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A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature
A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature Robert A. Taylor RESEARCH IN MEDIEVAL CULTURE Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature Medieval Institute Publications is a program of The Medieval Institute, College of Arts and Sciences Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature Robert A. Taylor MEDIEVAL INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS Western Michigan University Kalamazoo Copyright © 2015 by the Board of Trustees of Western Michigan University All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Taylor, Robert A. (Robert Allen), 1937- Bibliographical guide to the study of the troubadours and old Occitan literature / Robert A. Taylor. pages cm Includes index. Summary: "This volume provides offers an annotated listing of over two thousand recent books and articles that treat all categories of Occitan literature from the earli- est enigmatic texts to the works of Jordi de Sant Jordi, an Occitano-Catalan poet who died young in 1424. The works chosen for inclusion are intended to provide a rational introduction to the many thousands of studies that have appeared over the last thirty-five years. The listings provide descriptive comments about each contri- bution, with occasional remarks on striking or controversial content and numerous cross-references to identify complementary studies or differing opinions" -- Pro- vided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-58044-207-7 (Paperback : alk. paper) 1. Provençal literature--Bibliography. 2. Occitan literature--Bibliography. 3. Troubadours--Bibliography. 4. Civilization, Medieval, in literature--Bibliography. -
1 the Middle Ages
THE MIDDLE AGES 1 1 The Middle Ages Introduction The Middle Ages lasted a thousand years, from the break-up of the Roman Empire in the fifth century to the end of the fifteenth, when there was an awareness that a ‘dark time’ (Rabelais dismissively called it ‘gothic’) separated the present from the classical world. During this medium aevum or ‘Middle Age’, situated between classical antiquity and modern times, the centre of the world moved north as the civil- ization of the Mediterranean joined forces with the vigorous culture of temperate Europe. Rather than an Age, however, it is more appropriate to speak of Ages, for surges of decay and renewal over ten centuries redrew the political, social and cultural map of Europe, by war, marriage and treaty. By the sixth century, Christianity was replacing older gods and the organized fabric of the Roman Empire had been eroded and trading patterns disrupted. Although the Church kept administrative structures and learning alive, barbarian encroachments from the north and Saracen invasions from the south posed a continuing threat. The work of undoing the fragmentation of Rome’s imperial domain was undertaken by Charlemagne (742–814), who created a Holy Roman Empire, and subsequently by his successors over many centuries who, in bursts of military and administrative activity, bought, earned or coerced the loyalty of the rulers of the many duchies and comtés which formed the patchwork of feudal territories that was France. This process of centralization proceeded at variable speeds. After the break-up of Charlemagne’s empire at the end of the tenth century, ‘France’ was a kingdom which occupied the region now known as 2 THE MIDDLE AGES the Île de France. -
ALBERNI (Anna) Et L ANNUTTI (Maria Sofia), « “ Lay Ves França ”
ALBERNI (Anna) et LANNUTTI (Maria Sofia), « “Lay ves França”. Les structures formelles de la musique et de la poésie dans la lyrique catalane des origines », Les Noces de Philologie et Musicologie. Textes et musiques du Moyen Âge, p. 371-399 DOI : 10.15122/isbn.978-2-406-06210-3.p.0371 © Classiques Garnier RÉSUMÉ – Les témoins les plus anciens de dansa conservés en Catalogne, parfois associés à une notation musicale, montrent l’influence de structures strophiques associées à des mélodies de type responsorial qui, tout au long du XIVe siècle, enrichissent l’éventail des formes à refrain de l’ars nova française. La lyrique catalane médiévale, héritière des