About the Authors

Gillian Balfour is an Associate Professor of Socio­Legal Studies and Feminist Criminology. Her research examines feminist engagement with the victimization, criminalization, and incarceration continuum. She has published widely in areas of sentencing law reform impacts on Indigenous women and the implications of restorative justice in the context of gender­based violence. With her colleagues, she has examined how rape narratives and legal narratives intersect in sexual assault sentencing deci­ sions, as well as the role of victim impact statements in sentencing practices. She is currently conducting an archival study of discipline in Canadian women’s prisons and is a co­investigator on a national study looking at the lived experiences of incarceration. Her most recent project explores the place of organized labour inside prisons. She is a member of Canada’s Walls to Bridges collective that provides prison­ based learning for incarcerated and non­incarcerated students. James Bonta received his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology in 1979 and began his career as a psychologist at a maximum­security remand centre, and later as Chief Psychologist. In 1990, he joined Public Safety Canada and he is presently Director of Corrections Research. Dr. Bonta is a Fellow of the Canadian Psychological Association and recipient of the Criminal Justice Section’s Career Contribution Award for 2009. Dr. Bonta’s interests are in the areas of risk assessment and offender rehabilitation. He co­ authored with the late D. A. Andrews The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (now in its fifth edition). He is also a co­author of the various Level of Service risk/need instruments that have been translated into five languages and used by correctional systems throughout the world. Nicolas Carrier is Associate Professor of Criminology & Criminal Justice at Carleton University. He is notably the author of La politique de la stupéfaction: pérennité de la prohibition des drogues (Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2008). His research interests include criminological and social theory, social control, the sociology of law and moralization processes. Tracey Cyca has been an Instructor in the Department of Public Safety and Justice Studies at MacEwan University since September 2003. Prior to this she was an instructor in the Bachelor of Applied Justice Studies at Mount Royal University in Calgary. She has taught distance and on­line courses for both MacEwan and Mount Royal. Tracey’s educational background includes a Bachelor of Arts (Honours Psychology) from the University of Manitoba and a Master of Criminology (Applied) from the Univer­ sity of Ottawa. Tracey’s current research and teaching interests include youth, addictions, and resiliency. She has worked as a case manager and program facilitator for several youth correctional facilities; has participated in youth justice committees and other alternative measures programs; and has taught social skills and substance abuse programs to youth at risk. She has also been involved in mentoring and board work. Myles Ferguson (J.D., MA) received his Ph.D. in Applied Social Psychology in 2016. He is a research associate with the Centre for Forensic Behavioural Sciences and Justice Studies at the University of Saskatchewan. Myles has published several reports for various federal and provincial Ministries and departments that address public health and safety, diversity and inclusion issues, justice issues and public policy development.

