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Family historians seek connections The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections On the cover M. Teresa Baer • Managing Editor between themselves and their ancestors. Rachel M. Popma • Contract Editor Buffalo created some of the first roads in THG: Connections weaves richly colored Chelsea Sutton • Contract Editor Christina R. Bunting • Contract Editor Kentucky, Indiana, and . historic threads with rare source Callie McCune • Intern, IHS Press Kimberly E. Hunter • Intern, IHS Press Page 35 material, family records, and expert Kathleen M. Breen • Contributing Editor E. Boomhower • Contributing Editor guidance to connect readers with their Stacy Simmer • Art Direction and Design ancestors’ lives. Cory Wright • Page Layout Susan Sutton • Photography Coordinator David H. Turk • Photographer Printing Partners • Printer Advisory Board Wanda Y. Fortune, Co-Chair, Curt B. Witcher, Co-Chair, C. Lloyd Hosman, Knightstown Sharon Howell, Greenwood Patricia K. Johnson, Elkhart The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections (ISSN 1054-2175) is published biannually and distributed as a benefit of membership by the Indiana Historical Society Press; editorial and executive offices, 450 West Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3269. Membership categories include student $20, Senior $40, Individual/Organization $50, Household $65, and Sustaining $100. Non-Profit U.S. postage paid at Indianapolis, Indiana; Permit Number 3864. Literary con- tributions: Guidelines containing information for contributions are available upon request or on the Indiana Historical Society website, www.indianahistory.org. THG: Connections accepts no responsibility for unsolicited manuscripts submitted without return postage. The Press will refer requests from other publishers to the author. ©2013 Indiana Historical Society Press. All rights reserved. Printed on acid- free paper in the of America. Postmaster: Please send address changes to The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections, Indiana Historical Society Press, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center, 450 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3269. The Indiana Historical Society library is an associate member of the Federation of Genealogical Societies.

Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center 450 West Ohio Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3269 www.indianahistory.org Phone: (317) 232-1882 Fax: (317) 233-0857 Contents THE HOOSIER GENEALOGIST: CONNECTIONS SPRING/SUMMER 2013, VOLUME 53, ISSUE 1

Features 4 “Our Own Educated Sons and Daughters” Indiana’s Teachers and Common Schools in the Last Half of the Nineteenth Century BY GENEIL BREEZE

4 12 the Courthouse A Road Map for Land Research, Part 1 The Functions and Records of County Offices Prescribe Successful Research Methodologies BY KEVIN COMBS

4 Departments Regional Sources and Stories

Northern Indiana 15 6 23 court Papers Abstracts of Legal Documents for Allen, Fulton, Grant, Howard, Jasper, Miami, Noble, Wabash, Wells, and White Counties in the Barnes Manuscripts Collection, 1854–1920 BY WENDY L. ADAMS AND KIMBERLY E. HUNTER

Central Indiana 29 community News 23 Marriages from Putnam County Newspapers Part 2: July through December 1881 BY RUTH DORREL AND CHRISTINA R. BUNTING

Southern Indiana 35 one Path West The Buffalo Trace from the Falls of the Ohio to Vincennes, Indiana BY ELIZABETH FLYNN Genealogy Across Indiana From the Collections 41 hoosier Baptists 57 indiana’s Historic Newspapers Part 3: Missionary Associations, 1823–Present Access Indiana’s Newspapers through a Installment 3: Coffee Creek Association, Abbot–Knox Collaborative Project by the Indiana BY TIMOTHY MOHON Historical Society and Newspaper Archive BY SUZANNE HAHN Family Records 62 Notices 50 marie Ester Brandt’s Diaries Indiana Historical Society Programs, Around A Hanover, Indiana, Resident Writes about Family, Indiana, National News, and Books Received War, and Life in the Mid-Nineteenth Century BY CALLIE MCCUNE AND CHELSEA SUTTON 32 35 50 “Our Own Educated Sons and Daughters” Indiana’s Teachers and Common Schools in the Last Half of the Nineteenth Century

Ge en il Breeze

I have [accepted?] Mr Vernon’s proposition to become a teacher—I synonymous with ignorance. In 1833 Caleb Mills came to Indiana waited some time thinking to receive your advice on the subject— to teach at the newly formed Wabash having intimated in a former letter to you that Mr Vernon wished me Manual Labor College and Teachers’ to teach—I fully expected your answere before this—but receiving Seminary (now Wabash College). The twenty-seven-year-old Mills was born none I made my own arrangement wiht [sic] him and agreed to begin in New Hampshire and graduated from operations next Monday.1 Dartmouth College and Andover Theo- logical Seminary in Massachusetts. Mills brought his new bride, Sarah (Marshall) Thus writes Aurora Koehler (1846– in education by requiring the General Mills, and his New England ideals about 1928) in a letter to her mother dated Assembly to organize a “‘system of education to the still untamed Indiana April 11, 1867, as she embarks on her education, ascending in a regular grada- frontier.4 more than thirty-year teaching career tion, from township schools to a state What Mills observed while teaching that began in the small country schools university, wherein tuition shall be gratis, at Wabash prompted him to present of Jefferson County, Indiana, and which and equally open to all,’” it qualified this a series of six addresses to the Indiana ultimately led her to the plains of South lofty goal with the critical phrase “‘as State Legislature. Originally published Dakota. The next year, her younger sister soon as circumstances will permit.’”2 in the Indiana State Journal, spanning Septima Koehler (1848–1918) follows in The earliest Indiana settlers un- the years 1846–1852, he signed the Aurora’s footsteps and secures a posi- derstandably focused their energies addresses “One of the People.” In his tion for herself in a large school in North almost entirely on the physical struggles articles Mills decried the alarming state Madison, Jefferson County, Indiana. inherent to living in a wilderness. Keep- of public education in Indiana. In 1840 The story of public education in ing a roof over their heads, clothes on one-seventh of Indiana’s adult popula- Indiana and of the men and women their backs, and food in their bellies tion was illiterate. By 1850 the illiteracy who taught in its schools is complex and while avoiding conflict with the Native rate had increased to one in five. Indiana colorful, full of fits and starts, exciting Americans who already inhabited the had fallen behind surrounding states. For leaps forward and frustrating setbacks. area garnered top priority. The land was instance, in Ohio one in every eighteen The Koehler sisters are just two of the sparsely settled, with towns and neigh- adults was illiterate; and in many whose lives illustrate the issues borhoods few and far between. In the only one in forty-four adults was illiterate.5 and challenges that faced early Indiana early days, education was seen by many In his six addresses, Mills proposed teachers and students alike. Hoosiers as the family’s or the church’s a system of improvement, including In the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 responsibility; the schools that did exist raising money for schools through taxes; the U.S. Congress had designated that were decentralized and disorganized. improving the training, supervision, and the proceeds from section sixteen of At the same time, Indiana’s legislature working conditions of teachers; pro- every congressional township be used largely ignored educational issues until viding proper textbooks for students; for the support of common schools. the 1830s and 1840s.3 Thus, it is not arousing public interest to support good Although the 1816 Indiana State Con- surprising that in those early decades schools; creating the office of state stitution expressed support and interest of statehood the name “Hoosier” was

4 THG: CONNECTIONS superintendent; and improving higher There was no uniformity in length education.6 Mills’s addresses sparked of school term nor when the term was discussion and debate among the gen- taught. In 1854 the average length of a eral population and among lawmakers school term in Indiana was about two at the 1850–1851 state constitutional and a half months, but there were often convention. Ultimately, the school law wide variations, even within a single of 1852 was passed, which mandated township.10 statewide taxes for the support of public After the Civil War Indiana began to schools and created the office of super- make some progress in school improve- intendent of public instruction.7 ment. The legislature passed a law in However, the challenges were still 1867 enabling cities, towns, and town- far from over. Even though a tax was ships to levy taxes for school funds. It mandated, money was still tight and was not until 1885, however, that the confusion surrounded the 1852 law as law was finally upheld as constitutional. officials struggled to understand the The General Assembly also prioritized role of the townships versus the role of student environment and comfort the state in raising funds. The law was including lighting, heat, and ventila- Aurora Koehler in 1896 at age fifty. She revised in 1854 to prevent townships tion after the war. Larger communities taught her first school in Jefferson County from levying taxes. The Indiana Supreme started building large stone or brick in 1867 at age twenty-one. (Hutchings– Court decision of 1858 cemented the school buildings.11 Koehler Papers, M 0152, IHS) blow to local schools, ruling that it was The average length of school terms unconstitutional for cities and towns to also increased. In 1866 a school term levy taxes for support of schools and was only sixty-eight days; by 1879 it had that doing so violated the principle of doubled. The 1861 legislature stipulated uniformity in schools. With local sources that all schools within the same town- of funding discontinued, some fledgling ship must be taught the same length of schools closed. 8 time, but there continued to be varia- Funds for teacher salaries posed tions from the average. On the other a particular problem. In 1853 male hand, during these years enrollment teachers earned less than $18 per increased dramatically—from less than month on average and women teach- 50 percent of school-aged persons en- ers less than $10 on average. In 1854 rolled in 1863 to more than 70 percent the amounts rose to $24 for men and by 1880.12 $16 for women. The condition of school During this time of Indiana’s evolv- buildings throughout the state was ing school system, Aurora and Septima another problem that called for funding. Koehler were growing up in southeast- In 1853 the new State Superintendent ern Indiana. They were daughters of of Public Instruction William C. Larrabee German immigrant Herman A. Koehler, reported that some townships had no a confectioner who came to the United Often called the father of Indiana’s school school buildings at all, while others had States about 1818 and eventually settled system, Caleb Mills (1806–1879) was a “‘a few old, leaky, dilapidated log cabins, in Scott or Jefferson County in Indiana. New-England-born educator who brought wholly unfit for use even in summer, Biographical information on Koehler his philosophies and ideals about public and in winter worse than nothing.’” He family members is sketchy. Their names education to Indiana in 1833. He was the determined at least 3,500 buildings are not easily found in census records. first faculty member of what is now Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana, and was were needed to educate Indiana’s young The Hutchings–Koehler Family Papers, the second state superintendent of public 9 population. 1699–1916, housed in the Indiana instruction from 1854 to 1857. (W. H. Bass Historical Society’s William H. Smith Photo Company Collection, P 0130, IHS)

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Memorial Library tells much of their son, Indiana. In a letter dated simply A last greeting to the Trustees of and story largely through correspondence “Winter 1863” she writes: the Teachers in this Seminary. Much and a few journals. By the 1860s the At School, Wednesday are we indebted to you kind friends, Koehlers are centered in the communi- My dear smart Mother for your zeal in the cause of educa- ties of Manville and Madison in Jefferson I want to see you so much. You are tion. . . . May your efforts to enlighten County. Envelopes addressed to Aurora never absent from my mind. I think of and elevate the female mind be and Septima at Manville can be found in you, always at night, when I retire, I crowned with success. . . . the collection as well as tax receipts of miss your good night kiss. And when To you most worthy Instructors Herman Koehler from Milton Township, sleep closes my eyes, I dream of is due our most heartfelt gratitude, where the town of Manville is located, home and my Mother is again beside insomuch as you have led us with suggesting that the family home was me, and I again caress the sweet little gentle hand through the mazy laby- in Manville. Another daughter, Matilda Baby, and hear my father[’]s voice, rinths of learning. Though long and Koehler Hutchings, lived in Lexington, and I am happy. but I awake to find, crooked has seemed the way often to Scott County, and the family often alas! it is a dream; and I find myself our weary feet and smarting eyes . . . 13 visited back and forth. in a strange place surrounded by pleasant has been the task of learning Caleb Mills and other early school strangers, and I wonder what those under your guidance. . . . supporters knew from the start that im- at home are doing and if they think Classmates we have gained the proving Indiana’s school system required of me. heights we have reached the goal better trained and more competent today, for us it is now the “harvest teachers. There was a trend for men and Although Aurora struggles with home.” from this time we will realize women educated in more established homesickness in all the letters she writes the reward of our endeavors, each schools in the East to travel west to take to family, she also clearly enjoys her in the measure in which she uses the teaching positions at pioneer schools. studies and excels in her classes as she knowledge she has acquired. let each Mills had done it himself, but he firmly reports in this January 28, 1863, letter guard well her steps, and strive to fol- believed that Indiana should train and to her mother: low the excelent [sic] instructions we provide its own teachers from its “own I have now been attending school together have received. . . . educated sons and daughters.”14 three weeks. (it seemes [sic] much We a little band of classmates It is unclear exactly how much longer)[.] My report for this last week, bound together by the ties of daily schooling Aurora and Septima had, but was, Perfect in Algebra, in Latin, association, and common interests, through their correspondence we know missed one Mr. Rankin, was very must part! No more for us will come that they both attended schools and much pleased and spoke of advanc- the call of the school bell. Others will greatly valued education. In the 1850s ing me. I like the school very well. take our places, their footsteps will what we would today consider second- and my home also. But how I miss tread in our familiar haunts. These ary education was carried on in private you all, my Parents[’] kind advice, and walls hallowed to us by many a dear academies. After the Civil War public gentle loving smiles, and my sisters association will, when we are no high schools began to replace many my brother. although I have a brother longer here, still look upon the strife, private academies. Typical curriculum in here, kind and attentive as I could of mind grapling [sic] with mind, for an academy included algebra, geometry, wish, and a sister, yet it is not Home. the high prize of learning, which far Latin, Greek, or French, and sciences It is unclear how long Aurora stays surpasses the gems with which we such as “natural history,” chemistry, at the school in Madison as her letters adorn our outward persons. . . . geology, or botany. Religious courses from school in the collection are only A feeling of inexpressible and courses in moral philosophy were from 1863. The collection also contains sadness creeps over me. Then let taught along with practical courses such an undated lengthy farewell address the curtain gently fall. Our school 15 as bookkeeping. apparently written by Aurora upon her days are ended. Dear teachers, kind Letters in the collection dated 1863 graduation. In it she eloquently bids a friends, loved schoolmates,—Adieu! place the seventeen-year-old Aurora in fond farewell to teachers and classmates: In 1866 Aurora travels to Louisiana an unnamed boarding school in Madi- to visit her brother, and then in April

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Teacher’s Institute, Bluffton, Indiana, 1893. This Wells County schoolhouse was used as a normal school during the summers. Teacher’s cer- tificates could also be earned nearby at the Muncie Normal School, now called Ball State University. (General Picture Collection, P 0411, IHS)

1867 she is back in Indiana and begin- Septima worries that she will not be Apparently all worked out well as she ning her career as a schoolteacher. able to attend the school as it is located adds a note at the bottom of the same Like Aurora, little is known of Sep- in Scott County and she is a resident letter: tima’s childhood or schooling, but in of Jefferson County, but she writes Monday eve.—I have been to October 1867 she is visiting her sister hopefully: school. think I will like it very much, I Matilda in Lexington, Scott County, The school has been going on three will study Arithmetic Algebra. Latin. Indiana, and she writes her mother for weeks. I am sory [sic] I have lost so Physiology. and Prin--’s Grammer permission to attend school there: much time already. but we did not [sic]. Please let me have one as it is I have quite a momentous question think of it; as we thought I would not now the standard. and I do not know on my mind. I am very anxious to go be able to get in. as we do not live much grammer, and will need it if I to school here this winter. Mr. Fitch is here. . . . I spoke to Mr. Chambers . . . ever am a teacher. a very good teacher every one says. and he said I would have no trouble Roughly a year later, in November Dr. [Septima’s brother-in-law Dr. Wil- at all to get in, I could start and go if 1868 Septima is indeed a teacher at a liam Hutchings] says I can go. and Til- I wished, and if any one objected all large town school in North Madison. lie [Matilda] is wanting me to go very I would have to do would be to see Teacher training was a great concern much. it is so handy the schoolhouse the trustee and he would give me to Caleb Mills. He realized that improv- near and no chance to go at home. I a permit as Dr. pays school tax and ing schools and improving teachers went think it is a good chance, I hope you sends no one. hand in hand. Other states in the East have no objection to the plan. had well-established normal schools, which were specifically designed to

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train teachers, and discussion of their for six, twelve, eighteen, or twenty-four Aurora and Septima came of age and merits went on for some time among months. Examining and licensing was entered the teaching profession after Hoosier educators and politicians. A done at the county level until 1883 the Civil War—at a time when improve- committee was formed in December when a law established a statewide ments were taking place both in schools 1855 to explore the establishment of teacher’s license.17 and in the teaching profession. They two normal schools in Indiana. Ten Septima witnesses firsthand a were also part of a growing number of more years elapsed before the legis- teacher examination session while she women teachers. In 1859, 20 percent lature passed the Normal School Bill, is a student in Lexington. She accom- of Indiana’s teachers were women. Five and it was determined that the Indiana panies a friend who is taking the exam years later, that number had swelled State Normal School would be built in and describes it to Aurora in a letter of to 42 percent.18 These women were a Terre Haute. As Richard Gause Boone October 1867: new breed—single, independent, and states in A History of Education in Indiana I think you would like to hear some- operating with a degree of autonomy the normal schools were “not meant thing about the school, examination, in society. They went to work every day to be an academy or seminary, but a or rather teachers ex. like the men and often did not do any of professional school, wherein training in There were twenty one or two the traditional household tasks assigned the theory and practice of organizing, applicants. they all sat at desks with to women, such as cooking, cleaning, teaching, and managing schools should pencil and paper. printed lists of and laundry. As Polly Welts Kaufman be held to be the primary purpose.” questions were given them and they writes in her book Women Teachers on Over the years, other normal schools for had to write the answers, and hand the Frontier, “Because they acted while teacher training were opened, including them in to Mr. Chambers. he is very serving as teachers, a woman’s role the Richmond Normal School in 1883 pleasant to all not so pompous as I acceptable to the broader society, the and the School of Pedagogy at DePauw thought he would be. gave them now model so many of them presented of 16 University in 1885. and then a hint. the questions were a woman as an independent individual Long before these normal schools similar to those Mr. V[ernon?] gave capable of acting on her own was more 19 were in operation, Aurora and Septima me. some very simple and others easily accepted.” Koehler, along with hundreds of other harder than those. he did not have Improvements were significant, but men and women, had already logged them work at the board, or but just to many challenges still existed. Aurora hundreds of hours teaching Hoosier themselves at their seats and give the and Septima knew and faced many of children. Beginning in 1865, attempts answers on paper. he did not look at them. Large class sizes and a wide range were made to improve the examin- the papers then but took them home of ages was one challenge. One-room ing and licensing of common school with him to examine, and will give rural or township schools educated teachers. Teachers would be examined licenses afterward. most Hoosier schoolchildren. In 1879, on fixed subjects and receive licenses 72 percent of children went to township schools, while 19 percent attended city schools and 9 percent attended town schools. Scholars ranged in age from six to twenty years old.20 On November 24, 1868, while teaching in the North Madison school, Septima describes her large schoolroom to Aurora: The school gets along finely. we will get another teacher next week the school is too full. Mr Burdick has over sixty. & Ida & I have an average of Aurora Koehler’s first teacher’s license granted October 1, 1867, by P. R. Vernon, was good 40 odd all the time I had 48 regularly for a period of eighteen months. (Hutchings–Koehler Papers, M 0152, IHS) last week.”

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In the last half of the nineteenth century most of Indiana’s schoolchildren attended one-room schools such as this one built in 1875 and still standing in 2012 in Liberty Township, Shelby County, Indiana. In these ungraded township schools one teacher generally taught students of a wide range of ages, and attendance was often irregular. In 1876 the state superintendent considered these rural one-room schools a major educational problem and urged consolidation of small schools into larger ones. (Photo courtesy of Indiana DNR, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, file photo)

In the same letter Septima gives by proposing it to me monday morn- Then she writes in a post script, “I’m some evidence of improvements in ing & just took me right up. I was mad. Miss Brooks is here & I gave up my teacher working conditions—paid time half frightened, but glad too. to be so room to her just as I feared.” off: “Did you know that for Thanksgiving elevated. I felt in my proper sphere. Teacher turnover was a problem; it day & Christmas & New years you need I like it so well. Tis so much more was rare for the same teacher to teach not make it up as they are given & you interesting than to teach little ones. I a school two years in a row.21 Aurora are paid just the same as if you taught.” have about 35 scholars. Three classes and Septima seem to follow this trend, There was also competition among come in from Mr B’s room to recite to changing schools frequently. Teachers the teachers vying for positions. Septima me. he teaches the higher classes in were responsible for securing their own writes to Aurora of an experience she arithmetic, Algebra Phy. etc & I have positions and negotiating their own pay had at North Madison in a letter dated two classes. . . . and benefits, including room, board, and December 13, 1868: But Miss Voris failed to obtain laundry service. The next monday we got our new [license?] and had to quit, so we Aurora describes another teaching teacher Miss Vorris, from Madison expect tomorrow either Joe Cross or position at Carson School House in a Mr Fowler told Mr Burdick, that if he India Brooks to take the room vacant. December 17, 1868, letter to her sister prefrrd [sic] taking me up stairs to I hope Joe will come, as she is just the Matilda: assist him to do so, and give the low- one we want, and I am afraid if Miss As you say I have not written for a est room to her. Mr B. Surprised me Brooks comes I will have to return to long time, but I have had my mind so the lower room.

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Another letter Aurora writes from Car- and hope all will go well. I have some son School House dated January 7, 1869, real nice children. contains a whiff of what we might now I have not seen any thing of Mr consider sexual discrimination from her Baker he was in Madison last week supervisor, Mr. Vernon, and another man: and did not clean the house so he On monday my children all came in keeps himself scarce, I called on his with smiles—said they were glad to wife she gave me the key on saturday, get back to school. Mr Vernon visited she told me that he got them all out my school that day—, contrary to my to the meeting thirteen, & I got ten expectations he found no objection votes, and that man from Versailes to my order—he said it was perfect, three, I was glad so many voted for he however scol[d]ed about a dirty me. Mrs B. was looking for me to house, just as tho’ I could have a board with her, but I told her I wanted clean one on such a day. he went to to board where I could get my wash- Mayfield’s to stay all night—and he ing done. I got 5 cts more a day, than and Ollie insisted on my going too so I the last year’s teacher, I think I am went. We however spent the evening doing well. I have a good stove in my in a silly discussion on old maid[s] and school, and nice benches & desks. This photograph in the Hutchings–Koehler Papers was labeled simply Aurora or Sep- school mistresses—with which I was A few weeks later on December 6, tima Koehler. Septima was very active and supremely disgusted. I was provoked 1871, Septima writes somewhat desper- rather proud of her slim figure. In her letters anyhow with the gentleman for ately to Aurora, pleading for help: she frequently mentions ice skating parties his advice on neat school rooms. I I am in a bad fix. I am minus money, she enjoyed during her time off teaching thought it entirely out of place—as it and need some. They will expect me school in North Madison. In a letter to was the muddiest day of the season— Aurora of December 13, 1868, she writes, “I to treat Christmas, and I will have no am enjoying my self right well now. health and of course we had the muddiest way of getting a treat without you is tolerably good as you will think when I house of the season. send or bring me some money. I have tell you I weigh just 124 lbs!!” (Hutchings– I have had some trouble this but five cents in my purse. . . . Koehler Papers, M 0152, IHS) week, as it always is after holiday. I I did not give holiday, (Thanks- guess I will have them straight again giving) I have 45 names on roll and occupied with my school, that I have by next week. about 40 scholars present every day. had very little leisure. I have now a I have a new scholar—a six footer. The big boys come. four young men full school—some days it requires the Septima also describes her situa- two six footers the bad boy does not “patience of Job” to keep cool. . . . tion in a November 7, 1871, letter to her come. I have had no trouble, real I hear that I am considered The parents from her school in Barbersville, trouble, whipped one boy & scared Teacher. I have not made use of a Jefferson County: the whole school. . . . switch yet, can’t say what I will have The wind up here is severe. We to do before school is out. I have You will be pleased to learn that I have had these awful cold days, could now been teaching ten weeks and am pleased to with my situation, my not keep the room warm. I have no consequently have ten more to teach, boarding place is pleasant and com- fit gloves to wear to school, and my as The Term is one hundred days. I fortable. I with the oldest unmarried hands freeze. do come up, or send me have the most agreeable and pleas- girl occupy the room in which father some thing before Christmas. as the ant boarding house, that I could wish. put my trunk. I have a fire. The family boys will do something terrible. So attentive so obliging, so kind, they is large but so too is the house, and all all are, that I sometimes think I ought pleasant. . . . I am pleased so far with Another letter dated January 17, not to feel homesick. my school, I have had perfect order 1872, from Septima at Barbersville con- this far, I had 23 schollars [sic] yester- veys both the highs and lows of teach- day & today, all seem well disposed ing. On Wednesday at noon she writes and tractable. I feel in good spirits optimistically:

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One of my big boys carries my key all from May 1898 to June 1904 records Civil War Era, 1850–1880, vol. 3, The the time. and when I come to school the names of her students, including (Indianapolis: Indiana I find the fire hot and the rooms nice Luke Lowdog, Lucy Redbird, and Marga- Historical Society, 1989), 462–66. & clean. I have adapted myself to my ret Ironcloud. Many of the issues faced 8. Thornbrough, Indiana in the Civil War Era, 466–73. surroundings and I think I am liked by the Koehler sisters and other teachers 9. Ibid. Larrabee originally quoted in and I find all as pleasant as possible in those fledgling Indiana schools are Indiana State Superintendent of Public away from home. . . . I am going to the same challenges facing teachers and Instruction, Second Annual Report, 1853. have a Spelling school tomorrow students today. Lack of funds, large class 10. Thornbrough, Indiana in the Civil War Era, night. Mr Spencer is going to bring sizes, discipline problems, teaching and 470. over his school to spell against us. educational standards, and job security 11. Ibid., 474–76. 12. Ibid., 476–77. Then on Thursday night she adds are all topics still making headlines. Though an air conditioned, Internet- 13. Matilda Koehler Hutchings married Dr. this note to the same letter: William Daviess Hutchings and raised a enabled classroom may have replaced large family in Lexington, Scott County, I had a regular fight today with a boy, the muddy one-room schoolhouse, the but I whipped in the end and made Indiana. The William Daviess Hutchings urgent concerns about teaching Indi- Collection, 1855–1970, M 0151, Indiana him acknowledge before the school ana’s children remain much the same. Historical Society, contains informa- that he had done wrong. I was sick tion related to their family and also Notes when I got through. I have three new some correspondence from Aurora and 1. Hutchings–Koehler Papers, 1699–1916, boys this week, and one of them is a Septima Koehler. Dr. Hutchings’s story M 0152, Indiana Historical Society. case, I will whip him next. is told in Geneil Breeze, “Prescriptions, Correspondence between Aurora and Poetry, and Prose: The William Daviess Perhaps Septima best sums up the Septima Koehler and various family Hutchings Papers, Scott and Jefferson paradox of teaching with all its chal- members is arranged in chronological Counties, 1855–1914,” The Hoosier Gene- order in the collection. Letters quoted in lenges in a January 31, 1872, letter: alogist: Connections 49 (Spring/Summer this article come primarily from box 1, I go through much that is unpleas- 2009): 33–41. folders 6, 8, and 9, and box 2, folder 3. 14. Moores, Caleb Mills and the Indiana ant, and still have too, a great deal of Journals and other materials of Aurora School System, 568. Mills’s quote pleasure. . . . My school is very unruly and Septima can be found in box 1, fold- appeared originally in his “1850 Address at times but I show them I am master ers 7 and 10; box 2, folders 4, 5, 6, and 7; to the Indiana Legislature.” Part of Mills’s and BV 1456. Biographical information once in a few days. I have had some quote also appears in the title of this concerning the Koehler family can be trouble with the [?] children but get article. found in the collection guide, written by along. The Kinn[s?]sett boy who was 15. Thornbrough, Indiana in the Civil War Era, Betty Alberty and Paul Brockman, 2002; bad at first, is one of my best boys 485–86, 488. updated 2004. now, and likes me, as all do I believe. . 16. Richard Gause Boone, A History of Edu- 2. Donald F. Carmony, Indiana, 1816–1850: cation in Indiana (New York: D. Appleton . . I have some which it is a pleasure to The Pioneer Era, vol. 2, The History of and Co., 1892), 386–88, 391–92. teach, and to whom I am much Indiana (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical 17. Ibid., 321–23. attached, and who love me, I am sure. Bureau and Indiana Historical Society, 18. Thornbrough, Indiana in the Civil War Era, I will be both glad & sorry to leave, 1998), 363–64. Italics added by 502. Carmony. Center Grove. 19. Polly Welts Kaufman, Women Teachers 3. Ibid. on the Frontier (New Haven: Yale Univer- Aurora and Septima were in it for the 4. Charles W. Moores, Caleb Mills and the sity Press, 1984), 34. long haul. A prediction about “old maiden- Indiana School System, vol. 3, no. 6, 20. Thornbrough, Indiana in the Civil War Era, hood” Aurora made to her mother in a Indiana Historical Society Publications 477–78. letter of April 11, 1867, seems to have (Indianapolis: Wood–Weaver Printing, 21. Ibid. been accurate as it appears neither sister 1905), 363–64, 374, 380; Carmony, ever married. Eventually, they took their Indiana, 1816–1850, 372. Geneil Breeze is a freelance editor and considerable teaching skills, honed in 5. Moores, Caleb Mills and the Indiana writer and a former staff member of the School System, 363–64. IHS Press. the country schools of southeastern 6. Ibid., 367–68. Indiana, to the prairie schools of South 7. Carmony, Indiana, 1816–1850, 394; Dakota where Septima’s school record Emma Lou Thornbrough, Indiana in the

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 11 The Courthouse A Road Map for Land Research, Part 1: The Functions and Records of County OfficesP rescribe Successful Research Methodologies

