(MCH) Into the Median Raphe Nucleus Promotes REM Sleep in Rats

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(MCH) Into the Median Raphe Nucleus Promotes REM Sleep in Rats 1 ORIGINALMicroinjection of ARTICLESmelanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) into the median raphe nucleus promotes REM sleep in rats Microinjection of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) into the median raphe nucleus promotes REM sleep in rats Claudia Pascovich l ABSTRACT Sofia Niño 1 Alejandra Mondino1 Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is a sleep-promoting neuromodulator synthesized by Ximena Lopez-Hill 2 neurons located in the postero-lateral hypothalamus and incerto-hypothalamic area. MCHergic Jessika Urbanavicius 2 neurons have widespread projections including the serotonergic dorsal (DR) and median (MnR) Jaime Monti3 raphe nuclei, both involved in the control of wakefulness and sleep. In the present study, we Patricia Lagos1 explored in rats the presence of the MCH receptor type 1 (MCHR-1) in serotonergic neurons of Pablo Torterolo1* the MnR by double immunofluorescence. Additionally, we analyzed the effect on sleep of MCH microinjections into the MnR. We found that MCHR-1 protein was present in MnR serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons. In this respect, the receptor was localized in the primary cilia of 1 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la these neurons. Compared with saline, microinjections of MCH into the MnR induced a dose- República, Fisiología, Montevideo - Uruguay. related increase in REM sleep time, which was related to a rise in the number of REM sleep 2 Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente episodes, associated with a reduction in the time spent in W. No significant changes were observed Estable, Neurofarmacología Experimental, in non-REM (NREM) sleep time. Our data strongly suggest that MCH projections towards the Montevideo - Uruguay. MnR, acting through the MCHR-1 located in the primary cilia, promote REM sleep. 3 Hospital de Clínicas, Farmacología y Terapéutica, Montevideo - Uruguay. Keywords: Serotonin; Hypothalamus; Sleep, REM; Peptide; Paradoxical Sleep; Slow Wave Sleep. * Corresponding author: Pablo Torterolo E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Received: , July 15, 2020; Accepted: , October 30, 2020. DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200075 Sleep Sci. 2020; Ahead of Print Pascovich C, et al. 2 INTRODUCTION Reagents and antibodies The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a The reagents to prepare the solutions were obtained neuropeptide synthesized by neurons whose cell bodies are from Sigma-Aldrich (Eugene, OR, USA). Biotinylated secondary located in the postero-lateral hypothalamus and incerto- antibodies, fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies and hypothalamic area; these neurons project to various regions of normal donkey serum (NDS) were obtained from Jackson 1-5 the central nervous system (CNS) . MCH exerts its biological ImmunoResearch (West Grove, PA, USA). Streptavidin function through two receptors, but only the MCH receptor type conjugated with fluorophores were obtained from Molecular 6 1 (MCHR-1) is functional in rodents . Probes- ThermoFischer Scientific (Eugene, OR, USA). MCHergic neurons are involved in physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, mood regulation and sleep7-10. A high Immunohistochemical procedures density of MCHergic fibers and receptors has been demonstrated The perfusion of three animals was performed during to be present in specific regions of the CNS, such as the dorsal the light phase of the light/dark cycle. The animals were (DR) and median (MnR) raphe nuclei, which are involved in the anaesthetized with urethane (1.5g/kg) and perfused with 0.9% 1,2,4,5,11-14 generation of wakefulness (W) and sleep . NaCl followed by a 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) solution. The The serotonergic neurons of the mesopontine raphe brains were immediately dissected out and fixed by immersion 12,15,16 nuclei play an important role in the control of REM sleep . in 4% PFA overnight. Thereafter, they were cryoprotected in Previous studies have shown that microinjections of MCH 30% sucrose solution in 0.1M PB for 48h and frozen. Coronal into the DR produce a significant increase in REM sleep and sections (30μm) were obtained by a cryostat (Leica CM 1900, 17 a moderate increment in slow wave sleep (SWS) . Moreover, Leica Microsystems, Nussloch, Germany). Sections containing microinjections of MCH into the DR promote a depressive- the MnR were between the levels AP -7.2-8.28mm (from 9 like behavior . These effects were probably related to the fact Bregma) according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (2005)20. that MCH decreases the firing rate of putative DR serotonergic The sections were collected and stored in an anti-freeze solution 11,18 neurons and the synaptic release of serotonin . at -20 °C until immunostaining procedures were performed. Recent reports in rodents have described that the MCHR- Single and double immunofluorescence procedures were 14,19 1 is localized in neuronal primary cilia . In this regards, Niño- performed to detect MCHR-1 