About the Authors

Paul Gendreau, O.C., Ph.D. is a native of Winnipeg, Manitoba and was raised in Ottawa, Ontario. He began working at Kingston Penitentiary, Ontario in 1961 and has had appointments at several univer­ sities including Trent University (1968­1972), Carleton University (1972­1986), University of Ottawa (1972­1986), and the University of New Brunswick, Saint John (1986­2005). Between 1972­1986 he also worked in Ontario corrections as Chief Psychologist and acted as a consultant on corrections proj­ ects in Jamaica, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada. Between 1986­2005 he was visiting scholar at Edith Cowan (2000) & Griffith (2004) Universities in Australia as well as the University of Cincinnati (1996­1997; 2007­2008). He is currently Professor Emeritus at UNB and a visiting scholar at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte (2010­2012). Dr. Gendreau is a former President of the Canadian Psychological Association and has received numerous awards from CPA, the American Psychological Association, the International Community & Corrections Association, and the Correc­ tional Service Canada (CSC). He has published extensively on “what works” in the assessment and treatment of offenders [also see the CPAI­2010© which has been widely used to evaluate offender treat­ ment programs], program implementation, the effects of prison life, and the use of statistics in knowledge cumulation. In 2007 Dr. Gendreau was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada for achievement and merit of a high degree, especially service to Canada or humanity at large. Claire Goggin, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at St. Thomas University in Fredericton, New Brunswick where she teaches courses in Research Methods and Statistics, Corrections, Psychology of Criminal Behaviour, and Programme Evaluation. Current research interests include offender risk assessment and classification, correctional program evaluation, including the effects of imprisonment, empirical research methodologies and statistics, particularly meta­analysis, and knowledge cumulation and transfer. She has co­authored several articles, book chapters, and conference presentations on the above topics. Kelly Hannah­Moffat is a Professor and Vice Dean Undergraduate at the University of Toronto Missis ­ sauga. She joined the Department of Sociology in 1999. She is cross­appointed to the Centre of Criminology and Socio­legal Studies and is a Massey College Senior Fellow. Professor Hannah­Moffat also worked as a policy advisor for Madame Justice Louise Arbour on the Commission of Inquiry into Certain Events at the Prison for Women in Kingston and was the President of the Toronto Elizabeth Fry Society. She has published numerous articles and books on risk, punishment, parole, gender and diversity, women`s imprisonment, specialized courts, actuarial sentencing and criminal justice deci­ sion­making. Amy Klassen is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Sociology at the University of Toronto. Her research work is on the various ways people with mental illness are governed inside and outside of the criminal justice system. More specifically, her current research includes theoretical understandings of prison resistance, choice, and the conflation of mental illness with disorderly conduct among female prisoners; the use of community treatment orders to manage people with severe mental health issues in community mental health; and the influence of risk­based thinking to prisoner rights. Katharina Maier is an Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Winnipeg. She is particularly interested in people’s experiences of punishment, prisoner re­entry, front­line workers, and community penalties. Her current research examines the role of non­state actors in prisoner re­entry. Katharina’s work has appeared in Theoretical Criminology and Punishment & Society. Aja Jacqueline Manning is a graduate of the Applied Justice Studies Program of Mount Royal Univer­ sity and completed her Master of Science majoring in Criminal Justice through Indiana State University. vi Adult Corrections in Canada

Aja has worked in both non­profit and Government agencies helping develop community programs, social return on investment projects and providing prevention and intervention services to vulnerable children, youths and their families in the Calgary and area region. Aja continues to expand her research in areas of counselling and mindfulness meditation with the focus of future program development for social services and the criminal justice system. Olga Marques is an Assistant Professor (Criminology) at the University of Ontario, Institute of Tech­ nology. Her research interests include the construction, policing and regulation of gendered, sexed and raced bodies, and the inter­relationships between gendered/sexed social norms, social control, and resistance. Her current research projects focus on the impacts of spousal and/or children’s incarceration on mothers; and revenge and non­consensual intimate image dissemination. Lisa Monchalin teaches in the Department of Criminology at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. She is of Algonquin, Métis, Huron, and Scottish descent. Proud of her Indigenous heritage, and driven by personal and family experiences, she is determined to reduce the amount of crime that affects Indige­ nous peoples through education. Lisa is the author of The Colonial Problem: An Indigenous Perspective on Crime and Injustice in Canada (University of Toronto Press, 2016). Amanda Nelund is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at MacEwan University in Edmonton AB. She has published in areas of restorative justice and criminalized women, restorative justice and gendered violence, and public criminology. Her current research focuses on alternative justice responses to sexual violence on post­secondary campuses. Debra Parkes holds the Chair in Feminist Legal Studies in the Peter A. Allard School of Law, Univer­ sity of British Columbia. She teaches and researches in a variety of areas related to constitutional and human rights law with a focus on gender inequality, criminal law, and penal law and policy. She has published widely in these areas and has received funding from the Social Sciences & Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) to study life sentences, to examine mechanisms for oversight and accountability of imprisonment in Canada, and to study experiences of incarceration in Canada. She was Editor­in­Chief of the Canadian Journal of Women and the Law from 2009­2013 and she recently guest edited a special volume of the Canadian Journal of Human Rights on solitary confine­ ment and human rights. Justin Piché is Associate Professor in the Department of Criminology and Director of the Carceral Studies Research Collective at the University of Ottawa. He is also Co­editor of the Journal of Prisoners on Prisons and Co­founder of the Criminalization and Punishment Education Project. Professor Piché has over 50 peer­reviewed publications and more than 200 media appearances in three areas: 1) the construction of new jails and prisons; 2) alternatives to incarceration and punishment, and 3) cultural representations of confinement and penality. Justin was awarded the Aurora Prize in 2012 from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada “for excellence, creativity and originality in research and a deep commitment to sharing knowledge that enriches Canada’s intellectual and cultural life.” He was also the University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Social Sciences Young Researcher of the Year in 2016 “for the importance, and exceptional characteristics of his research work.” He was an organizer of the Fifteenth International Conference on Penal Abolition held on Algonquin Territory in 2014 and is currently involved in a campaign to stop the construction of a bigger jail in Ottawa so that the Government of Ontario reinvests funds currently earmarked for the project towards community supports and building capacity for transformative justice.