Kevin Combs

Some of the most accessible public archive collections for genealogical research are iary office or in some other area of the contained in the offices of county courthouses. With more than twenty years of experi- courthouse. Ask how to search the tax ence as a courthouse researcher, special projects coordinator, manager, and commercial record—by owner name, Parcel ID, or title examiner for First American Title in Indianapolis, I wrote guides for newly hired address. Be aware that one address may courthouse title researchers. Later, as a graduate history student at Indiana University in contain numerous tax parcels and one Indianapolis, I felt that there should be a quick reference guide for the non-title industry owner may be assessed for numerous professional as well. Using my guides, I have conducted training sessions for historians, properties. Four types of crucial infor- for instance at the Indiana Historical Bureau. mation can be found on the treasurer’s To reach a wider audience, I am publishing a series of articles, “The Courthouse: A tax computer: Road Map for Land Research,” in The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections, beginning with this article. This series will serve as a road map by explaining the functions of offices 1. An abbreviated legal description of the in the courthouse that deal with land ownership, clarifying complex legal terms, detail- land parcel in question 2. The transfer date, recording date, and ing the development of legal language describing land, and examining the advent of the Instrument Number of the current vest- cyber courthouse. Although the series is geared toward Indiana courthouses, the basic ing deed that bestows absolute owner- courthouse functions concerning land ownership are similar to any other state’s county ship to the buyer or Grantee courthouses. These functions include recording, indexing, and archiving documents re- 3. The history of the conveyance of tract(s) garding ownership, mortgages, and judgments related to land ownership. Courthouses of land to individual fee owners since the outside Indiana may adhere to different statutory regulations that mandate how county land’s acquisition by the current owner courthouses conduct business with the public and how they index records, but the 4. The political taxing unit of the land, for functions remain the same. In this installment of the courthouse series, I will explore the example, a fire district, township, town, functions and records of the treasurer, auditor, recorder, clerk, and surveyor offices and or city outline research methodologies based on these functions and records. Ascertaining the correct political taxing unit is crucial for the researcher County Treasurer’s Office you need to begin looking in other to later use the county auditor’s office To initiate any type of land search, courthouse offices. For example, if you and construct a chain-of-title from begin with the county treasurer. Histori- have determined the physical location of Transfer Books. Also, information from cally, the term “treasurer” referred to an area, say the intersection of County the treasurer’s tax computer should persons who oversaw the fortunes of Road 1050 North and State Road 45, provide the current fee owner’s name, if nobles or dignitaries. It has evolved into with that you may go to the county it is still unknown. Note that names can meaning a government official who col- surveyor’s or auditor’s offices to look be misspelled in the courthouse office lects and distributes the wealth of the at parcel and tract maps to determine records or entered in various manners; city, state, or nation. the shape and number of that particu- Smythe, for example, may be indexed as To begin your search in the treasurer’s lar parcel. Smyth or even Smith. office, you will need the name of the County treasurer’s offices usually More confusing are the variations current land (fee title) owner, a county have a public access tax computer. The by which corporate entities, religious or state tax Parcel ID number, or a street researcher should ask the treasurer’s organizations, and state municipalities address. The county treasurer’s office employees where the tax computer is may be entered into the indexes. The provides the background information because it is often located in an auxil-

12 THG: CONNECTIONS City of Indianapolis is entered into the legal description of the land parcel must The number of political taxing units in Marion County treasurer’s, auditor’s, and be checked against the most recently each of Indiana’s ninety-two counties recorder’s indexes as: City, Indianapo- recorded document. The auditor then varies according to the size and popula- lis; City of Indianapolis; Indianapolis, approves the transfer, enters it into the tion of the county. Be aware that what City of; INDPLS, City; and The City of auditor’s Transfer Books, stamps the constitutes a modern political township Indianapolis. Indiana has ninety-two transfer document, and presents it to may have been broken out of a pre- counties and therefore ninety-two dif- the county recorder. This insures the existing township, so pay close attention ferent treasurers, auditors, and record- legitimate transfer of property from one to notations within each Transfer Book to ers at any one time. Like any other owner to another and the proper trans- determine where previous transfers may business, county offices are subject to fer of taxes to the new owner. It also have been entered (see Figure 1). employee turnover and thus susceptible assures the county recorder that the new Note that the “Date of Transfer” and to inconsistencies. This means there are deed has undergone an initial review. the “From Whom Transferred” columns a multitude of ways that the names of The researcher should consult the are blank for owners who acquired the corporations, cities, and religious organi- auditor’s Transfer Books to put together property prior to the beginning date of zations may be posted. Carefully record a chain-of-title for a property, beginning the respective Transfer Book—a com- all information you find for the property in with the most recent transfer. The Trans- mon practice in county auditor Transfer question just as it is given, complete with fer Books are categorized by individual Books. However, individual counties and inconsistencies. townships or by larger cities situated auditors may detail records differently. within the county and will correspond Some Transfer Books will note the date County Auditor’s Office to the treasurer’s political taxing unit. of transfer to prior owners. In some After gathering information from the county treasurer’s office the researcher should proceed to the county auditor. Originally designated as a person who heard or listened to legal affairs in medi- eval Europe, the auditor’s responsibilities evolved to examining legal documents that deal with real estate. Within the county auditor’s office, the researcher constructs a chain-of-title, also known as abstract of title, which is a condensed history of title ownership for each section of real estate. It begins with the original conveyance from the United States, referred to as a patent, and includes a detailed chronological index of all county-related documents concerning a specific parcel of land, such as taxes, deeds, mortgages, easements, etc., recorded within the offices of the treasurer, auditor, recorder, clerk, and surveyor. A chain-of-title connects all forms of ownership over time. Part of an auditor’s job is to verify real estate conveyances. Each transfer of title must be checked against the old title, signatures must be verified, and the

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 13 The Courthouse: A Road Map for Land Research

cases an auditor may carry information of land by the state or county to widen entry in the auditor’s Transfer Books. Such related to the land from one Trans- or improve roads, the vacation (nullifica- changes, alterations, and subtractions fer Book to another, for example, the tion) of abutting roads and alleyways, will affect the overall land ownership, Transfer Book for 2000–2012 in some or the final probation (settlement) of acreage, and chain-of-title. cases may contain the names of “From an estate whereby the land is divided The categories of every Trans- Whom Transferred” as entered in the among heirs or legatees. fer Book, while varying somewhat in 1990–2000 Transfer Book. The Parcel ID may change if the language, order, and manner of entry County auditors’ Transfer Books, par- land is annexed from one taxing district generally follow the example in Figure 1. ticularly in those counties outside the into another. A prime example of this is In this example, the Parcel ID numbers larger metropolitan areas, are rife with when an outlying township parcel abuts are typical of Marion County. However, handwritten notes that generally pertain a growing municipality. In 2007 this parcel numbers outside of Marion County to four different categories: Name, Legal happened to a parcel of land that had are often quite different and appear (land description), Acreage, and Parcel traditionally been taxed as part of Clay along these lines “11-00-67-87-0903.” ID. Changes can be attributed to several Township in Hamilton County. In 2008 As of 2009–2010 counties are required reasons. The owner’s name may change the City of Carmel annexed this parcel, to create a separate state Parcel ID num- due to marriage, death, or corporate and since 2009 the taxes on it are paid ber for each taxable parcel. State parcel merger. The legal and acreage categories to Carmel. Auditors can change the tax numbers begin with the county ID code may change due to the conveyance of ID numbers of a parcel in order to clarify number; for example, Hamilton County land out of a larger parcel, acquisition of their records. Therefore, researchers Parcel IDs begin with 29, while Marion an additional section of land, acquisition should carefully note each handwritten Count y Parcel IDs begin with 49.

14 THG: CONNECTIONS The Courthouse: A Road Map for Land Research

Records in Indiana have been kept since Vincennes was the territorial capital in 1800. In the foreground of the current Knox County Court- house, completed in 1876, stands the Soldiers’ Monument. (Photo ca. 1930, Jay Small Postcard Collection, P 0391, Indiana Historical Society)

Once the researcher has located the a property is subject to legal drains or gages, wills, foreclosures, easements, most recent transfer of a property, he or cemeteries. These maps are generally etc. It is these documents, starting with she should trace back chronologically created and maintained by the county land deeds, that a researcher works to through the Transfer Books for the chain surveyor or a third party surveyor, who locate in the recorder’s office. of ownership from Grantor to Grantee as traces new cutouts of acreage from As you enter the recorder’s office, far back as desired. In order to correctly larger tracts and new subdivided plats. introduce yourself to an employee and track and note the transfers, parties to explain that you are there to conduct a the transfers, and dates of the transfers, County Recorder’s Office title search. Ask the employee to list the I suggest creating a transfer work sheet After the researcher has created a records the recorder maintains in the (see Figure 2). transfer chain-of-title of satisfactory office and the location of copies of these Many county auditor offices house length in the auditor’s office he or she documents. This shows exactly what a set of parcel maps within the Transfer is prepared to move on to the county records need to be checked and where Book or in a separate volume. These recorder’s office. “Recorder” originally copies of the records reside. maps prove invaluable to the researcher referred to one entrusted with recording To begin your search of deeds and because they are tied directly to the matters and customs of the community, other land-related documents, you state/county parcel numbers estab- not necessarily those matters strictly must reference three or more indexes in lished by the treasurer. Parcel maps also related to land. Today the recorder the recorder’s office—Grantee, Grantor, display physical boundaries, adjoining stores all documents pertaining to land Miscellaneous, and perhaps others. roads, the parcel numbers of abutting situated in a particular county. These Researchers can approach the indexes owners, and may also reveal whether documents include land deeds, mort- in one of two ways. The first option is

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 15 The Courthouse: A Road Map for Land Research

to begin with the oldest link in the chain Miscellaneous Records. A recorder’s the name of John Smith into the merged and proceed to the present day. For office also often maintained paper index of the Monroe County Recorder, example, in Figure 2 above one would indexes denoted as Plat Books, Release you might see on the screen the infor- work forward in the chain-of-title from Records, State Tax Liens, Federal Tax mation in Figure 3 below. Lewis and Mary Sommerville, August 10, Liens, Survey Records (mandated since Although I have given the recorded 1885 (listed at end of figure). The second 2000), and Uniform Commercial Code document an instrument number, option is to begin with the current (UCC). Below is a description of what some recorders have opted to keep and owner, Kevin Combs (top of figure), and researchers may find in a few of these in- digitally maintain paper indexes. For work backward in the chain-of-title to dexes that are important to genealogists: example, the easement in Figure 3 could the first owner(s) listed. I have used the Miscellaneous Record: Contains copies have been entered as Miscellaneous latter method during the majority of my of any document not considered a Record (book/volume) 223, Page 89. Be career and will use that approach in this deed or mortgage, such as easements, aware that documents, such as deeds, section’s examples. oil and gas leases, mineral rights mortgages, easements, etc., are often Both the Grantee and Grantor Index leases, land contracts, dedication of re-recorded and given new recording books are organized alphabetically by cemetery tracts, affidavits, and corpo- information in order to correct mat- surname. Researchers will find deeds in rate mergers. ters associated with incorrect name “Instruments” (legal documents), which spellings, legal descriptions, mortgage are numbered, and/or in Deed Books Plat Book: Contains the recorded copies amounts, or fulfillment dates. by volume and page number. Since the of all plats that have been placed on At most, the digitized recorder’s 1990s Indiana’s county recorders have record within the county. This is land indexes stretch back twenty or twenty- been digitizing their Grantee and Grantor that has been subdivided since the five years. The digitized index may Indexes. The digital indexes generally original U.S. government patent and is indicate the date that the recorder went contain the same categories as their therefore not described according to to a fully computerized system. If it does paper predecessors: Grantor, Grantee, the conventions of the Congressional not, ask an employee when the digi- Recording Date, Legal (land description), Land Survey System, that is, by sec- tized index began. Once the researcher and Instrument Number and/or Deed tion, township, and range. reaches the beginning of the computer- Book. The data entry methods in these UCC Record: Sets out fixture filings ized index he or she should locate the systems vary greatly due to the differ- associated with crops and/or equip- paper Grantee, Grantor, and Miscella- ent software programs used by different ment tied to the legal description of neous Records Indexes. counties, so be sure to ask how to enter the land, such as equipment used for Generally, the Grantee (new owner) your owner name(s) to conduct a fruitful a sawmill, and is usually given as secu- Books are most useful for finding vest- search. rity for mortgaged interests. ing deeds, that is, the documents by The paper indexes maintained by which individuals, groups, or entities In many counties, the paper indexes county recorders prior to computeriza- take ownership of property. Deeds are have been merged into all-inclusive tion included the Grantor/Grantee, located by transfer date. To follow the digital indexes. For example, if you enter Mortgagor/Mortgagee Indexes, and chain-of-title in Figure 2, for example, a

16 THG: CONNECTIONS The Courthouse: A Road Map for Land Research

researcher would find the date 6/22/95 in the Grantee Index and then match the names from his/her chain-of-title to find the correct listing in the Grantee Index. Working backward, the researcher would look at the following names in the Grantee Index for the periods indicated: Combs, Clyde W. and Lois G. 6/22/95 back to 5/23/80

Combs, Clyde A. and Lucille 5/23/80 back to 3/17/60

Bough, Audley and Wilma 3/17/60 back to 2/14/40

Sullivan, Joseph and Ruth 2/14/40 back to 1/20/25 Along with the names in the Grantee Index, there is a corresponding recording date as well as an Instrument Number and/or Deed Book page number. Find each deed in the chain-of-title according to this data and make photocopies of each because each deed shows how names of new and previous owners were spelled and whether the land was subject to any mortgages, easements, life estates, reservations, conditions, or exceptions. Most important, the deed gives a com- plete and accurate description of the property in question. Occasionally, there are additional Though Indiana was platted by the congressional survey system, there are areas of the state that fall under different styles of description, such as the Vincennes Tract and Clark’s Grant. parties in the title who are not men- (Indiana Land Title Association, 2001 Handbook) tioned in the auditor’s indexes. For example, during one search in Monroe ties possessed differing percentages of match the accurate legal descriptions in County the county treasurer listed some the land that had been divided into 126 the recorded documents; the recorded land as taxed in the name of Stephen parts. documents trump any abbreviated legal Jones, the Indiana University Founda- The indexes of the county treasurer, descriptions employed by the treasurer, tion, and the Indianapolis Museum auditor, and recorder often abbreviate auditor, or recorder for indexing purposes. of Art. A further examination of the legal land descriptions, and the descrip- The legal description is subject to auditor’s records listed these owners but tions, therefore, prove too brief to rely change in the following instances: the also contained the notation “et al” (and upon. Such brevity can be attributed land could become part of a subdivision, others). The corresponding vesting deed to limited physical and digital space land that was once subdivided within a showed a number of additional deeds allowed for posting legal descriptions. plat may revert to raw acreage, or a plat that needed to be acquired. Eventually, Do not be deterred if the brief descrip- may be replatted and renamed. When a I discovered that fourteen different par- tions in the different indexes do not parcel of land becomes a subdivision, the

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 17 The Courthouse: A Road Map for Land Research

A portion of Howard County as seen by surveyor W. A. Gould in 1917 illustrates how land ownership near Kokomo looked at that time. (Indiana Historical Society Map Collection) researcher may find a notation similar to In a hypothetical example from the Once the Grantee Book has been ex- this: “Parcel 9038897, 38.55 acres and land records of the city of Indianapolis, amined for the vesting deeds in the chain- part of the NE of 20/17/5. From June a parcel was replatted and renamed. of-title, the researcher should examine 2000 forward the land will be known The notation for this change in the legal the Grantor Book and the Miscellaneous as Lot 1 through Lot 35 of Maplecrest description might state, “The Original Records Book to determine if vested Addition, Section 2.” When subdivided Plat of the Donation Lands of the City owners in the chain-of-title executed land reverts to raw acreage, the note of Indianapolis lists an area as Lot 1 of any other deeds of conveyance outside may be similar to this: “Prior to 2010 the Square 10. By 1845 that same lot was of the chain-of-title, signed leases for land described in the auditor’s Transfer replatted as Lot 3 of Smith Heir’s Addi- resources found on the property such as Books as Lot 24 of the original plat of tion of Square 10. In 1925 Lot 3 of Smith oil or gas, gave away tracts for cemeter- the City of Peru, Indiana, will be 2.15 Heir’s Addition of Square 10 was further ies, or if other transactions regarding acres in SE ¼ of 32/18/6.” In the latter and finally replatted as Lot 1 of the Wil- the property took place. In the Grantor case, someone vacated the premises liam S. Ayres Addition of Square 10.” Book, one might find deeds outside of earlier in 2010.

18 THG: CONNECTIONS The Courthouse: A Road Map for Land Research

the chain-of-title that granted ease- ments or placed restrictions upon land retained by the Grantor. Some county recorders also recorded easements in favor of public utilities, state highways, county roadways, and other non- government third parties in the Grantor Book. Other types of transactions regarding the property may be found in the Miscellaneous Records Book. The examination of the Grantor and Miscellaneous Record Books as well as the examination of all subsequent indexes is conducted in the same man- ner as examination of the Grantee Book. Using your chain-of-title, the same names and time frames of ownership are researched. Depending upon the information a researcher uncovers in documents, such as deeds, easements, leases, etc., he or she may want to ex- amine one or more of the paper indexes in the recorder’s office. Here again, the researcher may approach the pulling, reading, and possible photocopying of documents in two different ways: either examine documents by index as you are going or keep a list of all documents to be pulled and deal with them after all indexes have been examined. As a title examiner, I have to look at all indexes, The legal language of deeds and mortgages has changed little over the past two hundred so I generally use the latter strategy—to years as evidenced by this sale of land by William Henry Harrison near Cincinnati, Ohio, in insure that I have examined each index 1816. (William Henry Harrison Papers and Documents, M 0364, Indiana Historical Society) in the recorder’s office. Using either strategy, however, you may find that of mortgages, mortgage modifications, or County Clerk’s Office there are times when you need to go back mortgage releases is necessary to If, in the course of document discovery to one or more of the indexes after read- assure the researcher that he/she has and examination in the recorder’s office, ing documents in order to find additional not missed an oddly recorded docu- the researcher finds judgments brought documents pertaining to your chain-of- ment. The final task for the recorder’s by individuals, corporations, or govern- title. office is to ask if the recorder maintains a ments against any of the title owners on I should insert a note of caution for re- separate computerized index that tracks his or her chain-of-title, that researcher searchers in relation to Mortgagee Books. documents that have yet to be placed in will want to visit the county clerk’s office In a few instances I have discovered that the recorder’s official index or records. next. The term “clerk” is ancient, indicat- certain county recorders note easements If so, check these indexes in the same ing a person who could read and write in the Mortgagee Book. So, a cursory ex- manner and examine any documents they or a learned person. It is found within the amination of the Mortgagee Book for docu- reveal that are pertinent to your work. Christian churches and is related to the ments other than mortgages, assignments term cleric but has evolved to designate

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records and the indexes into them, may tell an entire story of a dispute, how an estate was divided among heirs, or how a bank or a local, state, or federal gov- ernment procured an ancestor’s land. There are several types of courts. Circuit and Superior Courts are gov- erned by the dollar amount involved, with lesser amounts being assigned to the Circuit Courts and higher amounts to the Superior Courts. Divorces gener- ally fall within Superior Courts as well. Probate Courts hear cases involving disputes between family members; land distributions through wills or natural accessions of property due to death; and guardianships to administer to and control land. It is less likely that a land researcher would need to research the Criminal Court, but possible if a land owner was charged with obtaining prop- erty illegally; and it is highly unlikely that one would find court cases involving land in Municipal or small claims courts. Indexes for the county courts are located in the county clerk’s office. The most recent indexes of the county clerk are digitally indexed, posted alpha- betically by surname, and linked to the clerk’s office of each courtroom. For older court records, the county clerk’s office will have paper indexes. You may find four types of indexes in the county clerk’s office: Clerk’s Docket: Name index, alpha by surname. The docket includes all judgments for all courts and specifies Plat map of the subdivision named Irvington, for Washington Irvington, on the near east side which particular court adjudicated of Indianapolis, ca. 1870 (Collection of Irvington Historical Society) each case. Foreign Judgments Index: Judgments an officer in charge of records, correspon- concern divorces; wills; estates; mort- reached in the courts of counties or dence, and accounts. In the United States gage foreclosures; land claim disputes, or states outside the specific county you the clerk’s office is now a record-keeping condemnation (of property) procedures, are searching, including judgments organization for municipalities. for instance, when a government entity rendered by the State of Indiana and The judgments found in the recor‑ was acquiring land for a road or railroad. the United States of America der’s office, called “final orders,” were While final orders provide a lot of useful initiated by judicial proceedings and may data, clerk’s records, which include court

20 THG: CONNECTIONS The Courthouse: A Road Map for Land Research

L is Pendants Index: For lawsuits that County Surveyor’s Office In conclusion, please note that there have been filed in the county but not If surveyor’s maps were not kept by are always exceptions to rules and regu- yet adjudicated (pending cases for all the auditor in the county you are re- lations in county courthouse records. Be courts in county) searching, you will want to visit the county sure to ask the employees of the various Small Claims Court Index surveyor’s office. Many Indiana counties offices for clarification when necessary. house the county surveyor in the court- This can save hours of work. Judgments or final orders discovered house. The origin of the term “surveyor” Hopefully, this introduction to the in the recorder’s office will have a code comes from old English and French, and records in the offices of the county denoting the court and Cause (case) indicates a supervisor of building or a courthouses as well as strategies for Number. The Clerk’s Docket and the government overseer of a department, researching them will give you a good Foreign Judgments Index will provide such as highways. Today a surveyor uses start on land research. The next install- the Cause Number, which includes the math to determine the area contained ment of the courthouse series delves year and possibly the date of the case, within land parcels and maps out the more deeply into legal land descriptions, the specific court the case was tried in, contours and boundaries of land on discussing the specific language of the and an ID number or other identifying paper or in a computer. Although sur- documents found within the recorder’s information for the case. These two veyor’s maps vary greatly according to and surveyor’s offices. The second indexes also supply parties involved, the size of the county and the office’s article will examine two issues. First, it the date the case was filed and the date budget, they provide significant assis- will offer a brief history of how the legal it was closed (judgment rendered) or tance with locating such things as roads, descriptions found in warranty deeds, dismissed, as well as brief notes includ- cemeteries, and courses of legal drains. quitclaim deeds, easements, wills, etc., ing a brief legal land description and any They are also important for determining developed. Second, it will provide clues amounts charged in the judgment. The the shape of the parcel in question, if a as to how the researcher may better Foreign Judgments Index will also state river or stream(s) cross the land, and the understand the legalese of platted prop- where the foreign judgment originated. shape of adjoining land. With the Parcel erty and the metes and bounds land Once you have located the court and ID procured from the treasurer and auditor descriptions. Cause Number for any closed judgment or as well as the correct legal description from pending judicial proceeding pertaining to the last deed of record obtained from the your chain-of-title, you should go to that recorder, the researcher will be able to give specific court and request a copy of the the surveyor enough information to find paperwork involved, such as a complaint, a map of the parcel in question. Ask for a pleadings, motions, etc. photocopy of the map to complete the I should note here that some coun- research on your chain-of-title. ties maintain a separate Probate Court and Probate Index, but in others it may be part of the Superior Court system. Similarly, some county clerks maintain estate and/or will records. So, be sure to ask what records the clerk maintains. In addition, the older the estate, the more difficult it may be to locate a microfilm or paper copy of that estate. Once, I had to crawl through the attic of the Hamilton County courthouse to find estate papers from 1855.

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 21 The Courthouse: A Road Map for Land Research

Selected Bibliography Feightner, Harold C. “Indiana County Moynihan, Cornelius J. Introduction to Berthoff, Rowland. “A Country Open for Government.” Indiana History Bulletin 6 the Law of Real Property: An Historical Neighborhood.” Indiana Magazine of His- (1932). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Background of the Common Law of Real tory 84 (1988): 25–45. Bureau. Property and Its Modern Application. Black, Henry Campbell, and Bryan A. Gar- Geib, George W. “The Land Ordinance of Saint Paul: West Publishing, 1962. ner. Black’s Law Dictionary, 4th pocket 1785: A Bicentennial Review.” Indiana Pattison, William D. Beginnings of the Ameri- ed. Saint Paul, MN: West Publishing, Magazine of History 81 (1985): 1–13. can Rectangular Land Survey System, 2011. Gibson, Frank, James Karp, and Elliot Klay- 1784–1800. New York: Arno Press, 1979. Brown, Curtis M. Boundary Control and Legal man. Real Estate Law, 2nd ed. : Snider, Clyde F. “Indiana Counties and Town- Principles, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley Real Estate Education, 1987. ships.” Indiana Magazine of History 2 and Sons, 1969. Indiana Land Title Association, Inc., 2001, (1937): 119–52. Brown, Curtis M., and Winfield H. Eldridge. Handbook. Indianapolis: Indiana Land Taylor, Robert M., Jr., Errol Wayne Stevens, Evidence and Procedures for Boundary Title Association, 2001. Mary Ann Ponder, and Paul Brockman. Location. New York: John Wiley and Linklater, Andre. Measuring America: How an Indiana: A New Historical Guide. India- Sons, 1962. Untamed Wilderness Shaped the United napolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1989. Condra, Charles E. History of Early Land Sur- States and Fulfilled the Promise of Democ- Thrower, Norman J. W. Original Survey and veys in Indiana, January 1958 Engineering racy. New York: Walker and Company, Land Subdivision: A Comparative Study of Bulletin, Extension Series No. 93. Purdue 2002. the Form and Effect of Contrasting Cadas- University, Lafayette, Indiana. Madison, James H. The Indiana Way: A State tral Surveys. Chicago: Rand McNally and Dilke, Oswald A. W. The Roman Land Survey- History. Bloomington: Indiana University Company, 1966. ors: An Introduction to the Agrimensores. Press, 1986. Wilson, George R. “The First Public Land Newton Abbott, UK: David and Charles, Most, Charlie. “America’s Land Surveying Surveys in Indiana: Freeman’s Lines.” 1971. System Is 200 Years Old.” Your Public Indiana Magazine of History 12 (1916): Lands 35 (1986): 4–20. 1–33.

Fulton County Courthouse (Photo by Jeannette Rooney; Courtesy of the Indiana Historical Society)

22 THG: CONNECTIONS REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES Court Papers A bstracts of Legal Documents for Allen, Fulton, Grant, Howard, Jasper, Miami, Noble, Wabash, Wells, and White Counties in the Barnes Manuscripts Collection, 1854–1920

Wd en y L. Adams and Kimberly E. Hunter

The Barnes Manuscripts Collection the plaintiffs’s father, John R. Deihl, who tiffs’ father, John Rheuben Diehl, who in the William Henry Smith Memorial he believed spelled his surname “Dale.” occasionally wrote his surname differ- Library comes from the Detroit Public Fletter confirmed that John Deihl died at ently. When Deihl first arrived in Ohio, Library, which donated the material to his (Fletter’s) house twenty or twenty- he wrote his surname as “Deihl” and one years previously. He stated that he afterward wrote it as “Dale.” Deihl died the Indiana Historical Society because of did not remember when Deihl arrived in twenty or twenty-one years previously, its Indiana focus. The collection con- Ohio but he knew that Deihl was born leaving three children—one of whom tains general correspondence for several in Pennsylvania. At the request of John had already died. Hatzell stated that nineteenth-century Hoosiers: Charles J. Deihl’s wife, Fletter stated that he con- Deihl came from Ohio in 1825 or 1826 Finney, Frank Morris, Carrie E. Thomas, tacted the deceased’s brother in Penn- but that he believed Deihl to have origi- and Senator and Judge D. D. Dykeman, as sylvania, who came to Indiana and tried nally come from Cumberland County, well as legal correspondence for several unsuccessfully to persuade the widow to Pennsylvania. Although Hatzell did not state legal firms. It also incorporates move her family back to Pennsylvania. know John Deihl’s father, he admitted When questioned by the defendants, to having seen Deihl’s brother in Fort legal forms for fifty-four Indiana coun- Fletter stated that at the time of Deihl’s Wayne, Indiana, about ten days after ties, dated from 1833 to 1925, including death, he left three surviving children Deihl’s death, his name possibly that of warranty deeds, mortgages, bonds, title and a widow, who Fletter believed to [Simon/Simeon?] Deihl. When asked abstracts, memorandums of agreement, have already died. Signed S. C. Fletter. again about when Deihl came from estate inventories, and court proceedings. 2. When questioned by the plaintiffs, Ohio, Hatzell stated that Deihl came in Legal forms for Allen, Fulton, Grant, How- Abraham Miller of Allen County, Indiana, 1828 or 1829. When asked again when ard, Jasper, Miami, Noble, Wabash, Wells, stated that he was acquainted with the the father of George and Dianth[ea] and White Counties were abstracted for plaintiffs and that he knew the plaintiffs Deihl died, he stated twenty-two years father, John R. Deihl, who he believed previously. this article. They appear below in chrono- spelled his surname “Deihl.” Miller When questioned by the defendants, logical order by county.1 confirmed that Deihl died about twenty Hatzell stated that at the time of Deihl’s years previously, leaving three children. death he left three surviving children, Allen County Legal Documents He stated that he thought Deihl came two of whom still lived, and a widow, D epositions of Witnesses. In the case from Miami County, Ohio, in 1825 or who Hatzell believed to have already pending in Cumberland County, Penn- 1826, but was originally from Penn- died. Signed by Levi [Hartzell/Heartzell?]. sylvania. Miller stated that he did not sylvania, between the plaintiffs, George know Deihl’s father or brothers. Last, Diehl/Deihl and Diantha Diehl/Deihl, Samuel H. Bloomhuff, a justice of the he restated that the father of George and the defendant, John Lutz and the peace in Allen County, Indiana, certified and Dianth[a] Deihl died twenty years trustee[s?] of Presbyterian Congregation that: (1) Samuel C. Fletter, Abraham previously. Miller, and Levi Hertzell [sic], the above Middleburg in Cumberland and Frank- When questioned by the defendants, lin Counties, Pennsylvania, defendant deponents were sworn in the cause Miller stated that at the time of Deihl’s pending in Cumberland County, Penn- George Deihl was present as agreed by death he left three surviving children, the parties. sylvania, in which George Diehl and one of whom has since died, and a Diantha Diehl, plaintiffs, and John Lutz widow, who Miller believed to have and the Presbyterian Congregation of 1. When questioned by the plaintiffs, already died. Signed Abraham Miller. Middleburg, Pennsylvania, defendants; Samuel C. Fletter of Allen County, 3. When questioned by the plaintiffs, Levi (2) John W. T[ravill/arvill?], a person Indiana, stated he knew the plaintiffs Hatzell of Allen County, Indiana, stated under Bloomhuff’s direction, wrote the but not the defendants and he knew that he was acquainted with the plain-

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 23 REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES

road near the south side of the dwelling house and running in a southerly direc- tion to the line between this plot and Daniel Clark’s land. Signed by Samuel and Grizella Essick on April 2, 1872. Jesse Kern, clerk, Miami County, certified on May 14, 1872, that John Knight was a justice of the peace, Miami County, on April 2, 1872. Entered for taxation by Dan Agnew, auditor, Fulton County. Received and recorded in Deed Record X, pages 384–85, by Chester Chamberlain, recorder, Fulton County, on July 6, 1872.