troubadours, assimile très tôt les innovations de la poésie et de la musique françaises, mais les adapte à sa propre tradition littéraire. « LAY VES FRANÇA » Les structures formelles de la musique et de la poésie dans la lyrique catalane des origines1 LA DANSA EN CATALOGNE AU XIIIe ET XIVe SIÈCLES (I) : JACQUES II D’ARAGON, MAYRE DE DEU E FYLHA Dans la production lyrique catalane des origines, le nombre élevé de pièces en forme de danse paraît frappant. Dix d’entre elles se trouvent dans le Cançoneret de Ripoll (Barcelona, Arxiu de la Corona d’Aragó, Ripoll 129), copié dans la première moitié du xive siècle2. Plusieurs autres danses, souvent plus anciennes, ont été récemment retrouvées dans des manuscrits du xive siècle que l’on ne peut pas qualifier de manuscrits lyriques et où leur présence est de nature « occasionnelle ». Cependant, la présence de dansas s’observe déjà en Catalogne au cours du siècle précédent comme nous le montrent les danses de Cerverí de Girona. -
La Música En Los Países Borgoñones En La Primera Mitad Del Siglo XV
La música en los países borgoñones en la primera mitad del siglo XV Leonardo Arenas López Resumen En este breve artículo divulgativo se aborda la música en los países borgoñones en la primera mitad del siglo XV y se proponen algunas estrategias pedagógicas para su enseñanza en la asignatura de “Historia de la música” que se imparte en los conservatorios de música. Introducción Hacia el año 1400, los dos estilos musicales, distintos hasta entonces, de Francia e Italia, comenzaron a interrelacionarse. Este estilo internacional incipiente habría de enriquecerse durante el siglo XV gracias al aporte de corrientes provenientes de otras fuentes, sobre todo de Inglaterra y de la zona de los Países Bajos. Después de 1400, más o menos, una nueva sencillez comienza a cultivarse particularmente en la corte borgoñona. La música eclesiástica, que había caído en la oscuridad, comienza una vez más a recuperar su puesto en el arte musical. No toda la música de principios del siglo XV pertenece al nuevo estilo; alguna es tan compleja como la de la época precedente. El Ars subtilior Si hacia 1350 había un estilo que pudiera reclamar para sí el representar una tradición polifónica “central” (este es el término utilizado por Atlas, 2002a), ése era el del Ars nova francés. En conjunto, mientras Inglaterra e Italia constituían tradiciones importantes secundarias, era Francia la que asumía el papel protagonista. Una de las características que impregnaron la música francesa durante buena parte del siglo XIV fue la tendencia a la complejidad. Esto es particularmente evidente en el motete isorrítmico, con sus taleas y colores a menudo no sincronizados y su uso de la disminución proporcional en taleas sucesivas. -
Leon Battista Alberti
THE HARVARD UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR ITALIAN RENAISSANCE STUDIES VILLA I TATTI Via di Vincigliata 26, 50135 Florence, Italy VOLUME 25 E-mail: [email protected] / Web: http://www.itatti.ita a a Tel: +39 055 603 251 / Fax: +39 055 603 383 AUTUMN 2005 From Joseph Connors: Letter from Florence From Katharine Park: he verve of every new Fellow who he last time I spent a full semester at walked into my office in September, I Tatti was in the spring of 2001. It T This year we have two T the abundant vendemmia, the large was as a Visiting Professor, and my Letters from Florence. number of families and children: all these husband Martin Brody and I spent a Director Joseph Connors was on were good omens. And indeed it has been splendid six months in the Villa Papiniana sabbatical for the second semester a year of extraordinary sparkle. The bonds composing a piano trio (in his case) and during which time Katharine Park, among Fellows were reinforced at the finishing up the research on a book on Zemurray Stone Radcliffe Professor outset by several trips, first to Orvieto, the medieval and Renaissance origins of of the History of Science and of the where we were guided by the great human dissection (in mine). Like so Studies of Women, Gender, and expert on the cathedral, Lucio Riccetti many who have worked at I Tatti, we Sexuality came to Florence from (VIT’91); and another to Milan, where were overwhelmed by the beauty of the Harvard as Acting Director. Matteo Ceriana guided us place, impressed by its through the exhibition on Fra scholarly resources, and Carnevale, which he had helped stimulated by the company to organize along with Keith and conversation. -
