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Arrests .And [Housej Searches THE UKRAINIAN HERALD ,, ISSUE 6 I INTRODUCTION BY JAROSLAV BiLiNSKY AN UNDERGROUND JOURNAL FROM SOVIET UKRAINE THE UKRAINIAN HERALD ISSUE 6 DISSENT IN UKRAINE -Taotil~~ 2212~Ave Balimore,Ml)21214 U.S.A:....,.... 1'HE UKRAINIAN HERALD ISSUE 6 DISSENT IN UKRAINE An Underground Journal from Soviet Ukraine Introduction by YAROSLAV BILINSKY Translated from the Ukrainian and Edited by LESYA JONES and BOHDAN YASEN SMOLOSKYP PUBLISHERS Baltimore • Paris • Toronto 1977 The Ukrainian Herald Issue 6 Dissent in Ukraine A translation of a samvydav journal which appeared in Soviet Ukraine in March 1972 Copyright 1977 by Smoloskyp Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Smoloskyp Publishers, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or broadcast. Published in 1977 by Smoloskyp Publishers, a non-profit organization P.O. Box 6066, Patterson Station Baltimore, Md. 21231 Libracy of Congress Catalog Number: 75-39367 ISBN: 0-914834-05-3 0-914834-06-1 (paperback) Net royalties will be used in the interest of Ukrainian political prisoners in the U.S.S.R. Printed and bound in the United States of America Distributed in Canada exclusively by CATARACT PR€SS Lc:P~ Box 1186. Postal Station 'A", Toronto. Ontario, Canada M5W 1G6 CONTENTS Abbreviations INTRODUCTION by Yaroslav Bilinsky 1 PREFACE 5 THE ASSIGNMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN HERALD 13 ARRESTS AND HOUSE SEARCHES 15 V. Chornovil. WHAT BOHDAN STENCHUK DEFENDS AND HOW HE DOES IT 21 FACTS ARE EVIDENCE 63 UNDER CHAUVINIST PRESSURE (On the State of Instruction in the Ukrainian Language in the Schools of the Capital of Ukraine) 69 ON THE STATE OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IN THE CRIMEAN PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE 77 WHOSE MOTHER IS DEARER? 83 THE CASE OF VALENTYN MOROZ 88 Valentyn Moroz. Statements, Petitions, Demands l. To Petro Shelest, First Secretary of the CC CPU 88 2. To the Prosecutor of the Ukr.S.S.R. 93 3. To the Chairman of the KGB of the Ukr.S.S.R. 94 4. To the Prosecutor of the Ukr.S.S.R. 95 5. To the Association of Jurists of the Ukr.S.S.R. 96 Valentyn Moroz. Instead of a Last Word 97 Petitions and Appeals on Behalf of Valentyn Moroz 1. Ivan Dzyuba to the Editors of Radyanska Osvita 101 2. Borys Antonenko-Davydovych, Ivan Dzyuba, Vvacheslav Chornovil to the Central Committee of the CPU 103 3. Maria Kachmar-Savka to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Ukr.S.S.R. 108 4. Maria Voytovych to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Ukr.S.S.R. 109 5. Pavlo Chemerys to the Supreme Court of the Ukr.S.S.R. llO 6. Iryna Kalynets to the Council of Ministers, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the .Ministry of Health, and the Red Cross lll ANTON OLIYNYK-IN MEMORIAM ll2 IV AN SOKULSKY ll5 DEATH OF A PATRIOT ll7 STATEMENT OF POET MYKOLA KHOLODNY 121 A CHRONICLE 124 A STATEMENT REGARDING THE FORMATION OF A CITIZENS' COMMITTEE FOR THE DEFENSE OF NINA STROKATA 141 WHO IS NINA STROKATA (KARAVANSKA)? 144 ANATOLIY LUPYNIS 149 A CHRONICLE 154 MYKHAYLOSOROKA W9 Notes 181 Index of Nam es 2ll ABBREVIATIONS A.S.S.R. Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic AS Ukr.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian S.S.R. cc Central Committee CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union CPU Communist Party of Ukraine Komsomol Communist Youth League OUN Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists R.S.F.S.R. Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic S.S.R. Soviet Socialist Republic UkrCC Criminal Code of the Ukrainian S.S.R. UkrCCP Code of Criminal Procedures of the UkrainianS.S.R. Ukr.S.S.R. Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic INTRODUCTION by Y aroslav Bilinsky This is the sixth issue of the underground Ukrainian Herald, offered in a meticulous and generously annotated translation by Lesya Jones ·and Bohdan Yasen. Unlike the-unsucessfully-suppressed all-So.viet Union Chron­ icle of Current Events, which may be more familiar to Western readers, the Ukrainian Herald contains a mixture of news, brief documents, and entire pamphlets that have been circulating underground in Soviet Ukraine. This seems to invite a re­ arrangement of the contents, which the translators-editors have wisely avoided. Though a neater, more logical layout would have demanded less of the reader, the original arrangement carries greater authority: dissent in Soviet Ukraine is, alas, neither neat nor logical, at least not by contemporary \Vestern standards. It simply is: a cry of the anguished soul, an existential phenomenon that cannot be fully explained nor elegantly cate­ gorized. The reader who is interested in things Ukrainian will find this particular volume a rich harvest of facts and insights. There