SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market

Harry Mason - Director Industry Marketing, LSI Corporation Marty Czekalski - Interface & Emerging Architecture Program Manager, Seagate Technology SNIA Legal Notice

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SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) allows systems to be built that accommodates large numbers of either SAS and/or SATA hard disk drives. This presentation, intended for OEM, System Builders and End-Users, describes the capabilities of the SAS interface, how it’s designed to interoperate with SATA drives and when combined, how these technologies can be combined to deliver some very compelling storage solutions.

Evolution:

- Replaces Ultra320 - Preserves Legacy SCSI Software - Renews the SCSI Roadmap - Continues the Market Transition to CPU Serial Interfaces

Interface

Storage

Preserve Customer Choice Cost Equivalence Legacy SCSI w/SCSI Plug Compatible Multi-protocol

Preserves 20+ Years Every-unit-Item of SCSI Middleware Economics

3.5” & 2.5” Form Factors Wide-Ports

Reliability ●Dual-ported 1000’s of ●Point-to-Point Connections Future Scalable Performance Architected SAS and SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market 5 © 2009 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. Blind Mating and Hot Pluggable

SATA Disk Connectors:

• Suitable for Both 3.5” and 2.5” Storage Devices

• Includes data and voltage connections Vcc Enclosure Drive • Hot-Pluggable (staggered pins) Staged Power • Blind Mating Vcc

~3msec

Data Voltage Pins Rx Tx 3.3V 5V R 12V Key

Grounds

Disk Drive Connectors SAS Connector Flip Side

Port B SATA

SAS Backplane Connector SAS ☻ Pluggable Accommodates both SAS & SATA Drives

E n t e r p r i s e A p p l i c a t i o n s (2 0 0 8 -2 0 12 ) A l l F o r m -F a c t o r s b y I n t e r f a c e

60 50 40 FC (M’s) SCSI 30 SAS 20 SATA FC/SAS <10K RPM 10 0 Source:IDC 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

A significant percentage of SATA in the enterprise will be deployed on SAS SAS and SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market 8 © 2009 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. Storage Growth & Innovation Drives Customer Choices

Prevailing wisdom: Storage Consolidation was accomplished through networked storage solutions (NAS and SAN)

Virtualization & Live Migration drive Networked Storage

Virtualization

Networked Attached Direct Storage Attached Storage Application Intelligence

Application intelligence driving applications back to DAS to reduce cost and complexity

Applications gaining intelligence Applications growing new capabilities without requiring SAN storage model High-availability clustering through application based local replication Disaster recovery through application based remote replication Greater performance through tight integration with storage subsystems Messaging Applications: Reduced I/O load profile reduces per user spindle count requirements, Reduce costs and/or enabling greater per server capabilities (user count/mailbox size) Clustering techniques, like Cluster Continuous Replication (CCR) and Standby Continuous Replication (SCR), enable robust fault-tolerant deployments for DAS deployments

New DAS technologies are more powerful than ever Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) and Serial Attached ATA (SATA) deliver a new level of performance and cost Improved application architectures coupled with these interfaces, improves economics of storage Reduced latency important for SSDs SAS based storage deliver high performance and high capacity storage for messaging deployments. SAS JBODs coupled with CCR and SRC capabilities, deliver a new level of price performance for messaging environments

DAS deployments SAN & NAS deployments (Drive Interfaces by volume) (Drive interfaces by volume) 2001 approximately 70% approximately 30% (SCSI, P-ATA) (FC, SCSI, P-ATA)

2007 approximately 70% approximately 30% (SAS, SCSI, SATA) (FC, SAS, SATA)

2013 TBD % TBD % (6Gb/s SAS, SATA) (6Gb/s SAS, SATA) Application Intelligence, Virtualization Market Price, Power, Performance Ease of Use Drivers DAS & S/W Improvements Pervasive Networks Flash

Performance

Density (power) Compelling Solutions Scalability

Performance Wide-Port (x4) yields Each SAS Link (Rx and Tx) 48Gb/s Full Duplex! 3Gb/s Æ 6Gb/s (full-duplex) 6Gb/s Æ 12Gb/s (full-duplex)

Wide Ports Combine SAS links (6Gb/s SAS) 2 ports – 24Gb/s (full duplex) 4 ports – 48Gb/s (full-duplex)

Concurrency Brings Higher Performance Multiple concurrent I/O’s (lots of drives operating concurrently)

Theoretical Bandwidth DOUBLES with 6Gb/s SAS!

Density 35

30 25

20 (M’s) 2.5" 15 3.5" 10 5 Source: IDC 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

SAS: Enterprise Form Factor Transition

Density SAS & Small Form Factor (SFF) SFF increases density Scale & expand in same space Ideal for Blade System Deployment SFF Drives Consume 50% less Power than 3.5” counterparts Save on volatile energy costs Growth without pulling in extra power drops Lower heat loads & air-conditioning costs at equivalent performance – Caution – Power per rack can still increase due to density increase Higher Performance and Potentially Lower Cost Multiple concurrent I/O’s (lots of drives operating concurrently) Lower TCO through common infrastructure Additional Advantages RAID 5 or 6 on a 1U server Improved Hard Disk Drive reliability SAS & SATA Drives in Common Drive Carrier

Density

InfiniBand Style Mini SAS 4X Connector SAS 4X Connector

Density Expand Your DAS Capabilities

SAS and/or Controller

Cascaded SAS Cables Enclosures

Density

Up to 160 SAS Links per 1u Rack!