protein (goat anti-MCHR-1, 19 Rivero et al. (2019) have shown that 4% of serotonergic and 12% sc-5534, Santa Cruz Biotechnologies; or rabbit anti-MCHR1, of GABAergic DR neurons express the MCHR-1 in their primary 702618, ThermoFisher Scientific, Il, USA; 1:1000) and serotonin cilia. With respect to the MnR, by means of intracerebroventricular (goat anti-serotonin, 20079, ImmunoStar, WI, USA; 1:500). (i.c.v.) microinjections of MCH conjugated with the fluorophore Negative controls in all procedures consisted of omission of the rhodamine (R-MCH), we demonstrated that serotonergic and primary antibodies. The identification of MCHR-1 in primary GABAergic neurons of the MnR internalized R-MCH both in rats cilia and MCHR-1 in serotonergic neurons were described in and in cats, suggesting that such neurons were MCH-receptive and Niño-Rivero et al. (2019)19. probably express functional MCHR-113. In addition, we also found that i.c.v. and juxtacellular administration of MCH decreases the Histological data analyses firing rate of presumed serotonergic MnR neurons. Hence, the We examined six coronal sections per rat assayed by aims of the present study were: 1. to demonstrate the presence double immunofluorescence against MCHR-1 and serotonin of MCHR-1 in MnR neurons, and to confirm if the receptor is obtained from three rats. In each coronal section, five 20x located in their primary cilia; 2. to determine whether the receptor is microphotographs were taken along the dorso-ventral axis of the present in serotonergic neurons; 3. to find out if, as in the DR, MCH serotonergic (central) region of the MnR, with a 20x objective microinjections into the MnR promote sleep. lens on a Moticam Pro 282B camera (Motic, Hong Kong, China), coupled to an Eclipse 50i epifluorescence microscope MATERIAL AND METHODS (Nikon, Tokio, Japan). Photoshop and Image J softwares were Animals used to quantify the number of serotonergic neurons in each microphotograph, as well as the number of MCHR-1 positive Nine male Wistar rats (250-310g) were used in this study. signals in structures recognized as primary cilia in our previous All the experimental procedures were conducted in accordance study19. The number of counted cells were averaged per animal; th with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (8 thereafter, a grand average was performed for all the animals. edition, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2010) and the The values are presented as mean±S.E.M. (standard error of national law on animal experimentation (Law N° 18.611). The the mean). experimental protocols were approved by the School of Medicine Bioethics Committee (Protocols Nº 070153-00515-13 and Nº Surgical procedures for sleep recordings 070153- 000841-18). Adequate measures were taken to minimize Six rats were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine- pain, discomfort or stress of the animals, and all efforts were made xylazine-acepromazine (90mg/kg, 5mg/kg and 2mg/kg, i.p., to use the minimal number of animals necessary to produce respectively), positioned in a stereotaxic frame (David Kopf reliable scientific data. Sleep Sci. 2020; Ahead of Print 3 Microinjection of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) into the median raphe nucleus promotes REM sleep in rats Instruments, USA) and prepared for standard polysomnography. epochs; the predominant activity of each epoch was assigned Following scalp incision, skull landmarks were visualized and to the following categories based in standard criteria: W, light screw electrodes (1mm diameter) were implanted in the skull for sleep (LS), SWS, REM sleep and non- REM (NREM) sleep recording the frontal, parietal and occipital electroencephalogram (LS+SWS). Latencies to SWS (from the beginning of the (EEG); a referential electrode was implanted in the cerebellum. recording to the first of two consecutive epochs of SWS) and A bipolar electrode was inserted in the neck muscles to monitor REM sleep (from the beginning of the recording to REM sleep the electromyogram (EMG). All the electrodes were soldered to onset), as well as the number and mean duration of W and sleep a connector. In addition, a guide cannula (gauge 26) was inserted episodes were also determined. into the MnR (AP -7.8, L 2.6 and H 6.7mm from Bregma)20. All values are presented as mean±S.E.M. (standard Guide cannulas were lowered at an angle of 20º to avoid the error of the mean). The statistical significance of the difference sagittal vein and were placed 2mm above the MnR to minimize between controls vs. MCH effects was evaluated using one way cellular damage at the injection site. The connector and cannula analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett post hoc test (one- were cemented to the skull with dental acrylic. At the end of tailed analysis). The criterion used to discard the null hypothesis the surgical procedures, an analgesic (Ketoprofen, 1mg/kg, was p<0.05. subcutaneously) was administered. The animals were treated postoperatively for 24hs with antibiotics RESULTS (Cefradine, 50mg/kg i.m.). A topical antibiotic cream (Neomycin) was Figure 1A shows a topographic view of the location of applied to the skin margins surrounding the implant. the serotonergic neurons within the MnR.