Bird’s-eye view of Rochester, Fulton County, Indiana, ca. 1905–1950 (Jay Small Postcard Grant County Legal Documents Collection, P 0391, Indiana Historical Society) Patent Number 180082. Floyd E. depositions; (3) the defendants did not conveyed to Edward Calkins of Fulton Ribelin of Upland, Indiana, petitioned personally attend the depositions, only County Lot 176 in the new plat of the and received from the Commissioner their attorney; (4) the depositions were town of Rochester for $500. Witnessed of Patents in Canada a patent on a new taken in Fort Wayne, Allen County, Indi- by H. B. Jamison, notary public, Fulton and useful improvement in clips for pens ana, on December 30, 1858, from 8:00 County, on March 12, 1872. Entered for and pencils. A partial fee was paid for a a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Signed by Samuel H. taxation by Dan Agnew, auditor, Fulton six-year term. Signed by Geo. F. [name il- Bloomhuff, December 30, 1858. County. Received and recorded in Deed legible], deputy commissioner of patents, Record X, page 190, by Chester Cham- Ottawa, Canada, on October 30, 1917. [I/J?]. D. [T/G?]. Nelson, circuit court berlain, recorder, Fulton County, on clerk, Allen County, certified that March 14, 1872. Application. Floyd E. Ribelin of Up- Samuel H. Bloomhuff was an acting land, Grant County, Indiana, United justice of the peace in Allen County at Warranty Deed. Edward and States of America, a drug clerk, the time the depositions were taken Ellenora Calkins of Fulton County, invented a clip for holding pens and on December 30, 1858, and verified Indiana, conveyed and quit claimed to pencils within a pocket using a leaf Bloomhuff’s handwriting. Signed [I/J?]. Delitha Ann Platt of Fulton County spring. Diagram of invention certi- D. [T/G?]. Nelson, December 30, 1858. Lot 176 in the new plat of the town of fied to be the drawing referred to in Cost of taking depositions, $3.90. Rochester for $500. Witnessed by H. B. specification annexed in Washing- Jamison, notary public, Fulton County, ton, DC, USA, on August [18/28?], Fulton County Legal Documents on March 12, 1872. Entered for taxation 191[1/7?], presented by Floyd E. by Dan Agnew, auditor, Fulton County. Ribelin, inventor, by Watson E. Warranty Deed. Alfred H. and Received and recorded in Deed Record [Coleman], attorney, and witnessed Cornelia G. Robbins of Fulton County, X, page 191, by Chester Chamberlain, by [R?] Wilson and [H.] L. Hunt. Indiana, conveyed to Michael L. Essick recorder, Fulton County, on March 14, Signed by Floyd E. Ribelin, inventor, of Fulton County the north half of Lot 1872. Upland, Grant County, Indiana, and 240 of Robbins and Harters’ Addition to witnessed by Dr. H. F. Gravelle and the town of Rochester, Fulton County, Warranty Deed. Samuel and Harry Mayberry on August 13, 1917. for $60. Witnessed by Milo R. Smith, [Grizella/Grizilla?] Essick of Miami County, recorder, Fulton County, on June 21, Indiana, conveyed to Michael L. Howard County Legal Documents 1867. Entered for taxation by Dan Agnew, Essick of Fulton County, Indiana, 80 auditor, Fulton County. Received and acres in Fulton County for $2,000. The Witness Fees. In the case of Milton recorded in Deed Record S, page 153, by land is located in the east half of the Dunham and others vs. Peter Ander- Milo R. Smith, recorder, Fulton County, northwest quarter of section 33 in son, Thomas McMillan and others: J. B. on June 21, 1867. township 30 north of range 4 east. A Duretts, clerk’s fees, $9.20; N. LaRose, 16-foot wide strip of land is reserved for clerk’s fees, $8.14; Sheriff W. McElhany’s Warranty Deed. George H. and Delitha a road or outlet running from the stated fees, $80.12; L. W. Hays, deputy sheriff, Ann Platt of Fulton County, Indiana, Howard County, sheriff fees, $1.12.

24 THG: CONNECTIONS NHORT ERN INDIANA

Witness Fees Henery Esterbrooke 10 24 10.96 George Freshour 38.19 April Term [18]55, Defendant witness[es] George Freshour 14 12 14.48 John B. Eldridge 8.00 Mchnen Tucker 2 days [$]1.50 Thorney Michaels 14 20 14.80 Alexandria Mahaffee 8.69 Beng. Powell 1 d[ay and] 12 m[iles] 1.23 Edward Gorman 14 15 14.60 Andrew Mahaffee 11.71 Nathanil Bell 2 12 1.98 Jobe B. Eldridge 5 5.00 John Clary 1.03 Loel C. Elam 1 10 1.15 Edward Gorman 11.24 Apr[i]l term 1856, Defend[ant] Witness[es] John Stansbury 1 10 1.15 John Smith 23.67 Mercer Brown 2 4 1.66 Michner Tucker 12 12 12.40 Henery Barnett 17.23 8.64James C. Goff 12 18 12.72 Gavin Black 4.31 Henry Barnett 11 11 11.44 James Fitzgarel 9.00 Oct[ober] Term 1855, Plaintiff witness[es] Asbury Barnett 14 6 14.24 Charles Troutman 7.64 John Newbrough 9 15 7.35 James Horney 8 4 8.16 William Foy 14.00 John Yound 6 14 5.02 Soloman Horney 8 4 8.16 Henery Esterbrook 10.96 Joel C. Elam 1 9 1.11 Mercer Brown 10 4 10.16 James C. Goff 17.78 Thorney Michales 1 18 1.47 George Freshnour 14 12 14.48 Asbary Barnett 14.24 Lewis Crane 9 9 7.11 James H[a/o?]rney 8.16 Oct[ober] Tirm [sic] 1856, Pla[i]ntif[f] witness[es] George Newbrough 4 14 3.56 Sollaman Horney 8.16 Andr A. Mahaff[e?]y 9 11 7.19 Andrew Mahaff[a/ee?] 1 12 1.48 $426.81 Thos L. Cummings 12 9.00 Nathaniel Bell 1 12 1.48 Michael Burk 1 14 1.31 Lewis Crane 1 8 1.32 Wm Michaels 1 16 1.39 William Michaiels 1 16 1.64 Ed Freshour 1 18 1.47 John Smith 1 16 1.64 George Freshour 9 12 9.23 John Newbrough 1 16 1.64 [J?] B. Eldridge 4 3.00 William Foy 1 12 1.48 Alex. Mahaffey 11 11 8.69 And A. Mahaffe 1 12 1.48 Andr Mahaffey 7 11 5.79 Michael Burke 1 14 1.56 Merc[e]r Brown 4 4 3.16 Joal C. Elam 1 9 1.36 73.85 Edward Gorman 1 16 1.64

Oct[ober] Term 1855 Defend[an]t Witness[es] Oct[ober] Term 1856, Defend[ant] witness[es]

N. Bell 2 days and 12 miles 1.98 Benj Powell 1 12 1.48 L. C. Goff 6 14 5.06 Michner Tucker 1 10 1.40 John Clary 1 7 1.03 Mercer Brown 1 4 1.16 Edward Gorman 12 15 9.60 [Total Amount Paid] John Smith 9 16 7.39 Benj. Powell 2.11 Henery Barnett 7 11 5.79 John Yound 5.02 Gavin Black 5 14 4.31 Michne[n/r?] Tucke[r/n?] 15.30 James Fitzgarel 12 9.00 Mercer Brown 16.14 Charles Troutman 7 16 7.64 N. Bell 12.92 Aprial Tinm [sic] 1856, Pla[i]ntif[f] witness[es] Joal C. Elam 13.98 Andr Mahaffee 4 11 4.44 John Newbrough 23.63 N. Bell 7 12 7.48 John Standsbury 1.15 Lewis Crane 13 8 13.32 Thorny Michals 16.27 William Michales 14 16 14.64 Lewis Crane 21.75 John Smith 14 16 14.64 George Newbrough 3.56 Andrew A. Mahaffee 20.19 Diagram of Floyd E. Ribelin’s clip for pens John Newbraugh 14 16 14.64 and pencils from the Barnes Manuscripts Thomas L. Cummings 9.00 William Foy 12 13 12.52 Collection, Indiana Historical Society And A. Mahaffee 11 11 11.44 Michael Burke 17.43 Michaiel Burke 14 14 14.56 William Michals 17.67 Joal C. Elam 10 9 10.36 Edward Freshour 1.47

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 25 REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES

D emurrer. In the case of Ezra N. Todd lot, and the east half of Out Lot 66 in Howard County for $1,000. The land is vs. Elijah Perry, No. 12712, in the Kokomo, with the exception of 22 feet described as part of the northeast quar- Howard County Circuit Court, Indiana, off the west side of the lot, for $5,000. ter of section 6 in township 23 north Beauchamp and Mount, Dean and Dean The sale was subject to pending assess- of range 4 east. The sale was subject to and B. S., attorneys for the defendant, ments for the improvement of Wildcat the use of 30 feet off the north end of state that the second paragraph of the Creek and taxes for 1919 due in 1920. the street and 11 feet off the west side plaintiff’s complaint does not state suf- Signed by Orville and Pearl Jefferson and 8 feet off the south end for alleys, ficient facts to take action against the and witnessed by W. H. Arnold, notary taxes for 1921 due in 1922, and all other defendant. Filed by H. M. Cooper, clerk, public, Howard County, on March 24, assessments made or pending. Noted Howard County, on November 4, 1895. 1919, his commission expiring on that William A. Tate Jr. died intestate in March 14, 1923. Entered for taxation by Howard County on May 18, 1920, leaving Motion for Judgment in Suit. Bell Wm. L. Benson, auditor, and received as heirs his widow, Zenobia E. Tate, and and Purdum and Gifford and Gifford, and recorded in Deed Record 143 of his children, William Frank, Fred A., Ben L., attorneys for the plaintiff, asked the Howard County, page 551, by Jasper John E., Berne, Jessie B., Iva B., and Ruth— Howard County Circuit Court to act on Collins, recorder, Howard County, on all under the age of 21 years at the time the findings made to the jury. The court May 24, 1919. of his death. There were no other surviv- decreed that the plaintiff may maintain ing children or descendants of deceased a private roadway, its location beginning Warranty Deed. Cora W. Parr of children. Signed by the above listed at the southeast corner of the tract of Howard County, Indiana, unmarried and people on December 1, 1920. All but land described as beginning at the center over twenty-one years old, and Kokomo Ben L. and Mary Tate appeared before of Turkey Creek north of the southeast Trust Company, of Howard County, Frank S. Owen, notary public, Howard corner of the southwest quarter of sec- guardian for Mildred C. Parr, a minor, County, on December 15, 1920, his com- tion 9 in township 22 north of range 5 conveyed and warranted to John B. Tate mission expiring on November 10, 1921. east, then south and east to the center of Howard County 22 feet off the entire Ben L. Tate appeared before J. W. Dixon, of Creek No. 178, then north to the west side of Lot 88 in the original plat notary public, Clark County, Indiana, junction of the ditch and Turkey Creek, of Kokomo, Indiana, for $8,000. The on December 8, 1920, his commission then southwesterly to the beginning. The sale was subject to pending assessments expiring May 20, 1923. Mary Tate, roadway should run southeasterly along for the improvement of Wildcat Creek Ben L. Tate’s wife, appeared before W. E. the west bank of the ditch to where and taxes for 1919 due in 1920. Signed Nash, notary public, Pittsburgh County, the line dividing John Nutter’s land and by Cora W. Parr, Fred L. Trees, president, Oklahoma, on December 10, 1920, his the Windfall Land and Manufacturing Kokomo Trust Company, and William E. commission expiring January 18, 1924. Company’s land intersect the ditch, then Sollenberger, secretary, Kokomo Trust Entered for taxation by Wm. L. Benson, along the west side of this line to where Company, and witnessed by Roscoe C. auditor, and received and recorded in the line intersects and connects with the Brown, notary public, Howard County, Deed Record 157, pages 15–16, by Tipton and windfall free gravel road. The on March 25, 1919, his commission O. W. Bailey, recorder, Howard County, court decreed that this private roadway expiring on March 23, 1920. Entered for on December 17, 1920. will remain open and unobstructed for taxation by Wm. L. Benson, auditor, and free use by the plaintiff and his custom- received and recorded in Deed Record Jasper County Legal Documents ers. The plaintiff would recover all of his 143 of Howard County, page 249, by costs expended during this lawsuit. Held Jasper Collins, recorder, Howard County, D. eed Johnathan and Lucinda Willis con- before L. J. Kirkpatrick, judge, Howard on March [27/29?], 1919. veyed to Randolph Marsteller 80 acres County, Indiana, on April 17, 1896, during in Jasper County, Indiana, for $300. The the 35th judicial day of the March Term Warranty Deed. Zenobia E. Tate, land is described as the east half of the 1896, in Kokomo. Certified by H. L. Bull, widow, William Frank and Liddie L. Tate, northeast quarter of section 9 in town- clerk, Howard County, on April 5, 1905. Fred A. and Clara Tate, Ben L. and Mary ship 28 of range 8 west in the district of Tate, John B. and Lottie E. Tate, Berne lands subject to sale at Winamac, Indiana. Warranty Deed. Orville and Pearl and Madge Tate, Jessie B. and Arthur H. Entered for taxation by Lawson B[iner?], Jefferson of Howard County, Indiana, Coyer, Iva B. and J. Everett Jones, and auditor, and witnessed and recorded by conveyed and warranted to John B. Tate, Ruth Tate, unmarried, of Howard Coun- [George/Geory?] W. Spitter, recorder, of Howard County, Lot 97 in the original ty, Indiana, conveyed and warranted Jasper County, Indiana, in Deed Record C, plat of Kokomo, Indiana, with the excep- to John B. Tate and Berne Tate, tenants page 172, on October 23, 1854. tion of 22 feet off the west side of the in common of Howard County, land in

26 THG: CONNECTIONS NHORT ERN INDIANA

Miami County Legal Documents

R elease. Edward C. Seibert of Miami County, Indiana, acknowledged that he was one of the sons of Justina Seibert, deceased, formerly of Womelsdorf, Berks County, Pennsylvania, and had received $292 from William H. Seibert, adminis- trator of Justina Seibert’s will, as his full share of his mother’s estate. He released any further claim he might have on William H. Seibert and his heirs regarding the mother’s estate. Signed by Edward C. Seibert and witnessed by Samuel M. Leedy, justice of the peace, Miami County, Indiana, on November 7, 1864. Leedy’s status as justice of the peace confirmed by D. C. Davron, clerk of the Court of Marion, Bluffton, and Eastern Traction Company, car number 330, 1906. One hundred years Common Pleas, Miami County. ago interurban cars similar to this one carried passengers between Marion and Bluffton in northeastern Indiana. (W. H. Bass Photo Company Collection, P 0130, Indiana Historical Society) Deed. Jonathan Johnson, Miami County, Indiana, conveyed to Henry A. John- heirs Henry A. Johnson and James S. son, Miami County, 80 acres in Miami Wabash County Legal Documents Johnson; Albert Johnson, Millie Johnson, County for $3,500. The land is described Eliza J. Keys, and Alexander Johnson Warranty Deed. Joseph and Mary Ann as the east half of the northeast quarter being the only heirs of Henry A. Johnson. Weimer of Wabash County, Indiana, con- of section 17 in township 26 north of Witnessed by James M. Brown, notary veyed and warranted to Simon Snavely range 5 east. Jonathan Johnson was public, Miami County, on January 18, of Wabash County a piece of land at the to retain sole and exclusive possession 1896. Entered for taxation by Michael east end of the town plat of Mount Ver- and control of the land and have all the Bappert, auditor, and received and non at the center of the Marion and Peru rents and profits during his life. Signed by recorded in Deed Record 46, page 257, state road and Lots 37, 38, 39, and 40 in Jonathan Johnson on December 27, 1871. by Eli J. Jamison, recorder, Miami County, the town of Mount Vernon in Wabash Witnessed by James M. Brown, notary on January 18, 1896. County, Indiana, for $300. Witnessed by public, Miami County, on January 6, 1872. John L. Knight, notary public, Wabash Entered for taxation by Louis D. Fulwiler, Noble County Legal Documents County, on August 18, 1864. Entered for auditor. Received and recorded by W. F. taxation by A. S. Ferry, auditor, Wabash Ege, recorder, Miami County, in Deed Warranty Deed. Randolph and County. Received and recorded by John Record 4, page 494, on March 22, 1873. Catharine Bird of Noble County, Indiana, Piper, recorder, Wabash County, in Deed conveyed to Aaron Bliss of Cuyahoga Warranty Deed. Albert and Sophronia Record 1, page 534, on August 18, 1864. County, Ohio, 80 acres in Noble County Johnson, Willie Johnson, unmarried, and Noted at side: Annie S. Garst, widow, for $1,800. The land is described as Eliza J. Keys, unmarried of Miami County, Mary Brubaker, [O]la Snavely, Asa [Sna- the southeast quarter of the southeast Indiana, conveyed and warranted to vely], Ida [Snavely], Veronica Sa[v?]ely, quarter of section 11 and the northeast Alexander Johnson of Miami County 80 died Jan[uary] 19, 1904. quarter of the northeast quarter of sec- acres in Miami County for $150. The tion 14 in townhip 35 of range 10 east. Quit-Claim Deed. George and Emma land is described as part of the frac- Witnessed by J. C. Alvord, justice of the Heeter released and quit-claimed to tional southeast quarter of section 8 in peace, Noble County, on May 11, 1855. Jacob Ulrey and his heirs land in Wabash township 26 north of range 5 east and Entered for taxation by John Young, County, Indiana, for $400. The land is a tract of land of equal width off of the auditor, and Saml. Young, deputy, Noble described as the east half of the south- east side of said quarter section. It is County. Recorded by Henry Weltzel, west quarter of section 5 in township 29 noted that 8 acres of this tract was the recorder, Noble County, in Deed Record north of range 7 east, except for 4 acres same acreage mentioned in the deceased 12, page 263, on July 18, 1855. in a square form in the southwest corner Jonathan Johnson’s will and given to his

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 27 REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES

of the said east half. Witnessed by J. B. station material; the bad weather condi- Notes Harter, notary public, Wabash County, on tions in the early spring; the inability 1. Barnes Manuscripts, 1833–1925, M 0011, March 16, 1868. Entered for taxation by to secure gravel for ballast between Allen County: box 2, folder 10 (formerly J. R. Polk, auditor, Wabash County. Re- Liberty Center and Marion; and the folder 19); Fulton County: box 3, folder 6 ceived and recorded by James M. [Haim/ Westinghouse Electric and Manufactur- (formerly folder 33); Grant County: box Haun?], recorder, Wabash County, in Deed ing Company’s failure to deliver the 3, folder 7 (formerly folder 34); Howard Record 14, page 481, on May 14, 1872. electrical equipment necessary for the County: box 3, folder 12 (formerly folder sub-station’s completion between War- 39); Jasper County: box 3, folder 13 Wells County Legal Documents ren and Marion, which was expected (formerly folder 41); Miami County: box by July 1, 1906. They reported that if 3, folder 25 (formerly folder 53); Noble Affidavit. H. C. Arnold, L. A. Williamson, the overhead work could be finished to County: box 4, folder 2 (formerly folder and L. C. Davenport, presidents respec- Warren and the sub-station equipped, 58); Wabash County: box 4, folder 20 (formerly folder 77); Wells County: box tively of the Studabaker Bank, Wells then the company would operate a 4, folder 23 (formerly folder 80); and County Bank, and the Union Saving and car during the week of the Warren Fair White County: box 4, folder 24 (formerly Trust Company, all in Bluffton, Indiana, Association’s meeting. They affirmed folder 81), Indiana Historical Society. affirmed both their interest in the Bluff- that the failure to complete the road by ton and Marion Construction Company Information for the introduction to this August 1, 1906, was not caused by any article was taken from the collection and the Marion, Bluffton and Eastern negligence or financial inability on the Traction Company and the progress and guide written by Charles Latham, May part of the Marion, Bluffton and Eastern 1985. cost of the construction of the inter- Traction Company. They petitioned the urban road from Marion, Indiana, to town board to extend their completion Wendy L. Adams received a master’s Bluffton, Indiana. They stated that the date by forty-five days. Subscribed and degree in history from Indiana University, traction company’s credit rating was sworn to Abram Simmons, notary pub- Indianapolis, in 2009. Currently, she is the first class and that any failure to com- lic, Wells County, on July 17, 1906, his project cataloger at Wheaton College’s Buswell Library in Wheaton, Illinois. plete the work by August 1, 1906, would commission expiring March 24, 1909. not be due to financial reasons. Sub- mitted and sworn to Abram Simmons, White County Legal Documents notary public, Wells County, Indiana, on July 17, 1906, his commission expiring Quit-Claim Deed. John J. Gosman of on March 24, 1909. White County, Indiana, conveyed and quit-claimed to Martin Witz of White Affidavit. John S. Worley, engineer, and County Lot 34 in Christy’s Addition to Robert F. Cummins, secretary, Marion, the town of Monticello for $500. The Bluffton and Eastern Traction Com- grantor would retain possession until pany, stated that their company was March 4, 1900. Witnessed by W. H. constructing an interurban line from [Hammelle/Hamille?], notary public, Bluffton, Indiana, to Marion, Indiana, White County, on September 4, 1899, through the town of Warren and that whose commission expired on Febru- the company held Warren’s franchise, ary 28, 1903. Entered for taxation by which was passed by the town board M. J. Holtzman, auditor. Received and on March 6, 1906, taking the place of recorded by B. B. Baker, recorder, White ordinances no. 36 and 37. They listed County, in Deed Record 83, page 10, on the various reasons surrounding the September 4, 1899. delay in completing the road—the need to secure right of way through court order and complete grade work; the lengthening of the bridge at Warren, as requested in an amendment passed May 23, 1906; the amount of overhead work to be completed between Marion and Warren; the delay in delivery of poles, arms, wire, insulators, and sub-

28 THG: CONNECTIONS CNE TRAL INDIANA Community News M arriages from Putnam County Newspapers, Part 2: July through December 1881

R uth Dorrel and Christina R. Bunting

In the nineteenth-century United names and dates of marriages, along July 28, 1881 States, local newspapers had a much with a snapshot of daily life and culture Joseph S. White and Miss Allie different appearance than today’s papers. in nineteenth-century America. Each Applegate were married Thursday eve- Also in the late nineteenth century, local announcement is transcribed exactly as ning last by Rev. C. E. Brooke. Mr. White news was a popular feature in newspapers, it appears in the original newspaper. This graduated at Asbury this spring and is serving to build a sense of community.1 is the second of two installments; the now employed as pastor at a church at Social events, visiting relatives, and local first part, with marriage announcements Terre Haute. Miss Applegate was teacher gossip were all considered items worth that were published in the Greencastle in the Third Ward school. They will noting and appeared frequently in county Star from January through March 1881 remove to Terre Haute in a short time. papers. appeared in the Fall/Winter 2012 issue The BANNER extends congratulations. Putnam County, Indiana, founded in of The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections. Erasmus T. Booker came smiling into December 1821, boasted its first news- the Clerk’s office Thursday last with an July 14, 1881 paper, the Hoosier, in 1830. A number order from his father for a license to Marriage licenses: John W. Long and of newspapers followed throughout marry Martha J. Crosby. The order also Anna M. Fox; Samuel H. Hoge and the century, with news published from contained a request for Deputy-Auditor Mary E. Bridgewater. Greencastle, Cloverdale, and Roach- Randel to secure the services of someone dale, among others. A popular item of interest in the papers was the section on marriage announcements; weddings were sometimes the social event of the season. Marriages of high-society cou- ples as well as everyday town folk were included in the announcements. These newspapers not only published the names of the couples getting married, but often information about the bride and groom, their parents, occupations, and even wedding gifts received. The author occasionally included a wish of happiness and prosperity to the couple. Sometimes, announcements from one newspaper were reprinted in another paper, such as some of the announce- ments listed below. The following Putnam County mar- riage announcements were published in The Vandalia Railroad, formed in 1905, had main lines through Indiana, Illinois, , and Ohio. the Greencastle Banner from July 14, 1881, Family and friends traveling from out of town to attend weddings in Greencastle often traveled 2 to December 22, 1881. They include the Vandalia line. (W. H. Bass Photo Company Collection, P 0130, Indiana Historical Society)

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Spencer; Mr. and Mrs. H. F. Fletcher, of Waverly, and Mrs. Joseph Hill, of St. Louis, wife of the Superintendent of the Vandalia Railway, and her two daugh- ters. The last came in a special car. At the conclusion of the nuptial feast the newly wedded pair left from their home in Danville, Illinois, where Mr. McFarland is a practicing attorney, bearing the best wishes of all of their friends. Marriage Licenses. Riley D. Omalley and Fannie Barnes; Ollie A. McFarland and Mary B. Fletcher. September 1, 1881 Married—at the residence of H. A. Reeves, the bride’s father, August 25, by Couples getting married in Putnam County in the early part of the twentieth century would the Rev. W. A. Smith, Kendrick Priest have applied for a marriage license at the Greencastle Courthouse, pictured here in 1905. and Miss Sallie Reeves. (W. H. Bass Photo Company Collection, P 0130, Indiana Historical Society) Evansville Tribune, Friday. Prof. Phillip clothed with the proper authority to tie and Jane Tedlock. John H. Hughes and Baker, of Asbury College, Greencastle, the knot at once and have done with Ella King. arrived in town this morning with his it. As per instructions the license was bride, and will be pleased to meet his August 18, 1881 issued, Mayor Miller was called to the friends at the residence of his father, J. H. Jones, son of P. A. Jones, of Jef- Clerk’s office and the twain were made W. R. Baker, Esq., No. 521 Upper First ferson township, this county, but who one with neatness and dispatch. The street. The bride to whom Prof. Baker for several years has been a resident of parties hailed from Jackson township. was married yesterday, was Miss Lou Lyons, Kansas, was married recently to Marriage licenses. Joseph S. White Emma Allen, a member of the senior Miss Anna Heinly, of that vicinity. and Alma E. Applegate. Alfred Bower class of Asbury. She is a daughter of a H. C. Lewis was married yesterday to and Ida E. Wilson. Erasmus T. Booker Putnam county farmer, who resides Miss Josie Constable, at Ellettsville. The and Martha J. Crosby. Wm. M. Smith near Greencastle, and is highly accom- wedded couple arrived here yesterday and Amanda Williams. Campbell G. Lee plished in the domestic arts, as well as afternoon and have taken up their and Louisa Thompson. in literature and the ornamental arts abode in the residence already prepared and sciences, and is one of the most lov- August 4, 1881 for them on Liberty street, just west of able of ladies. Prof. Baker’s old friends in Clinton F. Modlin and Jane Tedlock, the first ward school building. May they Evansville will warmly congratulate him from Jackson township, came to the live long and prosper. on his success, both in his profession circus Tuesday and got married. Esq. Married. August 11, at the residence and in his good fortune in winning such Owens tied the knot and tied it well. In- of the bride’s mother, Mrs. J. M. Allen, a prize for a wife. deed it may be said that he is an expert, by the Rev. A. Marine, D.D., Mr. Olin A. Cards are out for the marriage of for the services were again demanded McFarland, of Danville, Illinois, to Miss L. E. Smedley and Miss Mattie Wysong yesterday by John H. Hughes of Bloom- Mary B. Fletcher, of this city. at Fillmore Tuesday evening. ington and Miss Ella King. This event A number of the relatives and friends Albert L. Clearwaters and Sarah J. took place at Spurgin’s gal—and Jim of the parties from abroad were in Alexander, from Jefferson township, came says he gave the bride away. We might attendance, among them Mr. and Mrs. to town Saturday night and were married add that Jim is an expert, too. S. K. Fletcher, Judge Hines and wife, Mrs. at the Walnut Street House by Mayor Marriage Licenses. Henry F. Herbert Dr. Hodges, Miss Ruth Fletcher, all of Miller. According to the statements of and Lianne Gaston. Clinton F. Modlin Indianapolis; Miss Emma Fletcher, of the fair one they had eloped, her par-

30 THG: CONNECTIONS CNE TRAL INDIANA

ents having objected to the union. They had been attending singing school, and “May they live long and prosper.” came from there instead of returning home. Clearwaters was an employee on the farm of his bride’s father. T. C. Utterback and wife are keep- Married. At the residence of the The Vandalia train from the west ing house in the cage already prepared. bride’s parents, Sept. 8 by the Rev. R. Tuesday afternoon brought to this city a They were tendered a friendly serenade Hawley, Mr. Riley E. Hamaker and Miss very intelligent looking couple who took Tuesday evening. Their marriage was a Eliza J. Mitchell, both of Putnamville. a car for the Court House. They happy termination, and they are both Marriage License. George Roberts applied for a marriage license, which deserving of congratulation. Long and and Alice J. Boner. Jas. B. Etcheson was granted them and upon their happily may they live together. and Lizzie F. Boner. Thos. Elmore and request Esq. Owens was called in, who T. C. Utterback and Miss May Prich- Rosa Bridges. Henry Ader and Char- “solemnized them in matrimony.” They ard, of Cloverdale, were married at the ity J. Walker. R. E. Hamaker and Eliza J. were both evidently members of a high residence of D. Stanley in this city last Mitchell. Elisha McDonald and Esther C. class of society, the lady being perfectly Wednesday. The well-wishes of a host of Vallandingham. Jas. S. McColough and self possessed and well-bred in her friends will follow them in their wedded Maria Neese. demeanor. They requested the clerk bliss. September 22, 1881 to keep it a secret as they desired that On Tuesday evening L. E. Smedley Marriage Licenses. Samuel B. Grimes no one of their acquaintances should and Miss Mattie Wysong were married and Etta V. Beal. Jesse D. Wood and Jen- know anything about it. The clerk had at Fillmore, by Dr. Marine. The affair nie M. Morgan. a delicacy in giving their names, but by was witnessed by a number of the more Rev. Geo. W. Switzer of ‘81 [Asbury referring to the Central House register, intimate friends of the contracting par- University] was married last Tuesday where they took rooms for the night, ties, who bestowed upon them a variety evening, Sept. 20th, to Miss Lida West- it was found that he register[ed] “Jas. of valuable gifts. The happy bride and fall of Montmorencey, Ind. Their home Pierce and wife.” In a roundabout way groom will for the present take rooms at will be at Plainfield, Ind. we learn that her name was Sallie the residence of W. A. Howe in this city. Fitzgerald. Where they were from no Marriage Licenses. Alvin C. Bridges September 29, 1881 one knows. They left on the midnight and Nannie Bell Peck. Luther Easter and Jesse D. Wood and Miss Jennie Mor- train going west. Ida E. Hatcheson. Jefferson Hurst and gan were married last week. They were Marriage licenses. Lewis D. Moore Mary E. Tilley. Walter P. Quillen and given a reception at the residence of the and Eliza Jenkins, McCamey Balew Ladaro A. Harlan. Benj. Lawrence and groom’s brother, E. A. Wood. and Hannah Wilson, Jonathan Michael Melissa A. Scarbro. Wm. Watson and Marriage Licenses. Elias Perkins and and Michael Todd, Philip S. Baker and Martha Moore. Leonidas E. Smedley and Nannie C. Brackney. Riley Maxey and Luemma Allen, Carroll K. Priest and Sal- Mattie H. Wysong. John H. Huffman Sarah E. Robinson. Thomas Eads and lie A. Reeves, Albert L. Clearwaters and and Ella C. Pickett. Emma Zink. Thomas J. Sears and Sarah J. Alexander, James A. Johnson Nellie B. Vallandingham. Wm. Harvey September 15, 1881 and Johanna Kestler, Franklin Vermillion Bowan and Sophia E. Grimes. Jefferson Hurst and Mary E. Tilley, of and Margaret E. Webb, Henry Walden Jefferson township, were married last October 6, 1881 and Mary E. Whitehead, Thos. C. week. Miss Tilley was an adopted daugh- Mr. Moles and Miss Phebe Williams Utterback and May A. Pritchard, ter of Mr. Hurst, and had been living at were married Friday evening; and on Lyman B. Smith and Matilda Allen. his residence since she was a child. She Sunday evening Noah Evans of Grove- September 8, 1881 was about 30 years of age, while he was land, was married to Miss Minnie Mills, On last Saturday afternoon Squire about 60. They made a trip to Illinois of Jackson township. Freeman married at the residence of and return, and during their absence Cards are out for the marriage of the bride’s father in Fillmore, Walter their residence was robbed of a quantity Henry S. Renick, of this city, with Miss Quinlan, of Hendricks county, and Miss of provisions. Mary Williams, of Louisville, at the First Dora E. Harlan.