vii About the Authors

Rick Ruddell is the Law Foundation of Saskatchewan Chair in Police Studies at the University of Regina. His work has been published extensively in the fields of corrections, juvenile justice, and polic­ ing, and recent books include Oil, Gas, and Crime (Palgrave Macmillan), the third edition of Making Sense of Criminal Justice (Oxford University Press), the second edition of Exploring Criminal Justice in Canada (Oxford University Press) and the forthcoming Corrections: A Critical Examination (Rout­ ledge). Rosemary (Rose) Ricciardelli, Ph.D., is a Professor of Sociology, the Coordinator for Criminology, and Co­Coordinator for Police Studies at Memorial University of Newfoundland. She is an Associate Director of the Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment (CIPSRT) and Correctional Services Sector Lead. Beyond her position as Senior Research Fellow with Correctional Services Canada, she has new affiliations and appointments at Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute. She has published over 70 journal articles, 25 chapters and over 150 presentations and invited talks, all in a range of academic journals including the British Journal of Criminology, Punishment & Society, Sex Roles, and Theoretical Criminology. She has authored three edited collections and five monographs (2 of which are forthcoming). Her research interests include gender and experiences and issues within different facets of the criminal justice system. Her current research looks at prisons, desistance from crime, and the mental health and lived experiences of pris­ oners, prison officers, and police officers. Her sources of ongoing research funding include Correctional Services Canada, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Insti­ tute of Health Research (CIHR), and the 2018 Canadian Federal Budget. Paula Smith, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati. Her research interests include offender classification and assessment, correctional rehabil­ itation, psychological effects of incarceration, program implementation and evaluation, transfer of knowledge to practitioners and policymakers, and meta­analysis. She is the co­author of Corrections in the Community and has also authored more than thirty journal articles and book chapters. Dr. Smith has directed numerous federal and state­funded research projects, including studies of prisons, commu­ nity­based correctional programs, juvenile drug courts, probation and parole departments, and mental health services. Furthermore, she has been involved in evaluations of more than 280 correctional programs throughout the United States. In addition to her research experience, Dr. Smith has consid­ erable experience working with various offender populations, including juvenile offenders, sex offenders, and perpetrators of domestic violence. Currently, she provides training and technical assis­ tance to criminal justice agencies throughout the United States and Canada. Derek Spencer is an Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Winnipeg. He researches criminal law, with a particular focus on sentencing. His Master of Laws thesis was a ground­ breaking exploration of Protecting Canadians by Ending Sentence Discounts for Multiple Murders Act. Articles adapted from his thesis have been published in leading criminal law journals. In 2018, Professor Spencer was awarded the University of Winnipeg Faculty of Arts Excellence in Research Award for his judicially cited comparative law study of the Multiple Murders Act. Kevin Walby is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice and Chancellor’s Research Chair at the Univer­ sity of Winnipeg, Canada. He has authored or co­authored articles in British Journal of Criminology, Qualitative Inquiry, Qualitative Research, Punishment & Society, Policing & Society, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, Criminology and Criminal Justice, Surveillance & Society, and more. He is the author of Touching Encounters: Sex, Work, and Male­for­Male Internet Escorting (2012, University of Chicago Press). He is a co­author with R. Lippert of Municipal Corporate Security viii Adult Corrections in Canada in International Context (2015, Routledge). He is co­editor of Access to Information and Social Justice with J. Brownlee (2015, ARP Books) and The Handbook of Prison Tourism with J. Wilson, S. Hodgkin­ son, and J. Piche (2017, Palgrave). He is co­editor of National Security, Surveillance, and Terror: Canada and Australia