Recommended publications
  • Context-Dependent Modulation of Auditory Processing by Serotonin
    Hearing Research 279 (2011) 74e84 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Hearing Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/heares Context-dependent modulation of auditory processing by serotonin L.M. Hurley a,*, I.C. Hall b a Indiana University, Jordan Hall/Biology, 1001 E. Third St, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA b Columbia University, 901 Fairchild Center, M.C. 2430, New York, NY 10027, USA article info abstract Article history: Context-dependent plasticity in auditory processing is achieved in part by physiological mechanisms that Received 3 October 2010 link behavioral state to neural responses to sound. The neuromodulator serotonin has many character- Received in revised form istics suitable for such a role. Serotonergic neurons are extrinsic to the auditory system but send 13 December 2010 projections to most auditory regions. These projections release serotonin during particular behavioral Accepted 20 December 2010 contexts. Heightened levels of behavioral arousal and specific extrinsic events, including stressful or Available online 25 December 2010 social events, increase serotonin availability in the auditory system. Although the release of serotonin is likely to be relatively diffuse, highly specific effects of serotonin on auditory neural circuitry are achieved through the localization of serotonergic projections, and through a large array of receptor types that are expressed by specific subsets of auditory neurons. Through this array, serotonin enacts plasticity in auditory processing in multiple ways. Serotonin changes the responses of auditory neurons to input through the alteration of intrinsic and synaptic properties, and alters both short- and long-term forms of plasticity. The infrastructure of the serotonergic system itself is also plastic, responding to age and cochlear trauma.
    [Show full text]
  • Sclocco Brainstim2019.Pdf
    Brain Stimulation xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Brain Stimulation journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/brain-stimulation The influence of respiration on brainstem and cardiovagal response to auricular vagus nerve stimulation: A multimodal ultrahigh-field (7T) fMRI study * Roberta Sclocco a, b, , Ronald G. Garcia a, c, Norman W. Kettner b, Kylie Isenburg a, Harrison P. Fisher a, Catherine S. Hubbard a, Ilknur Ay a, Jonathan R. Polimeni a, Jill Goldstein a, c, d, Nikos Makris a, c, Nicola Toschi a, e, Riccardo Barbieri f, g, Vitaly Napadow a, b a Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA b Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, USA c Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA e Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy f Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy g Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA article info abstract Article history: Background: Brainstem-focused mechanisms supporting transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) effects Received 12 September 2018 are not well understood, particularly in humans. We employed ultrahigh field (7T) fMRI and evaluated Received in revised form the influence of respiratory phase for optimal targeting, applying our respiratory-gated auricular vagal 2 January 2019 afferent nerve stimulation (RAVANS) technique. Accepted 6 February 2019 Hypothesis: We proposed that targeting of nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and cardiovagal modulation in Available online xxx response to taVNS stimuli would be enhanced when stimulation is delivered during a more receptive state, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Brain Structure and Function Related to Headache
    Review Cephalalgia 0(0) 1–26 ! International Headache Society 2018 Brain structure and function related Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav to headache: Brainstem structure and DOI: 10.1177/0333102418784698 function in headache journals.sagepub.com/home/cep Marta Vila-Pueyo1 , Jan Hoffmann2 , Marcela Romero-Reyes3 and Simon Akerman3 Abstract Objective: To review and discuss the literature relevant to the role of brainstem structure and function in headache. Background: Primary headache disorders, such as migraine and cluster headache, are considered disorders of the brain. As well as head-related pain, these headache disorders are also associated with other neurological symptoms, such as those related to sensory, homeostatic, autonomic, cognitive and affective processing that can all occur before, during or even after headache has ceased. Many imaging studies demonstrate activation in brainstem areas that appear specifically associated with headache disorders, especially migraine, which may be related to the mechanisms of many of these symptoms. This is further supported by preclinical studies, which demonstrate that modulation of specific brainstem nuclei alters sensory processing relevant to these symptoms, including headache, cranial autonomic responses and homeostatic mechanisms. Review focus: This review will specifically focus on the role of brainstem structures relevant to primary headaches, including medullary, pontine, and midbrain, and describe their functional role and how they relate to mechanisms