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 31 REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES

with music, singing, and conversation. On Friday the bridal party, and large company of friends, were invited to the home of the groom’s father, Robert L. Bridges, of Fincastle, to a dinner. The cakes and other dainties excited praise and admiration, and the generous hospi- tality of Mr. and Mrs. Bridges made all feel at home. The young couple will reside north of Fincastle. They start with happy prospects which, we hope may be more than realized. Lorenzo H. O’Neal and Miss Sarah J. Knetzer were married, at the residence of her parents, on last Wednesday evening. The marriage of Rev. J. W. Harris, pastor of the M. E. church at Crawfords- ville, to Miss Madge Donnohue, of this city takes place this afternoon at the residence of the bride’s father, by Dr. Martin, after which they will proceed to Indiana Asbury University, now DePauw University, was chartered in 1837 by the Methodist Church. Philip S. Baker, an instructor at Asbury in Natural Science and English, married Lou Emma Crawfordsville where they will occupy Allen in August 1881. (Atlas of Putnam Co., Indiana [Chicago: J. H. Beers and Co., 1879; repr., the parsonage. The BANNER extends Evansville, IN: Unigraphic, 1973]) congratulations in advance. The Clerk has issued a marriage li- Christian church of that city, on the 12th Mount. Perry W. Wright and Lucy A. cense to Dr. Hiram P. Allen and Jennie A. inst., at 1 o’clock p.m. Brown. James L. McCamey and Amilda E. Stites. The wife of Dr. Allen was granted Silas A. Hays, of the law firm of Broadstreet. a divorce on the ground of his unfaith- Hanna & Hays, was married last eve- October 13, 1881 fulness to her, and the husband of Mrs. ning to Miss Lillie Farrow, daughter of A large company assembled at the Stites was granted a divorce on the ex-Treasurer R. S. Farrow, at the lat- residence of Dr. Harris Thursday evening, same grounds. The two who had each ter’s residence north of the city, Dr. A. to witness the marriage of his daughter, purloined the affections of the other are Marine officiating. The BANNER heartily Miss Vina, to John D. Bridges, of Fin- now joined together as one. extends congratulations to the happy castle. Rev. Colvin, presiding elder of the Marriage Licenses. Silas A. Hayes and bride and groom. With an amiable wife Crawfordsville district, was the officiat- Lille B. Farrow. Hiram P. Allen and Mr. Hays has a bright future before him, ing minister. At 5 o’clock the attendants, Jennie H. Stites. George W. Moore and his talent for the law being par-excellent. Wm. Bosson, of Greencastle, and Miss Mattie A. Rogers. Lorenzo H. O’Neal The newly wedded pair will occupy Mary Baker, of Roachdale, entered the and Sarah J. Knetzer. property on Vine Street, near the West parlor, and were immediately followed college building. October 20, 1881 by the groom and bride. A short, but Marriage Licenses. Joseph E. Newgent Thomas J. Stites has taken consola- impressive, ceremony was pronounced. and Maggie Loyd. Henry N. Mynheir and tion and revenge against his divorced Then followed congratulations by the Emma C. Hobbs. Noah R. Evans and wife by marrying Mary E. East. Rapid numerous relatives and friends. After- Minnie Floyd Mills. John E. Gordon and transformation this! ward the guests adjourned to an elegant Carilda Johnson. John L. Bridges and David Ambler and Miss Maggie E. repast. The young folks enjoyed them- Vina J. Harris. Richard Louder and Whitehead, registering from Indianapo- selves until a late hour of the evening, Mollie Tevis. James F. Click and Hortence lis, were married at the Central House

32 THG: CONNECTIONS CNE TRAL INDIANA

Monday evening, by Dr. Marine. Miss The newly wedded left for this city at day evening, to a Mr. Boone, of New Whitehead, accompanied by her brother, once, arriving here at 12:24 a.m. yes- Maysville. came in on the Vandalia train from the terday, and taking up their residence Elder A. J. Laughlin and Miss Flora West, while the groom came in from at once in the parsonage which had Turman are to be married this afternoon. the East. The question is, “did their been recently fitted up for their Thomas Hartley and bride of Coates- mother know they were out?” reception. The groom is one of the ville, are spending a few days with rela- The happiest man in town is most respected citizens of this city, tives in this city. Henry S. Renick, which is accounted for a pastor universally beloved, and a Charles A. Matkin was married to by the fact that he arrived home from popular companion. The bride is the Miss Lina Albin, daughter of J. C. Albin, Louisville last week with a beautiful and daughter of Ex-Judge D. C. Donnohue, Tuesday night. lovely bride. Kentucky may be behind a prominent citizen of Greencastle, Thomas Hartley was married to in some things, but not in her girls, who and the same who represented the Miss Flora Crews, at the residence of are incomparable. Henry is the envy of United States to Hayti, during Presi- the bride’s father near Hadley Sunday all his bachelor friends. We are happy dent Lincoln’s administration. She is afternoon, and had a reception at the to say that he bears his honors with companionable and accomplished residence of Mr. Hartley’s father in this becoming meekness. and will, the Journal trusts, have a city on Monday. They have since gone Harris–Donnohue. The marriage of pleasant home in this city. An elegant to Coatesville to live, where Mr. Hartley Rev. J. W. Harris and Miss Madge Don- reception was given the bride and has been engaged in business for some nohue occurred Thursday afternoon groom by Mr. Harris’s parishioners years. as announced in last week’s BANNER. last evening at the church par- Dr. Martin made the ceremony unusu- lors, which had been profusely and ally impressive, conducting it in strict appropriately decorated for the accordance with the discipline of the occasion. There were present not M. E. church. Only the relatives and im- only the members of the pastor’s mediate friends of the high-contracting congregation, but a large number of parties were present, among the former sister churches, and friends outside. being Mr. and Mrs. R. S. Tennant, of The happy couple, in plain but neat Terre Haute, Miss Josie Donnohue, of the attire, received the hearty congratu- Irvington schools, and Miss Fanny Harris, lations of all, and the bride, by her sister of the groom. The congratulations charming manners, won every heart. which followed the ceremony were no Refreshments, consisting of ice cream, unmeaning compliment. The bride has a cake and coffee were spread, and the large circle of devoted friends in Green- evening was most delightfully whiled castle, all of whom join in wishing her away. The pastor and his wife are now the happiness of which she is so worthy; “at home” in the parsonage where all and while Mr. Harris is not so well will be made welcome. known here, still, there are many who Marriage Licenses. Jon W. Harris and enjoy his acquaintance, and they are no Madge Donnohue. W. H. Shields and Richard S. Farrow, treasurer of Putnam County, 1875–1879. The 1880 census shows less earnest in good wishes for him than Endannie Patrick. Thomas J. Stites and for his estimable wife. He has won a rare that Farrow and his wife, Sarah E. Farrow, Mary M. East. Daniel Ambler and Mag- had three grown children, a daughter and prize; one especially fitted by character, gie E. Whitehead. Orin W. Tomlinson two sons. According to the 1915 Alumnal education and association for the work and Anna B. Smith. Silas W. Boner and Record, Depauw University, the oldest, Lillie of a minister’s helpmate. Lubell Coffman. James A. McCloud and A. B. Farrow, was born August 30, 1856, and The Crawfordsville Journal of Satur- Amanda E. Rudisell. married lawyer Silas A. Hays on October 5, day has the following in reference to the 1881. The couple lived on Anderson Street in reception of Mr. and Mrs. Harris at their October 27, 1881 Greencastle in 1915. (Atlas of Putnam Co., Indiana [Chicago: J. H. Beers and Co., 1879; home in that city: Miss Belle Coffman was married at the residence of her mother, Wednes- repr., Evansville, IN: Unigraphic, 1973])

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 33 REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES

Married. Sunday afternoon at 4 great credit to the host and hostess, and Joseph L. Rogers and Emily A. Morgan. o’clock, at the residence of the bride’s to Mr. Lenard’s daughter, Mrs. Hazelett. Isaac Ford and Mary E. McNortan. father, L. M. Brown, near Fillmore, this The bride and groom made a fine appear- Thomas F. Stevens and Nancy E. county, William F. Snodgrass and Miss ance and have many friends who wish Etcheson. Joseph H. Coverdill and Flor- Sallie E. Brown, by Justice G. H. them both happiness and prosperity. ence M. Wain. Edward Leatherman and Freeman. The ceremony was not only Elder A. J. Laughlin and Miss Flora Alma Shinn. Jacob Walker and Lizzie Voris. highly enjoyed by those directly inter- Turman were married as announced on Wm. S. Eckels and Sarah Lewis. ested, but also by the large number of last Thursday afternoon, Elder Laughlin, December 22, 1881 relatives present. Then came a bountiful of Irvington, a young brother of the John Burley and wife left yesterday repast, which, if we are to judge by the groom, pronouncing the ceremony. A for Springfield, Ohio, where they will specimen of cake sent us, must have large number of the friends of the par- attend the wedding of their son Harry. been all that the most exacting epicure ties were present and manifested their The bride’s name is Fannie E. Brown. could have wished. The young couple, good feeling toward them by bestow- They will make their future home at will, on invitation of the grandfather, ing a variety of presents. The bride and Richmond, this State, and Harry will George Crow, spend the winter with him, groom left immediately on a tour to continue to travel for a New York and in the spring will erect a home for Cincinnati, Louisville and other cities, wholesale house. themselves. They have the best wishes and will return here this week and make Miss Tillie Rogers, daughter of Dr. of all who know them for their future this their future home. L. L. Rogers, was married at the resi- happiness, and in these good wishes the Marriage Licenses. Alman J. Laughlin dence of her father, in Nashville, BANNER is pleased to join. and Flora J. Turman. Jacob McGaughey Tennessee, on the evening of the 15th, Dr. Gobin was called to Lafayette, and Sarah M. Hartman. Edward P. Fisher to J. S. Billings. Mr. Billings is a member yesterday, to marry W. F. Stillwell, class and Nancy A. Douglass. Eugene Court- of a firm of newsdealers, and is pro- of ‘77 [Asbury University] to Miss Sal- ney and Ann Murphy. nounced by the BANNER, of that city, as lie Belle Taylor, only daughter of Hon. November 17, 1881 a popular young gentleman. Henry Taylor, of that city. Miss Taylor is On last Thursday, Bence Baird, of Marriage Licenses. Solomon W. Ader a lady of rare accomplishments. Miss Ida Stilesville, was married to Miss Allie and Sarah B. Wilson; Francis M. Cole- Anderson accompanied Doctor and Mrs. Bandy, of Cloverdale, and Hiram Macy, man and Ada Wright; Edward A. Law Gobin. of this place, was united in matrimony and Mary Warner; Jesse S. Jackson and Will A. Greer, of the class of ‘75, will with Mrs. Richardson, of Stilesville. The Kate Taylor; Nathaniel W. Holland and be married one week from today, to former will reside here and the latter in Maggie E. Brackney. Miss Lou. Wymond, at the residence of Stilesville. the bride’s parents at Aurora, Indiana. Notes Bence Baird and Miss Allie Bandy, of Marriage Licenses. Wm. F. Snodgrass 1. Carrie Buchanan, “Sense of Place in the Cloverdale, were married Thursday last, and Sallie E. Brown. Peter Hipson and Daily Newspaper,” in Aether: The Journal at the residence of John W. Christie of Eliza J. Wall. James Andrew Spencer and of Media Geography 4 (March 2009): this city, Elder Frank officiating. 62–84. Ella J. Lenard. Charles A. Matkins and Marriage Licenses. John Sigler and 2. Greencastle Banner: July 14, 1881; July 28, Linnie Allen. Mary Gibson. Melville W. Miller and 1881; August 4, 1881; August 18, 1881; November 3, 1881 Amy C. Puett. Milford L. Buis and September 1, 1881; September 8, 1881; Charley Harrell, our “H’English” Hester A. Sallust. Samuel Miller and September 15, 1881; September 22, 1881; September 29, 1881; October 6, 1881; shoemaker, was married to Miss Carrie Crosby. October 13, 1881; October 20, 1881; Amanda Baker Thursday night. December 8, 1881 October 27, 1881; November 3, 1881; Andrew Spencer and Miss Ella Lenard Isaac Ford and Mrs. McNorton were November 17, 1881; December 8, 1881; were married Wednesday last by Rev. married last week. The “boys” remem- December 22, 1881. D. K. Tindall. William Hazelett, the town- bered them by a charivari. The retired editor of The Hoosier Gene- ship trustee, his wife and other friends Marriage Licenses. John M. alogist, Ruth Dorrel is currently archivist were present and assisted in the closing McHargue and Rebecca A. Knauer. at the B. F. Hamilton Library at Franklin scene—a bounteous repast, which did College in Franklin, Indiana.

34 THG: CONNECTIONS SOH UT ERN INDIANA One Path West T he Buffalo Trace from the Falls of the Ohio to Vincennes, Indiana

E elizab th Flynn

It took nearly seventy years after Captain John Smith founded the first English colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607 for Europeans to begin exploring lands west. Soon Englishmen and other Europeans explored and settled up to the line of mountains in the East known as the Appalachians. The French, who arrived in the New World in the 1500s, only began their first settlement, called Quebec by the Indians, in the early 1600s. Already in- land via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, they traversed the Great Lakes, some major rivers, and by the 1730s had ventured down the Wabash River and established a post for trading and military defense near present-day Vincennes, Indiana. During istockphoto.com the 1700s the Europeans and eventually Buffalo created some of the first roads in Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois. the Americans began learning about the land between this French post and the eventually be called the Buffalo Trace, Europeans arrived, this land was home Appalachian Mountains as they explored crossed the southwestern part of the to indigenous animals such as buffalo, the land and fought over it among them- future state of Indiana. giant mastodon, black bear, grey wolf, selves and the Indians who were living Just north of where the Buffalo Trace panther, wild turkey, duck, and geese, as there.1 ran the East Fork of the White River well as by prehistoric peoples such as The wild, unexplored country that is flowed. The land between this part of the Mound Builders and later by Ameri- now southern Indiana and Ohio began the White River and the Ohio River was can Indians. These early inhabitants to open up thanks in part to explorers described in 1818 by William Darby “lived in ways that left few apparent such as Christopher Gist, a surveyor in the Emigrant’s Guide to the Western effects on the natural landscape and contracted by the Ohio Company and and Southwestern States and Territories environment.” The trails and traces are by military officers such as George as very broken with a ridge of hills that some of the scant natural evidence of Washington to help map and open the continues into Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the earliest inhabitants, and for some of region beyond the Appalachians.2 The New York. “This ridge in Indiana sepa- these, we can thank the buffalo. Buf- dreams of those wanting to venture rates the waters of [the] Wabash from falo provided a wealth of items to the 3 west and carve out farms on free or those of [the] Ohio River.” Indians, including food and material for 4 cheap land was aided by men such as Not long before this description clothing, household items, and shelters. Gist as well as by Indian trails and path- was written, this stretch of southeast- The buffalo were also important for ways created by animals. One ancient ern Indiana had been uninhabited by the westward and northward expan- path created by animals, which would European settlers. Centuries before the sion of America. Their migratory routes

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 35 REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES

provided the pathway from present- The Blue, White, and Wabash Rivers, as cal outlet to the west,” the Trace “soon day Kentucky into the regions that well as the many creeks and streams became a prominent line of travel.”8 would become Indiana and Illinois. In north of the Ohio, supplied drinking Early immigrants must have been their book The Buffalo Trace, authors water. Buffalo wallows were scattered amazed at the decent path they trav- George R. Wilson and Gayle Thorn- along the Trace. Referred to as “mud- eled to the western plains. The buffalo brough explain that the Buffalo Trace holes,” they covered thousands of acres “had an instinct for choosing the easiest was critical to the “growth and unifica- near present-day Jasper, Indiana.6 grades and most direct courses, and the tion” of Indiana from Indian occupation The buffalo “was a good civil engi- passing and repassing of these tremen- to statehood. Dubbed Indiana’s first neer and path-finder,” who avoided the dous herds made the beds of their roads highway, the Trace was also called “Lan- hill and the swamp, preferring the ridge as hard as modern ones.” Even though an-zo-ki-mi-wi,” the “Kentucky Road,” or the valley. Their small feet, heavy the buffalo was nearing extinction from “Vincennes Trace,” “Clarksville Trace,” bodies, and great numbers beat down a overhunting by Indians and Americans and “Harrison’s Road.” It was formed by comfortable, wide path that man could before pioneer families began arriving millions of buffalo migrating from the easily follow. Indeed, their paths were in Indiana, incoming settlers found the canebrakes (thickets of sugarcane) and followed by the Indians and later by buffalo roads, “though clogged and salt-licks near large rivers in Kentucky Europeans and Americans, becoming covered with brush and fallen trees, so where they spent their winters to the “public highways across the plains” and direct and convenient and so hard of prairie grasses in western Indiana and through the forests.7 surface that they cleared and opened Illinois where they spent their summers.5 The Buffalo Trace in Indiana ran them for their own use.”9 The dense acres of cane in Kentucky approximately 114 miles between the provided the buffalo with food and shel- Kentucky–Indiana border at the Falls of Early Exploration ter in the winter, while the licks provided the Ohio River near Louisville to Vin- Prior to the American Revolution, the salt necessary for their diets. Two cennes on the Illinois border. A traveler one supporter of westward migration popular salt springs were Big Bone Lick from the East Coast could take a steam- from the eastern colonies was Thomas and Blue Lick in northern Kentucky. In boat at Pittsburgh down the Ohio and Lee of Virginia. He came up with an the summer, the herbivores migrated to stop in Louisville to pick up the Buffalo idea to possibly settle the lands west of the plains and prairies north of the Ohio Trace to go to southwestern Indiana or the Alleghenies, a group of mountains River to graze on a variety of grasses. southeastern Illinois. Being “a practi- forming part of the Appalachians in the lands that would become Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Lee formed the Ohio Company, which received a land grant from the king of England—500,000 acres northwest of the Ohio River—in 1749. As men- tioned above, the Ohio Company hired Christopher Gist as an agent “‘to explore the country, examine the quality of the lands, keep a journal of his adventures, draw as accurate a plan of the country as his observation[s] would permit and report the same to the Board.’” Gist and a small crew of surveyors used the Buffalo Trace in Kentucky, as well as the Ohio River and its tributaries, to get into the interior. They spent three years exploring the area.10 In Indiana the Buffalo Trace ran from New Albany/Clarksville along the Ohio River to Vincennes A history of Washington County, along the Wabash River. (Courtesy of Indiana’s Historic Pathways) Indiana, states, “The first white men to

36 THG: CONNECTIONS SOH UT ERN INDIANA

put foot on Washington County soil were the adventurers who first crossed over the Falls to Vincennes, along the Indian trail [Buffalo Trace], in the sum- mer of 1770.” Before the Ohio Company embarked on its venture, colonists were unaware of what was “across the ranges.” They did not know if they would find sea, prairie, or more mountains. But after Gist and his band of explor- ers returned to Virginia and told of “the vastness and future promise of all this western country,” the floodgates opened for hundreds of pioneer settlers.11 When General captured Vincennes in 1779 his troops Photo from 1912 of the two-story frame building in Vincennes, Indiana, where the General were stationed at the Falls of the Ohio, Assembly of the met between 1800 and 1813 (Jay Small Postcard Collec- Post Vincennes, and at Kaskaskia and tion, P 0391, Indiana Historical Society) Cahokia in what would become Illinois. These men would be the first armed that not a foot Step could be seen.’” Austin summed up what he saw of troops to pass through southern Indiana However, he had been told that the southeastern Indiana at the end of the along the Trace. After this, the Buffalo trees were marked and if he followed eighteenth century on and around the Trace “became a much frequented thor- the marks, he could find his way. He did Buffalo Trace: oughfare for traders, scouts, adventurers, and arrived safely at Blue River thirty The Country from the Ohio to 13 settlers, governors and commandants miles from Clarksville. Vincennes is in general good and of the territory.” In 1780 “three hundred On the banks of the Blue River, will afford Valuable settlement and large family boats arrived at the Falls of Austin wrote that he “‘found an Indian is Well water.d. the Onely River at the Ohio, and all found homes in the Camp of Wyandots fifteen in Number which a Traveller is subject to meet interior of the country.”12 with an Old Cheef. I Staid the Night with Delay or difficulty in passing, is In the winter of 1796–1797 a and was Treat.d with great Politeness Blue river which in the spring is com- merchant and mine owner from the and friendship.’” He was fed a “‘Dish of monly high. At White River there is a east, Moses Austin, passed through Veneson and Bare Stake [steak].’” Austin good Boat at which you may pass at the wilderness of southern Indiana on left the following morning after break- any time or on the Ice which was the the Buffalo Trace heading for present- fast and after presenting strings of beads way I pass.d all the waters from the day Missouri in search of lead mines. to thank the Indians. On the night of Ohio to Vincennes. the severety of He described his journey on the Trace December 31, Austin arrived at a camp the winter had mad[e] all the rivers and what he found along the way. thirty-six miles from the Blue River, passable on the Ice.14 After crossing the Ohio at the Falls on which some men he had encountered had used the night before. He later met December 29, Austin arrived in “‘Clerks The Post Road and First Ville,’” which he described as “‘a poor with “‘Hunting Indians all of which were Newspapers place hardly Deserving Notice consist- friendly.’” Austin commented, “‘The Those who settled along and around ing of Six Cabbins and One Logg Hous Snow beeing deep and the weather the Buffalo Trace longed for contact with a Stone chimney.’” The next day he Cold I did not sleep so well as I could with the people back east. As communi- made himself “‘ready to take the Trace have wished.’” He had hoped to arrive ties grew and peace and prosperity were to Post St. Vincennes, but unfortunate in Vincennes that following evening, enjoyed, some of the settlers requested for me a Very heavy snow fell in the “‘but after a hard Days ride I late at that a post road be established from night which had so obscured the Trace Night arriv.d at Mr Harvis 5 miles from Louisville through Vincennes and into Vincennes where I found good quarters.’”

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 37 REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES

tempted him to “fortify” himself with liquor. There is at least one account of a rider’s “excessive drinking” causing his delay. Summer rains flooded the streams, and one mail carrier drowned. One post rider was murdered west of Vincennes, and his mailbag was stolen. In frustration Stout once wrote, “‘An- other week and no mail, and the poor printer is quite at his wits end.’”19

The New Indiana Territory The White Oak Springs Fort near Petersburg, Indiana, was used as a Rangers’ Station from ca. When the Indiana Territory was 1806 to 1812. (General Picture Collection, P 0411, Indiana Historical Society) established in 1800 and Vincennes was named its capital, the region contained Kaskaskia. In 1798 they received a reply The postal route along the Buffalo nearly four thousand settlers. As a to their request. Assistant Postmaster Trace was thus established and mail was territorial government was formed, General Charles Burrall said he would delivered from the Eastern states on a activity on the Buffalo Trace increased. send the mail by private contract over scheduled, though irregular, basis. This Road improvements as well as travelers’ the route recommended once every caught the attention of Elihu Stout, an accommodations were sorely needed. 15 two weeks. employee of the Kentucky Gazette, who Territorial Governor William Henry Har- The Post Office Department deter- wanted to start his own paper. Stout rison asked the federal government for mined that it would cost $650 per year determined that, if done in tandem land grants in order “‘to establish small to deliver the mail every two weeks. The with the mail delivery, and therefore stations . . . for the accommodation of postmaster at Louisville commented: with the delivery of the news from the travelers’” along the road twenty-five or I should suppose it might well be East, a newspaper could be successful. thirty miles apart.20 After several years done for that sum, as the carier He had enough faith in the Northwest of discussion, Congress denied land would not have many tavern bills to Territory and in the idea of starting a grants for this purpose. Travelers in pay on the route. . . . I am informed newspaper there that he moved to increasing numbers were concerned that the road from Louisville to Vincennes in 1803, bringing a printing about Indian hostility. For their part, Vincennes, is tollerable tho not operation, including a wooden press, via Indians considered most of the land very good, but from Vincennes to the Kentucky, Ohio, and Wabash Rivers. through which the Trace passed as their Kaskaskias the path is very good and He called his paper the Indiana Gazette. hunting grounds, and they complained, the whole route may be performed in However, in 1806, a fire destroyed the stating that “‘thousands of animals had six days in summer and in seven days equipment. Stout then transported been destroyed by the Americans.’” Har- in winter.16 yet another press and a supply of rison reported that “‘many parts of their paper across the Buffalo Trace. Pack The federal government, however, Country which abounded with game . . . horses carried his paper supply from a now scarcely contains a sufficiency to discovered that Congress had made no paper mill near the falls in Kentucky to provision for sending mail into its new give food to the fiew [sic] Indians who Vincennes. After the fire, he renamed 21 territory. Commenting that “‘forming pass through there.’” his paper the Western Sun. Now all he Harrison used treaties from 1803 a part of the Union they ought not to needed was the news the mail brought, be left so much in the dark as to what through 1809 to try and broker peace that is, when the mail was actually between the Indians and the settlers. is passing at the seat of Government,’” delivered. When the postman failed to it was finally agreed that if the citizens The Indians ceded the land between the deliver, Stout was forced to recycle old Wabash and Ohio Rivers to the United arranged for delivery they would be 18 news. States. By 1805 the northern boundar- reimbursed all expenses and the mail Many obstacles could delay the would be sent each month.17 ies of these land tracts were a tad north post rider. In winter, the cold may have of the Trace, so the Buffalo Trace was

38 THG: CONNECTIONS SOH UT ERN INDIANA

completely on American land.22 Springs, in present-day Pike County at Indiana returned to building homes, The Buffalo Trace played a crucial the western end of the Trace. Ranger founding towns, and preparing for state- role in leading adventurers westward on camps were sprinkled along the Trace— hood. The summer of 1816 saw massive the northern side of the Ohio River, in one in present-day Dubois County near immigration into Indiana where land establishing the Indiana Territory, and the Mud Holes about midway along the was cheaper than in neighboring Ohio. in early Indian treaties. For all it accom- Trace and another in present-day Wash- Settlers flowed in to settle on the lower plished, though, it was still a relatively ington County where the path crosses Wabash and White Rivers. An estimated crude path. A young attorney traveling Big Blue River.25 42,000 people came to Indiana the year to Vincennes reported: For a while things quieted down, and of statehood.28 The journey from Louisville here the Rangers were dismissed. The Indiana In 1819 a traveler on the Trace would be somewhat disagreeable Territory was flourishing. In 1810 the recalled one of the forts near the Mud to a Female. . . . You are obliged to population was 24,520, “‘and there were Holes, noting that there had been “a furnish yourself at Louisville with 33 grist-mills, 14 saw-mills, 3 horse-mills, sort of fort, not 4 years ago, for guard- provisions for yourself and forage for 18 tanneries, 28 distilleries, 3 powder- ing against the Indians, who then your horses, as there is no place at mills, 1,256 looms and 1,350 spinning- committed great depredations, killing 26 which they can be obtained on the wheels.’” whole families often, men, women and road. The journey is commonly per- Trouble between the settlers and children. How changeable are the affairs formed in three days, at night you are the Indians was brewing, however, of this world! I have not met with a obliged to lodge on the ground—and and flared into war with the Battle of single Indian in the whole course of my 29 the whole way nothing but a wilder- Tippecanoe in November 1811. Harrison route.” ness, with no road but a foot path.23 and his troops were victorious there, but As settlements grew and new towns the hostilities grew as the War of 1812 developed, the Buffalo Trace’s course ensued between the United States and was changed and new roads were built. Confrontation along the Trace Great Britain—each side with Indian Parts of the old Trace were abandoned The Buffalo Traces’s condition was allies. The number of Rangers on the in favor of these new routes. But the the least of the travelers’ worries. Har- Buffalo Trace increased in order to old Trace was not quite through evolv- rison’s treaties did not solve the friction better protect the citizens and the road. ing. The ancient path carved by buffalo between American Indians and American Indeed, this time of war was a bloody hooves and Indian moccasins, then settlers; at times they worsened it. Con- one on the American frontier. Massacres followed by horses’ hooves and settlers’ frontations were increasing as the Indians at American settlements by the Indians boots, would witness its first stagecoach accused the settlers of encroachment in turn resulted in the destruction of wheels in 1820. The first stagecoach in and murder. They retaliated by attack- Indian villages by the Americans. In 1815 Indiana served the length of the Trace ing American settlements and accosting the war ended in defeat for the British from New Albany to Vincennes.30 travelers on the Trace.24 and for the American Indians. From that In 1807 a roving band of Indians point on, Indians attacked a family named Larkins. The understood that father was killed, and the rest of the they were under family was taken hostage. This incident the jurisdiction of proved that protection was needed on the United States. the Trace. Eventually, Governor Harrison Many chose to ordered a division of Rangers, headed by migrate north early settler and soldier, Captain William as far as Canada Hargrove, to patrol it. The Rangers built and some moved blockhouses, or small forts, at points west.27 around the settled areas and brought Conflict ended nearby families there to take shelter on the Buffalo when bands of Indians threatened. A Photo of a pioneer tavern in New Albany, Indiana, taken in 1907 (Jay Small Trace. Settlers in blockhouse was erected at White Oak Postcard Collection, P 0391, Indiana Historical Society)

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 39 REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES

Notes 10. Stevens, Centennial History of Wash- 22. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo 1. “Virginia’s First People, Past and Present,” ington County, Indiana, 71; “Franklin Trace, 222; John D. Barnhart and Prince William Network/Virginia County,” in The Kentucky Encyclopedia, Dorothy L. Riker, “Indian Land Cessions: Department of Education, http:// edited by John E. Kleber (Lexington, KY: Harrison’s Treaties, 1803–1809,” in virginiaindians.pwnet.org/history/index University Press of Kentucky, 1992), 355; Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period, vol. .php; John D. Barnhart and Dorothy L. Wilson and Fiske, “Christopher Gist,” 1, The History of Indiana (Indianapolis: Riker, Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period 662. Indiana Historical Society, 1971), 377. (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau 11. Stevens, Centennial History of 23. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo and Indiana Historical Society, 1971), Washington County, Indiana, 71–72. Trace, 230; Edward Hempstead to Jared 61, 80; Donald Creighton, The Story of 12. Ibid., 72. Mansfield, July 30, 1804, in Bulletin of Canada (Toronto: Macmillan Company 13. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo the Chicago Historical Society 2, no. 1 of Canada, 1960), 11–56. Trace, 209–10; George P. Garrison, ed., (March 1936): 26. 2. “Christopher Gist,” in Appleton’s “‘A Memorandum of M. Austin’s Journey 24. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo Cyclopædia of American Biography, vol. from the Lead Mines in the County of Trace, 235–36. 2, edited by James Grant Wilson and Wythe in the State of Virginia to the 25. Ibid.; William Monroe Cockrum, Pioneer John Fiske (New York: D. Appleton and Lead Mines in the Province of Louisiana, History of Indiana, including Stories, Company, 1887), 662. West of the Mississippi,’ 1796–1797,” Incidents, and Customs of the Early 3. Warder W. Stevens, Centennial History American Historical Review 5, no. 3 (April Settlers (Oakland City, IN: Press of of Washington County, Indiana: Its People, 1900): 527–28. Oakland City Journal, 1907), 203–4. Industries, and Institutions (Indianapolis: 14. Garrison, “‘A Memorandum of M. Aus- 26. Stevens, Centennial History of B. F. Bowen and Co., 1916), 81; William tin’s Journey from the Lead Mines in the Washington County, Indiana, 70. Darby, The Emigrant’s Guide to the County of Wythe in the State of Virginia 27. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo Western and Southwestern States and to the Lead Mines in the Province of Trace, 236–39; Samuel Hopkins to Territories (New York: Kirk and Mercein, Louisiana, West of the Mississippi,’ William Henry Harrison, October 6, 1812, 1818), 216. 1796–1797,” 528. in Governors Messages and Letters, vol. 4. Stevens, Centennial History of 15. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo 2, edited by Logan Esarey (Indianapolis: Washington County, Indiana, 47, 81, 651. Trace, 216; Charles Burrall to Worden Indiana Historical Commission, 1922), 5. George R. Wilson and Gayle Pope, December 15, 1797, in The 163; Barnhart and Riker, “Conflict with Thornbrough, The Buffalo Trace Territorial Papers of the United States, the Indians,” in Indiana to 1816, 370–411. (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical vol. 2, edited by Clarence Edwin Carter 28. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo Society, 1949), 184; William Herschell, (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Trace, 240; Waldo F. Mitchell, “Indiana’s “Buffaloes, Indiana’s First Highway Office, 1934), 634. Growth, 1812–1820,” Indiana Magazine Engineers, Finally Get Belated Credit, 16. Ibid., 216–18. of History 10, no. 4 (December 1914): Revealed in an Interesting Review of 17. Postmaster General to James Morrison, 381. their Journeys through the Forests,” March 21, 1799, in The Territorial Papers 29. Thomas Hulme, Hulme’s Journey of Indianapolis News, October 10, 1936; of the United States, vol. 3, edited by a Tour in the Western Countries of George R. Wilson, Early Indiana Trails and Clarence Edwin Carter (Washington: U.S. America—September 30, 1818–August 8, Surveys (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Government Printing Office, 1934), 20. 1819 (Carlisle: Applewood Books, 1828), Society, 1986), 1, 21–22. 18. Elizabeth M. Denehie, “Indiana’s First 62. 6. Harry T. Watts, “The Buffalo Trace Newspaper,” Indiana Magazine of History 30. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo Thru Knox Co.,” 1931, manuscript sent 31, no. 2 (June 1935): 125–27. Trace, 241; John E. Kleber, “Floyd County, from Mrs. Watts to Gayle Thornbrough, 19. Ibid.; Wilson and Thornbrough, The Indiana,” in The Encyclopedia of Louisville Indiana Historical Society, March 8, 1957, Buffalo Trace, 231–34. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, in Roads clipping file, Indiana Historical 20. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo 2001), 302; Stevens, Centennial History Society; Wilson, Early Indiana Trails and Trace, 219–21; William Henry Harrison of Washington County, Indiana, 184, 606. Surveys, 19–20, 22. to Secretary of War, February 26, 1802, A volunteer for the Indiana Historical 7. Wilson, Early Indiana Trails and Surveys, in Governors Messages and Letters, vol. Society, Elizabeth Flynn is a freelance 21, 24. 1, edited by Logan Esarey (Indianapolis: journalist and the mother of two grown 8. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo Indiana Historical Commission, 1922), sons. In 2002 she received the award for 43–44. Trace, 183–84; Wilson, Early Indiana Best Print Feature from the Society of Pro- 21. William Henry Harrison to Secretary Trails and Surveys, 25. fessional Journalists for her article, “Erin 9. Wilson and Thornbrough, The Buffalo of War, July 15, 1801, in Governors Bauer Grows Up,” which appeared in the Trace, 186. Messages and Letters, vol. 1, 27. April 2002 issue of Indianapolis Woman magazine.