SATA/SAS Cable External & Internal Highly Scalable Architecture VS Parallel SAS 1.1 Mini SAS Connectivity and Bandwidth (4x & 4i) Dramatically Improves Connectivity, Density & Airflow

Scalability 1st Gen SAS Discovery Vendor Unique Zoning Limited to 128 Discovery Executed by Initiator end-devices Complicated large topologies Serial Attached SCSI or SATA disk drives Problematic for zoning (Targets) Hosts Expanders 2nd Gen SAS Discovery (Initiators) Standardized Zoning Expanded to 1K Discovery executed by SAS Expanders Reduces time to discover large topologies Enables zoning of the topology Allows table-to-table routing

Enables Richer SAS Topologies

Scalability

SAS Expander Complex (internal view)

SAS HBAs

Various JBODs w

SAS Expander Complex (packaged view)

Scalability / = Universal Connection (required at both end points) = IN – Connects to universal or OUT port

= OUT – Connects to Universal or IN port

JBOD Enclosure JBOD Enclosure

Server Server

SAS SAS HBA SAS SAS Expander Expander HBA

/ IN OUT IN OUT / End Device End Device

Solutions 8 - 2.5” Drives

Sees a total of 16 drives Green 2 is Zone 1 8 - 2.5” Drives 4

2 Sees a total of 20 drives 4

12 - 3.5” Drives Red 4 is Zone 2 SAS Expander(s)

Performance Low Cost Distance Fibre Channel X X GbE iSCSI X X 10 GbE iSCSI X X SAS X X

Significant market segment underserved by SAN alternatives Same room, modest scale (to few 10s of server & storage endpoints) Compliments Application Intelligence and Application Messaging Enhances Clustered Applications

Solutions Shareable DAS RAID Array Drive Expansion

Blade Storage Mid-plane I/F

Blade Server Raleigh Blade Server Raleigh LSI Blade Server External SAS1064 Raleigh LSI Blade ServerDaughter Card Storage SAS1064 Raleigh LSI Blade ServerDaughter Card SAS1064 Raleigh LSI Blade ServerDaughter Card SAS1064 LSI LSI LSI Raleigh LSI SASx36 Blade ServerDaughter Card SASSAS1068 ROC SAS1064 SASx36 Raleigh LSI RAID Ctlr Lower Blade ServerDaughter Card SAS1064 Higher Raleigh LSI SAS Switch Blade ServerDaughter Card SAS1064 Cost Raleigh LSI Blade ServerDaughter Card Bandwidth SAS1064 Raleigh LSI LSI LSI Blade ServerDaughter Card SAS1064 SASx36 Raleigh LSI SASSAS1068 ROC Blade ServerDaughter Card SAS1064 LSI RAID Ctlr Raleigh LSI Blade ServerDaughter Card SASx36 SAS1064 Raleigh LSI Blade ServerDaughter Card SAS1064 LSI SAS Switch Daughter Card SAS1064 SASLSI Daughter Card controllerSAS1064 Daughter Card

Solutions System Components One Quad-Core processor PCI-Express 2.0 Performance 3 – 6Gb/s SAS Controllers 30 Drives – (2.5” 6Gb/s 15K Iometer Throughput Benchmarks RPM, JBOD) 2KB sequential read or write Workstation motherboard – 1,000,000 IOPs using latest CPU & chipset Windows 2003 256KB sequential read or write – 6.5 GB/s

Demonstrates the extremely high i7 throughput available with standard high-volume components

High Capacity SAS - Simplifies SAS Architecture SAS interface on High Capacity Drives, 2 TB and higher Architecturally more efficient, Improves Enterprise System Integrity Minimizes impact of Multi-host emulation 6Gb/s SAS - Double transfer rate Decision Feedback Equalization Improves 6Gb/s Signaling Data Integrity Initiative (DII) Expander Zoning Spread spectrum clocking Multiplexing (Optional) Solid State Disks (SSD) Random performance improves read performance (10x to 100x) Early stages of market adoption Leverages existing middleware infrastructure High demonstrated performance with further optimizations expected Connectivity Roadmap

Drive market consistency Simplify cable and connector options Provide managed connectivity standards Provide converged high-density connectivity Provide active copper solution to 20m Provide optical solution to 100m Support 6Gb/s SAS deployments Extensible to 12Gb/s SAS deployments

SAS-1/SAS 1.0 SAS-2 SAS 2.1 SAS-3 Unmanaged

Managed * QSFP Optical 100 Meters (SFF-8436) Mini-SASMini-SAS HD (SFF-8643) HD Available (SFF-8643/8644) Suitable options, generally Optical (x4 & x8) acknowledged as short term solutions 20 Meters for “homogeneous” Active Copper (x4 & x8) deployments. Mini-SAS (SFF-8088) Active Copper Available - (6Gb/s Limit)

Passive Copper (x4 & x8) 6-10 Meters

IB Mini-SAS (SFF-8088) •Based upon (SFF-8470) QSFP management scheme supported within SFF

T10 (Serial Attached SCSI Spec development) http://www.t10.org SCSI Trade Association http://www.scsita.org Serial Storage Wire http://www.serialstoragewire.com SATA I/O http://www.sata-io.org

Please send any questions or comments on this presentation to SNIA: [email protected]

Many thanks to the following individuals for their contributions to this tutorial. SNIA Education Committee

SCSI Trade Association (STA) Marty Czekalski SATA I/O Working Group David So Rich Johnson Howie Goldstein Chris Lionetti Joe White Jay Neer Bruce Grieshaber Tom Hammond-Doel Nancy Clay