DOCSLIB.ORG

Medicinal Plant Biotechnology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Medicinal Plant Biotechnology Medicinal Plant Biotechnology Edited by Oliver Kayser and Wim J. Quax Medicinal Plant Biotechnology. From Basic Research to Industrial Applications Edited by Oliver Kayser and Wim J. Quax Copyright © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN 978-3-527-31443-0 1807–2007 Knowledge for Generations Each generation has its unique needs and aspirations. When Charles Wiley first opened his small printing shop in lower Manhattan in 1807, it was a generation of boundless potential searching for an identity. And we were there, helping to define a new American literary tradition. Over half a century later, in the midst of the Second Industrial Revolution, it was a generation focused on building the future. Once again, we were there, supplying the critical scientific, technical, and engineering knowledge that helped frame the world. Throughout the 20th Century, and into the new millennium, nations began to reach out beyond their own borders and a new international community was born. Wiley was there, ex- panding its operations around the world to enable a global exchange of ideas, opinions, and know-how. For 200 years, Wiley has been an integral part of each generation’s journey, enabling the flow of information and understanding necessary to meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Today, bold new technologies are changing the way we live and learn. Wiley will be there, providing you the must-have knowledge you need to imagine new worlds, new possibilities, and new oppor- tunities. Generations come and go, but you can always count on Wiley to provide you the knowledge you need, when and where you need it! William J. Pesce Peter Booth Wiley President and Chief Executive Officer Chairman of the Board Medicinal Plant Biotechnology From Basic Research to Industrial Applications Volume I Edited by Oliver Kayser and Wim J. Quax The Editors All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and Prof. Dr. Oliver Kayser publisher do not warrant the information con- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen tained in these books, including this book, to be Pharmaceutical Biology free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind Antonius Deusinglaan 1 that statements, data, illustrations, procedural 9713 AV Groningen details or other items may inadvertently be The Netherlands inaccurate. Prof. Dr. Wim J. Quax Library of Congress Card No.: applied for Rijksuniversiteit Groningen British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Pharmaceutical Biology A catalogue record for this book is available from Antonius Deusinglaan 1 the British Library. 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Cover © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, G. Schulz, Fußgönnheim Weinheim Cover illustration: All rights reserved (including those of translation V8 light metal engine block, into other languages). No part of this book may by Josef Schmid, NAGEL Maschinen- be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without Cover written permission from the publishers. This text describes the cover with its very Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this interesting details and includes the photo- book, even when not specifically marked as such, graphers name and maybe his address. are not to be considered unprotected by law. This text describes the cover with its very Composition Detzner Fotosatz, Speyer interesting details and includes the photo- Printing betz-druck GmbH, Darmstadt graphers name and maybe his address. Bookbinding Litges & Dopf Buchbinderei This text describes the cover with its very GmbH, Heppenheim interesting details and includes the photo- Cover Adam Design, Weinheim graphers name and maybe his address. Anniversary Logo Design Richard Pacifico Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany Printed on acid-free paper ISBN: 978-3-527-31443-0 573 Related Titles Ahmad, I. / Aqil, F. / Owais, M. (eds.) Modern Phytomedicine Turning Medicinal Plants into Drugs 2006. ISBN 3-527-31530-6 (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim) Fischer, R., Schillberg, S. (eds.) Molecular Farming Plant-made Pharmaceuticals and Technical Proteins 2004. ISBN 3-527-30786-9 Cullis, C. A. Plant Genomics and Proteomics 2004. ISBN 0-471-37314-1 Kayser, O., Müller, R. H. (eds.) Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Drug Discovery and Clinical Applications 2004. ISBN 3-527-30554-8 Buchanan, B., Gruissem, W., Jones, R. L. (eds.) Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants 2002. ISBN 0-943088-37-2 Dewick, P. M. Medicinal Natural Products A Biosynthetic Approach 2002. ISBN 0-471-49640-5 Medicinal Plant Biotechnology. From Basic Research to Industrial Applications Edited by Oliver Kayser and Wim J. Quax Copyright © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN 978-3-527-31443-0 V Contents Preface XVII Foreword XIX List of Contributors XXIII Color Plates XXIX Volume I Part 1 Linking Plants, Genes, and Biotechnology 1 1 The Engineering of Medicinal Plants: Prospects and Limitations of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology 3 Matthys K. Julsing, Wim J. Quax, and Oliver Kayser 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Genetic Transformation and Production of Transgenic Plants 5 1.3 Pathway Engineering and Combinatorial Biosynthesis 5 1.4 Bioprocessing 6 1.5 Plant Propagation 7 1.6 Bioanalytics and Metabolomics 7 1.7 Future Prospects 8 References 8 2 Metabolomics 9 Young Hae Choi, Hye Kyong Kim, and Robert Verpoorte 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Analytical Methods 11 2.2.1 Chromatography 11 2.2.1.1 Gas Chromatography (GC) 11 2.2.1.2 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 13 2.2.1.3 Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) 14 2.2.1.4 Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) 14 Medicinal Plant Biotechnology. From Basic Research to Industrial Applications Edited by Oliver Kayser and Wim J. Quax Copyright © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN 978-3-527-31443-0 VI Contents 2.2.2 Spectroscopy 14 2.2.2.1 Mass Spectrometry (MS) 14 2.2.2.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometry 16 2.2.3 Identification of Metabolites 18 2.2.4 Sample Treatment 18 2.3 Data Handling 21 2.4 The General Set-Up of a Metabolomics Project 25 2.5 Applications 26 2.6 Conclusions 26 References 27 3 HPLC-NMR Techniques for Plant Extract Analysis 29 Dan Stærk, Maja Lambert, and Jerzy W. Jaroszewski 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Hyphenation of Separation Techniques and Spectroscopic Methods 30 3.3 Direct HPLC-NMR Methods 32 3.3.1 Continuous-Flow HPLC-NMR 32 3.3.2 Stopped-Flow HPLC-NMR 33 3.3.3 Loop-Collection HPLC-NMR 36 3.4 Indirect HPLC-NMR Methods 36 3.4.1 HPLC-SPE-NMR 37 3.5 Cryogenically Cooled NMR Probes 41 3.6 Miniaturization 41 3.7 Conclusions 43 References 43 4 Plant-Associated Microorganisms (Endophytes) as a New Source of Bioactive Natural Products 49 Gary Strobel Abstract 49 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Why Are There Needs for New Medicines? 50 4.3 Natural Products in Medicine 51 4.4 Endophytic Microbes 52 4.5 Rationale for Plant Selection 53 4.6 Endophytes and Biodiversity 55 4.7 Endophytes and Natural Products 56 4.7.1 Isolation, Preservation and Storage of Endophytic Cultures for Product Isolation 57 4.7.2 Some Examples of Bioactive Natural Products from Endophytes 57 4.7.2.1 Endophytic Fungal Products as Antibiotics 57 4.7.2.2 Endophytic Bacterial Products as Antibiotics 61 4.7.2.3 Endophytic Streptomycetes as Antibiotic Producers 62 4.7.2.4 Volatile Antibiotics from Endophytes 63 Contents VII 4.7.2.5 Antiviral Compounds from Endophytes 64 4.7.2.6 Endophytic Fungal Products as Anticancer Agents 65 4.7.2.7 Endophytic Fungal Products as Antioxidants 67 4.7.2.8 Endophytic Fungal Products as Immunosuppressive Compounds 68 4.8 Surprising Results from Molecular Biology Studies on Pestalotiopsis microspora 68 4.9 Concluding Statements 69 Acknowledgments 70 References 70 5 DNA Profiling of Plants 73 Hilde Nybom and Kurt Weising 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 Methodology of Plant DNA Profiling 74 5.2.1 DNA Sequencing 75 5.2.2 Multilocus DNA Profiling 76 5.2.2.1 Hybridization-Based RFLP Fingerprinting 77 5.2.2.2 PCR with Arbitrary Primers 77 5.2.2.3 PCR with Microsatellite-Complementary Primers 77 5.2.2.4 AFLP Analysis 78 5.2.3 Locus-Specific Microsatellite DNA Markers 78 5.2.4 PCR-Based RFLP Analysis of Organellar and Nuclear Genomes 79 5.2.5 Other DNA Marker Methods 80 5.2.6 The Next Generation: SNPs and DNA Microarrays 80 5.3 Applications 81 5.3.1 Genotype Identification 81 5.3.1.1 Plant Species 81 5.3.1.2 Plant Cultivars and Accessions 83 5.3.1.3 In-Vitro-Propagated Plant Material 83 5.3.2 Genetic Diversity 84 5.3.2.1 Variation and Relatedness Among