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Indicators of Sustainability for Australian Commercial Forests

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Indicators of Sustainability for Australian Commercial Forests This document has been scanned from hard-copy archives for research and study purposes. Please note not all information may be current. We have tried, in preparing this copy, to make the content accessible to the widest possible audience but in some cases we recognise that the automatic text recognition maybe inadequate and we apologise in advance for any inconvenience this may cause. I I FOREST & WOOD PRODUCTS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION NO.3 EVALUATION OF SANTIAGO DECLARATION (MONTREAL PROCESS) INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILITY FOR AUSTRALIAN COMMERCIAL FORESTS. A NEW SOUTH WALES ALPINE ASH FOREST AS A CASE STUDY John Turner fORfSl &WOOD PRODDC'S EvALUATION OF SANTIAGO (MONTREAL) DECLARATION INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILl1Y FOR AUSTRALIAN COMMERCIAL FORESTS. A NEW SOUTH WALES ALPINE AsH FOREST AS A CASE STUDY John Turner Forest and Wood Products Research and Development Corporation (FWPRDC) March,1996 The Author: John Turner, Director Research, Research Division, State Forests of New South Wales Scientific Editor: Michelle Johnstone Published by: Research Division, State Forests of New South Wales, 121-131 Oratava Avenue, West Pennant Hills, 211:; P.D. Box 100, Beecroft. 2119 Australia. Copyright © 1996 by State Forests of New South Wales ISBN 07310 6727 4 The research and development activities described in this publication were jointly funded by the Forest and Wood Products Research and Development Corporation (FWPRDC) and organisations listed in the study. The information and recommendations contained in this publication do not necessarily represent the policy ofFWPRDC, or collectively or individually the participating organisations. No person should act on the basis of the contents of this publication, whether as to matters of fact or opinion or other content, without fIrst obtaining specific, independent professional advice which confIrms the information contained in this publication. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CASE STUDY AREA 2 ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS 3 CRITERION 1: BIODIVERSITY 3 CRITERION 2: MAINTENANCE OF PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF FOREST 5 ECOSYSTEMS CRITERION 3: MAINTENANCE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM HEALTH VITALITY 8 CRITERION 4: CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOIL AND WATER 10 RESOURCES CRITERION 5: MAINTENANCE OF FOREST CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL 13 CARBON CYCLES DISCUSSION 15 REFERENCES 16 APPENDICES 17 APPENDIX 1 Indicators ofsustainable timber yieldfrom BagolMaragle 17 Hardwood-Management Area in New South Wales ' APPENDIX 2 Review ofPhasmatid occurrence and effect on increment in 43 Bago State Forest APPENDIX 3 Water quality monitoring strategies for forest management: 59 fl case study at Bago State Forest APPENDIX 4 Relating native forest productivity to site and soil properties 89 in BagolMaragle State Forests TABLES Table 1, Forest Types within BagolMaragle State Forests and comparison of Alpine 4 Ash Types within other land tenures Table 2. Forest Types within Kosciusko National Park 4 Table 3. Sustainability indicators for BagolMaragle State Forests 6 Table 4. Impact ofPhasmatid attack on the merchantable areas ofBago State Forest 9 Table 5. Length ofstream determined for turbidity levels (total of186 km ofstream) 12 Table 6. Length of stream 'determined for conductivity levels (total of 186 km of 12 stream) Table 7. Length of stream determined for total nitrogen concentrations (total of 186 12 km ofstream) Table 8. Length of stream determined for, total phosphorous concentrations (total of 12 186 km ofstream) Table 9. Accumulation of carbon in Bago State Forest (assuming an area of 14 46,805 ha) FWPRDC SANTIAGO DECLARATION INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILITY TECHNICAL PUBLICATION N° 3 A NEW SOUTH WALES ALPINE ASH FOREST AS A CASE STUDY INTRODUCTION International recognition of the importance of the maintenance of ecological diversity has resulted in a number of initiatives designed to ensure the sustainable management of the world's forests. Australia is a signatory to the Santiago Declaration on sustainable management of boreal and temperate forests (refer to Turner et al. 1996a, Appendix 4), which includes the aim of maintaining or achieving sustainable management of forests by the year 2000. The Santiago Declaration includes seven criteria and associated indicators which it claims "characterise the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests". The document also states that "given the wide differences in natural and social conditions among countries, the specific application and monitoring of the criteria and indicators, as well as the capacity to apply them, will vary from country to country based on national circumstances". The Forest & Wood Products Research & Development Corporation and the members of the Research Priorities Coordination Committee for the Standing Committee on Forestry are funding a national project to assess the applicability of the proposed criteria and indicators to Australian conditions and begin the process of applying them. The objectives of this project have been described in Evaluation of Santiago Declaration (Montreal Process) indicators of sustainability for Australian commercial forests (Turner et al. 1996) and are outlined below. 