in Comparative Perspective with R. Lippert, I. Warren and D. Palmer (2017, Palgrave). He is co­editor of the Journal of Prisoners on Prisons as well as book review editor for Surveillance & Society and Security Journal. Michael Weinrath is Professor and Past Chair of Criminal Justice and Director of the Justice Research Institute at the University of Winnipeg. He recently published Behind the Walls: Inmates and Correc­ tional Officers on the State of Canadian Prisons (2016, UBC). His research recently has focused on procedural justice in corrections, problem­solving courts, adult and youth intensive supervision proba­ tion programs and prison­based therapeutic communities. His current projects include a study of police decision making on diversion and restorative justice referrals and the relationship between the prison environment and prisoner misconduct. Tim Williams is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Public Safety & Justice Studies at MacEwan University. He has 19 years of professional experience in community corrections and has worked as a parole officer and halfway house manager. He has also held positions as the vice president of the Alberta Criminal Justice Association and as an Outside Review Board Chair, investigating inmate grievances at federal institutions. His current research and teaching interests include risk assessment, correctional interventions, and institutional subcultures. Andrew Woolford is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Manitoba. He is author of ‘This Benevolent Experiment’: Indigenous Boarding Schools, Genocide and Redress in the United States and Canada (2015), The Politics of Restorative Justice (2009), and Between Justice and Certainty: Treaty­Making in British Columbia (2005), as well as co­author of Informal Reckonings: Conflict Reso­ lution in Mediation, Restorative Justice, and Reparations (2005). He is co­editor of Canada and Colonial Genocide (2017), The Idea of a Human Rights Museum (2015), and Colonial Genocide in Indigenous North America (2014). He is currently working on two community­based research projects with residential school Survivors: 1) Embodying Empathy, which will design, build, and test a virtual Indian Residential School to serve as a site of knowledge mobilization and empathy formation; and 2) Remembering Assiniboia, which focuses on the commemoration of the Assiniboia Residential School. J. Stephen Wormith is a Professor in the Psychology Department at the University of Saskatchewan (U of S) and Director of the Centre of Forensic Behavioural Science and Justice Studies, which is also at U of S. Previously, he was Psychologist­in­Chief for the Ontario Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services. He is a Fellow of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA). He co­authored the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (2004) with D. A. Andrews and J. Bonta and partic­ ipates internationally in research and training on risk assessment. He is on the editorial board of Criminal Justice and Behavior, Psychological Services and the Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice. He is also on the Board of Directors of the International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology (IACFP). Dr. Wormith’s research activities have concentrated on the assess­ ment and treatment of offenders. He consults with provincial and federal government departments and serves as an expert witness on matters of offender assessment and treatment. John Winterdyk was the first Director of the Centre for Criminology and Justice Research (CCJR) at Mount Royal University (2009­2012). He is also an Adjunct Professor at St. Thomas University (Fred ­ ericton, New Brunswick), University of Regina (Regina, Saskatchewan), and the Polytechnic in

ix About the Authors

Namibia (Windhoek, Namibia). He is also a Visiting Scholar at KIIT University in Bhubaneswar, India. He has published extensively in the areas of youth justice, human trafficking, international criminal justice, and criminological theory. To date, he has authored and(co)edited some 30 textbooks and is currently working on a new young offenders book (OUP) as well as a new edition of his Introduction to Criminology textbook (OUP), and is co­Editor in Chief of a Handbook on Human Trafficking (Palgrave). Current areas of research interest include identity theft, corrections, human trafficking, teen courts, and crime prevention.

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