Cultivars and Accessions 84 5.3.2.2 Amount and Distribution of Variability in Wild-Growing Plants 85 5.3.2.3 Plant Systematics 86 5.3.3 Gene Tagging 87 5.4 Conclusions 88 References 89 6 Bioprospecting: The Search for Bioactive Lead Structures from Nature 97 Michael Wink Abstract 97 6.1 Introduction 97 6.2 The Function of Secondary Metabolites 102 6.3 Modes of Action 103 6.3.1 Biomembranes 106 VIII Contents 6.3.2 Proteins and Protein Conformation 107 6.3.3 DNA and RNA 112 6.4 The Utilization of Secondary Metabolites in Medicine 114 6.5 Conclusions 115 Key references 115 7 Biotechnological Approaches for the Production of some Promising Plant-Based Chemotherapeutics 117 Ashish Baldi, V.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 615.9Barref.Pdf
    INDEX Abortifacient, abortifacients bees, wasps, and ants ginkgo, 492 aconite, 737 epinephrine, 963 ginseng, 500 barbados nut, 829 blister beetles goldenseal blister beetles, 972 cantharidin, 974 berberine, 506 blue cohosh, 395 buckeye hawthorn, 512 camphor, 407, 408 ~-escin, 884 hypericum extract, 602-603 cantharides, 974 calamus inky cap and coprine toxicity cantharidin, 974 ~-asarone, 405 coprine, 295 colocynth, 443 camphor, 409-411 ethanol, 296 common oleander, 847, 850 cascara, 416-417 isoxazole-containing mushrooms dogbane, 849-850 catechols, 682 and pantherina syndrome, mistletoe, 794 castor bean 298-302 nutmeg, 67 ricin, 719, 721 jequirity bean and abrin, oduvan, 755 colchicine, 694-896, 698 730-731 pennyroyal, 563-565 clostridium perfringens, 115 jellyfish, 1088 pine thistle, 515 comfrey and other pyrrolizidine­ Jimsonweed and other belladonna rue, 579 containing plants alkaloids, 779, 781 slangkop, Burke's, red, Transvaal, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, 453 jin bu huan and 857 cyanogenic foods tetrahydropalmatine, 519 tansy, 614 amygdalin, 48 kaffir lily turpentine, 667 cyanogenic glycosides, 45 lycorine,711 yarrow, 624-625 prunasin, 48 kava, 528 yellow bird-of-paradise, 749 daffodils and other emetic bulbs Laetrile", 763 yellow oleander, 854 galanthamine, 704 lavender, 534 yew, 899 dogbane family and cardenolides licorice Abrin,729-731 common oleander, 849 glycyrrhetinic acid, 540 camphor yellow oleander, 855-856 limonene, 639 cinnamomin, 409 domoic acid, 214 rna huang ricin, 409, 723, 730 ephedra alkaloids, 547 ephedra alkaloids, 548 Absorption, xvii erythrosine, 29 ephedrine, 547, 549 aloe vera, 380 garlic mayapple amatoxin-containing mushrooms S-allyl cysteine, 473 podophyllotoxin, 789 amatoxin poisoning, 273-275, gastrointestinal viruses milk thistle 279 viral gastroenteritis, 205 silibinin, 555 aspartame, 24 ginger, 485 mistletoe, 793 Medical Toxicology ofNatural Substances, by Donald G.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Enhancement Products for Sale Online: Raising Awareness of the Psychoactive Effects of Yohimbine, Maca, Horny Goat Weed, and Ginkgo Biloba
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 841798, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/841798 Review Article Sexual Enhancement Products for Sale Online: Raising Awareness of the Psychoactive Effects of Yohimbine, Maca, Horny Goat Weed, and Ginkgo biloba Ornella Corazza,1 Giovanni Martinotti,2 Rita Santacroce,1,2 Eleonora Chillemi,2 Massimo Di Giannantonio,2 Fabrizio Schifano,1 and Selim Cellek3 1 School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK 2 DepartmentofNeuroscienceandImaging,University“G.d’Annunzio”,66100Chieti,Italy 3 Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Ornella Corazza; [email protected] Received 24 February 2014; Revised 23 May 2014; Accepted 26 May 2014; Published 15 June 2014 Academic Editor: Zsolt Demetrovics Copyright © 2014 Ornella Corazza et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. The use of unlicensed food and herbal supplements to enhance sexual functions is drastically increasing. This phenomenon, combined with the availability of these products over the Internet, represents a challenge from a clinical and a public health perspective. Methods. A comprehensive multilingual assessment of websites, drug fora, and other online resources was carried out between February and July 2013 with exploratory qualitative searches including 203 websites. Additional searches were conducted using the Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN). Once the active constitutes of the products were identified, a comprehensive literature search was carried out using PsycInfo and PubMed.