Chapter 2: Secular and Cathedral Music in the High Middle Ages I
Chapter 2: Secular and Cathedral Music in the High Middle Ages I. Introduction – Chapter 1 dealt primarily with sacred music, influenced by the fact that initially only sacred music was available for observation. Chapter 2 turns to secular music. II. Troubadours and Trouvères A.Troubadours 1. The first European vernacular poet whose work survives was William IX (7th count of Poitiers and 9th duke of Aquitaine). b. The tradition of these poets is known as the troubadour. c. The troubadour tradition was a “top down” as those of the highest social ranks were the main participants. Their poetry celebrated feudal ideals. d. Different types of troubadour verse dealt with various aspects of the feudal system, including songs of alliance, knightly decorum, exploits, challenges, and death. 2. Courtly love lay at the heart of the troubadour tradition. a. The canso was a song about love. b. Courtly love songs celebrated the same high ideals as other types of songs. c. The lady about whom a poet wrote usually outranked him, making her theoretically unattainable. d. Courtly love was generally more about veneration than physical love. e. The poetic style matches the lofty ideals of courtly love, as demonstrated in Can vei la lauzeta mover. B. Performance and Oral Culture 1. We do not know the rhythm of troubadour songs, but most likely the loftier style of the troubadour songs approximated that of contemporary chant. 2. Some troubadour songs matched a lower-class style; these were not based on chant style. a. Pastorela is one such genre. b. L’autrier jost’ una sebissa by Marcabru is an example. -
New Oxford History of Music Volume Ii
NEW OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC VOLUME II EDITORIAL BOARD J. A. WESTRUP (Chairman) GERALD ABRAHAM (Secretary) EDWARD J. DENT DOM ANSELM'HUGHES BOON WELLESZ THE VOLUMES OF THE NEW OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC I. Ancient and Oriental Music ii. Early Medieval Music up to 1300 in. Ars Nova and the Renaissance (c. 1300-1540) iv. The Age of Humanism (1540-1630) v. Opera and Church Music (1630-1750) vi. The Growth of Instrumental Music (1630-1750) vn. The Symphonic Outlook (1745-1790) VIIL The Age of Beethoven (1790-1830) ix. Romanticism (1830-1890) x. Modern Music (1890-1950) XL Chronological Tables and General Index ' - - SACRED AND PROFANE MUSIC (St. John's College, MS. B. Cambridge, 18.) Twelfth century EARLY MEDIEVAL MUSIC UP TO BOO EDITED BY DOM ANSELM HUGHES GEOFFREY CUMBERLEGE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON NEWYORK TORONTO 1954 Oxford University Press, Amen House, London E.C.4 GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI CAPE TOWN IBADAN Geoffrey Cumberlege, Publisher to the University PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE present work is designed to replace the Oxford History of Music, first published in six volumes under the general editorship of Sir Henry Hadow between 1901 and 1905. Five authors contributed to that ambitious publication the first of its kind to appear in English. The first two volumes, dealing with the Middle Ages and the sixteenth century, were the work of H. E. Wooldridge. In the third Sir Hubert Parry examined the music of the seventeenth century. The fourth, by J. A. Fuller-Maitland, was devoted to the age of Bach and Handel; the fifth, by Hadow himself, to the period bounded by C. -
JAMES D. BABCOCK, MBA, CFA, CPA 191 South Salem Road Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877 (203) 994-7244 [email protected]
