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Marty Czekalski Vice President, Director – SCSI Trade Association Technical Marketing Manager – Maxtor Corporation

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Marty Czekalski Vice President, Director – SCSI Trade Association Technical Marketing Manager – Maxtor Corporation Marty Czekalski Vice President, Director – SCSI Trade Association Technical Marketing Manager – Maxtor Corporation 1 SerialSerial AttachedAttached SCSISCSI • Serial Attached SCSI is the next evolution of SCSI beyond U320 • SAS has been designed to be a device and near cabinet interface only, not a network interface • Leverages an enhanced Serial ATA PHY while adding support for a second port • Serial SCSI utilizes features of Fibre Channel AND compatibility with SATA drives in a point-to-point, switched architecture ¾ Up to 16k physical links per domain in a switched, point-to-point configuration for scalable performance. ¾ Scalability with wide ports and future speed increases ¾ Data frame based on FCP ¾ Includes rate matching to optimize device transfer speeds ¾ World wide name addressing ¾ Uses a simplified protocol that will minimize interoperability issues between controllers & drives ¾ Dual port drives for high availability 2 IndustryIndustry AdoptionAdoption TimelineTimeline Serial Attached SCSI Spec Serial Attached SCSI Serial Attached SCSI Serial Attached SCSI Transferred to Product Test and Product T10 Design Integration Availability 2002 2003 2004 Interoperability Testing & Plugfests Serial Attached SCSI Specification Serial Attached SCSI Letter Ballot v1.0 Specification Complete • Twenty-six companies have come together since August 2001 to develop a new industry standard addressing customer’s enterprise needs • SCSI Trade Association has assumed ownership of SAS marketing. • Specification transferred to T10 in May 2002 • Specification sent to letter ballot on Nov. 22, 2002. ¾ Letter ballot closed and approved with comments on Dec. 22, 2002 ¾ Editorial Board working to resolve comments. 3 SerialSerial AttachedAttached SCSISCSI TopologyTopology Serial Attached SCSI or SATA disk drives Expanders (Targets) Hosts (Initiators) 4 TechnologyTechnology ComparisonComparison Serial ATA •Serial Attached Fibre Channel AL •SCSI Half-duplex •Full-duplex with Full Duplex •Link Aggregation •(Wide ports) Performance •1.5 Gb/sec 3.0 Gb/sec(at intro.) 2.0 Gb/sec •(3.0 Gb/s announced) (6.0 Gb/s planned) (4Gb/s announced) •1m internal cable >6m external cable >15m external cable Connectivity •One device >128 devices 127 devices •(fan-out devices Expanders Loop or loop switch •demonstrated) (16k Phys. max) SATA only SAS and SATA Fibre Channel only •Single-port HDDs Dual-port HDDs Dual-port HDDs Availability Single-host Multi-initiator Multi-initiator Point to point Point to point Shared media or point to point •Driver •Software transparent •Software transparent •Software transparent •Model •with Parallel ATA •with SCSI •with SCSI 5 PHYsPHYs andand LinksLinks Phy Phy Physical link transmitter receiver -Signal Differential signal pair +Signal Links are full duplex differential pair connections receiver transmitter -Signal Differential signal pair +Signal Narrow link Physical link Port phy phy Port Wide link Physical link One or more links can be phy phy configured to be a port Wide port Wide port Physical link phy phy Each horizontal line represents a differential signal pair 6 DifferentDifferent Port,Port, PhyPhy,, andand LinkLink ConfigurationsConfigurations • Devices can have one or more Device Device ports, each configured as HDD Port phy phy Port narrow or wide ports • Initiator to expander links Device Exp. may be composed of multiple phy phy links Wide port Wide port • Aggregates bandwidth phy phy • One initiator address shared Exp. Device by all the links phy phy •Command sent down one link; data may be returned on Wide port Wide port Host another (in a separate phy phy connection) Each horizontal line represents a differential signal pair 7 MultipleMultiple PathwaysPathways AllowAllow ConcurrentConcurrent OperationOperation 2 Link wide port 2 Link wide port Initiator device Expander device Target device Expander port Expander A A port Phy Target Initiator Phy Phy Phy port port Subsystem Phy Phy Phy C Phy B Target device Target Expander Phy HDD Host Phy port C Phy Phy port B Target device Target Phy Phy Expander D port HDD port Phy Phy D Initiator Expander port port Target device E E Phy Phy Phy Phy Target Expander port port Subsystem F Phy Phy Phy Phy F SAS port X X Connection 2 Link wide port 4 Link wide port Single physical link 8 MaximumMaximum ExpanderExpander DeviceDevice TopologyTopology Up to 128 Phys per Edge Expander (subtractive routing) Fanout Expander Up to 128 Phys (routing tables) Expanders per Fanout Expander 9 ExpanderExpander DeviceDevice TopologyTopology Up to 128 Phys per Edge Expander Up to 128 Phys per Fanout Expander 10 TwoTwo EdgeEdge ExpandersExpanders