    [Show full text]
  • Analytical Reference Standards
    Cerilliant Quality ISO GUIDE 34 ISO/IEC 17025 ISO 90 01:2 00 8 GM P/ GL P Analytical Reference Standards 2 011 Analytical Reference Standards 20 811 PALOMA DRIVE, SUITE A, ROUND ROCK, TEXAS 78665, USA 11 PHONE 800/848-7837 | 512/238-9974 | FAX 800/654-1458 | 512/238-9129 | www.cerilliant.com company overview about cerilliant Cerilliant is an ISO Guide 34 and ISO 17025 accredited company dedicated to producing and providing high quality Certified Reference Standards and Certified Spiking SolutionsTM. We serve a diverse group of customers including private and public laboratories, research institutes, instrument manufacturers and pharmaceutical concerns – organizations that require materials of the highest quality, whether they’re conducing clinical or forensic testing, environmental analysis, pharmaceutical research, or developing new testing equipment. But we do more than just conduct science on their behalf. We make science smarter. Our team of experts includes numerous PhDs and advance-degreed specialists in science, manufacturing, and quality control, all of whom have a passion for the work they do, thrive in our collaborative atmosphere which values innovative thinking, and approach each day committed to delivering products and service second to none. At Cerilliant, we believe good chemistry is more than just a process in the lab. It’s also about creating partnerships that anticipate the needs of our clients and provide the catalyst for their success. to place an order or for customer service WEBSITE: www.cerilliant.com E-MAIL: [email protected] PHONE (8 A.M.–5 P.M. CT): 800/848-7837 | 512/238-9974 FAX: 800/654-1458 | 512/238-9129 ADDRESS: 811 PALOMA DRIVE, SUITE A ROUND ROCK, TEXAS 78665, USA © 2010 Cerilliant Corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tyler's Herbs of Choice: the Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals Category
    Tyler’s Herbs of Choice The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals Third Edition © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Tyler’s Herbs of Choice The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals Third Edition Dennis V.C. Awang Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-7890-2809-9 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher can- not assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Photocontrol of Endogenous Glycine Receptors in Vivo Gomila Et Al
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/744391; this version posted August 22, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Photocontrol of endogenous glycine receptors in vivo Gomila et al. Photocontrol of endogenous glycine receptors in vivo Alexandre M.J. Gomila1, Karin Rustler2, Galyna Maleeva3, Alba Nin-Hill4, Daniel Wutz2, Antoni Bautista-Barrufet1, Xavier Rovira1,+,Miquel Bosch1,&, Elvira Mukhametova3,5, Marat Mukhamedyarov6, Frank Peiretti7, Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto8,9, Carme Rovira4,10,*, Burkhard König2,*, Piotr Bregestovski3,5,*, Pau Gorostiza1,10,11,* 1Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028 Spain 2University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Regensburg 93053 Germany 3Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille 13005 France 4University of Barcelona, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry (IQTCUB), Barcelona 08028 Spain 5Kazan Federal University, Open Lab of Motor Neurorehabilitation, Kazan, Russia 6Institute of Neurosciences, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia 7Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France 8Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Computational Biomedicine, ForschungszentrumJülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany 9Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany 10Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08003 Spain 11CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28001 Spain 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/744391; this version posted August 22, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • A 1A9, A431 and A549 Cell Lines, 3478 12Α,13Α-Aziridinyl Epothilone