JAMES D. BABCOCK, MBA, CFA, CPA 191 South Salem Road Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877 (203) 994-7244 [email protected] List of Addendums First Addendum – Middle Ages Second Addendum – Modern and Modern Sub-Categories A. 20th Century B. 21st Century C. Modern and High Modern D. Postmodern and Contemporary E. Descrtiption of Categories (alphabetic) and Important Composers Third Addendum – Composers Fourth Addendum – Musical Terms and Concepts 1 First Addendum – Middle Ages A. The Early Medieval Music (500-1150). i. Early chant traditions Chant (or plainsong) is a monophonic sacred form which represents the earliest known music of the Christian Church. The simplest, syllabic chants, in which each syllable is set to one note, were probably intended to be sung by the choir or congregation, while the more florid, melismatic examples (which have many notes to each syllable) were probably performed by soloists. Plainchant melodies (which are sometimes referred to as a “drown,” are characterized by the following: A monophonic texture; For ease of singing, relatively conjunct melodic contour (meaning no large intervals between one note and the next) and a restricted range (no notes too high or too low); and Rhythms based strictly on the articulation of the word being sung (meaning no steady dancelike beats). Chant developed separately in several European centers, the most important being Rome, Hispania, Gaul, Milan and Ireland. Chant was developed to support the regional liturgies used when celebrating Mass. Each area developed its own chant and rules for celebration. In Spain and Portugal, Mozarabic chant was used, showing the influence of North Afgican music. The Mozarabic liturgy survived through Muslim rule, though this was an isolated strand and was later suppressed in an attempt to enforce conformity on the entire liturgy. -
Troubadours NEW GROVE
Troubadours, trouvères. Lyric poets or poet-musicians of France in the 12th and 13th centuries. It is customary to describe as troubadours those poets who worked in the south of France and wrote in Provençal, the langue d’oc , whereas the trouvères worked in the north of France and wrote in French, the langue d’oil . I. Troubadour poetry 1. Introduction. The troubadours were the earliest and most significant exponents of the arts of music and poetry in medieval Western vernacular culture. Their influence spread throughout the Middle Ages and beyond into French (the trouvères, see §II below), German, Italian, Spanish, English and other European languages. The first centre of troubadour song seems to have been Poitiers, but the main area extended from the Atlantic coast south of Bordeaux in the west, to the Alps bordering on Italy in the east. There were also ‘schools’ of troubadours in northern Italy itself and in Catalonia. Their influence, of course, spread much more widely. Pillet and Carstens (1933) named 460 troubadours; about 2600 of their poems survive, with melodies for roughly one in ten. The principal troubadours include AIMERIC DE PEGUILHAN ( c1190–c1221), ARNAUT DANIEL ( fl c1180–95), ARNAUT DE MAREUIL ( fl c1195), BERNART DE VENTADORN ( fl c1147–70), BERTRAN DE BORN ( fl c1159–95; d 1215), Cerveri de Girona ( fl c1259–85), FOLQUET DE MARSEILLE ( fl c1178–95; d 1231), GAUCELM FAIDIT ( fl c1172–1203), GUILLAUME IX , Duke of Aquitaine (1071–1126), GIRAUT DE BORNELH ( fl c1162–99), GUIRAUT RIQUIER ( fl c1254–92), JAUFRE RUDEL ( fl c1125–48), MARCABRU ( fl c1130–49), PEIRE D ’ALVERNHE ( fl c1149–68; d 1215), PEIRE CARDENAL ( fl c1205–72), PEIRE VIDAL ( fl c1183–c1204), PEIROL ( c1188–c1222), RAIMBAUT D ’AURENGA ( c1147–73), RAIMBAUT DE VAQEIRAS ( fl c1180–1205), RAIMON DE MIRAVAL ( fl c1191–c1229) and Sordello ( fl c1220–69; d 1269). -
Levitsky Dissertation
The Song from the Singer: Personification, Embodiment, and Anthropomorphization in Troubadour Lyric Anne Levitsky Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2018 Anne Levitsky All rights reserved ABSTRACT The Song from the Singer: Personification, Embodiment, and Anthropomorphization in Troubadour Lyric Anne Levitsky This dissertation explores the relationship of the act of singing to being a human in the lyric poetry of the troubadours, traveling poet-musicians who frequented the courts of contemporary southern France in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. In my dissertation, I demonstrate that the troubadours surpass traditionally-held perceptions of their corpus as one entirely engaged with themes of courtly romance and society, and argue that their lyric poetry instead both displays the influence of philosophical