40 THG: CONNECTIONS G eNEalogy Across Indiana Hoosier Baptists P art 3: Missionary Associations, 1823–Present Installment 3: Coffee Creek Association, Abbot–Knox

T imothy Mohon

Since first appearing as independent compiled by the author, are published tion for Indiana Baptist associations and local congregations in seventeenth- in Online Connections in the Genealogy their nineteenth-century members, it century England, Baptists have held Across Indiana Department: “Baptist is not complete. It represents less than tenaciously to the autonomy of the Associations in the State of Indiana: half of the information available. More local church. This Baptist distinction has A Roster” (with a key to Baptist sub- work on this important resource would been traditionally troublesome for the denominations); “Baptist Associations make a valuable contribution to histori- genealogist since local autonomy by in the State of Indiana: An Inventory of cal and genealogical research. definition precludes uniformity in record Published Proceedings” (with holdings keeping and record holding. throughout Indiana and in Louisville, COFFEE CREEK ASSOCIATION While rejecting outside control, Kentucky; Atlanta, Georgia; Cleveland, Missionary (1827–present) Baptists historically have sought ways Ohio; and Nashville, Tennessee); and Jefferson, Jennings, and Scott Counties to foster connections among their “Indiana Baptist Associational Minutes By 1826 the Silver Creek association churches. Following the English Civil Printed in the Annual Proceedings of the had grown to twenty-eight churches, War (1642–1649), Baptists began to col- Indiana Baptist Convention, 1916–1931.” which covered a good amount of lect their local bodies into associations. To view these lists, visit the IHS website, territory. It was decided to divide the The Baptist association, unlike dioceses, http://www.indianahistory.org/, and association in two, in order to make the presbyteries, conferences, and other click on the links: Our Services, Family area more manageable. Sixteen of the organizations of denominational bod- History, Family History Publications, and twenty-eight churches­­­­—Coffee Creek, ies, has no ecclesiastical authority over then Online Connections. Concord, Elizabeth, Freedom, Harbert’s member churches, unless the members Second, articles published in The Creek, Indian Creek, Indian Kentuc’y, Lick freely give it authority, which they rarely Hoosier Genealogist: Connections Branch, Middle Fork, Mount Pleasant, do. The first Baptist association to be Genealogy Across Indiana Department, Saluda, Scaffold Lick, Union, Vernon, formed in what is now the United States beginning with the Spring/Summer West Fork, and White River—were dis- was the Philadelphia Baptist Association 2009 issue, give brief histories for sev- missed to form a new body. Meeting at 1 in 1707. eral Indiana Baptist associations, telling the Coffee Creek meetinghouse, Baptists began developing larger when and where they were formed, Jennings County, these churches orga- groupings—state and national con- when they disbanded or were absorbed nized the Coffee Creek association on ventions—in 1814, but not among into other associations, and introducing August 18, 1827.2 all persuasions of Baptists. Therefore, the secondary sources and authors that The Coffee Creek association experi- understanding how, where, and when have discussed these associations. Third, enced such growth that it required two various associations formed can help for those associations addressed in this divisions of its own. In 1832 thirteen the researcher know where to look for article series, where nineteenth-century churches were lettered out to begin the those Baptist records that have been records exist that contain obituaries, a Madison association. Four additional collected in denominational, academic, listing of death notices found in the churches left four years later to start the local, and state libraries and archives. minutes for each association is given in Brownstown association.3 This article series will help in three alphabetical order. The oldest recorded African Ameri- fundamental ways. First, several re- While the article series thus de- can Baptist church in Indiana, with search lists concerning Hoosier Baptists, scribed gives an abundance of informa- nine members, joined the Coffee Creek

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association in 1839. Isaac Sanford and Franklin College Many American Baptist associa- Henry Webb were the messengers. The B. F. Hamilton Library and Archives tions began to include obituaries in their highest reported membership for this 101 Branigin Boulevard annual published proceedings around congregation (twelve) is noted in the Franklin, IN 46131-2623 the middle of the nineteenth century. Coffee Creek Association records for years: 1840 minutes. In 1846 it was named While not uniform in approach and 1827–1854, 1856–1936, 1939, 1952, 1963, Pleasant Run, and it was granted a letter 1964, 1967, 1969–1970, 1974, 1980–1981, scope, these minutes are often similar in 4 of dismission in 1853. 1984–1988, 1990–1992, 1995 format. Some of these death notices in- In addition to the Pleasant Run clude extensive genealogical data, while congregation, the Second Madison Indiana Historical Society others merely list churches with names church, also African American, was a William H. Smith Memorial Library of deceased members from the previous member of the Coffee Creek association 450 West Ohio Street year. Individuals who served as pastors from 1843 to 1848. When admitted to Indianapolis, IN 46202-3269 generally have more extensive accounts. membership, this congregation num- Coffee Creek Association records for years: The Coffee Creek association offers 1891 bered forty-five and was represented by examples of these death notices among Brothers Alexander Duncan and George Indiana State Library Indiana Baptists. Death notices found for D’Baptist/DeBaptist. By 1848 the mem- Indiana Division the Coffee Creek association with last bership had grown to fifty-nine, but the 315 West Ohio Street names beginning with “A” through “K” church is never mentioned in the Coffee Indianapolis, IN 46202 appear below. Death notices beginning Creek proceedings again.5 Coffee Creek Association records for years: with “L” through “Z” will appear in the Not only has the Coffee Creek 1846–1848, 1853–1855, 1874, 1892, Fall/Winter 2013 issue of THG: Connec- association been a strong supporter 1894–1896, 1898, 1900–1912, 1914 tions. After each name is the year of of Baptist missionary efforts, but it the printed minutes that are abstracted, Southern Baptist Historical has been one of the best at recording page number for the entry, and either Library and Archives Baptist history. Early in its associational 901 Commerce Street, #400 a brief account or a full listing of the minutes (1832, 1839–1841), sketches of Nashville, TN 37203-3630 notice. Coffee Creek’s history appear, along with Coffee Creek Association records for years: Coffee Creek Association Death Notices essays covering early Baptist history in 1856–1873, 1875–1876, 1878, 1880, southern Indiana. Few Indiana Baptist 1886–1896, 1899–1902, 1906, 1908–1909, A bbot, Sis. Elizabeth (1893): 8; Newland’s associations have written histories, but 1911–1914, 1916, 1922–1924, 1928, 1930, Creek church. Died October 3, 1893, age Tibbets’s account of the association is 1932, 1945, 1948, 1958, 1961, 1963–1964, 28. 1967–1970 probably the most detailed and helpful Abbot, Bro. John (1892): 11; Hopewell church. Died April 1892. of the collection. Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Abrams, Bro. Elias (1894): 16; Coffee Creek Because associations, like member Archives and Special Collections church. Died September 23, 1893. churches, are autonomous, there are no 2825 Lexington Road Alford, Sis. Mollie (1899): 6; Scottsburg rigid guidelines concerning the archival Louisville, KY 40280 church. Died April 12, 1899, age 28. Coffee Creek Association records for years: storage of their historical records. There- Amos, Sis. Nancy (1899): 6; Lexington fore, the annual minutes of a Baptist 1829, 1831, 1833, 1839, 1846–1848, 1852, church. Died December 24, 1898, age association often can be found in a vari- 1855, 1862, 1869–1870, 1880–1881, 62. 1888–1892, 1895–1964, 1969–1970, ety of locations. Minutes for the Coffee Anderson, Sis. Susan (1897): 5; Kent church. 1974–1975, 1980–1981 Creek Association have been found in Arbuckle, Bro. Alexander (1895): 12; Com- miskey church. Died August 5, 1895, age several repositories: Western Reserve Historical Society 68. Research Library American Baptist Historical Society 10825 East Boulevard Arbuckle, Bro. John (1896): 6; Bethany 3001 Mercer University Drive Cleveland, OH 44106 church. Died August 11, 1896, age 54. Atlanta, GA 30341 Coffee Creek Association records for years: Arbuckle, Sis. Mary (1893): 8; First Marion Coffee Creek Association records for years: 1898 church. Died August 25, 1893, age 73. 1830–1834, 1841, 1844, 1846–1854, Arbuckle, Sis. Mary E. (1891): 15; Bethany 1856–1871, 1873, 1875, 1879–1976, 1980 church. Died August 14, 1891, age 13. 1981, 1984–1987

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The approximate boundaries of Coffee Creek Association in northwestern Jefferson County, eastern Scott County, and southeastern Jennings County, Indiana, depicted here on a 1952 postal route map of Indiana. (Indiana Historical Society)

Austin, Sis. Alice C. (1896): 6; Commiskey Blakely, Sis. Martha (1898): 5; Tea Creek Bridgewater, Sis. Mary (1888): 16; Coffee church. Died November 16, 1895, age church. Died June 4, 1898. Creek church. Died July 15, 1888. 42. Blankenship, Bro. James, Sr. (1848): 5. Died Bridgewater, Bro. Samuel (1885): 8; Baker, Sis. Eva (1897): 5; Lancaster church. “on the twenty-third day of April last . . . Kimberlin Creek church. He “was born Died January 18, 1897, age 33. in the seventy-sixth year of his age, after December 5, 1808, and departed this Barnes, Bro. G. H. (1899): 6; First Marion a very protracted illness, in which he was life January 23, 1885, in the 77th year of church. Died January 13, 1899, age 76. very patient and submissive. His mind his age. He was one of the constituent Barnes, Sis. Mary (1897): 5; Elizabeth church. was clear and his hope bright, faith firm members of our church, and was a faith- Died February 20, 1897, age 79. until his latest breath.” ful and efficient Christian worker during all these years. We greatly miss him in Barnes, Bro. Ollie (1891): 15; Marion church. Bolen, Bro. Absalom (1890): 16; Lick Creek our deliberations here, but trust he has Died December 31, 1890, age 27. church. Boner, Bro. Harrison (1884): 10; Zion church. gone to rest with the Savior whom he Barnes, Sis. Sarah (1896): 6; First Marion served.” church. Died October 4, 1895, age 75. “Though a long time afflicted, bore it patiently and peacefully passed away Bridgewater, Sis. Susan (1888): 16; Kimber- Baylor, Bro. Alexander (1898): 5; New Pros- January 20, 1884.” lin Creek church. pect church. Died January 1897, age 68. Buckles, Sis. Sarah (1889): 16; Marion “Omitted last year.” Bramwell, Sis. Lizzie (1895): 12; Hopewell church. Died June 16, 1895, age 32. church. Died March 29, 1889, age 72. Bennett, Sis. Matilda (1890): 16; Vienna Burnside, Sis. (1879): 12; Lick Branch church. church. Died March 17, 1890. Branham, Mrs. Elizabeth (1900): 5; Zion church. Died April 27, 1900, age 75. Bush, Eld. Zacheriah (1842): 2. “That as a Berlin, Sis. Liza (1884): 10; Lancaster church. tribute of respect to departed merit, we “. . . who had for many years been an Bridge, Sis. (1886): 5; Bethany church. record the death of our most excellent acceptable member, departed this life Bridges, Sis. Anna Belle (1888): 16; Bethany brother . . . who departed this life on September 7, 1883.” church. the 18th day of September, 1841, aged Bridges, Sis. Myrtle (1899): 6; First Marion Bivens, Bro. James (1898): 5; New Prospect about 47 years. As a member of religious church. Died December 16, 1898, age 22. church. Died February 1898, age 70. society, he was ever most exemplary. As Blake, Sis. Katie (1899): 6; Lick Branch Bridgewater, Sis. Abigail (1889): 16; Kimber- a preacher and sweet singer, if not of the church. Died February 18, 1899, age 30. lin Creek church. first order, yet many would have been Blakely, Bro. Fergus (1895): 12; Tea Creek Bridgewater, Sis. Anna (1899): 6; Scottsburg proud to have enjoyed his peculiar quali- church. Died March 25, 1895, age 83. church. Died November 28, 1898, age 34. ties, both for preaching and singing. On

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placed him in the care of an old squaw, who fed and nursed him for a few days, and then sent two of their warriors with him to his family. He had been from then [them?] twenty-seven days. After living in that place two years, he moved back to Kentucky; lived there twelve years, then moved to Indiana in 1809, and lived in sight of the same place for forty-seven years, and died at the age of one hundred and one years, one month and fourteen days. He was a member of the Baptist church over sixty years. In the year 1816 he was set apart by said Church to preach the Gospel, in which calling he labored till within a few years of the close of his life, his health and mind failed. He made very many great Paris Crossing in Jennings County, Indiana, sits close to Coffee Creek and Coffee Creek Baptist sacrifices for the cause of Christ, which church, where the Coffee Creek Baptist Association was organized in 1827. This is a 1907 bird’s- he loved with all his heart, and of which eye view of Paris Crossing. (J. M. Lathrop, An Atlas of Jennings County, Indiana [Philadelphia: D. J. he often spoke to the latest period of his Lake and Co., 1884; updated, Evansville, IN: Unigraphic, 1978]) earthly existence. He now rests from all his labors.” the 2nd day after his death his Carpenter, Sis. Ann (1896): 6; First Marion Chambers, Bro. James (1894): 16; Bethany affectionate companion followed him church. Died March 19, 1896, age 63. church. Died December 24, 1893, age 71. to the grave. They had lived many years Carpenter, Sis. Mary E. (1898): 5; First Chambers, Eld. John (1882): 7–8; White together, and in all the relations of life, Marion church. Died March 1896, age River. “He died in his 83d year, August 5, had so lived as to win for themselves 34. “Omitted last year.” 1882; born June 5, 1800. He joined the the esteem of all the pious followers of Chambers, Eld. Alexander (1857): 5–6. church in March, 1834, and served as the LAMB, wherever they lived and were “Departed this life on the 29th day of clerk from 1835 until 1840. He received best known.” June, 1857. . . in the one hundred and license to preach in May, 1841, and in Buxton, Bro. J. B. (1895): 12; Kent church. second year of his age. He was born March, 1842, was ordained at the hands Died May 10, 1895, age 66. in Rockbridge county, Virginia, on the of Elders J. D. Cox, James B. Swincher Buxton, Sis. Rebecca (1896): 6; Kent church. 15th day of May, 1756, and at the age of and Thomas Hill. On the day of his ordi- Died June 20, 1896, age 67. twenty-three years, moved Reatherford nation he was called to the pastorate of Byfield, Bro. Benjamine (1890): 16; Coffee [sic] county, North Carolina. At the age the church, and continued to serve until Creek church. Died April 7, 1890, age 63 of thirty-four moved to East Tennessee; 1873, excepting only two or three years. years and 7 months. four years afterward, moved to Kentucky, He was earnest, faithful, consistent and punctual. In 1874 he was stricken with Byfield, Sis. Ivy (1887): 9; Coffee Creek and three years after, he moved to paralysis. He continued to grow more church. Illinois. On that trip he got lost from the company of movers, under the helpless, until God heard his prayer, and Cain, Dea. Archibald (1881): 5; Scaffold Lick following circumstances: He went out ‘gave his beloved sleep.’ His works follow church. to shoot a buffalo from a herd that was him.” Cain, Bro. Frank (1877): 8; Bethany church. in view, and after having killed one and Chambers, Sis. Nancy (1867): 5; White River “. . . who died after a painful illness, borne taken from the carcass as much as he church. “Departed this life in the 65th with christian patience.” could carry, it being about sun-set, he year of her age . . . consort of Elder John Cain, Bro. John (1896): 6; Bethany church. missed the trail, there being no roads. Chambers, after a sickness of many Died April 7, 1896, age 77. Darkness set in, he traveled all night, and years, which she bore without a murmur. Cain, Sis. Martha (1893): 8; Bethany church. for sixteen days he wandered alone in She had been a member of the Baptist Died March 17, 1893, age 54. a then entire wilderness. The company church at White River, 33 years prior to Cain, Sis. Mary A. (1898): 5; Scaffold Lick after stopping one day and searching for her death.” church. Died June 11, 1898, age 66. him, moved on supposed that he had Chambers, Sis. Nancy (1891): 15; Bethany been killed by the Indians. On the seven- Callahan, Bro. Frank (1895): 12; New Pros- church. Died February 24, 1891, age 72. teenth day, the Indians found him nearly pect church. Age 24. Chambers, Sis. Rosa N. (1885): 8; Bethany starved. They took him to their camp, church. She “united with God’s people

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at an early age, and lived a devoted Chorman, Sis. Nancy (1889): 16; New interested on the subject of religion, Christian until the Master saw fit to call Land’s Creek church. Died February 7, and united with the Corn Creek Baptist her home on June the 8th 1885.” 1889. Church, in his 17th year, with whom Chambers, Bro. William (1879): 12; White Clannahan, Bro. Wm (1888): 16; Lick Branch he retained his membership until his River church. 89 years old, “the last of church. removal to Jefferson County, Indiana. the constituent members of the Church, Clegg, Sis. Sarah (1879): 12; New Bethel In the year 1825, he was married to a faithful Christian and an earnest church. Emily Hoagland, of Hunter’s Bottom, Ky., by whom he raised five sons and worker.” Cline, Bro. Delmore (1884): 10; Bethany two daughters. He lived to see them all Chambers, Eld. William A. (1867): 5. “De- church. Died November 11, 1883, about made partakers of that rich grace of our parted this life on the 6th day of July, 21 years old. “He was an exemplary blessed Savior, which was his support 1867. . . in the hope of a blessed immor- Christian, faithful and pious in his daily through a long pilgrimage of more than tality, while preaching from Deut. 1st, 25, walk, and died in strong hope of life and half a century. in the church at White River.” immortality beyond the grave.” “He, together with his compan- Chasteen, Bro. David (1890): 16; Scaffold Cline, Bro. Frank (1880): 8; Bethany church. ion, united with the Hopewell Baptist Lick church. Died August 20, 1890. “. . . who died on the 20th of March, after Church, Jefferson County, Ind., in May, Chasteen, Sis. Elizabeth (1887): 9; Scaffold a lingering illness.” 1840, by letter from the Corn Creek Lick church. Died April 11, 1887. Cline, Sis. Lydia (1879): 12; Bethany church. Church, in which he lived, a faithful Chasteen, Bro. Harman (1877): 8; Scaffold Clines, Sis. Ida (1900): 5; First Marion church. and consistent member, until his death, Lick church. Died October 31, 1899, age 25. which took place December 5th, 1867, Chasteen, Bro. John (1885): 7; Scaffold Lick Clines, Bro. James (1893): 8; Bethany church. after a long and painful illness. Faithful- church. Clines, Bro. Jas. (1893): 8; Kent church. ness and consistency were prominent traits in his character, and during his Chasteen, Bro. John (1896): 6; Scaffold Lick Clines, Bro. John C. (1893): 8. Born Sep- long connection with the church, he was church. Died January 28, 1896. tember 1, 1829, age 63. [Listed under ever in his seat at the church meetings, Chasteen, Sis. Kitty J. (1898): 5; Scaffold Lick Newland’s Creek church, but it could be unless prevented by sickness of himself church. Died July 3, 1898, age 73. Kent.] or family. Chasteen, Sis. Margaret (1879): 12; Scaffold Clines, Bro. Wm (1889): 16; Marion church. “Always prompt in the discharge of Lick church. Died February 7, 1889, age 52. christian duty, he was ever ready by his Chasteen, Sis. Matilda (1891): 15; Scaffold Coatney, Sis. Sallie (1884): 10; Bethany prayers and counsels to encourage the Lick church. Died February 27, 1891. church. “. . . was a follower of Christ church and warn the sinner to seek the Chasteen, Sis. Phebe (1877): 8; Scaffold Lick about 42 years. She joined the church salvation of his soul. Firm in his religious church. at the age of 15 years, and died in the views, he was an uncompromising Bap- Chasteen, Bro. R. (1880): 8; Scaffold Lick triumph of faith January 11, 1884; aged tist, yet honoring christianity wherever church. nearly 57.” seen. He enjoyed, in an eminent degree, Chasteen, Sis. Rachel (1891): 15; Scaffold Consley, Sis. Jennie M. (1889): 16; New the confidence of the church, and had Lick church. Died February 9, 1891. Prospect church. Died March 29, 1889, filled the offices of Deacon and Modera- Chasteen, Sis. Rebecca A. (1895): 12; Scaf- age 38. tor, with satisfaction to the church and fold Lick church. Died July 7, 1895, age Conway, Sis. Emily (1880): 8; Hopewell honor to himself. He was a liberal sup- 65. church. Died July 1880. “. . . was born in porter of the cause of Christ, and was for Chasteen, Sis. Robt. (1891): 15; Scaffold Lick Carroll County, Kentucky, in 1803; was many years a member of the Domestic church. Died May 16, 1891. married in 1826; united with the Corn Mission Board of the Coffee Creek Creek Baptist Church in 1837; thus forty- Association, and a friend to every cause Chasteen, Bro. Stephen (1898): 5; Scaffold three years of her life were spent in the that had for its object the spread of the Lick church. Died November 22, 1898, Master’s service. She was the mother Gospel. His hospitality was unbounded. age 70. of five sons and three daughters, all of His house was the home of the minister Chasteen, Lic. Valentine (1844): 2; Scaffold whom are worthy members of the Bap- and the weary pilgrim, who was striving Lick church. Died October 9, 1843. “He tist Church. She died as she had lived, a to make his way Heavenward. was a man of great piety and goodness humble, devoted follower of the Savior.” “Society has lost a useful and of heart.” Conway, Dea. John (1868): 4–5. “. . . was enterprising citizen. The church has Chasteen, Sis. Viola (1879): 12; Scaffold Lick born in Washington County, Ky., De- lost a faithful member. The cause of church. cember 27th, 1800. His father removed Christ a devoted follower and liberal Chitwood, Sis. Della (1892): 11; Scottsburg with his family to Corn Creek, Gallatin supporter, and the family circle a kind church. Died March 28, 1892, age 20. County, (now Trimble County), Ky., in father and an affectionate husband. He the year 1803. Brother Conway became died as he lived: in the hope of a Blessed Immortality.”

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Donahue, Sis. Cora (1898): 5; New Provi- dence church. Died November 15, 1897, age 24. Donecia, Sis. Lizzie (1889): 16; Coffee Creek church. Died February 1889. Donnell, Francis (1900): 5; First Marion church. Died February 25, 1900, age 63. Driggs, Sis. Vina (1894): 16; Hopewell church. Died July 25, 1894, age 37. Ducer, Bro. Phillip (1898): 5; Alpha church. Died May 12, 1898, age 62. Dunham, Sis. Louisa (1886): 5; Coffee Creek church. Earhart, Bro. William (1897): 5; Lancaster church. Died January 16, 1897, age 17. Ebley, Sis. Dora (1899): 6; Elizabeth church. April 30, 1899, age 74. A few of the individuals listed in the obituary notices for the Coffee Creek Association attended Tea Creek Baptist Church in North Vernon, Indiana, pictured here. The IHS library holds a small Ecton, Sis. Sarah (1889): 16; Kimberlin Creek notebook with business meeting minutes from the church dated 1872 to 1886. (Photo from J. M. church. Lathrop, An Atlas of Jennings County, Indiana [Philadelphia: D. J. Lake and Co., 1884; updated, Eick, Bro. Aaron (1896): 6; Bethany church. Evansville, IN: Unigraphic, 1978]) Died January 26, 1896, age 61. Elliot, Sis. Mattie (1890): 16; Lancaster Coons, Sis. Corda (1893): 8; Kent church. Deal, Sis. Emma (1898): 5; Scottsburg church. Coryea, Sis. Elzora (1897): 5; First Marion church. Died November 10, 1897, age 19. Elliott, Bro. Albert (1894): 16; Vienna church. church. Died September 25, 1896, age 17. Deputy, Sis. Belle (1895): 12; Coffee Creek Died November 26, 1893, age 18. Cox, Bro. J. H. (1876): 7; Coffee Creek church. church. Died January 30, 1895, age 46. Elliott, Sis. Elizabeth (1899): 6; Newlands’s Cranshaw, Sis. Lily (1895): 12; Vienna church. Deputy, Sis. Luan (1886): 5; Coffee Creek Creek church. Died November 19, 1894, age 42. church. Died January 9, 1886. Elliott, Bro. Robert W. (1885): 8; New Pros- Crawford, Sis. Mollie (1895): 12; Lancaster Deputy, Sis. Lucy (1894): 16; First Marion pect church. He “died from the effects church. church. Died October 10, 1893, age 22. of a wound in the leg, after an illness of Cutchall, Sis. Mary A. (1879): 12; Bethany Deputy, Sis. Ola (1895): 12; Coffee Creek about six weeks. He had a short time church. church. Died October 1, 1894, age 11½. before been baptized on a profession of faith in Christ, and was considered Cutshaw, Sis. Amanda (1885): 7; Scaffold Dinwiddie, Sis. Mary (1891): 15; Lick Branch a Christian. He died January 12, 1885, Lick church. church. Died July 12, 1891, age 67. aged about 20 years.” Davis, Eld. Benjamin (1848): 5. “Departed Dismore, Bro. Nathaniel (1890): 16; Scaffold Ellis, Sis. Mary (1900): 5; Scaffold Lick this life on the third day of February Lick church. Died November 24, 1889, church. Died February 7, 1900, age 23. last. . . aged seventy years. He had been age 87 years and 7 months. many years a member of the Baptist Dismore, Permelia A. (1893): 8; Scaffold Lick Engles, Bro. Frank (1900): 5; First Marion Church; and, for some twenty years a church. Died January 5, 1893, age 39. church. Died March 11, 1900, age 25. faithful Minister of the Gospel. He de- Dixon, Sis. Eliza J. (1887): 9; Coffee Creek Epley, Sis. Flora J. (1888): 16; Bethany parted with a full assurance of a blessed church. church. immortality and eternal life.” Dixon, Sis. Nancy (1896): 6; Coffee Creek Ewing, Sis. Rosa (1887): 9; Scaffold Lick Davis, Sis. Gertrude (1897): 5; Bethany church. Died December 5, 1895, age 79. church. Died July 20, 1887. church. Died September 1896. Dixon, Bro. Wm. (1886): 5; Coffee Creek Ewing, Sis. Sarah (1898): 5; Zion church. Davis, Sis. Lydia (1880): 8; Scaffold Lick church. Died March 21, 1886, age 71. Died July 16, 1898, age 95. church. Dixon, Bro. Williamson (1887): 9; Coffee Eyck, Sis. Mary E. (1879): 12; Bethany church. Davis, Sis. Mary (1880): 9; Kimberlin’s Creek Creek church. Faris, Sis. Mary E. (1897): 5; Scaffold Lick church. Dodd, Sis. Ella (1887): 9; Coffee Creek church. Died October 16, 1896, age 43. Davis, Bro. W. R. (1891): 15; Zion church. church. Faulkner, Sis. Alice (1896): 6; New Provi- Died February 1891. Doil, Bro. Jabez (1896): 6; Kimberlin [Creek?] dence church. Died July 28, 1896, age church. Died April 1896. 38.