    Index A Acanthoscelides obtectus, 4091 1A9, A431 and A549 cell lines, 3478 Acanthostrongylophora, 1293 12a,13a-Aziridinyl epothilone derivatives, 990 Acari, 4070, 4083 Aaptos ciliata, 1292 Acaricides, 4070, 4076, 4083 AATs. See Anthocyanin acyltransferases Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), 1017, (AATs) 2017, 2021–2023, 2032, 2037, 2111 Ab (1-42), 2287 p-Acceptors, 692 ABA biosynthesis, 1736 Accretion, 2405 Ab aggregation, 2286 Accumulation, 2321 Abdominal troubles, 3477 Acetaldehyde (ATL), 2902 Aberrant behavior, 1375 Acetaldehyde acid, 1783 Aberrant estrous cycles, 2421 Acetate, 50, 59 Abies alba, 2980 Acetate-mevalonate (Ac-MEV), 2943 Abietadiene synthase, 2725 Acetate pathway, 2314 Abiotic and biotic elicitors, 2783 Acetic acid (ACE), 851, 1608, 2884 Abiotic factor, 1697 Acetogenic bacteria, 2443 Abiotic stresses, 2930 Acetone, 3371 Ab neuropathology, 2285 Acetonitrile, 691, 1170, 1175 Ab oligomerization, 2285 3-Acetylaconitine, 1508 Ab oligomers, 2283 Acetyl-ACP, 963 Ab peptides, 1308, 2285 Acetyl-and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors, Ab polymerization, 2287 3488 Abrin, 296 Acetylcholine (ACh), 1241, 1306, 1333, 1526, Abscisic acid (ABA), 2860, 3591 1527, 1529, 1530, 3710 Absolute configuration, 930, 3320 Acetylcholine esterase, 51, 52 Absolute configuration of monosaccharides, Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor activity, 2906 3319 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 41, 1246, 1308, Absorbance (A), 3334, 3380 1334, 1527, 1529–1533, 1535, 4097 Absorbance spectrum, 3929, 3933, 3934 Acetyl-CoA, 61, 584 Absorption, 1230, 2321, 2470–2476, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), 1658, 1825 2478–2481, 3134, 3377, 3616, 4024 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3127, 3145 coefficient, 3380 15-Acetyl deoxynivalenol (15ADON), and metabolism, 1428 3127, 3145 wavelength, 4028 Acetylerucifoline, 1061 Abusive correlations, 2410 Acetylgaertneroside, 3054 Acacetin, 1830 60-O-Acetylgeniposide, 3058 Acacia, 865 8-O-Acetylharpagide, 3055 a2C adrenergic, 4124 Acetylintermedine, 1061 Acanthaceae, 801 Acetyllycopsamine, 1061 K.G.
    [Show full text]
  • Searchable Word Index for the 11Th Edition
    Index 2319 Index A Acnisal 1921 Acomplia 1891 A2 234 aconite 34 AA-3 1014 aconitine 34 AAtack 2096 acrivastine 36 AAtrex 183 acrodynia 1297, 2086 abacavir 1 acrolein 37, 567 abamectin 2, 1135 acrylamide 38 Abba 2 acrylonitrile 40 AB-CHMINACA 2008 actein 619 ABDF 284 Actidex 631 Abelcet 127 Actifed 2193 Abilify 159 actinomycin D 41 abiraterone acetate 3 Actiq 883 Abitat 159 Actimax 1471 abobotulinumtoxinA 268 Actol 1527 abortifacients 344, 1436, 1449, 1648 Actonel 1892 AB-PINACA 2008 Actos 1733 Abraxane 1617 Actril 1108 abrin 4 Acular 1148 absinthe 2097 Acupan 1503 Abstral 883 Acuphase 2303 acamprosate 5 Acuvel 180 Acapodene 2143 acyclovir 42, 2214 acarbose 6 Adalat 1525 acaricides 111, 430, 2061 adalimumab 44 Acarin 663 Adalin 370 Accolate 2277 Adapin 745 Accupril 1853 Adartrel 1904 Accuprin 1853 Adasept 2175 Accuretic 1853 ADB-FUBINACA 2008 Accutane 1127 ADB-PINACA 2008 Accutrim 1707 Adcirca 2017 Acebron 9 Adco-Linctopent 280, 1580 acebutolol 7 Adderall 124 acecainide 1787 Addyi 898 aceclofenac 8 Adecut 612 Acecor 7 adefovir dipivoxil 45 ACE inhibitors 213, 350, 612, 952, 1205, 1223, 1460, 1669, ademine 2162 1853, 1865, 2035, 2151, 2291 Adempas 1892 acenocoumarol 9 Adenocard 46 Aceon 1669 adenosine 46, 666 acephate 11 ADHD drugs (see attention deficit disorder drugs) acepromazine 12 Adiazine 1989 Acetadote 24 Adion 137 acetaldehyde 13, 338, 819, 825, 1309, 1543, 1628 Adipex 1700 acetamide 698 Adizem 685 acetaminophen 15, 142, 1676, 1679 adrafinil 47, 1459 acetamiprid 18 adrenaline 789 acetanilide 142 Adriacin 747 acetazolamide 19 Adriamycin
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba (Egb 761) on Epileptic Activity in Rabbits
    Molecules 2008, 13, 2509-2520; DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102509 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.org/molecules Article The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba (EGb 761) on Epileptic Activity in Rabbits Vesna Ivetic 1,*, Mira Popovic 2, Nada Naumovic 1, Mirjana Radenkovic 3 and Vesna Vasic 1 1 Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; E-mails: [email protected] (N. N.), [email protected] (V. V.) 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, E-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Serbia; E-mail: [email protected] (M. R.