conceptions of sound, and critiques notions of personhood and sexuality privileged by grammarians, philosophers, and theologians. I examine a poetic device within troubadour songs that I term ‘personified song’—an occurrence in the lyric tradition where a performer turns toward the song he/she is about to finish singing and directly addresses it. This act lends the song the human capabilities of speech, motion, and agency. It is through the lens of the ‘personified song’ that I analyze this understudied facet of troubadour song. Chapter One argues that the location of personification in the poetic text interacts with the song’s melodic structure to affect the type of personification the song undergoes, while exploring the ways in which singing facilitates the creation of a body for the song. -
The Owl in Winter: the Final Tornada of Marcabru's Pastourelle “L'autrier
The Owl in Winter: The Final Tornada of Marcabru’s Pastourelle “L’autrier jost’una sebissa”* Janice Hewlett Koelb Marcabru’s shepherdess in “L’autrier jost’una sebissa” (“The other day beside a hedge”) ends her debate with the lecherous knight by offering a cryptic sentence about manna, an owl, and a person with a painting — topics which appear to have nothing to do with the logical sequence of the debate: “Don, lo cavecs nos aüra que tals bad’en la penchura — qu’autre n’espera la mayna.” [“Sir, the owl shows us That some people gape at a painting — While others hope for manna from heaven.”]1 * I am grateful to Dino S. Cervigni, Alexander C. Cook, and Clayton Koelb for many suggestions which improved this paper, and to Jacob Vaccaro for his meticulous research assistance. 1 Marcabru, song XXX: “L’autrier,”88-90. Unless otherwise noted, the text and translation are taken from Paden, The Medieval Pastourelle, 36-41, which was chosen mainly on the strength of his trans- lation. Paden follows the practice of most editors in basing his text on the manuscripts of the CR tradition. In contrast, Marcabru: A Critical Edition by Gaunt, Harvey, and Paterson departs from precedent and chooses MS a1 as the base text for song XXX. The editors propose that a1 represents an “early stage in the poem’s transmission,”though their evidence for this assumption is slim; Gaunt et al., eds., Marcabru: A Critical Edition, 375. (Franchi’s version in Pastorelle occitane follows Gaunt’s edition, but with modifications.) The argument presented here would be substantially the same had I followed Gaunt et al., as I do when citing Marcabru’s other songs. -
Pastorela, Bailata, Serrana
Pastorela, bailata, serrana Maria HERNÁNDEZ ESTEBAN 1. EL GÉNERO Parece ineludible, al abordar cuestiones relacionadas con el género, re- cordar las básicas aportaciones de la crítica formalista yelcamino que en su línea ha trazado la crítica especializada posterior. Boris Tomachevs- ki’ subrayó el dinamismo y la jerarquización con que los géneros se com- portan en una época determinada, atendiendo a la historicidad de las for- mas, a la valoración de la historia literaria y al concepto de evolución apuntados por Tinianov y Jakobson2. En el panorama de los estudios me- dievalistas son básicas las consideraciones de Hans-Robert Jauss sobre la historia estructural de los géneros, su recíproco reparto de funciones y la importancia concedida asurecepción, a su posterior influencia yasus posibles interpretaciones3. En una dimensión crítica diferente y con resultados, no obstante, bas- tante afines, escribía Mario Fubiní: «para estudiar alguna de las formas métricas italianas es necesario seguir su distinta relación con las demás, puesto que no existe una forma aislada (.41. Por esto, al hacer una histo- ria de las formas métricas, más que verticalmente, siguiendo una por una desde los orígenes hasta sus últimas apariciones, debemos considerarlas horizontalmente»4. Este es uno de los planteamientos, entre otros, que ha- Boais ToMAcnnvsjo: Teoría de la literatw-a (Madrid: AkaJ, 1982), pp. 211 y ss. 2 YuR¡ TINIANOv y ROMAN JAKoBsON: «Problemas de los estudios literarios y lingúisticos» en Teoría de ¡a literatura de los fonnalislas nisos (Buenos Aires: Signos, 1970), Pp. 103-1 05. Sobre eí interés formalista hacia la historia literaria, en un contexto critico más amplio.