46 THG: CONNECTIONS H oosier baptists

Ferguson, Bro. J. T. (1899): 6; Elizabeth Glover, Sis. Elizabeth (1886): 5; Freedom Griffey, Sis. Catharine (1896): 6; Hopewell church. Died December 21, 1898, age 56. church. Died August 5, 1886, age 89. church. Died June 1896, age 80. Ferris, Bro. Jacob (1895): 12; Lancaster Glover, Eld. James (1856): 5. Died July 3, 1856, Gudgell, Sis. Lona (1890): 16; Bethany church. 64 years old. “As a man, he was honest church. Ferris, Sis. Margaret (1896): 6; Lancaster and upright; as a Christian, unwavering; Guinn, Sis. Margaret E. (1889): 16; Vienna church. Died May 10, 1896, age 88. as a Minister, faithful in his instructions. church. Died May 19, 1889, age 49. Feurgason, Sis. (1886): 5; Elizabeth church. We sustain a great loss in his departure, Hall, Sis. Elizabeth (1890): 16; Coffee Creek Age 39. but we comfort ourselves knowing that church. Died July 15, 1890, age 75. our loss is his gain.” Fewel, Sis. Betsey (1892): 11; Hopewell Hall, Sis. Matilda (1897): 5; Kimberlin church. Age 70. Gobin, Sis. Zarelda (1889): 16; Scaffold Lick [Creek?] church. Died April 1897. church. Died September 12, 1888. Fewel, Bro. Chaffie (1892): 11; Hopewell Hall, Sis. Melinda (1900): 5; Lick Branch church. Age 18. Granger, Sis. Elizabeth (1899): 6; Commis- church. Died July 12, 1900, age 76. key church. Fewel, Sis. Henrietta (1892): 11; Hopewell Hall, Sis. Rose (1900): 5; Newland’s Creek church. Age 56. Granger, Bro. Ephraim (1899): 6; Commis- church. Died February 1900. key church. Fewel, Bro. J. H. (1891): 15; Hopewell church. Hamil, Bro. Isaac (1879): 12; Lancaster Died March 18, 1891, age 87. Green, Sis. Eliza J. (1895): 12; Zion church. church. “. . . for many years Clerk of the Died August 8, 1895, age 65. Fewel, Bro. Sanford (1892): 11; Hopewell Church.” church. Age 66. Green, Bro. Gilbert (1879): 12; Zion church. Hancock, Dea. (1876): 7; Bethany church. Fewell, Sis. Cora (1889): 16; Bethany church. Green, Dea. James (1880): 8–9; Zion church. Hancock, Sis. Cora (1885): 8; Bethany Died April 8, 1889, age 19. Died February 21, 1880, 85 years old. church. A “faithful and devoted Christian “. . . was a native of Tennessee; was mar- Fitch, Sis. Ella (1894): 16; Kent church. Died departed this life to meet her reward on ried in 1812, and with his young family September 12, 1893, age 20. the 21st of July last.” moved to Jennings County, Ind., in 1819; Hancock, Sis. Minnie (1884): 10; Bethany Ford, Dea. Achilles (1879): 12; Hopewell united with the Baptist Church at Ver- church. Died January 13, 1884, 22 years church. “. . . had been a worthy member non in October, 1842, and on the 26th old. “She professed faith in Christ when for fifty years.” of December, 1844, he, with about fifty 10 years old, and lived a Christian life Ford, Sis. Elizabeth A. (1899): 6; Hopewell others, having received letters of dismis- until the last summons came.” church. Died August 22, 1899, age 65. sion from the Vernon Church, united in Ford, Sis. Nancy (1879): 12; Hopewell church. constituting the Zion Baptist Church, of Harding, Sis. Nancy (1899): 6; New Pros- 70 years old. which organization he continued a faith- pect church. Died February 28, 1899, age 64. Ford, Sis. Nettie (1895): 12; Hopewell church. ful member until the Master called him Died April 26, 1895, age 18. home. Brother Green served as trustee Hargraves, Bro. James (1898): 5; Elizabeth for four years. In 1855 he was ordained church. Died June 1898, age 87. Foster, Sis. (1879): 12; Lick Branch church. deacon, and served with faithfulness up Hargraves, Sis. Sarah (1899): 6; Elizabeth Gaddy, Sis. Sarah (1888): 16; Tea Creek to 1878, when, at his own request, on church. Died December 16, 1898, age church. account of his old age and infirmities, he 85. Gady, Bro. Benjamin (1893): 8; Coffee Creek was released from the duties he had so Harris, Sis. Elizabeth (1885): 8; Kimberlin church. Died March 17, 1893, age 76. faithfully performed for 23 years. The Creek church. She “died in her 88th year. Gahn, Bro. C. F. (1899): 6; Tea Creek church. entire community unite with the church She was a strong pillar in the church, and Died January 7, 1899. in saying, indeed, ‘a good man has died in triumphant faith.” fallen.’” Gahn, Sis. Mahala (1888): 16; Zion church. Harris, Sis. Maggie (1893): 8; Newland’s Gannon, Dea. Abram (1881): 5; Zion church. Green, Sis. Mary (1885): 8; Zion church. Creek church. Died January 1893. Widow “of Albert Green. . . . departed Gannon, Sis. Margaret (1881): 5; Zion Hartwell, Sis. Susan (1891): 15; Tea Creek this life December 28, 1884. She had church. church. Died March 27, 1891. been a faithful member for more than Garrett, Sis. Susan (1892): 11; Hopewell forty years, and very many friends Hazel, Sis. Mary B. (1887): 9; Elizabeth church. Age 17. mourn her loss. But she has gone to church. Died August 14, 1887, age 65. Giltner, Sis. Nancy (1890): 16; Lancaster meet her companion and with him be Henney, Sis. Margaret (1895): 12; Elizabeth church. Died February 21, 1890, age 65. with Jesus, where there will be no more church. Died July 30, 1895, age 68. Gladden, Sis. Sarah (1880): 9; Kimberlin’s parting and where pain and death can Henry, Sis. Delilah (1879): 12; Bethany Creek church. never come.” church. Glendy, Bro. D. C. (1892): 11; New Lands Green, Sis. Mary (1886): 5; Zion church. Hill, Rev. Allen (1898): 5–6. “Among the hills Creek church. Died May 28, 1892, age Died August 19, 1885, age 87. of Coffee Creek Association, our brother 29.

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 47 G eNEalogy Across Indiana

. . . spent his childhood, and grew to unwearying and exemplary Christian, of Virginia, where, at the age of nineteen manhood. In 1861 the war made neces- the Baptist denomination, and at the years, he entered the army, and served sury [sic] the enlistment of men for the time of her death, a member of the Cof- a three month’s tour in the war of the defense of the nation. Brother Hill fee Creek church.” American Revolution. On the 26th of assisted in raising a company and was Hill, Sis. Susan (1865): 5; Died July 27, 1865, October, 1786, he was married to Mary made Captain of company H, 27th Indi- age 69. Stone, by whom he had five sons. About ana Vol. Inft., and continued to serve un- Hill, Eld. Thomas, Jr. (1876): 7. “He was the year 1788 or ‘89 it pleased the good til disabled by disease, when he resigned born in 1797; ‘Born again’ in 1822, and Lord to awaken him to a sense of his and returned home. In February, 1865, became a member of the Coffee Creek condition as a sinner, and after some he was led to see himself a sinner, and Baptist Church; was licensed to preach months of sorrow and distress on the accepted Christ. In April, 1869, he was in 1823, and ordained to the ministry in account of sin, he was enabled to trust licensed to preach, and was ordained 1825. For thirteen years he labored as in the Lord Jesus Christ, and realize a minister the 22nd of January 1870. a general Missionary; part of the time peace in believing. He immediately After supplying numerous churches in in the employ of the American Baptist began to exhort his fellow men to flee Illinois for eight years, he was induced to Home Mission Society, and part of from the wrath to come. He united with return to the old homestead in Indiana, the time of the General Association of the Baptist Church, was baptized by and take the pastorial [sic] care of the Indiana. Joseph Anthony, and received a license Coffee Creek church, which had enjoyed from the Church to preach the Gospel. “In 1838, he became pastor of the the tender watchcare of his father, Rev. His companion, a few months after, Coffee Creek Church, and continued in Thomas Hill, jr., for almost thirty years, made profession of religion, and united that relation thirty years. He preached and had been founded by his grandfather, with the same Church. After laboring a the gospel for 53 years; was Moderator Rev. Thomas Hill, senior, in 1822. Since few years in Virginia, he removed to East of this Association 39 years, and a mem- his return to Indiana, Brother Hill has Tennessee, where he resided about four ber of Coffee Creek Church 54 years. He held pastorates at Coffee Creek, Free- years. In the fall of 1798, he removed fell asleep in Jesus, March 27, 1876, in dom, Zion, Tea Creek, F[i]rst Marion and to Kentucky, and settled near Som- the 79th year of his age. Lick Branch in Coffee Creek Associ- erset, Pulaski county, and united with ation; Vernon, in Madison Associ- “Brother Hill was a man of the age. the Church at Sinking Creek, Thomas ation, North Vernon in Sand Creek For integrity and solidity of character he Hansford, Pastor. He soon began to hold Association, also at Galveston, Clayton was excelled by none. As a minister he meetings in a destitute neighborhood and Spencer which latter pastorate he stood pre-eminent among his brethren. about eight miles distant, and in a short held at the time of his death. For nearly He was decidedly a textual preacher, time under his labors, a church was three years he was State Evangelist; and always found his text in God’s Book. raised up called White Oak, of which establishing new churches and Sunday He was sound in Theology; a very safe he became Pastor. He was ordained the Schools. He had been afflicted for some adviser and faithful teacher. He was 2d day of February, 1800, by Thomas months past, but none, unless it was honest in all his convictions of right; an Hansford and James Fears. He contin- himself, thought the end was so near. It earnest sympathizer with the oppressed; ued his labors with the above named was hoped that he would soon be able a warm and liberal friend to the poor. Church, and sustained the relation of to resume his pastoral work; but how He was a man of strong faith and ‘effec- Pastor for about 17 years, during which little we know about the length of our tual prayer;’ and was one of the earliest many were added to the Church. He stay here; thus unexpectedly came the advocates and a leader in the cause of labored successfully in other Churches, messenger of death to our Brother and Temperance; a pioneer in every good and neighborhoods, especially in the peacefully and with a heavenly smile cause in Southern Indiana. neighborhood where he lived. He was upon his face he fell asleep in Jesus, “Earnest and very eloquent in his the favored instrument under God in August 4th, 1898, aged 67 years 6 preaching, he was always listened to the conversion of many souls. In March, months and 24 days. . . . Our Brother with attention and deep interest, and his 1817, he removed to Indiana, Jennings . . . entered upon this life’s journey in brethren in the ministry especially were county, and united with a small Church Jennings County, Indiana, January 10th, always delighted to form a part of his called Graham’s Fork, was chosen Pastor, 1831.” audience. He was a man of God. He has and continued to serve the Church as Hill, Sis. Mary (1845): 2; Coffee Creek entered his Master’s employ above, and such, until May, 1822, at which time church. “Departed this life on the 24th his ‘works do follow him.’” the Coffee Creek Church was organized day of October, 1844, our beloved Hill, Eld. Thomas, Sr. (1848): 5–6. His son, in his immediate neighborhood, and sister . . . consort of Elder Thomas Hill, Eld. Thomas Hill, Jr., wrote the follow- under his labors. He was a member in and mother of our present Moderator, ing sketch: “. . . was born March 17, 1763, the constitution, was chosen pastor, and Thomas Hill, jr., in the 74th year of her in the State of New Jersey. While he continued his pastorship for a number of age, having been for near 57 years an was yet small, his parents removed to years, until, at his own request, he was

48 THG: CONNECTIONS H oosier baptists

released in consequence of the infirmi- Hoard, Bro. Ollie (1889): 16; Coffee Creek Notes ties of age. . . . He labored faithfully, and church. Died November 15, 1888, age 1. Parts of this article were published previ- had the satisfaction to know that his 28. ously in The Hoosier Genealogist in an labor was not in vain in the Lord. Many Holwager, Sis. Caroline (1899): 6; Lick introduction to Timothy Mohon, “Death yet live who claim him as their father in Branch church. Died October 27, 1898, Notices in the Annual Minutes of the the gospel, while many others who were age 53. Friendship Baptist Association in Central brought into the fold of Christ through Hopper, Sis. Mahala (1887): 9; Scaffold Lick Indiana, 1855–1900,” Part 1: A–E (Fall his instrumentality, are gone to enjoy church. Died May 1887. 2002): 164–67; Part 2: F–S (Winter 2002): that rest which remains to the people Howell, Sis. Nancy (1879): 12; White River 238–41; and Part 3: T–Z and Church of God. church. Roster (Summer 2003): 96–101. “On the 24th October, 1844, he Hufford, Sis. Elizabeth (1892): 11; Bethany 2. J[oshua] C. Tibbets, History of Coffee was called to part with his bosom com- church. Creek Baptist Association, Southern panion, with whom he had lived nearly Indiana, an Account of Present Churches fifty-eight years. She had been a faithful Hughes, Sis. Eliza (1898): 5; Hopewell burden bearer with him in all his labors church. Died May 10, 1898, age 59. and Biographical Sketches of Its Ministers and toils. The bereavement to him was Hughes, Sis. Malinda (1888): 16; First Marion (Cincinnati: Elm Street Printing, 1883), very painful, but he comforted himself church. Died May 17, 1888, age 73. 30–31, online at Open Library, http:// with the thought that his loss was her Humphrey, Bro. Woodford (1897): 5; Kent openlibrary.org/books/OL23666667M gain. He continued to labor as far as church. /History_of_Coffee_Creek_Baptist _Association_(Southern_Indiana). health and strength would permit, and Humphreys, Bro. J. H. (1888): 16; Hopewell 3. Ibid., 57–59. when by reason of age he was no longer church. able to travel out and visit neighboring 4. Throughout this article series, the pub- Humphreys, Bro. Samuel (1882): 7; churches, he was still faithful in attend- lished proceedings of annual meetings Hopewell church. ing the meetings of his own beloved for various Indiana Baptist associations church, even when unable to walk with- Hunt, Sis. Emily (1898): 5; First Marion are designated as Minutes. Minutes, Cof- out being supported; and, frequently at church. Died October 10, 1897, age 55. fee Creek Baptist Association (1839): 2; the close of meeting would lean upon Hunt, Bro. James (1899): 6; First Marion (1840): 1; (1846): 3; (1853): 5. his staff and exhort his brethren and church. Died April 19, 1899, age 64. 5. Minutes, Coffee Creek Baptist Associa- sisters to faithfulness in duty, and point Hunter, Bro. Levi (1879): 12; New Bethel tion (1843): 1; (1848): 3. sinners to the Lamb of God who taketh church. away the sins of the world. Ireland, Bro. Samuel (1890): 16; Hopewell Reverend Timothy Mohon, MDiv, is “He departed this life on Monday church. Died August 1890. senior pastor of First Baptist Church of Greenfield, Ohio, and is past president of the twenty-second of May, 1848, after James, Bro. George (1891): 15; Scaffold Lick the American Baptist Churches of Ohio. a short but painful affliction occasioned church. Died February 9, 1891. by a fall. The last month of his life was Mohon authored a chapter titled “Church James, Sis. J. Catherine (1900): 5; Scaffold Records” in the IHS’s award-winning book to him a season of more than usual Lick church. Died August 26, 1899. religious enjoyment. He died in hope of Finding Indiana Ancestors: A Guide to Jeffries, Sis. Ellen (1885): 8; Lick Branch a blessed immortality. In his last illness Historical Research (2007). He is also the church. Died March 11, 1885, age 40. he remarked to his friends that he felt author of the following articles in The willing to go, and after a few moments Johnson, Bro. Alvin (1889): 16; Tea Creek Hoosier Genealogist: “The Joys and Frus- repeated yes, I feel willing to go, my church. trations of Researching Indiana Baptist hope is in Jesus Christ, I have no confi- Johnson, Bro. Basil (1890): 16; Tea Creek Records” (Fall 2002); “Source Material dence in the flesh. church. Died May 18, 1890. for Southern Methodism in Brown County, 1874–1907” (Summer, Fall 2005); and “On the following day, at three Kay, Sis. Lucy (1894): 16; Coffee Creek “Gosport Lodge No. 160, Knights of Pyth- o’clock, his funeral sermon was church. Died February 20, 1894. ias, 1886–1936, Owen County, Indiana” preached at the Coffee Creek meeting Kinder, Bro. Edward (1894): 16; Tea Creek (Winter 2005). house by Elder James B. Swincher, from church. 1st Chronicles, 29th chapter, 15th verse. . King, Sis. Mary (1896): 6; Elizabeth church. . . After which his remains were fol- Died October 14, 1895, age 35. lowed by a very large procession to the Kinney, Sis. Sarah E. (1894): 16; First Marion graveyard, where they were interred by church. Died March 12, 1894, age 42. the side of his dear companion, there to remain until the resurrection morn.” Knox, Sis. Jennie (1893): 8; Coffee Creek church. Died June 14, 1893, age 37. Hoagland, Sis. Elizabeth (1896): 6; Scaffold Lick church. Age 80.

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 49 f amily Records Marie Ester Brandt’s Diaries A Hanover, Indiana, Resident Writes about Family, War, and Life in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

lCal ie McCune and Chelsea Sutton

Reading someone’s diary can feel like an invasion of the writer’s privacy, but it can also be one of the most difficult kinds of books to put down. Diaries, after all, appeal to a basic human instinct—curiosity. For genealogists, diaries can be disappointing—lack- ing in personal detail or unvaried, only noting the weather or daily chores. However, they can also be a wealth of information, revealing an ancestor’s personality, displaying his/her religious or political views, as well as describing day-to-day life on the farm or in town. Diaries can show how family members worked together and relied on each other for support in an ever-changing world. They can also personalize the historical context in which the ancestor lived. The diaries of Marie Ester Brandt are a prime example of diaries as gold mines of information; they provide a look at how she and her family went about daily life in southern Indiana during the mid-nineteenth century and they tell us about the lives of Americans during this tumultuous period.

From 1849 to 1869 in small-town grants Felix Brandt (1789–1829) and Hanover, Indiana, Marie wrote 2,331 Celia/Cecilia/Cecile (Jenneret/Jeanneret/ pages of diary entries, all self-numbered. Jennaret-Gris) Brandt (1795–1855).2 Her She first wrote in her diary on Thanks- parents came to Indiana around 1818.3 giving Day, November 29, 1849, that Marie had six siblings who survived into Photograph of Marie Ester Brandt, holding an unidentified child, ca. 1910 (Marie Ester she wanted a “Cronicle of events, for adulthood. The eldest of the Brandt Brandt Collection, M 0024, Indiana Historical 1 future refference.” Marie, variously children, Cecile/Cecelia Brandt (1816– Society) called Mary and Ester, was twenty-six 1883), was born in Switzerland, remained when she began writing her observa- single, and, until her death, lived with married life in Brownstown, Indiana. tions—from the day’s weather, her sib- Marie.4 Lucie/Lucy/Lucia (Brandt) Crocker The Applewhites had ten children, three lings’ comings and goings, town gossip, (1818–1892), the second child, mar- of whom lived to adulthood.7 The two church news, and books she was reading ried Dr. Henry A. Crocker (1815–1900) remaining children born to Felix and at the time. Marie’s diary is an interest- in 1837 and had five children. By 1850 Celia were Henry (1826/1827–1863) ing look into the life of a single woman Lucie’s family had moved to Payson, Illi- and Adella/Adele (1830–1858). Henry, in the middle part of the nineteenth nois, where Henry worked as a physician like his sisters Cecile and Marie, re- century; she never married or had chil- and druggist.5 mained single. Adella married William D. dren, so it may seem like a dead-end for In 1820 Felix and Celia had their first Thomas in 1856 and died soon after.8 genealogy. However, from her diary and son, Felix C. Brandt (1820–1885), who Henry and Adella give examples of others like it, you may be able to piece became a merchant and postmaster how difficult it is to construct a genealogy together an ancestor’s relationship with in Hanover. He and his wife, Elizabeth, from census, birth, and death records elders, siblings, or friends, as well as an had seven children.6 After Marie was alone. In Indiana birth and death records understanding of life in a particular time born in 1823, the Brandts had another are sparse before the 1880s.9 Wills can and place. daughter, Josey/Josephine (1825–1893). also present a few challenges, especially Marie Ester Brandt (1823–1915) was Josey married attorney and judge Ralph if a will includes names that are unfamil- born to French-speaking Swiss immi- Applewhite, and they spent most of their iar to the researcher. In estate records,

50 THG: CONNECTIONS Marie’s father, who died in 1829, lists his beneficiaries as: “Lucia, Felix H., Mary Ester, Joseph L., Charles Abram, Henry, Adella Harriet, Cecile (daughter), and Celia (mother).”10 This entry in Jeffer- son County’s Probate Book D-5 poses problems. Who are Joseph L. Brandt and Charles Abram Brandt? The first question may be easily answered if you remember that Mary had a sister named Josephine. The diary would suggest that there was not a person named Joseph in the family, but that the probate book Steamboats on the Ohio River would have been a familiar sight to Marie Brandt. This photo actually meant Josephine, known in the of the steam packet, Lizzie Bay, was taken near Madison, Indiana, ca. 1900. (B. F. Callis Col- diary as Josey. lection, P 0347, Indiana Historical Society) Who is Charles Abram? This is where the documentation gets tricky. Only a year later, Ralph sold his inter- contracts something that Marie calls According to the Hanover Cemetery est in the company to Henry. In 1855 “Zazoo fever” in June 1863. Henry was Records Index, Felix and Celia had a son Marie writes about Henry starting off brought home to Hanover where Marie in December 1821 named Abram, who for Memphis, stating, “I took his leaving and Cecile nursed him until he died died in July 1822. Most of the Brandt so hard that he did not start, and very in early August. The entry concerning siblings are buried in Hanover Cemetery. fortunate it has proved as he got a letter Henry’s death is the longest single entry Only Lucie and Josey are missing. One of this evening stating that there was but in all of Marie’s diaries, spanning nearly the headstones in the Brandt family plot little market for G——[?] Mesquite.”14 two full pages. While mystery may reads, “C. A. H. Brandt, July 10, 1826, Although no Civil War records from surround Henry’s occupations and vital to August 9, 1863.”11 Could C. A. H. be Indiana have been found to corroborate dates, there seems little doubt that he Charles Abram Henry? If so, the census the statement, Marie writes in August was Marie’s much beloved brother.18 record for 1860 would corroborate 1862 of Henry having a “Liutentants Celia Brandt, Marie’s mother, is not C. A. H.’s age, and Marie’s diary would Commission to recruit a company discussed much in the diaries due to her corroborate the approximate date of his for the Cavalry Regiment.”15 Henry’s death in early 1855. When Marie mentions death.12 recruiting job may have been short-lived, her mother, she often only discusses her The name in the probate book is not because in July 1862, the U.S. Congress in relation to household chores. However, the only mystery surrounding Marie’s authorized President Abraham Lincoln on June 28, 1853, Marie notes that younger brother Henry. Marie writes to begin the drafting process. Indiana’s her mother “bought a couple of rings about Henry a great deal in the diaries, Governor Oliver P. Morton immediately and a pair of specks, she made Josey usually about his different ventures in began drafting soldiers in the state. and I a present of the rings.” Despite work and learning, and census records Though drafting was a controversial her mother’s thoughtfulness, Marie indicate his occupation as merchant. decision, Marie seems to have been in intimates that she “take[s] no pleasure However, in 1850, it appears Henry favor of it, stating, “Those who have in sporting jewelry.”19 In 1854 Marie, in caught gold fever. Marie states, “Henry been holding back and discouraging a matter-of-fact tone, describes her came back from Brown Co[.] [T]he enlistments may have to go now, and it mother’s last illness. On Christmas Day, prospect of gold is not very flattering will be good for them, may the lot fall 1854, Marie writes that they have no but he is not willing to give up the chase to the right ones.”16 time to celebrate. She states that they till he gives it a fair trial.”13 According to Then in 1863 Henry and Ralph again “did a good sized washing and were busy the obituary of Josey’s husband, Ralph seem to go into business together as all day” and then comments, “Mother Applewhite, he and Henry were in a wholesalers supplying the 67th Regi- has been talking out of her right mind a “mercantile business” together in 1852. ment, “going down to Grants Army.”17 It good deal today.”20 By February Marie is on one of these journeys that Henry and her sisters had been nursing their

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 51 f amily Records

them most when she received letters from Lucie or sent letters to her. Census records list Dr. Henry Crocker, Lucie’s husband, as a physician, druggist, and merchant between 1850 and 1880, always in Payson, Illinois.24 Dr. Crocker’s occupations, in addition to their growing family of five children in the 1850s and 1860s, would explain why there are few mentions of Lucie visiting. Josey is mentioned little more than Lucie, even though she and her family settled only forty miles from Hanover, in Brownstown, Indiana. According to her obituary in the Brownstown Ban- ner on January 12, 1893, Josey was a beloved member of the religious and social circles in the town where she and her family had resided almost perma- nently since 1854.25 However, there is an This portion of Marie Brandt’s diary from April 28, 1865, mentions the slaying of John Wilkes interesting anecdote in Marie’s entry for Booth and the capture of one of his co-conspirators in the assassination of President Abra- March 19, 1853, which concerns two of ham Lincoln. (Marie Ester Brandt Collection, M 0024, Indiana Historical Society) Josey’s children. Marie writes of a letter in which Josey told them that “Burtie mother for at least two months. On and Will Milsap again; she married Wil- has a tooth and can stand alone. Jimmy February 20, 1855, two days after Celia’s liam D. Thomas in 1856. Adella already runs about the yard but is very fretful. death, Marie writes that her mother seems to be in uncertain health in 1850 Sis [Josey] think[s] his aunt Ester ought “suffered on till sunday her tongue and when she is mentioned as having a to have him to make him behave.”26 It is one arm was paralized. [S]he was not disease “of a nervous kind and does not possible that Marie was the quintessen- 21 able to converse.” readily give way to medical treatment.” tial maiden aunt—loving everyone, but Similarly, there is little detail about She dies soon after delivering a stillborn not afraid to keep them in line. It seems 22 Marie’s relationships with her sisters son in February 1858. little Jimmy, James F. Applewhite, must within the diaries. She talks about what In the January 1851 entry, Marie have shaped up a bit by the time he her sisters were doing each day, espe- writes that her mother received a letter had grown up. On December 31, 1868, cially Cecile and Adella before Adella’s from a Mrs. Gibson, who had a “beaux two months before Marie’s diaries end, marriage in 1856, but she does not go for Cecile a Presbytearian preacher with Marie writes that Josey and her husband into detail about the things they talk five children. [S]he wants to know if had decided to send him to college in 23 about or do for fun. Neither, for the she will allow him to make her a call.” Hanover.27 most part, does Marie discuss whether Cecile’s reaction to Mrs. Gibson’s “beaux” Felix C. Brandt is a walk-on character she or her sister Cecile would have liked is not included in Marie’s diary nor is in Marie’s diaries. He is never discussed to have gotten married. However in there a mention as to whether or not at length, likely because his visits to January 1851, Marie does, for a fleeting the Presbyterian preacher with five Marie and her sister and mother were so moment, give us a glimpse of this aspect children ever came to visit. regular. However, he was probably the of her family’s life. Adella, who was not Lucie, the second of the Brandt most prominent Brandt family member yet twenty-five, “recieved a new years siblings, is probably mentioned least in who remained in Hanover. Accord- present from Will Milsap, a very pretty the diaries. She and her husband lived ing to his obituary in the New Albany bound coppy of Miltons Paradise Lost.” the farthest from the rest of the Brandt Public Press on December 16, 1885, Felix Nothing is ever mentioned about Adella family in Illinois, and Marie wrote about

52 THG: CONNECTIONS Marie Ester Brandt’s Diaries

was a “leading merchant and resident 1860 she writes that Leslie Owens was Pledge.” The Cadets of Temperance was of Hanover for over fifty years, and killed while playing with another boy. an organization that began in Indiana in probably known to every student that “[T]hey were out with a gun, and were the mid-1840s. It was open to girls and ever attended Hanover College.”28 He snaping caps at each other, and thought boys between the ages of twelve and is listed as a postmaster for the years the load was already discharged.” The twenty-one. In order to be members 1861–1866, and it is likely that the Owens, Marie mentions, lived just they had to have “good character, in post office was inside the store that across the street.31 These two instances addition to which they were obliged to Felix owned at the northeast corner of in the diaries show that, just like today, take an oath not to drink liquors as a Main and Main Cross. His son, Felix J. lives were filled with both humor and beverage.”33 Her interest in temperance Brandt, later ran the store and served sadness. is demonstrated in some of the town as postmaster between 1885–1889 and Much of the diary, especially in the news she shares. In October 1852 Marie 1893–1897 in this location.29 There was early years, is devoted to Marie teach- writes about Sarah Tyree, “a Negro with no home mail delivery in Hanover at ing Sunday school. According to Marie’s one child,” who married a man who this time, so many of the town residents obituary in the Western Christian Ad- “was so drunk, he needed steadying to would have seen both father and son on vocate, a Methodist weekly newspaper stand on the floor[.] [A]fter the cer- a regular basis to get mail as well as to whose circulation was the largest in the emony he sat down and sung ‘I am not do their shopping. nation in 1831, she “never missed an ashamed to own my Lord.’” Marie also Marie’s diaries are full of the day’s opportunity of speaking of the benefits includes the following tidbit about race weather, chores, and family news; in of the church paper in the home.”32 Tied relations in Hanover while discussing addition, they occasionally provide a to Marie’s deep religious faith was her this same wedding: “Most of the town glimpse of Hanover’s news and gossip. belief in the Temperance Movement was invited and blackeys and whiteys set As in her other entries, Marie rarely pro- that was spreading across the country in down to the tables together.”34 vides extensive opinions about people or the mid-nineteenth century. She notes Throughout the diaries, Marie never occurrences, but the little she does write the organization of a Cadets of Temper- explicitly states her position on slavery, is enough to illustrate her impressions. ance in the Hanover area in January but it seems safe to assume she was For example, Marie shares an anecdote 1850. “It was,” she said, “to be hoped opposed to the practice. In August 1861, about Miss Gilpin, a fellow Hanover the youngsters will stand fast to their four months into the Civil War, Marie resident: “They say that Miss Gilpin goes to Mrs Teovels every day to see Proff Knox. . . . That is always the way when a lady visits a house where there are young gentlemen they are shure to say she goes to see them.”30 Marie’s tone implies that people generally assumed that unwed ladies must always be hunting for a husband. After spending many hours with Marie’s writing, you can almost imagine her rolling her eyes in indignation and humor. Reading her diaries gives shape to her personality; her humor is subtle and dry, so it takes some time to get acquainted with it and recognize those passages. Marie’s entries move from the hu- morous to the tragic, such as when she writes about a young boy shot and killed A view of a residential street in Hanover, Indiana, in 1909, where Marie Ester Brandt lived most of accidentally by another boy. In August her life from 1823 to 1915 (Jay Small Postcard Collection, P 0391, Indiana Historical Society)