is Vyacheslav Chornovil's lengthy but spirited point-by-point cri­ tique of a pamphlet by "Bohdan Stenchuk." An apparently pseudonymous official hack writer, "Stenchuk" attempted to re­ fute Ivan Dzyuba's well-known treatise Internationalism or Rus­ sification?, but he appears to have gotten the worse in the argu­ ment. Besides numerous thumbsketches of persons who were I Introduction arrested in 1972 and earlier, besides the collection of materials pertaining to the 1968 investigation and the 1970 trial of historian Valentyn Yloroz (pp. 88-111) and the 1971 arrest of microbi­ ologist Nina Strokata-Karavanska, the wife of repeatedly per­ secuted Svyatoslav Karavansky (pp. 141-48 ), the volume offers priceless data on the Russification of higher and elementary­ secondary education in Ukraine. The reasons for this process are complex. Many "practical" Ukrainians definitely like to impart to their children a better chance at obtaining a career through higher education. They send them to Russian-language elementary and secondary schools so as to enable them to pass college entrance examina­ tions in Russian language and literature and in their chosen specialties that are also administered in Russian. On the other hand, the conclusion of the anonymous Ukrainian patriot who has carefully described the state of the Ukrainian language in the elementary-secondary schools of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, also deserves a hearing. He writes: "This is not a spontaneous process [sending Ukrainian children to Russian-language schools], as the authorities attempt to explain it. It is con­ sciously directed and stimulated by the continued Russification of the pre-school establishments, higher educational institutes, state institutions and cultural life" ( p. 76). By 1965 the inroads of Russian in Ukrainian colleges and uni­ versities were so great that in August of that year, as Chornovil tells us, Yu. M. Dadenkov, the Minister of Higher Education of the Ukrainian S.S.R., issued a secret letter of instruction, at­ tempting to institute a more balanced policy in establishments under the jurisdiction of his ministry (pp. 37-38). But Daden­ kov's corrective was never applied, because his instmctions.were immediately countermanded by Moscow. It was also late in the summer of 1965 that Moscow ordered the first wave of arrests of Ukrainian intellectuals. The material on schooling and higher education is invaluable because full public official data on elementary-secondary schools in Soviet Ukraine have not been made available since 1956- 57, and on higher education since 1961. To obtain more re­ cent figures on the number of Ukrainian students enrolled in 2 Introduction 1970-71 at the higher educational establishments of the Ukrain­ ian S.S.R., one literally has to recalculate a table which gives the number of Ukrainian women students only. (Hiding na­ tionality statistics behind sex statistics is an innovative Soviet presentation.) In that academic year the number of Ukrainian students in Ukraine was but 59.9 per cent (with Ukrainians comprising 74.9 per cent of the republic's total population in 1970), while Russians numbered as many as 32.9 per cent of the student body (compared with 19.4 per cent of the total [See Narodnoye obrazovaniye, nauka i kultura v SSSR, Moscow, 1971, p. 197.]) This tends to confirm Chornovil's argument about the Russification of colleges and universities in Soviet Ukraine. One could argue with Chornovil that the Russians in the Ukrain­ ian S.S.R. are more urbanized and hence educationallv more mobile, but this, in turn, raises the more serious questi~n why this should be so, more than fifty years after the October Revo­ lution and after all the socio-economic progress that has been made in Soviet Ukraine. Is this lag a spontaneous one or is it rather a matter of deliberate policy? This issue also contains, among others, a brief, movingly poignant article entitled "Anton Oliynyk-ln Memoriam." In 1947 Oliynyk, a 19- or 20-year-old member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), was arrested by the secret police, tried, and sentenced to 25 years of strict-regime labor camps. He managed to escape from the Far North in 1955, was recaptured in Ukraine and sentenced again to 25 years, part of which was to be served in the dreaded Vladimir Prison. In 1965 he escaped for a second time and again was recaptured in his native Ukraine. Though under contemporary Soviet law the maximum sentence for escape would have been an additional three-year term, Anton Oliynyk was tried this time not for es­ caping, but for allegedly participating in mass murders as an OUN member during and immediately after World War II. He was convicted of those "crimes," sentenced to death, and executed in Rivne in June 1966.
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