    [Show full text]
  • Reidun Ursin Changing Concepts on the Role of Serotonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Waking
    Reidun Ursin Changing concepts on the role of serotonin in the regulation of sleep and waking The story of serotonin and sleep has been developing for more than 50 years, from the discovery in the 1950s that it had a role in brain function and in EEG synchronization. In parallel, the areas of sleep research and neurochemistry have seen enormous developments. The concept of serotonin as a sleep neurotransmitter was based on the effects of lesions of the brainstem raphe nuclei and the effects of serotonin depleting drugs in cats. The description of the firing pattern of the dorsal raphe nuclei changed this concept, initially to the entirely opposite view of serotonin as a waking transmitter. More recently, there has emerged a more complex view on the role of serotonin as a modulator of both waking and sleep. The effects of serotonin on sleep and waking may depend on which neurons are firing, their projection site, which postsynaptic receptors are present at this site, and, not the least, on the functional state of the system and the organism at a particular moment. Christopher A. Lowry, Andrew K. Evans, Paul J. Gasser, Matthew W. Hale, Daniel R. Staub and Anantha Shekhar Topographic organization and chemoarchitecture of the dorsal raphe nucleus and the median raphe nucleus The role of serotonergic systems in regulation of behavioral arousal and sleep-wake cycles is complex and may depend on both the receptor subtype and brain region involved. Increasing evidence points toward the existence of multiple topographically organized subpopulations of serotonergic neurons that receive unique afferent connections, give rise to unique patterns of projections to forebrain systems, and have unique functional properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of VGLUT3 in Highly Collateralized Axons from the Rat Dorsal Raphe Nucleus As Revealed by Single-Neuron Reconstructions
    Distribution of VGLUT3 in Highly Collateralized Axons from the Rat Dorsal Raphe Nucleus as Revealed by Single-Neuron Reconstructions Dave Gagnon, Martin Parent* Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en sante´ mentale de Que´bec, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine, Universite´ Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada Abstract This study aimed at providing the first detailed morphological description, at the single-cell level, of the rat dorsal raphe nucleus neurons, including the distribution of the VGLUT3 protein within their axons. Electrophysiological guidance procedures were used to label dorsal raphe nucleus neurons with biotinylated dextran amine. The somatodendritic and axonal arborization domains of labeled neurons were reconstructed entirely from serial sagittal sections using a computerized image analysis system. Under anaesthesia, dorsal raphe nucleus neurons display highly regular (1.7260.50 Hz) spontaneous firing patterns. They have a medium size cell body (9.861.7 mm) with 2–4 primary dendrites mainly oriented anteroposteriorly. The ascending axons of dorsal raphe nucleus are all highly collateralized and widely distributed (total axonal length up to 18.7 cm), so that they can contact, in various combinations, forebrain structures as diverse as the striatum, the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. Their morphological features and VGLUT3 content vary significantly according to their target sites. For example, high-resolution confocal analysis of the distribution of VGLUT3 within individually labeled-axons reveals that serotonin axon varicosities displaying VGLUT3 are larger (0.7460.03 mm) than those devoid of this protein (0.5560.03 mm). Furthermore, the percentage of axon varicosities that contain VGLUT3 is higher in the striatum (93%) than in the motor cortex (75%), suggesting that a complex trafficking mechanism of the VGLUT3 protein is at play within highly collateralized axons of the dorsal raphe nucleus neurons.