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 53 f amily Records

explanation. Whether Marie kept writing or not will probably remain a mystery. She spent the majority of the remaining forty-seven years of her life in Hanover. However, when she died on February 28, 1915, at the age of 91, Marie was in New York at the home of Jennie B. (Dunn) Leland and Samuel R. Leland.37 Accord- ing to census records, Jennie lived with Cecile and Marie from approximately age eight, as either a companion or housekeeper, until her marriage in 1907. The couple soon moved to the East Coast, and it appears that Marie may have moved with the Lelands to New York sometime after 1910.38 However little detail exists for the latter part of Marie’s life, her diaries supply rich context for ancestral stories. They tell the day-in/day-out story of people who lived in small-town, middle America at the end of the nineteenth century; while allowing readers to travel through one of the most turbulent times in United States history. Marie’s diaries are also intimate. They help piece together the lives of one family in Hanover, Indiana, while simultaneously giving readers a real sense of their au- thor—a deeply religious, family-oriented, nineteenth-century woman with a keen eye for observation and a wonderfully Marie Ester Brandt, ca. 1910 (Marie Ester Brandt Collection, M 0024, Indiana Historical Society) wry sense of humor. writes about a sermon given by a Mr. are so divided, the Democratic party are Notes Forbes on slavery: “[Q]uite a no [num- regularly organized against the govern- 1. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, November 29, 1849, in Marie Ester Brandt Collection, ber] of our congregation did not come ment and openly make their boasts of 1849–1869, ca. 1900, M 0024, Indiana to hear him. [T]hey think a preacher has what they will do.” She implores God Historical Society. This collection con- 36 no business to preach on that subject, to counteract these evils. Though tains eight diaries, which have been ar- 35 I liked his sermon very well.” Marie, Marie often references these and other chived on two reels of microfilm, along living in Indiana where there was dis- national events and occasionally prof- with a few photographs. The finding aid sonance among the population regard- fers her opinions, her diary is also full of for this collection, written by Shirley ing whether to belong to the Union or family and town news unrelated to the Yegerlehner and Dorothy A. Nicholson the Confederacy, firmly believed in the Civil War. in May 2011, was extremely helpful in Union as the righteous path. She often Marie’s diary continues four years the process of writing this article. 2. Documentation on Celia Brandt’s referred to the Confederate army as past the end of the Civil War in much maiden name was taken from John W. linked with Satan. In one entry from the same way. Then it ends rather McCoy’s extensive work on the set- January 1863 Marie states, “Our people abruptly on February 13, 1869, without tlers of Vevay and Switzerland County,

54 THG: CONNECTIONS Marie Ester Brandt’s Diaries

Indiana. Many of the records in McCoy’s and Records Administration (NARA) 8. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, August 10, database were unable to be verified microfilm roll 83, page 178, image 1863; Slevin, Jefferson County, Indiana, by the authors due to geographic and 369, available at Ancestry.com; 1850 Marriage Records, 1811–1873, 22; DAR, lingual limitations. For further details U.S. Census for Henry Crocker, Payson, “Hanover Cemetery Index, Jefferson see entries for “Cécile Brandt” and “Félix Adams County, Illinois, NARA microfilm County, Indiana”; Madison Presbyterian Brandt” in McCoy’s, “The Swiss Settle- roll M432_97, page 188A, image 383, Church Records for “Adell Hawville ment of Vevay, Indiana: The Settlers, available at Ancestry.com; 1860 U.S. Brandt,” roll 213, page 93, from Madi- Their Relatives, Their Associates,” Census for Henry A. Crocker, Payson, son–Jefferson County Public Library, available via RootsWeb and Ancestry Adams County, Illinois, NARA micro- index available at http://www.mjcpl.org .com at http://www.rootsweb.ancestry film roll M653_155, page 714, image /historyrescue. .com/~chevaud/vevay/. The birth and 370, available at Ancestry.com; 1870 9. Finding Indiana Ancestors: A Guide to death dates for Marie Ester Brandt and U.S. Census for Henry Crocker, Payson, Historical Research, edited by M. Teresa her parents are taken from the “Hanover Adams County, Illinois, NARA microfilm Baer and Geneil Breeze (Indianapolis: Cemetery Index, Jefferson County, Indi- roll M593_183, page 358B, image 727, Indiana Historical Society Press, 2007), ana,” compiled by an unspecified branch available at Ancestry.com. 126. Death registration in Indiana began of the Daughters of the American Revo- 6. Felix’s dates are taken from the DAR’s in 1882. Deaths before this year can be lution in 1941. These records have been “Hanover Cemetery Index, Jefferson found within the county health depart- digitized and are available through the County, Indiana.” Also see: “Indiana ments, but are many times scarce, as is USGenWeb at http://www.ingenweb Items,” New Albany Public Press, Decem- the case in Jefferson County before 1879. .org/injefferson/hanovercem.html. ber 16, 1885; Frank S. Baker, Hanover: Though undertaker records and news­‑ 3. Pinning down the exact timing of the Our Home Town! (Hanover, IN: F. Baker, paper accounts can help to fill these Brandts’ arrival on American soil is tricky 1984), 31–32; 1850 U.S. Census for holes, neither one provided fruitful due to incomplete records for this time Felix Brandt, South Hanover, Jefferson evidence in the cases of Henry or Adella period. Nevertheless, multiple dates are County, Indiana, NARA microfilm roll Brandt. cited for their immigration, ranging from M432_154, page 160B, image 327, avail- 10. Robert W. Scott, Entry for Felix Brandt, 1816 to 1818. See: Alien and Citizenship able at Ancestry.com; 1860 U.S. Census in Book B, 1839, Probate Book D-5, Records for Jefferson County, “Felix for Felix C. Brandt, Hanover Township, in “Wills, Administrations, and Estate Brandt,” Book B, 1818–1821; “Cecile Jefferson County, Indiana, NARA micro- Settlements of Jefferson County, Brandt,” Western Christian Advocate, film roll M653_270, page 570, image Ind.” (N.p., 2000; originally compiled April 4, 1855; History of Dearborn, Ohio, 274, available at Ancestry.com; 1870 U.S. from courthouse records by John Paul and Switzerland Counties, Indiana, from Census for F. C. Brandt, Hanover Town- Chapter, DAR, ca. 1940s), available Their Earliest Settlement (Chicago: Weak- ship, Jefferson County, Indiana, NARA via MyIndianaHome.net. According to ley, Harraman and Co., 1885), 506, 515; microfilm roll M593_328, page 225B, this source, Felix Brandt has entries in Frank S. Baker, “A Hanover Lady Keeps image 68, available at Ancestry.com; three separate books, each of which a Diary 2,331 Pages Long,” in More 1880 U.S. Census for F. C. Brandt, varies with the names and number of Glimpses of Hanover’s Past, 1827–1988 Hanover, Jefferson County, Indiana, beneficiaries. The example used in this (Seymour, IN: Graessle–Mercer, 1988), NARA microfilm roll 287, page 23A, article seems to be the original will, 59–60. image 468, available at Ancestry.com; while the latter two (in Book D-2 and 4. Marie Ester Brandt Diary; Cecile Brandt’s Entry for Felix C. Brandt, Hanover, Jeffer- Book S-454) deal with guardianship for dates are taken from the DAR’s “Hanover son County, Indiana, January 7, 1816, in his children. Cemetery Index, Jefferson County, “U.S. Appointment of U.S. Postmasters,” 11. DAR, “Hanover Cemetery Index, Jef- Indiana.” in Record of Appointment of Postmasters, ferson County, Indiana”; Both Lucie and 5. Lucie and Henry Crocker’s dates are 1832–1971, NARA Microfilm Publication Josey are buried in the plots of their taken from their headstones at the M841, Record Group 28, Records of the respective husbands (“Lucy Brandt Payson Old Cemetery in Adams County, Post Office Department (Washington, Crocker,” died July 9, 1892, in Payson, IL, Illinois. Images and transcriptions of DC: National Archives), available at according to FindaGrave.com; “Death these stones are available at FindaGrave Ancestry.com. of a Noble Woman. Mrs. Josephine B. .com. Also see: Ruth M. Slevin, comp., 7. Slevin, Jefferson County, Indiana, Mar- Applewhite,” Brownstown Banner, Janu- Jefferson County, Indiana, Marriage riage Records, 1811–1873, 22; “Death ary 12, 1893). Records, 1811–1873 (Madison, IN: DAR, of a Noble Woman: Mrs. Josephine B. 12. DAR, “Hanover Cemetery Index, Jef- John Paul Chapter), 22; 1840 U.S. Cen- Applewhite,” Brownstown Banner, Janu- ferson County, Indiana”; Marie Ester sus for Henry A. Cracker, Hanover, Jeffer- ary 12, 1893; “A Good Man Has Gone,” Brandt Diary, August 10, 1863; 1860 son County, Indiana, National Archives Brownstown Banner, November 12, 1902. U.S. Census for Henry Brandt, Hanover

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 55 f amily Records

Township, Jefferson County, Indiana, Appointment of U.S. Postmasters,” in Indiana, NARA microfilm roll 380, page NARA microfilm roll M653_270, page Record of Appointment of Postmasters, 1B, available at Ancestry.com; Samuel R. 570, image 274, available at 1832–1971. Leland, “Jefferson County Marriage Ancestry.com. 30. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, February 16, Records: Grooms, 1906–1915, I–L Index,” 13. 1860 U.S. Census for Henry Brandt, 1850. available via the Jefferson County Public Hanover Township, Jefferson County, 31. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, August 17, Library History Rescue Project, http:// Indiana; Marie Ester Brandt Diary, May 3, 1860. www.mjcpl.org/historyrescue; 1910 U.S. 1850. 32. Doris Leistner, Dorothy Riker, and Census for Samuel R. Leland, Madison, 14. Brownstown Banner, November 12, 1902; Margaret R. Waters, comps., Abstracts Morris County, New Jersey, NARA Marie Ester Brandt Diary, July 13, 1855. of the Obituaries in the Western Christian microfilm roll T524_902, page 14A, 15. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, August 1, 1862. Advocate, 1834–1850 (Indianapolis: available at Ancestry.com. 16. Emma Lou Thornbrough, Indiana in the Indiana Historical Society, 1988), vii; Civil War Era, 1850–1880, vol. 3 of The Methodist Episcopal Church, “Chiefly Callie McCune is an intern at the Indiana History of Indiana (Indianapolis: Indiana About People,” Western Christian Advo- Historical Society Press and a gradu- ate student in public history at Indiana Historical Society, 1989), 131–32; Marie cate, June 9, 1915. University–Purdue University, Indianapo- Ester Brandt Diary, August 5, 1862. 33. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, January 10, lis. She graduated from the College of 17. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, April 28, 1863. 1850; Charles E. Canup, “Temperance Wooster in Wooster, Ohio, in 2010 with a 18. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, June 25, 1863; Movement and Legislation in Indiana,” degree in history. August 10, 1863. Indiana Magazine of History 16 (March 19. Western Christian Advocate, April 4, 1855; 1920): 3, 18. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, June 28, 1853. 34. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, October 6, Chelsea Sutton graduated from Franklin 20. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, December 25, 1852. College in Franklin, Indiana, with a degree 1854. 35. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, August 28, in English in 2011. She currently attends Butler University in Indianapolis as a 21. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, February 6, 1861. graduate student in the English Depart- 1855; February 20, 1855. 36. Thornbrough, “Disunion at Home,” in ment and is a contract editor for the 22. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, May 23, 1850; Indiana in the Civil War Era: 1850–1880, Indiana Historical Society Press. January 3, 1851; January 30, 1858; Feb- 180–83; Marie Ester Brandt Diary, Janu- ruary 1, 1858; Slevin, Jefferson County, ary 13, 1863. Indiana, Marriage Records, 1811–1873, 22. 37. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, Febru­ary 13, There is very little, if any, information 1869; 1870 U.S. Census for Mary E. Brandt, within the historical record on Adella’s Hanover Township, Jefferson County, Indi- husband, William D. Thomas. ana, NARA microfilm roll M593_329, page 23. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, January 3, 223A, image 63, available at Ancestry 1851. .com; 1880 U.S. Census for Ester M. Brandt, 24. 1850, 1860, and 1870 census records for Hanover, Jefferson County, Indiana, NARA Henry Crocker listed above in note 5; microfilm roll 287, page 23A, image 468, also 1880 U.S. Census for Henry Crocker, available at Ancestry.com; 1900 U.S. Cen- Payson, Adams County, Illinois, NARA sus for W. Ester Brant, Hanover Township, microfilm roll 174, page 229a, image Jefferson County, Indiana, NARA microfilm, 0600, available at Ancestry.com. roll 380, page 1B, available at Ancestry 25. Brownstown Banner, January 12, 1893. .com; 1910 U.S. Census for Marie E. Brandt, 26. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, March 19, Hanover Township, Jefferson County, Indi- 1853. ana, NARA microfilm roll T624_359, page 27. Marie Ester Brandt Diary, December 31, 1B, available at Ancestry.com. 1868. 38. “Hanover, Star Route News,” Madison 28. New Albany Public Press, December 16, Courier, March 2, 1915; “Local News,” 1885. Brownstown Banner, March 3, 1915; 1870 29. Baker, Hanover: Our Home Town!, 31; U.S. Census for Jennie Dunn, Hanover Entries for Felix C. Brandt, Hanover, Jef- Township, Jefferson County, Indiana, ferson County, Indiana, January 7, 1816, NARA microfilm roll, M593_328, page and April 18, 1885, and entry for 223A, image 63, available at Ancestry Felix J. Brandt, Hanover, Jefferson .com; 1900 U.S. Census for Jane B. Dunn, County, Indiana, April 12, 1893, in “U.S. Hanover Township, Jefferson County,

56 THG: CONNECTIONS F rom the Collections Indiana’s Historic Newspapers A ccess Indiana’s Newspapers through a Collaborative Project by the Indiana Historical Society and Newspaper Archive sauz nne hahn

“Dan Sullivan was seen turning the corner at B. F. Meredith’s, headed west. Wonder where he was going.”

Dan Sullivan was my great-great- age, many Indiana newspaper archives digitized but not newspapers throughout grandfather. This wonderfully juicy piece had been microfilmed for preserva- the state—until now. of gossip appeared in the January 26, tion and ease of access; however, few A new project makes accessing and 1894, issue of the Bloomfield Demo- newspapers in the state had complete or researching Indiana newspaper archives crat. Readers at the time probably had even partial indexes. Often, researchers a lot easier. The Indiana Historical Soci- a good idea of where he was heading would have to scroll through many reels ety partnered with Newspaper Archive and enjoyed the sly reference. I can of microfilm with the hope of finding a to release an exciting new database that guess where he was going based on a name or mention of an event. With cor- makes available more than 2.5 mil- piece of information that appeared in rect dates, researchers could find obitu- lion digitized Indiana newspaper pages. another issue of the paper nearly seven aries or marriage announcements but These newspapers, which had only months later. The October 12, 1894, finding casual references to an ancestor been available on microfilm, can now issue included a list of marriage licenses was much more difficult. It also required be found online through Newspaper that were granted; the names of my access to the microfilm and a microfilm Archive. Searches into this newspaper grandparents, Daniel V. Sullivan and reader, equipment the majority of us database result in full-text articles. Mamie O. Meredith, appeared on that do not have at home. Many libraries There are numerous ways researchers list. Daniel and Mamie were married for throughout the state had coverage of can search the historic newspapers: by more than forty years until her death in local newspaper archives but only a few family name, keywords or phrases, year 1940. They raised several children, in- had holdings for the entire state. More ranges, and specific dates. The database cluding my great-grandmother, on their recently, selected newspapers were is available to use, at no cost, in the farm in Greene County, Indiana. A few other references that appeared in later newspapers mention trips to town, visits to other family members and friends, and injuries and illnesses in the family. Newspapers can provide treasure troves of information for genealogists— “nuts and bolts” information such as marriage listings, obituaries, land trans- actions, and court information. They may also contain small treasures, such as the fact your great-great-grandfather was called out in print as he was heading to court your great-great-grandmother. Unfortunately, finding information Dan Sullivan’s movements were part of “The Happenings of a Week” section in the January 26, in newspapers has been a difficult and 1894, issue of the Bloomfield Democrat. (Indiana Historical Society Clipping File) time consuming task. Prior to the digital

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 57 F rom the Collections

reference room of the IHS’s William ing from 1817 to 2005. This weighty IHS library staff members created a list Henry Smith Memorial Library through collection captured the attention of of all the pre-1924 reels, and over the a website co-hosted and supported by Newspaper Archive, the largest digital next several months they selected and Newspaper Archive. Researchers unable vendor of newspapers in the United pulled the reels to include in the project. to visit the library can also gain access States with worldwide representation The reels were packed and mailed on to this information through a subscrip- in its digital online collections. The four pallets in separate shipments to the tion to Newspaper Archive. company contacted Steve Cox, IHS’s company’s digitizing facilities in . executive vice president, about a pos- Newspaper Archive then undertook the Indiana Newspaper Project sible project to digitize selected Indiana enormous digitization task and loaded Providing access to Indiana news- newspaper archives. Cox and Ramona the contents into its database. In addi- paper archives is nothing new to the Duncan-Huse, senior director of the IHS tion, Newspaper Archive used Optical Indiana Historical Society. For twenty- Conservation Department, worked with Character Recognition (OCR), which five years the IHS supported a microfilm Newspaper Archive to formulate a plan makes full-text searching possible. In program called the Indiana Newspaper to digitize not only selected titles but total, more than 2.5 million newspaper Project. During this time the IHS Pres- the entire collection of IHS master reels images were scanned and loaded from ervation Imaging staff gathered and mi- up to 1924. In 2011 the plan resulted the IHS microfilm collection. crofilmed ten million pages of Indiana’s in the IHS entering into an agreement After Newspaper Archive completed historic and current newspapers using with Newspaper Archive to digitize the digitization process, the company the highest archival standards to create 5,625 reels of microfilm. Understand- returned the microfilm reels to the master reels of microfilm. Preservation ing that the IHS’s newspaper microfilm IHS and Duncan-Huse and a volunteer Imaging staff also created duplicate collection was valued at more than $2.5 verified them against the master list. copies of the collection, from which million, Newspaper Archive digitally IHS volunteer Cindy Roberts is currently they made user copies. The user copies converted the reels at no cost. working three hours each week to refile were made available statewide for local Once the project was defined and the film for safekeeping. The IHS will library research collections. the paperwork complete, the next step continue to maintain the collection of The IHS newspaper microfilm col- was tackling the logistics of safely mov- master reels of newspaper microfilm. lection consists of more than nineteen ing more than five thousand reels of Since it is kept in chilled storage, the thousand master reels and includes microfilm to Newspaper Archive so the images should be preserved for the next newspapers from across the state dat- company could digitize the microfilm. three hundred to five hundred years. The Preservation Imaging Department also continues to fulfill individual microfilm orders of any reel in the collection for research. Libraries wishing to fill gaps in their microfilm collections or to replace heavily used reels may also purchase microfilm copies. Titles of newspapers by county with inclusive dates may be searched in the online catalog on the IHS website at: http://www .indianahistory.org/our-services /conservation/indiana-newspapers -on-microfilm. For more information, call David Turk, manager, Preservation Imaging, at 317-232-4592.

The Result The end result of this massive Dan and Mamie (Meredith) Sullivan (Courtesy of Loretta Neidigh) digitization effort is that 760 individual

58 THG: CONNECTIONS Inda i na’s Historic Newspapers

Indiana newspaper titles, representing the majority of the historic newspapers in the state, are now available for research on the web. Newspapers from the Advance Hustler to the Worthington Times and hundreds of other titles are now fully searchable. “Being a good steward of Indiana’s history is about more than just collecting and preserving materials—it’s about making them accessible to the public as well,” states John Herbst, IHS president and CEO. “Through the Indiana Newspaper Project and our partnership with Newspaper Archive, our role as Indiana’s storyteller is enhanced by sharing this digital treasure trove with individuals in our Former IHS Preservation Imaging staff member Steve Wiseman examining microfilm (Photo state and around the world.” The IHS by David H. Turk, courtesy of the Indiana Historical Society) library provides free access to this digital resource. For researchers wanting newspaper issues, including current German-language newspapers, including to search only Indiana newspapers, issues. the Logansport Deutsche Zeitung. Many towns have more than one Newspaper Archive developed a co- Searching newspaper included in the Newspaper branded site specifically for the Indiana Newspaper Archive offers a wide Archive because it was common for Historical Society. It features only variety of searching options with a towns to have competing newspapers. Indiana newspapers and is available only user-friendly interface. Researchers These papers typically highlight differ- in the IHS library. can search by name or keyword. The ent political affiliations. It is interesting If researchers want to access “advanced search” feature allows for to see how a particular event or topic is not only Indiana newspapers, but more complex searches, including “all covered, depending on the political lean- newspapers from across the country of the words” or “exact phrase” search- ings of the paper. Also, if your ancestors and world as well, they can search ing. Researchers can also search by the were connected with a particular party, the comprehensive database from “at least one of the words” feature. This they might be mentioned more often Newspaper Archive. If your ancestors can be a helpful search option if there and more favorably in the newspaper of did not remain in Indiana or if they are variant spellings of a name. Searches their party’s affiliation. spread throughout the country, this on the site are not case sensitive, so If a particular town does not have expanded coverage might be helpful in searching the name Sullivan will yield a newspaper available, a newspaper your research. Both sites provide access the same number of results as a search from a neighboring town or from the not only to the 2.5 million newspaper for sullivan. If a name or keyword search county seat could be helpful. Many images the IHS provided, but also brings up too many results, there are newspapers included highlights from to several other millions of Indiana several methods to refine the search. the smaller, surrounding communities newspaper pages. In total, users may Searches can be narrowed by date, loca- in the area. The database primarily search more than 5 million Indiana tion, or publication. Limiting by date can includes newspapers from local towns newspaper pages. Although the earliest be a helpful tool if you are searching for and communities; however, there are newspaper issue, the Indiana Republican a particular ancestor or event. Research- also some specialty newspapers. A few from Madison, Indiana, dates from 1817, ers can limit their results by an exact school newspapers, such as the Indiana the bulk of the newspaper coverage date, a date range, or a year range. They Daily Student from Indiana University for Indiana is from the mid- to late- can narrow search results further by and The Franklin from Franklin College, 1800s through the early 1900s. There location, including by country, state, and is also some coverage of more recent are included. The site also contains a few

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 59 F rom the Collections

listed in alphabetical order, but if the newspaper begins with the word “The,” search by the next word in the title.

Displaying Results After you conduct a search, a results list is displayed with citation information and teasers from the newspaper articles that include the keyword in context. These teasers help you determine if there is an article or articles you want to explore more thoroughly by viewing the entire newspaper page. Search results are listed by relevance but can also be sorted by ascending or descending date. The entire issue of the paper can be viewed in either PDF or Flash format. IHS volunteer Cindy Roberts organizing the microfilm returned from Newspaper Archive The most current version of Adobe Ac- (Photo by David H. Turk, courtesy of the Indiana Historical Society) robat Reader or Flash must be installed to view the newspaper pages. In both city. Limiting the search by city allows might provide additional results. For all formats, the newspaper page that in- you to search all the publications in that of these searches, I limited the results to cludes the search term is loaded and the location with one search. This can save just the location of Bloomfield, Indiana, term is highlighted throughout the page. time if there are several publications but I would also recommend search- You can also scroll to the other pages of in one area. Finally, searches can be ing by other newspapers in the county the newspaper if you want to view the narrowed by a specific publication or to or area. Also consider if your ancestors entire issue. results only from front pages. had family in other parts of the state, A zoom feature is included to enlarge In my search for Daniel Sullivan, I as many newspapers reported on visits the print for easier reading. There are tried multiple search strategies. My first from family members outside the locale. different levels of zoom, allowing you to search was by the name, Daniel Sullivan. Browsing customize the size that is best for you. Searching by name is similar to an exact The “browse” feature allows you to If viewing in Flash format, the database phrase search. A nice feature is that even browse the archives in several ways. features a magnifying glass that allows if you do not include it in your search, You can browse by a specific location, you to hover over and enlarge a specific the database returns results that include narrowing down by country, state, and section of text without zooming the a middle initial. For example, an article town. This option can be helpful to see entire page. There are also several print containing the name Daniel V. Sullivan all of the titles available for an area. The options. Researchers can print the entire was included with my search results for site also allows for browsing by date, page; however, the font size can be fairly Daniel Sullivan. Also, be sure to search with the option to browse by an exact small when doing so. Another option is by any nicknames or variant names. date, between specific dates, or between to select specific sections of the page Although my name search of Daniel years. I have been researching the Great to print. This allows you to pinpoint the Sullivan did not return matches for Dan Flood of 1913 in Indiana. Using the exact section of interest and increase Sullivan, a separate search for Dan “browse by date” feature, I was able to the font size. If you are searching in the Sullivan brought up new results. review the coverage of several different IHS library, staff will be on hand to help If searching by name or exact phrase newspapers from throughout the state with any search or navigation questions. is too limiting, consider trying the “all of during the week of the flooding. There is the words” feature. This search option IHS Library also the option to browse by a specific does not require the search terms to Researchers can access Indiana newspaper, to see what dates and issues be next to each other in the article and newspapers for free through the IHS’s are included. Newspaper titles are

60 THG: CONNECTIONS Inda i na’s Historic Newspapers

William Henry Smith Memorial Library at the Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center, located at 450 West Ohio Street in downtown Indianapolis. Use of the library is free and no appointment is needed. The library is open to the public from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Tuesdays through Saturdays. Free parking is also available for library users. In addition to the newspaper database, the library provides free on-site access to several other online resources, Newspaper Archive search screen (Courtesy of Newspaper Archive) including AncestryLibrary, HeritageQuest Online, American Civil War Database, Making Connections As I was searching more fam- and others. The IHS library is also home As a librarian at the Indiana His- ily names in Newspaper Archive, I to one of the largest archival reposi- torical Society, I always encourage came across a simple sentence in the tories on the history of Indiana and researchers to try and go beyond just March 11, 1892, issue of the Bloomfield the Old Northwest. Researchers have the names and dates in their family Democrat, “John Crow is hauling hay access to the library’s vast collection of history research. Granted, names and from his farm in the American bottom.” manuscripts, visual materials, and rare dates are critical, but the more you This one sentence did not knock down published volumes. Maps, oral accounts, can learn about your ancestors and the any brick walls in my research or seem Civil War diaries and correspondence, context in which they lived, the more terribly newsworthy. However, it gave club and organizational records, and complete and satisfying their stories will me a sense of connection to my past. business and personal papers illuminate be. Newspapers can be a perfect tool to My family has lived in the same area the past and create a clearer image and shed light on the stories of your ances- of Greene County for years. As a child I understanding of ancestral history. tors by describing what was happening would play at my grandparents’ house, For those researchers who are unable in their community, their workplaces, near the same fields John Crow hauled to visit the library at the Indiana His- their schools, and their places of wor- hay more than one hundred years ear- torical Society, access to these Indiana ship. Newspapers can help you learn lier. We have always called the area the newspaper archives is still available. In- more about the time in which they lived, American Bottom but I did not realize it dividuals can purchase a quarterly, semi- including historic events that might have was a term others used. To see this ref- annual, or annual subscription through impacted their lives. Did their town face erence in writing brought me a connec- Newspaper Archive. A subscription an epidemic? Was their neighborhood tion to this ancestor; John Crow became provides access to not only the Indiana affected by the Great Flood of 1913? more than a name on a family chart. newspapers but also to more than 120 How did the town react to the end of million other newspaper pages from all Suzanne Hahn is the director of Reference the Civil War? Understanding what was fifty states and several other countries. Services at the IHS’s William Henry Smith happening in the world around them Many libraries across the country also Memorial Library and has a master’s de- might help you understand decisions gree from the Indiana University School of subscribe to Newspaper Archive and your ancestors made or provide you Library Science. She has taught workshops provide on-site access to this database. with a clearer understanding of their such as “Finding Indiana Records Online,” Check with your local library about its lives. Even if your ancestors are not “Read All About It: Accessing Digitized availability in your area. The searching Indiana Newspaper Archives,” and “Using mentioned in an article, you can still and viewing options described above are the IHS Library.” learn about events that might have also available on the subscription site. shaped their lives. Newspapers allow Visit www.NewspaperArchive.com for researchers to make connections to their more information. ancestors in a whole new way.

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 61 Notices

INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY AROUND INDIANA PROGRAMS Federation of Genealogical Societies Conference You Are There 1939: Healing Bodies, “Journey Through Generations” with experts and fellow Changing Minds genealogists at the 2013 FGS Conference at the Grand Wayne The Indiana His- Convention Center in Fort Wayne, Indiana, from August 21–24, torical Society invites 2013. The conference will offer multiple sessions, exhibits, and you to join African activities on finding midwestern ancestors. American physician The Indiana Historical Society is sponsoring two lectures: Harvey Middleton in a keynote address by Richard Aquila, on the Roots of Rock and You Are There 1939: Roll in 1950s America, and a lunch program featuring William Healing Bodies, Chang- Bartelt, who will examine Abraham Lincoln’s Indiana neighbor- ing Minds. The Indiana hood between 1816 to 1830. Bartelt is currently director of the Experience allows Evansville Museum, a trustee of the Indiana Historical Society, guests to step into an director of the Abraham Lincoln Association, and president of historic photograph the Newburgh Museum Foundation. His publications include that has been recreated three-dimensionally. For Healing Bod- There I Grew Up: Remembering Abraham Lincoln’s Indiana Youth ies, Changing Minds, visitors can join Dr. Middleton on (Indiana Historical Society Press, 2008). June 24, 1939, in his office for an open house to introduce Local hosts to the FGS conference include the Allen family, friends, colleagues, and the community to the latest County Genealogical Society of Indiana and the Allen County electrocardiographic technology. This You Are There experi- Public Library. More information regarding the conference can ence is presented by Advantage and Franciscan Saint Francis be found at http://www.fgsconference.org. Health, with support from the Marion County Public Health Department, the Aesculapian Medical Society, and the Indiana NATIONAL NEWS State Medical Association. Find out more at http://www .indianahistory.org. Buffalo Soldiers Army Records Ancestry.com has added to its online repository a new Advanced Genealogy Resources, digitized collection, “U.S., Buffalo Soldiers, Returns from Regu- Methods, and Skills lar Army Cavalry Regiments, 1866–1916, indexed by Ancestry On September 21, 2013, certified genealogist and author World Archives Project contributors and digitized by Ancestry Debbie Mieazala will present a three-part workshop at the .com. The original data comes from the National Archives Indiana History Center from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. In “Digging and Records Administration microfilm publication “Returns through Documents Word by Word,” Mieazala will scrutinize from Regular Army Cavalry Regiments, 1833–1916,” M744, in information as evidence. In “Twentieth and Twenty-First Cen- Record Group 391. The collection includes the monthly returns tury Research,” she will highlight methodologies. After lunch from the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry Units of the U.S. Army up Mieazala will discuss “Citing Your Sources.” to 1916. Created in 1866, both the Ninth and Tenth units were Specializing in forensic genealogy, Mieszala does genea- the first peacetime units of enlisted African Americans, com- logical research for the military. She has taught at national monly known as the “Buffalo Soldiers.” Later, the units fought genealogy institutes and is currently a trustee for the Board for in the Indian Wars and in the Spanish–American War. Read Certification of Genealogists. more about the Buffalo Soldiers in Trevor K. Plante’s article, Registration for the workshop, which is eligible for four “Researching African Americans in the U.S. Army, 1866–1890,” general LEUs, is $20; $16 IHS members, including parking and Prologue Magazine 33 (Spring 2001), available online at http:// admission to the Indiana Experience. For more information, visit www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2001/spring/buffalo http://www.indianahistory.org/our-services/family-history soldiers.html. /family-history-and-genealogy-programs or call (317) 232-1882.