Up to 128 Phys per Edge Expander A maximum of two Edge Expanders can be connected without the use of a Fanout Expander 11 EdgeEdge ExpanderExpander SetsSets Initial implementations Up to 128 Phys Per Edge Expander Set are expected to support 40-80 devices per “Edge Expander Set” Edge Expander Set Edge Expander Device To facilitate cost effective Edge Edge implementations, Edge Expander Expander Device Device Expanders can be comprised of multiple devices in an ‘Edge Expander Set” 12 SASSAS HostHost AdapterAdapter ProtocolProtocol LayersLayers SCSI application ATA application Management application layer layer layer Commands Firmware One transport Transfer of SSP transport layer STP transport layer SMP transport layer layer per Commands (ST) (TT) (MT) protocol Connection SAS port layer (PL) to a link SSP link layer STP link layer SMP link layer Establishing (SSP) (STP) (SMP) Hardware and maintaining connections, Digital Logic SAS Port Control (PC) SAS Port Control (PC) transferring SASSAS link layerPort Control(SL) (PC) frames on a link SAS phy layer (SP) Encoding, bit High Speed Phy ordering Analog SAS port One or more phys per SAS port Physical: SAS device One or more SAS ports per SAS device Signaling & connectors13 TypicalTypical SASSAS ConfigurationConfiguration Internal (PCI-X’s, PCI Express, HyperTransport, etc.) or External (FC, iSCSI, Infiniband, SAS, etc.) SAS RAID SAS RAID Controller Controller Wide Ports (typ. 4 wide) SAS Expanders SAS Expanders Edge expanders typ. enclosed in JBOD SAS Fanout expander for large configurations Drive SAS Drive SATA Drive SATA 2 Port to single port adapter Drive 14 Phys,Phys, Links,Links, Protocols,Protocols, ExpandersExpanders •Phy ¾ Cables, Connectors, and Backplanes ¾ Link rates ¾ Out of Band signaling ¾ Encoding •Link ¾ Primitives ¾ Scrambling ¾ Wide and narrow links ¾ Connections ¾ Rate matching • Protocols and Expanders ¾ SMP (Expander Management) ¾ SSP (SAS) ¾ STP (SATA) 15 SATASATA ConnectorsConnectors && PlacementsPlacements Appearance of Serial ATA Connectors Device Connector Sizes and Locations (Drawing courtesy of Molex) Device side connector Serial 2.5” power data Serial ATA Interface Connector Serial Serial ATA 3.5” Power Connector power data Legacy Power (vendor specific) Parallel 3.5” Host side connector parallel ATA data 4-pin power Note: SATA defines the exact connector location on a drive, AND, the connector location is identical between 2.5” & 3.5” HDDs 16 SASSAS BackplaneBackplane ConnectorConnector acceptsaccepts bothboth SATASATA andand SASSAS drivesdrives (Drawing courtesy of Molex) SAS Port 1 SAS Backplane Connector Power SAS Port 2 (on backside) Power SATA/ Power SAS Port 2 SAS Port 1 SATA Port Note: SATA backplane connectors Will NOT accept SAS drives 17 PhysicalPhysical -- SASSAS externalexternal environmentenvironment External cabled SAS external cable plug environment connectors (4 physical links) SAS device SAS device SAS external cable SAS external receptacle (1 to 4 physical links) SAS external receptacle connector (4 physical links) connector (4 physical links) (SAS external cable connects Tx to Rx on each physical link) 18 PhysicalPhysical -- LinkLink ratesrates • SAS will be introduced at 3Gbit/sec ¾ Devices will also support 1.5Gbit/sec • SATA rates supported ¾ 1.5 Gbit/sec ¾ 3.0 Gbit/sec (targeted) • Auto-detect link rate during ALIGNs after COMWAKE 19 OutOut--ofof--bandband (OOB)(OOB) signalingsignaling • SATA out of band (OOB) special patterns (“signals”) ¾ Signals are sent after power-up to initialize the link ¾ Signal is a burst of ALIGN primitives, then idle time; repeated 6 times ¾ Detected by squelch detector and frequency comparators • SATA’s COMRESET, COMINIT, and COMWAKE signals are unchanged • COMSAS signal added ¾ Inserted after calibration sequence before COMWAKE ¾ Initiator: SAS (SSP and/or STP) ¾ Target: SAS protocol (SSP) ¾ Expander: always asserted (not present on SATA initiator-target)) • If both sides assert COMSAS, then the link is a SAS link rather than a SATA link 20 OutOut ofof BandBand SignalingSignaling (OOB)(OOB) • Out of band signals are slow speed bursts used to initialize a link SATA phy does not respond to COMSAS COM SAS phy A starts SAS OOB sequence WAKE COMINIT COMSAS COMINIT COMSAS Phy A Tx/ X Phy A Tx/ Phy B Rx Phy B Rx A Step 1 Step 3 Step 4 COMSAS Time=0 Detect Time=z Time=0 Time=z Step 2 Timeout If drive does NOT Phy A Rx/ Phy A Rx/ X B Phy B Tx generate a Phy B Tx If drive COMSAS burst COMINIT COMINIT COMSAS generates SATA phy responds to COMSAS with COMINIT COMBSATA Drive SAS phy B start SAS OOB sequence COMINIT COMSAS COMSAS COMINIT COMSAS WAKE BSAS Drive Phy A Tx/ Phy A Tx/ A X Phy B Rx Phy B Rx Step 1 Step 3 Step 5 COMSAS Time=0 Time=z Detect Timeout Phy A Rx/ Time=0 Time=z B Step 2 Step 4 Phy B Tx Phy A Rx/ X COMINIT COMSAS Phy B Tx A : SAS A Power-on COMINIT COMINIT B : SAS B Power-on X : Power-on Time 0: SAS phy reset sequence
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