    [Show full text]
  • Stress Adaptation and the Brainstem with Focus on Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Stress Adaptation and the Brainstem with Focus on Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Tiago Chaves 1,2, Csilla Lea Fazekas 1,2, Krisztina Horváth 1,2, Pedro Correia 1,2, Adrienn Szabó 1,2, Bibiána Török 1,2, Krisztina Bánrévi 1 and Dóra Zelena 1,3,* 1 Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] (T.C.); [email protected] (C.L.F.); [email protected] (K.H.); [email protected] (P.C.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (B.T.); [email protected] (K.B.) 2 Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary 3 Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Stress adaptation is of utmost importance for the maintenance of homeostasis and, therefore, of life itself. The prevalence of stress-related disorders is increasing, emphasizing the importance of exploratory research on stress adaptation. Two major regulatory pathways exist: the hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenocortical axis and the sympathetic adrenomedullary axis. They act in unison, ensured by the enormous bidirectional connection between their centers, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and the brainstem monoaminergic cell groups, respectively. PVN and especially their corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) producing neurons are considered to be the centrum of stress regulation. However, the brainstem seems to be equally important. Therefore, Citation: Chaves, T.; Fazekas, C.L.; we aimed to summarize the present knowledge on the role of classical neurotransmitters of the Horváth, K.; Correia, P.; Szabó, A.; brainstem (GABA, glutamate as well as serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine) in stress Török, B.; Bánrévi, K.; Zelena, D.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurokinin Regulation of Midbrain Raphe Neurons: a Behavioral and Anatomical Study
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1988 Neurokinin Regulation of Midbrain Raphe Neurons: A Behavioral and Anatomical Study Joseph Paris Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Medical Pharmacology Commons Recommended Citation Paris, Joseph, "Neurokinin Regulation of Midbrain Raphe Neurons: A Behavioral and Anatomical Study" (1988). Dissertations. 2519. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/2519 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1988 Joseph Paris NEUROKININ REGUI.ATION OF MIDBRAIN RAPHE NEURONS: A BEHAVIORAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDY by Joseph M. Paris A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 1988 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The pursuit of a graduate degree is an endeavor impossible to undertake alone. My parents and family provided the love and nurture which guided me to adulthood, and my wife, Nancy, furnishes the love and encouragement which make life possible. This dissertation, as well as the honors which I have received, are as much theirs as they are mine. I owe the shaping of my development as a scientist to the rein- forcement and counsel of my advisor, Dr. Stanley A. Lorens. He has taught me never to be satisfied with mediocrity.
    [Show full text]
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached Copy Is Furnished to the Author for Internal Non-Commerci
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 43 (2012) 112–119 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jchemneu Nuclear organization of the serotonergic system in the brain of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) a,b a,b a,b a,b Joacil G. Soares , Jose´ R.L.P. Cavalcanti , Francisco G. Oliveira , Andre´ L.B. Pontes , a,b a,b a,b a,b Twyla B. Sousa , Leandro M. Freitas , Jeferson S. Cavalcante , Expedito S. Nascimento Jr , a,b a,b, Judney C. Cavalcante , Miriam S.M.O. Costa * a Departments of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil b Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a substance found in many tissues of the body, including as Received 23 August 2011 a neurotransmitter in the nervous system, where it can exert different post-synaptic actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Guidance of Serotonin Raphe Neurons During Development Teng Teng
    Molecular guidance of serotonin raphe neurons during development Teng Teng To cite this version: Teng Teng. Molecular guidance of serotonin raphe neurons during development. Neurons and Cogni- tion [q-bio.NC]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2016. English. NNT : 2016PA066584. tel-01880504 HAL Id: tel-01880504 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01880504 Submitted on 25 Sep 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Spécialité NEUROSCIENCES Ecole doctorale Cerveau Cognition Comportement Présentée par Teng TENG Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Molecular guidance of serotonin raphe neurons during development Soutenue le 23 septembre 2016 devant le jury compose de: Dr Michael Reber Rapporteur Dr Christina Lillesaar Rapporteur Dr Salah EI Mestikawy Examinateur Dr Fekrije Selimi Examinateur Dr Afsaneh Gaillard Examinateur Dr Patricia Gaspar Directeur de thèse 1 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank to Patricia Gapsar for being my supervisor and the teacher of enlightenment in neuroscience. Under her careful supervision, I become more and more interesting in neuroscience. She teaches me how to be a good researcher and a good anatomist.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the Serotonergic Cells in Murine Raphe Nuclei and Their Relations with Rhombomeric Domains