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]. Received: 12 September 2008; in revised form: 8 October 2008 / Accepted: 9 October 2008 / Published: 16 October 2008 Abstract: Different animal models are used to evaluate the process of epileptogenesis. In this investigation the kindling model of epilepsy was used. The epileptic focus was induced in Chinchilla rabbits by stimulation of the hippocampus with electric stimuli. We presumed that the extracts of Ginkgo biloba affect the formation of kindling epilepsy. Bioelectric activity of the brain was registered throughout the development of kindling with and without standardized extracts from dried ginkgo leaves (EGb 761). For each animal the following has been determined: the values of the minimum current strength necessary for the origination of threshold after-discharge (AD) – discharges appearing after the cessation of stimulation; duration of the threshold AD; number of stimulations necessary for the origination of full kindling; time latency for the development of full kindling; number of spontaneous epileptogenic discharges manifested in EEG two days following the formation of full kindling during 60-minute registration.
    [Show full text]
  • Chem. Pharm. Bull. 52(1) 1ﾑ26 (2004)
    January 2004 Chem. Pharm. Bull. 52(1) 1—26 (2004) 1 Review Recent Developments in the Maytansinoid Antitumor Agents a a ,b c John M. CASSADY, Kenneth K. CHAN, Heinz G. FLOSS,* and Eckhard LEISTNER a College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University; 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A.: b Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195–1700, U.S.A.: and c Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Rheinische Wilhelms-Universität; Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany. Received August 29, 2003 Maytansine and its congeners have been isolated from higher plants, mosses and from an Actinomycete, Actinosynnema pretiosum. Many of these compounds are antitumor agents of extraordinary potency, yet phase II clinical trials with maytansine proved disappointing. The chemistry and biology of maytansinoids has been re- viewed repeatedly in the late 1970s and early 1980s; the present review covers new developments in this field dur- ing the last two decades. These include the use of maytansinoids as “warheads” in tumor-specific antibodies, pre- liminary metabolism studies, investigations of their biosynthesis at the biochemical and genetic level, and ecologi- cal issues related to the occurrence of such typical microbial metabolites in higher plants. Key words maytansine; ansamitocin; Actinosynnema pretiosum; antitumor activity; biosynthesis; tumor-specific antibody 1. Introduction by 19-member ansamacrolide structures attached to a chlori- The report by Kupchan and coworkers in 19721) on the nated benzene ring chromophore. bioassay-guided isolation of the potent cytotoxic agent, may- Kupchan and co-workers isolated the unique parent com- tansine (1), from the Ethiopian shrub, Maytenus serrata, pound maytansine (1) in 1972.1) Its structure and stereochem- raised high hopes for its eventual use as a chemotherapeutic istry were determined based on an X-ray crystallographic agent for the treatment of cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • Wyeth Research
    UNC Wilmington Work Phone: 910-962-2397 MARBIONC / Center for Marine Science Work E-mail: [email protected] 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane Cellular Phone: 843-319-9200 Wilmington, NC 28409 Home E-mail: [email protected] R. Thomas Williamson Career Description: Accomplished Ph.D. level scientist with 19 years of pharmaceutical industry experience in small molecule structure elucidation, drug discovery, drug development, and project management. Skilled in the effective combination of strategic planning, leadership, organization, and technical knowledge required to solve complex problems and drive projects forward. Proven track record for conducting world class research and education in support of basic science, pharmaceutical discovery, and process development goals. Extensive experience in a broad range of organic chemistry, natural products research, spectroscopy, and chromatography techniques provides a unique and well- rounded skill set for this accomplished scientist. Education: 2017-2018 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Executive Enterprise Leadership Program, Corporate Leadership Certification 1996-2000 Oregon State University; Corvallis, OR Ph.D. Medicinal Chemistry 1994-1996 University of North Carolina; Wilmington, NC