1. Review, define and further develop indicators of sustainable management for Australian production forests (native and plantation), based on the indicators proposed in the Santiago Declaration. 2. Apply selected indicators from (1) over a range of Forest Types to test for their general applicability . 3. Define and implement research programs which: - test and calibrate standard methodologies for measuring the selected indicators; - interpret and report on sustainability indicators; - provide alter'native strategies for sustainable forest management based on the indicators; and - identify further research and development priorities. 4. Provide a basis for the development of a cost-effective internationally recognised certification scheme for sustainably managed forests in Australia. This report is part of the second part of this process. It deals with the application of the indicators to case study areas to test their applicability, the availability and suitability of information and, where necessary, identification of research and development requirements. This report presents information on Bago and Maragle State Forests. It relies on the initial analysis of Turner et al. (1996a) along with more detailed information provided in the appendices. The aim is to apply information to proposed indicators and cOnsider whether they are relevant or valuable at the management unit level. Where indicators are considered to be of little value, alternatives are discussed. Information was only available for a select number of indicators, consequently not all indicators are discussed in this report. FWPRDC SANTIAGO DECLARATION INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILITY TECHNICAL PUBLICATION N" 3 A NEW SoUTH WALES ALPINE ASH FOREST AS A CASE STUDY CASE STUDY AREA Bago/Maragle State Forests are situated near the towns of Batlow and Tumbarumba on the south-west slopes of New South Wales. The total area is approximately 48,000 ha, located between 400 m and 1,440 m a.s.l. Annual precipitation ranges from approximately 1,100 mm in the lower altitude areas to 1,400 mm in the higher central portion of the plateau. Bago/Maragle State Forests fall within a broader regional context containing National Parks, private land and considerable areas of plantations. Kosciusko National Park is situated in close proximity to the east with pine plantations and cleared land on the other boundaries. Both forests are commercial, production forests primarily utilising alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis) with secondary species of mountain gum (E. dalrympleana) and peppermint (E. radiata). Parts of these forests have been utilised for timber production since the turn of the century and it is this long history of timber production that make them of value as a case study area. SANTIAGO DECLARATION INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILITY FWPRDC 2 A NEW SOUTH WALES ALPINE ASH FOREST AS ACASE STUDY TECHNICAL PUBLICATION N° 3 ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS The criteria and indicators discussed in this section are analysed in the order presented in the Santiago Declaration. Indicators are considered in terms of their relevance to management, whether they are site specific, the ease of obtaining data and their reliability. CRITERION 1: BIODIVERSITY Criterion 1 is composed of three sub-sections with specific indicators related to each. These sub­ sections are: • Ecosystem Diversity; • Species Diversity; and • Genetic Diversity. Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity are not discussed in this report as the indicators listed under these sections are considered mainly inappropriate at the management unit level (Turner et al. 1996a). 1i. ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY Indicators a. Extent of area by forest type in relation to the total area offorest. b. Extent ofarea by forest type and by age class and successional stage. c. Extent of area by forest type in protected area categories as defined by IUCN or other clasification systems. d Extent of areas by forest type in protected areas defined by age class or successional state. e. Fragmentation offorest types. Discussion Forest Types may be defined in a number of ways. Within BagolMaragle State Forests, Forest Types are classified according to the New South Wales State Forests Forest Typing system (Anon 1989) based on the overstorey canopy species. This system does not address structure or understorey species. The areas of Forest Types within the forest
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