    Brain Struct Funct DOI 10.1007/s00429-012-0456-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Development of the serotonergic cells in murine raphe nuclei and their relations with rhombomeric domains Antonia Alonso • Paloma Mercha´n • Juan E. Sandoval • Luisa Sa´nchez-Arrones • Angels Garcia-Cazorla • Rafael Artuch • Jose´ L. Ferra´n • Margaret Martı´nez-de-la-Torre • Luis Puelles Received: 2 August 2012 / Accepted: 8 September 2012 Ó The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The raphe nuclei represent the origin of central conventional seven raphe nuclei among these twelve units. serotonergic projections. The literature distinguishes seven To this aim, we correlated 5-HT-immunoreacted neurons nuclei grouped into rostral and caudal clusters relative to with rhombomeric boundary landmarks in sagittal mouse the pons. The boundaries of these nuclei have not been brain sections at different developmental stages. Further- defined precisely enough, particularly with regard to more, we performed a partial genoarchitectonic analysis of developmental units, notably hindbrain rhombomeres. We the developing raphe nuclei, mapping all known seroto- hold that a developmental point of view considering nergic differentiation markers, and compared these results, rhombomeres may explain observed differences in con- jointly with others found in the literature, with our map of nectivity and function. There are twelve rhombomeres serotonin-containing populations, in order to examine characterized by particular genetic profiles, and each regional variations in correspondence. Examples of develops between one and four distinct serotonergic pop- regionally selective gene patterns were identified. As a ulations. We have studied the distribution of the result, we produced a rhombomeric classification of some 45 serotonergic populations, and suggested a correspond- A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Raphe-Hippocampal Tract and Its Age Differences: Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Probabilistic Tractography Study
    University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) Spring 5-9-2020 The Raphe-Hippocampal Tract and its Age Differences: Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Probabilistic Tractography Study Ashley Sekul Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the Biochemistry Commons, Communication Sciences and Disorders Commons, and the Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons Recommended Citation Sekul, Ashley, "The Raphe-Hippocampal Tract and its Age Differences: Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Probabilistic Tractography Study" (2020). Honors Theses. 1535. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/1535 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE RAPHE-HIPPOCAMPAL TRACT AND ITS AGE DIFFERENCES: DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING AND PROBABILISTIC TRACTOGRAPHY STUDY by Ashley Sekul A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford, MS May 2020 Approved by Advisor: Professor Tossi Ikuta Reader: Professor Saumen Chakraborty Reader: Professor John Samonds i © 2020 Ashley Elizabeth Sekul ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii DEDICATION To my family who has seen me through each step of life and especially each step of this thesis. I could not have completed this without your support. Thank you for loving me and motivating me though all of the challenges, triumphs, and tribulations. It is so exciting that this is complete, and I could not have done it alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Supramedullary Afferents to the Nucleus Raphe Magnus in the Rat: a Study Using Transcannula HRP-Gel and Autoradiography Techniques
    Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 1982 Supramedullary Afferents to the Nucleus Raphe Magnus in the Rat: A Study Using Transcannula HRP-gel and Autoradiography Techniques Susan Mary Carlton Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Anatomy Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4406 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. f_ Ill (}lL,'Z9 C..Ak.L. SUPRAMEDULLARY AFFERENTS TO THE NUCLEUS RAPHE MAGNUS IN THE RAT: A STUDY USING TRANSCANNULA HRP-GEL AND ; qp,L.. AUTORADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES by Susan Mary Carlton B.S., Mary Washington College Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia May, 1982 This thesis by Susan Mary Carlton is accepted in its present form as satisfying the thesis require;uent for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: . �-��: � Advi ' airman of G te Committee · _·l · . U.................. ................... AnR0"0<.Chairman, MCV Graduate Council, Dean, School of Basic Sciences CUR.RICULUM VITAE , For my parents, Douglas and Elizabeth Carlton who gave me the most precious gifts any parent can give: strong roots to grow and wings to fly. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my graditude and indebtedness to my mentor and friend, Dr.
    [Show full text]