M.S. Organic Chemistry 1990-1994 University of North Carolina; Wilmington, NC B.A. Chemistry (Focus in Analytical Chemistry) Experience: Oct 2018 – Present UNC Wilmington, Wilmington, NC Yousry and Linda Sayed Distinguished Professor of Chemistry & Biochemistry - Working with the UNCW Chemistry & Biochemistry faculty to develop a new, robust Ph.D. program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. - Developing new courses to support the Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences programs at UNCW. - Working in partnership with Wendy K. Strangman to develop a robust research program focused on natural products drug discovery and method development for molecular structural characterization.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Marginal Pyridoxine Deficiency and High Protein Intakes on Vitamin B6 Status and Enzymes in Intermediary Metabolism in Rats
    The Effects of Marginal Pyridoxine Deficiency and High Protein Intakes on Vitamin B6 Status and Enzymes in Intermediary Metabolism in Rats By Sara Raposo-Blouw R.D. This thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science Department of Human Nutritional Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3L 0T3 © Sara Raposo 2015 ! Abstract: Pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6 (B6), is a co-factor for enzymes in macronutrient metabolism. Increasing protein intake may affect B6 by increasing PLP-dependent enzymes in amino acid metabolism, which may be more pronounced during moderate B6 deficiency. Decreased B6 status decreases PLP- dependent enzyme activity possibly altering macronutrient metabolism. We examined changing dietary carbohydrate: protein ratios in rats consuming recommended vs. moderately deficient intakes of pyridoxine (PN)-HCl, on plasma markers of B6 status and enzymes in intermediary metabolism. Marginal B6 deficiency decreased all plasma B6 vitamers except for pyridoxic acid. Protein intake (40% energy) significantly reduced plasma PN and tended to decrease plasma pyridoxal with no significant alterations in plasma homocysteine or cysteine. Hepatic cystathionine-γ-lyase, glycogen phosphorylase, plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferase significantly decreased with marginal B6 deficiency and cystathionine-γ-lyase decreased with increasing protein intake. Marginal B6 deficiency significantly increased hepatic glycogen with no changes in plasma haptoglobin. ! i! Acknowledgments: I would like to acknowledge my advisor Dr. Jim House for being a great role model and mentor through my experience in undergrad and graduate studies. His patience and sense of humor have allowed me to learn from my valuable mistakes made along this journey.
    [Show full text]
  • Lab Analysis of Ingredients
    Output for D.T1.2.2 LAB ANALYSIS OF INGREDIENT Evaluation of the potential use of floral waters Author ENVIRONMENT PARK Summary ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM THUJONIFERA ........................................................... 3 ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM ...................................................................................... 3 ARTEMISIA VULGARIS ............................................................................................ 4 CENTAUREA CYANUS ............................................................................................. 4 JUNIPERUS OXYCEDRUS ........................................................................................ 5 DAUCUS CAROTA SSP. MAXIMUS ........................................................................ 5 CÈDRUS ATLANTICA ............................................................................................... 6 CUPRESSUS SEMPERVIRENS ................................................................................. 6 JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS ........................................................................................... 6 Helichrysum italicum .................................................................................................... 7 Hyssopus officinalis ...................................................................................................... 7 Lavandula angustifolia .................................................................................................. 8 Lavandula angustifolia cl. Mailette ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]