) 2.04 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation n 0 2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural y range? 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range y 0 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n 0 3.03 Weed of agriculture n 0 3.04 Environmental weed n 0 3.05 Congeneric weed n 0 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs n 0 4.02 Allelopathic n 0 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals 4.05 Toxic to animals n 0 4.06 Host for recognised pests and pathogens y 1 4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans n 0 4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems n 0 4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle n 0 4.1 Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils) ? 4.11 Climbing or smothering growth habit n 0
    [Show full text]
  • Callistephus Chinensis L) Under Received: 16-05-2019 Allahabad Agro Climatic Condition Accepted: 18-06-2019
    The Pharma Innovation Journal 2019; 8(7): 609-613 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 Effect of micronutrients on growth, flower quality and TPI 2019; 8(7): 609-613 © 2019 TPI yield of China aster (Callistephus chinensis L) under www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 16-05-2019 Allahabad agro climatic condition Accepted: 18-06-2019 Ashita Joseph Ashita Joseph, VM Prasad, Vijay Bahadur, Samir E Topno and Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Deepanshu Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Abstract Sciences, Prayagraj, The present experiment was carried out during November, 2018 to February, 2019 in Departmental Uttar Pradesh, India Research Field of Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD), with ten treatments of Micronutrients, the treatments were replicated VM Prasad Department of Horticulture, thrice. The treatments were T0 (RDF (Control)), T1 (RDF + Boron 0.2%), T2 (RDF + Boron 0.4%), T3 Naini Agricultural Institute, (RDF + Boron 0.6%), T4 (RDF + Zinc 0.2%), T5 (RDF + Zinc 0.4%), T6 (RDF + Zinc 0.6%), T7 (RDF + Sam Higginbottom University of Iron 0.2%), T8 (RDF + Iron 0.4%) and T9 (RDF + Iron 0.6%). From the present investigation it is found Agriculture, Technology and that the treatment T5 (RDF + Zinc 0.4%) found best in terms of Growth, Yield and quality parameters of Sciences, Prayagraj, China Aster followed by treatment T4 (RDF + Zinc 0.2%). In terms of economics of different treatments, Uttar Pradesh, India maximum Gross Return, Net Return and Cost Benefit ratio was also found in T5 followed by treatment T4 where as minimum was recorded in treatment T0 (Control).
    [Show full text]
  • Some Aspects of the Transmission of the Virus of Aster Yellows
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1950 Some aspects of the transmission of the virus of aster yellows. Leonard H. Weinstein University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Weinstein, Leonard H., "Some aspects of the transmission of the virus of aster yellows." (1950). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 2856. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2856 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SOME ASPECTS OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE VIRUS OF ASTER YELLOWS \>y ' I i! I,/ I V 01 ' I!' - Leonard H. Weinstein (I 111 VI Kbl'O 01 ' " ''liV!,.11.11’'1" ■ \ Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the V‘ • ‘ i {> ! * 'TV'I Degree of Master of Seienoe University of Massachusetts ■ ■ Amherst 1950 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Dr. Theodore T. Kozlowski, Dr. Trank E. Shaw, and Professor Clark L. Thayer, members of the thesis committee, for their kind assistance and helpful suggestions while carrying out this re¬ search; to Dr. Walter M. Banfield, under whom this work was con¬ ducted, for his valuable aid and advice; to Dr. Linus H. Jones, for his patience and guidance throu^iout the work; to Dr. Charles P. Alexander, for the cooperation and kindness of the Department of Entomology; to Mr. Thomas E.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Garden History Plant Lists
    Southern Plant Lists Southern Garden History Society A Joint Project With The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation September 2000 1 INTRODUCTION Plants are the major component of any garden, and it is paramount to understanding the history of gardens and gardening to know the history of plants. For those interested in the garden history of the American south, the provenance of plants in our gardens is a continuing challenge. A number of years ago the Southern Garden History Society set out to create a ‘southern plant list’ featuring the dates of introduction of plants into horticulture in the South. This proved to be a daunting task, as the date of introduction of a plant into gardens along the eastern seaboard of the Middle Atlantic States was different than the date of introduction along the Gulf Coast, or the Southern Highlands. To complicate maters, a plant native to the Mississippi River valley might be brought in to a New Orleans gardens many years before it found its way into a Virginia garden. A more logical project seemed to be to assemble a broad array plant lists, with lists from each geographic region and across the spectrum of time. The project’s purpose is to bring together in one place a base of information, a data base, if you will, that will allow those interested in old gardens to determine the plants available and popular in the different regions at certain times. This manual is the fruition of a joint undertaking between the Southern Garden History Society and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. In choosing lists to be included, I have been rather ruthless in expecting that the lists be specific to a place and a time.
    [Show full text]