62 THG: CONNECTIONS Evidence Explained Goes Digital Haines, Caren. Silently Seizing: Common, Unrecognized, and Fre- Evidence Explained: Historical Analysis from Artifacts to quently Missed Seizures and their Potentially Damaging Impact on Cyberspace by Elizabeth Shown Mills is now available on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Shawnee Mission, KS: AAPC Publishing, 2012. many mobile devices. This book offers guidance on determin- Howell, Carol Walls. Sunset in Kentucky. Bloomington, IN: Abbott ing a source’s credibility and explaining source citations that Press, 2012. traditional manuals do not cover. Although the book has been Jordan, Charlene Hanson. Whispers in the Church: Swedish Witch available digitally for desktops and laptops since 2012, the Hunt, 1672. Bloomington, IN: Abbott Press, 2012. software was not compatible for tablets and smart phones. Kay, Robert G. Pass Me the Rice. Bloomington, IN: Author House, It is now available on almost every mobile device, including 2011. e-readers, Android tablets and phones, as well as iPads and Lafferty, . Messages from a Mother: The Love of My Life. Bloom- iPhones. More information about Evidence Explained can be ington, IN: Author House, 2012. Lyons, Richard C. But by the Chance of War. Lylea Creative Resources, found at https://www.evidenceexplained.com/. 2012. Presley, Christal. Thirty Days with My Father: Finding Peace from War- BOOKS RECEIVED time PTSD. Deerfield Beach, FL: Heath Communications, 2012. Prince of Peace Parish Cemetery Committee. St. Joseph’s Catholic The editor of The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections accepts Cemetery Census. Madison, IN, 2009. contributions of books regarding Indiana and midwestern Reynolds, John. The Fight for Freedom: A Memoir of My Years in the genealogy and history and other topics to list in the “Books Civil Rights Movement. Bloomington, IN: Author House, 2012. Received” section. These books are placed either in the IHS Rubino, Rich. The Political Bible of Little Known Facts in American Library, the Indiana State Library, or the Indianapolis Public Politics. Charleston, SC: Self published, 2011. Sevelius, Gunnar G. The Nine Pillars of History. Bloomington, IN: Library. The editor thanks the authors and publishers of the Author House, 2012. books below for their most recent donations: Shaughnessy, Joyce. A Healing Place. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, 2010. Terrazzano, Frank, and Paul Lonardo. Life, With Cancer: The Lauren Ayer, Jean. Tales of the Chinkapin Creek, Volume II. North Charleston, Terrazzano Story. Deerfield Beach, FL: Heath Communications, SC: CreateSpace, 2012. 2012. Barker, Ethel. For the Love of Pete: An Orphan Train Story. North Lib- Tirgan, M. Hossein. Goodbye Iran. Charleston, SC: Self published, erty, IA: Ice Cube Press, 2012. 2012. Barnes, Janice. St. Patrick’s Cemetery Census, 2005. Madison, IN. Tolzmann, Don Heinrich. The Cincinnati Germans after the Great War. Bockstruck, Lloyd de Witt. The Name IS the Game: Onomatology and Baltimore, MD: Clearfield, 2013. the Genealogist. Baltimore, MD: Clearfield, 2013. Uerkvitz, David. Adin: A Novel of Prehistory. Charleston, SC: Self Burchett, Beverly, and Fatou K. Goumbala. Queen Kinni. St. Albans, published, 2012. NY: Black Currant Press, 2006. Upnick, Eddie. Time Will Tell. Oakland Gardens, NY: Label Man Capone, Deirdre Marie. Uncle : The Untold Story from Inside Books, 2009. His Family. N.p.: Recap Publishing, 2012. Williams, Paul L. Crescent Moon Rising: The Islamic Transformation of Carter, Linda F. From Quakers to Cowboys: The Journey. North America. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2013. Charleston, SC: CreateSpace, 2012. Donovan, Michelle O. Joshua, Helmut, and Bethlehem. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2011. Drew, Cynthia. City of Slaughter. McKinleyville, CA: Fithian Press, 2012. Gifford, Jonathan. Blindsided: How Business and Society Are Shaped by Our Irrational and Unpredictable Behaviour. London, UK: Marshall Cavendish Business, 2012. Golden, Drew. Stealing First. Winter Park, FL: Legacy Book Publishing, 2012.

SPG/RIN SUMMER 2013 63 Coming up next.…

Online Connections, Summer 2013

The next installment of Online Connections will be published S outhern Indiana in September 2013. To see if your ancestors are listed, visit the “Warrick County, Letters Left at Post Offices as Listed in the Indiana Historical Society website, http://www.indianahistory Warrick Democrat, 1850–1860” by Wendy L. Adams and .org/, click on Our Services, then Family History; next choose Kimberly E. Hunter Family History Publications and Online Connections. Bookmark it to use again and again! Genealogy Across Indiana “Hoosier Baptists: The Flat Rock Association with Names Listed Regional Sources and Stories in Annual Meeting Minutes” by Timothy Mohon Northern Indiana “La Porte County, New Durham Township Justice of the Peace Family Records Court Record Book Records, 1879–1906” by Harold Henderson “Ault Family Bible Records, Northern Indiana, 1810–1947” and Callie McCune transcribed by Dorothy Jean Schroeder and Kimberly E. Hunter

C eNTRAL Indiana “Franklin and Union Counties, Indiana, and Butler County, Ohio, Records from the Pioneer and Harvest Home Association, 1883–1885” by Kimberly E. Hunter and Callie McCune

The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections Fall/Winter 2013 Issue r e i w h c S

y t t m r e u e be ci s o o S R

Mu l d

a y n r ic a r r e sto i i sto w H i

l h H c y y S ica t n ay ay u R Med e o i a a C r

n o j ia ble r a No Ind M American women were not allowed In the next issue of THG: Connections, The Family Records Section of the to attend medical schools until the latter Christina Bunting tells the story of Hoo- Fall/Winter 2013 issue features a story half of the nineteenth century. Nearly sier outlaw, Marvin Kuhns, who gained about one couple’s search for family one hundred Hoosier women earned notoriety for stealing horses, breaking records from Indiana and Germany. The degrees as medical doctors from 1856 to out of jail, and eluding authorities from search, covering forty years, begins with 1890. Doctor and author Lucy Jane King the 1890s through the early 1900s. the photograph above that Robert and discusses a few of Indiana’s first women Known as the Noble County Desperado, Marjorie Schwier found among Robert’s doctors in the Fall/Winter 2013 issue of Kuhns was arrested and jailed numerous great-grandfather’s papers, which even- The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections. times across Indiana and Ohio. tually leads the authors to Germany and a family reunification. INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

IMMERSE YOURSELF IN THE

www.indianahistory.org | (317) 232-1882

EUGENE AND MARILYN GLICK INDIANA HISTORY CENTER DOWNTOWN ON THE CANAL | INDIANAPOLIS Indiana Out Loud Dan Carpenter on the Heartland Beat

DAN CARPENTER

Since 1976 Dan Carpenter’s writing has appeared in the pages of the Indianapolis Star, where he has worn many hats, from police reporter to book critic to renowned op-ed columnist. In writing for the state’s largest newspaper, Carpenter has covered the life and times of some notable Hoosiers, as well as serving as a voice for the disadvantaged, sometimes exasperating the Star’s readership in central Indiana as the newspaper’s “house liberal.”

Indiana Out Loud is a collection of the best of Carpenter’s work since 1993 and includes timely and engaging examinations of the lives of such intriguing people as wrestling announcer Sam Menacker, survivor of the James Jones People’s Temple massacre Catherine Hyacinth Thrash, Indianapolis African American activist Charles “Snookie” Hendricks, Atlas Grocery impresario Sid Maurer, and coaches James “Doc” Counsilman and Ray Crowe. The book also includes a healthy dose of literary figures, politicians, historians, knaves, crooks, and fools.

$16.95 Hardcover / ISBN 978-0-87195-308-7 144 pp.

ORDER ONLINE AT: SHOP.INDIANAHISTORY.ORG OR CALL: (800) 447-1830 INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY • FALL/WINTER 2013 • $5

THE HOOSIER GENEALOGIST

IN THIS ISSUE: PIONEERING WOMEN DOCTORS HOW HOOSIERS GOT HITCHED FROM FRILLE (GERMANY) TO INDIANA BECOME A MEMBER AND GET CONNECTIONS DELIVERED TO YOUR DOOR

Indiana Experience THE HOOSIER GENEALOGIST

Indiana Historical society • FALL/WINTER 2013 • VOL. 53, ISSUE 2

Since 1830, the Indiana Historical Administration John A. Herbst • President and CEO Society has been Indiana’s Storyteller™, Jeff Matsuoka • Vice President, Business and Operations Stephen L. Cox • Vice President, IHS Press connecting people to the past by col­ Kyle McKoy • Vice President, Education and Exhibits Suzanne Hahn • Vice President, Archives and Library lecting, preserving, interpreting, and Andrew Halter • Vice President, Development and Membership disseminating the state’s history. A non­ Jeanne Scheets • Vice President, Marketing and Public Relations Board of Trustees profit membership organization, the IHS Jerry D. Semler Jay L. Hicks also publishes books and periodicals; Chair Catherine H. Kennedy David S. Evans Katharine M. Kruse sponsors teacher workshops; provides First Vice Chair James H. Madison Susan R. Jones-Huffine Edward S. Matthews youth, adult, and family programming; Second Vice Chair Craig M. McKee Michael A. Blickman James W. Merritt Jr. provides support and assistance to local Third Vice Chair James T. Morris Charles A. Liles Michael B. Murphy museums and historical groups; and Treasurer Ersal Ozdemir Patricia D. Curran Eloise Paul maintains the nation’s premier research Secretary William N. Salin Sr. Thomas G. Hoback Robert E. Sexton, DDS library and archives on the history of Immediate Past Chair Joseph A. Slash Nancy Ayres Denny Sponsel Indiana and the Old Northwest. William E. Bartelt Robert E. Swinehart Frank M. Basile Marianne W. Tobias Wanda Y. Fortune Lu Carole West

Family historians seek connections The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections SOCIETY HISTORICAL INDIANA M. Teresa Baer • Managing Editor between themselves and their ancestors. Rachel M. Popma • Contract Editor Chelsea Sutton • Contract Editor THG: Connections weaves richly colored Christina R. Bunting • Contract Editor On the cover historic threads with rare source Callie McCune • Intern, IHS Press Kimberly E. Hunter • Intern, IHS Press material, family records, and expert Natalie Burriss • Volunteer Intern, IHS Press Carolyn Cain wedding party, ca. 1925–1928 Kathleen M. Breen • Contributing Editor guidance to connect readers with their Ray E. Boomhower • Contributing Editor Page 13 Stacy Simmer • Art Direction and Design ancestors’ lives. Cory Wright • Page Layout Susan Sutton • Photography Coordinator David H. Turk • Photographer Printing Partners • Printer Advisory Board Wanda Y. Fortune, Co-Chair, Indianapolis Curt B. Witcher, Co-Chair, Fort Wayne C. Lloyd Hosman, Knightstown Sharon Howell, Greenwood Patricia K. Johnson, Elkhart The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections (ISSN 1054-2175) is published biannually and distributed as a benefit of membership by the Indiana Historical Society Press; editorial and executive offices, 450 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3269. Non-Profit U.S. post­ age paid at Indianapolis, Indiana; Permit Number 3864. Literary con- tributions: Guidelines containing information for contributions are available upon request or on the Indiana Historical Society website, www.indianahistory.org. THG: Connections accepts no responsibility for unsolicited manuscripts submitted without return postage. The Press will refer requests from other publishers to the author. ©2013 Indiana Historical Society Press. All rights reserved. Printed on acid- free paper in the United States of America. Postmaster: Please send address changes to The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections, Indiana Historical Society Press, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center, 450 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3269. The Indiana Historical Society library is an associate member of the Federation of Genealogical Societies.

Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center 450 West Ohio Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3269 www.indianahistory.org Phone: (317) 232-1882 Fax: (317) 233-0857 Contents THE HOOSIER GENEALOGIST: CONNECTIONS FALL/WINTER 2013, VOLUME 53, ISSUE 2

Features 4 Pioneering Women Doctors Indiana’s Nineteenth-Century Women Doctors and the Changing Practice of Medicine BY LUCY JANE KING, MD

4 13 How Hoosiers Got Hitched The Genealogist’s Guide to Indiana Marriage Records BY HAROLD HENDERSON, CGSM

4 Departments Regional Sources and Stories

Northern Indiana 44 25 Noble County’s Desperado The “Old West” Tale of Marvin Kuhns, 15 6 a Lovable Horse Thief BY CHRISTINA R. BUNTING

Central Indiana 31 Court Papers Abstracts of Legal Documents for Fayette, Johnson, Madison, and Shelby Counties in the Barnes Manuscripts Collection, 1854–1917 BY WENDY L. ADAMS AND CHRISTINA R. BUNTING

Southern Indiana 37 “‘Nerviest Businessman in Indiana’” The Story of Nineteenth-Century Entrepreneur and Philanthropist, W. C. DePauw BY ELIZABETH FLYNN Genealogy Across Indiana From the Collections Due to the length of several articles in this issue, the 44 Hoosier Baptists From the Collections Department has been temporarily Part 3: Missionary Associations, 1823–Present suspended. It will return in the Spring/Summer 2014 issue Installment 4: Coffee Creek Association, Lake–Zoleman of THG: Connections. BY TIMOTHY MOHON 62 Notices Family Records Indiana Historical Society Programs, Around 54 From Frille to Indianapolis Indiana, National News, and Books Received The Schwier Family’s Journey to Connect their Indiana Ancestors to their Extended Family in Germany BY MARJORIE RAY SCHWIER AND ROBERT SCHWIER 32 37 54 Pioneering Women Doctors Indiana’s Nineteenth-Century Women Doctors and the Changing Practice of Medicine

LUCY JANE KING, MD

“Do you expect to practice medicine among decent people?” a schools admitted coeducational classes. neighbor of Mary Holloway asked her when, as a young woman, she By this time women were thinking about entrance into the medical schools that decided to go to medical school—a thing rarely heard of in the mid- were being built for men.5 nineteenth century. Formerly, the training of doctors had “Yes. Why not!” replied Holloway who was teaching in an 1850s been limited to apprenticeships with phy­ country school in Indiana and saving money to attend medical school. sicians. A young male trainee observed Holloway’s questioner retorted, “Well, I would rather bury my the work of his mentor, who taught him about diagnosis and treatment. Most 1 daughter than have her turn out [to be a physician].” medical schools at the turn of the nine­ teenth century were proprietary schools The “true womanhood” ideal of the she delivered between four hundred and run by a few physicians who charged fees time defined women as homemakers five hundred babies. She did not charge for lectures. College was not a prerequi­ raising their children to be patriotic citi­ patients but accepted any compensation site to attend medical school, and most zens, who certainly should not venture given. Hiatt died in 1877.3 medical school curricula could last from into the world of business and profes­ Ballard, a midwife who practiced in mere months to a year or two and varied sional men. In reality, this concept of Maine from 1785 until her death in 1812, widely in quality. The low entrance re­ the true woman was not accurate even described her medical work in a diary quirements to these schools, contributed in the nineteenth century. Women had transcribed and annotated by historian to the public’s perception of the students long performed medical services—but Laurel Thatcher Ulrich. Ballard delivered as immature and unruly. Proper fathers they were called midwives, not doc­ more than eight hundred babies in the did not want their daughters to associ­ tors. Many midwives not only delivered area. Although from time to time it was ate with such young men. Moreover, it babies, they also prepared salves, syrups, necessary to call in male doctors for would have been especially shocking for pills, and ointments and prepared dress­ help with especially difficult cases, they ladies to attend classes on subjects such ings for wounds and treatments for otherwise infrequently attended deliver­ as human anatomy under any circum­ infectious diseases. Part of a woman’s ies and rarely handled them. Ballard also stances, much less in the “mixed com­ duties had long included tending the observed autopsies performed by male pany” of men and women.6 sick in their families and neighborhoods. physicians.4 Often, midwives traveled to nearby Women were not admitted to Dr. Mary (Holloway) Wilhite towns and farms to see patients, just as medical school in America in the Despite society’s ideal of a true doctors might. In addition, midwives still eighteenth century or in the first half woman in the nineteenth century, Mary had to care for their own households.2 of the nineteenth century. However, Holloway became convinced that it Two early American midwives were education equivalent to high school in was not only possible but proper for a Sarah Hiatt and Martha Ballard. Hiatt academies and seminaries was becom­ woman to attend medical school. She was born in North Carolina in 1795 and ing more available to women so they, was among the first women in Indiana moved to Sugar Creek near Crawfords­ in turn, could teach their own children. to graduate from medical school. Hol­ ville, Indiana, with her husband John Hiatt From the 1790s onward, women began loway was born to pioneer settlers near in 1823. They had four children. Sarah to demand access to a college educa­ Crawfordsville, Indiana, in 1831. She was Hiatt provided obstetrical care in the area tion as well. In the 1800s a number of only seventeen when her mother died.7 from 1836 to 1868, during which time women’s colleges opened and a few

4 THG: CONNECTIONS Holloway graduated from the Wom­ ety are over. . . . I am going en’s Medical College of Pennsylvania in to acquit myself with all the Philadelphia in 1856 as did Mary Frame honors of the institution.” Thomas who would become another Edgar Thomson, one of the influential pioneer woman physician in founders of the medical Indiana. At this time, women were just school, saw to it that Hollo­ beginning to attend medical schools. way received money from a The first woman doctor in this country, special fund, and a wealthy or in the western world for that matter, Philadelphia woman who was Elizabeth Blackwell who graduated befriended her provided ad­ from medical school in Geneva, New ditional help. York, in 1849.8 Blackwell opened the Near the end of her two- door; nearly one hundred women in In­ year training, she wrote to diana earned degrees as medical doctors her father, Judge Washing­ between 1856 and 1890. Scant informa­ ton Holloway: tion is available regarding the lives of I am tired of being most of these Hoosier pioneers. This dependent on others for article presents biographical sketches for my bread and butter, and 9 a few of Indiana’s first women doctors. pray for the hour they The Women’s Medical College of will be the price of my This undated image of Dr. Mary (Holloway) Wilhite Pennsylvania was an Eclectic school, own exertions. . . . And appeared in the article, “Women Enter Medical Field,” which endorsed both sectarian and allo­ not for me alone, for ere by Jean Thompson in Montgomery Magazine 13, no. 5 (May 1988): 13. pathic medical methods. The sectarian long woman, the last and method promoted a variety of alterna­ noblest work of God, will take her brace her as one of their doctors, even tive theories of healing, advocating own position in society. Man’s equal the neighbor who was so appalled at herbal remedies, mineral baths, or other she is, and she will prove it. . . . I think her desire to attend medical school. A “natural” therapies. In contrast, the it a duty I owe Mr. Thomson and our few years after establishing her practice, more numerous and traditional allo­ university to show the people of the the neighbor’s family asked for her aid. pathic schools often promoted harsh [Mid]West that a female may be a Afterward, Wilhite was retained as the measures such as bleeding and purg­ physician. Five months more I will be family’s physician.14 ing by using heavy doses of laxatives, transformed from a poor student to Feminists Frances E. Willard and inducing skin blisters, and administering 11 Doctor Holloway. Mary A. Livermore included Wilhite’s doses of chemicals now known to be life in a book of women’s biographies, toxic. Sectarian treatments were often Holloway’s senior thesis was on con­ noting: associated with popular health reforms stituents of organic bodies. She gradu­ that were of interest to women. The ated in 1856 in a class in which there [Dr. Mary Holloway Wilhite] gained 12 sectarian schools also tended to be were twenty-six other women. a popularity of which any physician more open to women students than Holloway returned to Crawfordsville might be proud. She made several allopathic schools.10 to practice medicine. Four years later she important discoveries regarding Some of the letters Holloway wrote married A. Eleazer Wilhite, a tailor and an the effects of medicine in certain home while at school were published accomplished musician. They had seven diseases. Her greatest success was in by her granddaughter Emily Kennedy children, three of whom died in infancy, treatment of women and children. . . . 13 Pearce more than a century later in an all too common tragedy at the time. She was especially interested in the the Crawfordsville Journal–Review. At Initially, Dr. Holloway Wilhite was welfare of young girls who were medical school Holloway was invited accepted by only one other Crawfords­ beset by temptations, and helped out socially by other students, but she ville physician; she was not allowed to many such to obtain employment. . . . stated, “Days for dress, beaux and gai­ join local medical societies. However, When employed as physician to the Crawfordsville residents came to em­ county almshouse, she was grieved at

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apprenticeship and also attended medi­ was described in the same terms as the cal school classes. Mary Frame (Myers) “ideal woman.” Bonsett states that she Thomas was one of these. A few male conformed to the traditional ideals of physicians, especially those who were homemaker and mother, even making Quakers, allowed women to apprentice all of her children’s clothing by hand. with them. Mary Myers had been born However, Mary Thomas also found time to Quaker parents in 1816 in Mary­ to study and practice medicine. She land. The family later moved to Ohio was able to achieve all this, she said, where she married fellow Quaker Owen “‘by the most vigorous discipline of my Thomas, who became a physician and mind . . . and systematic arrangement his wife’s medical instructor.17 of my time.”’19 When Mary Thomas Being related to a male physician attended lectures at the first session of made Mary Thomas similar to many Indiana Medical College in Indianapolis, other women physicians in nineteenth- 1869–1870, some of the male medi­ century America. In addition, her cal students harassed her. In 1883 she Dr. Mary Frame (Myers) Thomas (Courtesy stepsister was also a physician who responded by presenting a paper to the of Indiana Magazine of History) lectured at Women’s Medical College of Indiana State Medical Society urging the Pennsylvania. Mary Thomas began her medical community to accept women the condition of the children first medical courses at the college but as medical students and physicians. The associated with the class of adult soon had to leave to care for one of her paper was published in the society’s paupers, and she never rested until she children, who was ill. She later attended annual publication, Transactions of the had, with the help of others, estab- lectures at this medical college and also Indiana State Medical Society.20 15 lished the county children’s home. at Western Reserve Medical College in In the nineteenth century, there Wilhite had joined the Christian Cleveland where her husband graduated were generally few objections to a Church (Disciples of Christ) as a young in 1854. She received her degree from woman doctor treating women and woman. In 1850 she canvassed for the Women’s Medical College of Pennsylva­ children only. Mary Thomas apparently first woman’s rights paper published in nia in 1856.18 did just this. In the Richmond, Indiana, America, the Woman’s Advocate. She In an article by Dr. Charles Bonsett, city directory of 1857 the listing for the arranged meetings of women’s rights Dr. Mary Thomas, mother of three girls, Thomases states that Dr. Owen Thomas groups including one attended by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. An­ thony, the leading advocates of women’s suffrage at the time. She was active in writing to newspapers about this and other causes that she supported, includ­ ing work against the use of tobacco and alcohol. Wilhite died in 1892, at which time there were twenty-six physicians in Crawfordsville—three of them, including Wilhite, were women.16

Dr. Mary Frame (Myers) Thomas Rather than attending allopathic or sectarian proprietary schools, an Ameri­ can in the mid-nineteenth century could become a physician by apprenticing to Advertisement for Mary Thomas’s medical practice (Courtesy of Indiana Magazine of History) a practicing physician. Some served an

6 THG: CONNECTIONS P iONEERING Women Doctors

The Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania where many of the earliest American women doctors attended classes and earned medical degrees in the nineteenth century (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD)

“will attend to Surgery and General appointed Mary Thomas to hospital medical organization as its first woman Practice” and Dr. Mary Thomas “will give service during the Civil War. She served member and also became a member of particular attention to Obstetrics and in Washington, DC, Nashville, Tennes­ the American Medical Association.24 Diseases of Women and Children.”21 see, and elsewhere. She later provided Mary Thomas published several In addition to caring for her fam­ special hospital service in Nashville pieces in Transactions of the Indiana ily and her medical duties, Mary under the direction of the Christian State Medical Society, including a plea Thomas was active in her church and Association. In Richmond, Indiana, she for women physicians to care for female in many charitable organizations, was the physician for the Home for the patients in state mental institutions including groups supporting temper­ Friendless for twelve years and for eight (1880), a speech about the influence of ance, woman’s suffrage, and women’s years provided medical care for the poor medical colleges on the medical educa­ rights. In 1859 she read a petition to in one district of the city.23 tion of women (1883), an article noting the urging When Mary and Owen Thomas first that Dr. Sarah Stockton had recently the legislative body to legalize property lived in Fort Wayne, the Allen County been appointed to the state psychiatric rights for women and to amend the Medical Society refused her admission hospital in Indianapolis (1884), a paper state constitution to allow women to to the society twice. After the couple on postpartum hemorrhage (heavy vote. Neither proposal was enacted at moved to Richmond, she was eventually bleeding after childbirth, 1885), and that point. Mary Thomas also edited admitted to the Wayne County Medi­ an article about heredity (1887) that and published a women’s rights paper, cal Society in 1875. Later, Mary Thomas presents a thoughtful and balanced view The Lily. Among the causes for which became an officer of that society and of the knowledge of the time as well as she worked were the establishment of a was described as “a faithful worker in a sermon against environmental fac­ separate state prison for women and a everything that aimed to make the tors such as alcohol and tobacco. Mary separate reformatory for girls.22 human race better.” In 1876 Mary Thomas died in Richmond on August 19, Indiana Governor Oliver P. Morton Thomas was admitted into the state 1888, at age 72.25

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Dr. Sarah Stockton (far right) and colleagues in the library at Central Indiana Hospital for the Insane (Indiana Medical History Museum, Indianapolis, IN)

Dr. Sarah Stockton phia in 1882. During this time she also “charge of one division of the house as As women began to enter medical received training at a women’s hospital a general practitioner,” performing “all schools, women’s schools were estab­ in . Stockton wrote on the topic the special work for the whole establish­ lished. Between 1850 and 1870 four of insanity for her doctoral thesis. She ment,” and gave “complete satisfaction medical colleges for women were found­ returned to Indiana to practice medicine in every capacity.”28 (The special work ed: the first in Philadelphia with support at the Indiana Hospital for the Insane, for the establishment probably refers to from Quakers, then one each in Boston the state’s psychiatric hospital in India­ laboratory tests and autopsies.) and New York City, and finally one was napolis. At the time of her appointment, Anna Agnew, a patient at the hospi­ founded in Chicago. As the century she was one of only twenty-two women tal suffering from incapacitating depres­ progressed, other schools and hospitals physicians working in eighteen mental sion, wrote about Stockton, “I felt the were also founded to train women.26 Dr. hospitals in nine states. The New York first time she came into my darkened Sarah Stockton, whose appointment to Times of December 7, 1883, reported room, where I lay in such agony as only the Indiana State Hospital for the Insane that her appointment was the first miserable women suffer, and seating Mary Thomas wrote about, trained at official recognition of a female physician herself at my bedside, looking pityingly some of these institutions. in the history of Indiana.27 at me, the expression in her lovely blue Stockton was born in 1842 on a In his 1884 annual report, Dr. Wil­ eyes in itself a mute promise of assis­ farm near Lafayette, Indiana, and later liam Fletcher, the superintendent who tance, before a word was spoken, that operated the Stockton House, a hotel appointed Stockton, wrote that there an angel had been with me.”29 in Lafayette, with her sister after their was “general and special improved con­ After five years at the state hospital parents died. She graduated from the dition of the female patients under her Stockton went to work at Fletcher’s Women’s Medical College in Philadel­ charge. He reported that she had taken new sanitorium in Indianapolis. In 1891

8 THG: CONNECTIONS P iONEERING Women Doctors

she became the physician in charge ciation for Women and Children.33 physician . . . [who] did not spare herself at the Indiana Reform School for Girls The Montgomery County Medical where duty called. She was charitable to and Women’s Prison in Indianapolis. Society was founded in 1872 but did the utmost degree and always ready to Eight years later Stockton returned to not admit women at that time. Martha help the needy whether she expected the state mental hospital, serving as a Griffith became a member in 1880 and remuneration or not.” Maria Jessup was full-time physician there until her health was later vice president of the society. described in a Hendricks County history failed in 1923. Stockton died the follow­ Her husband was also a prominent as “a woman of great strength of char­ ing year.30 citizen of Crawfordsville, and their son acter and with a tender and sympathetic James became a physician and practiced feeling which should be the necessary Dr. Martha (Hutchings) Griffith in Crawfordsville as well.34 concomitant of the technical experience Women physicians, like midwives needed for the successful physician.”37 before them, often made house calls Dr. Maria (Allen) Jessup where they were able to educate Maria Allen was born in 1846 on a Dr. Sarah (Fowler) Stockwell mothers about hygiene. Some of these farm near Fairfield, Indiana. A Quaker, Sarah Fowler was born in LaGrange women doctors contributed to the she received her early education at County, Indiana, in 1841 and attended founding of public health as a specialty the Fairfield Friends School in Camby public schools and the Wolcottville in medicine.31 One of these was Dr. Mar­ and the Academy in Spiceland, and Seminary. She married James Stockwell tha (Hutchings) Griffith. Griffith’s career, she taught in one-room schoolhouses in 1857. Deciding to attend medical similar to Mary Thomas’s, represents for twenty years. Allen’s brother and a school at age 30 in 1870, she had to the transition from apprenticing with cousin were physicians. At the age of sell most of her worldly goods to afford a physician sympathetic to women in 38 she began to study medicine, and in it. In 1876 Stockwell graduated with medicine to training in medical schools 1887 Allen graduated from Northwest­ honors from the University of Michigan and hospitals established especially to ern University Women’s Medical Col­ School of Medicine and began practic­ educate women. lege. Soon after, she married widower ing pediatrics and gynecology in South Martha Hutchings was born in 1842. Joel Jessup, a dairy farmer and busi­ Bend, Indiana. She practiced there until As a young woman, she studied for nessman. For almost thirty years Maria her death in 1904, winning “the esteem two years with a physician in Vernon, Jessup maintained a medical practice in of both the community and her profes­ Indiana. She then attended Women’s Hendricks, Morgan, and Marion Coun­ sional associates.”38 Medical College of Pennsylvania. After ties. “Dr. Ria,” as she was called, had an graduating in 1870, Hutchings interned office in her husband’s home in Friends­ Dr. Hanna Rous at the New England Hospital for Women wood, Indiana. She visited the sick and Hannah Rous was born in Switzer­ and Children in Boston. She practiced delivered babies day or night. A young land County, Indiana, in 1854 and gradu­ for about a year and a half in Madison, man frequently accompanied her to care ated from Vevay High School. After Indiana, before marrying Dr. Thomas E. for her horse and buggy while she made attending Moore’s Hill Normal School, Griffith, who came from a family of house calls. She continued medical she taught for several years in order to physicians.32 practice until 1914 when health reasons save money for medical school. In 1886 The Griffiths both practiced in Dar­ forced her into retirement.35 Rous graduated from the University lington, a town in Montgomery County, Maria Jessup was active in the of Michigan, School of Medicine. She Indiana, until 1888 when they moved to Fairfield Friends Meeting, the Woman’s returned to Vevay, where she practiced Crawfordsville, the county seat. Martha Foreign Missionary Society, and the medicine until her death in 1905. Rous Griffith specialized in diseases of women Women’s Christian Temperance Union. was active in the Methodist Episcopal and children. Because of her work edu­ An ardent Bible student, she taught a Church and in the Switzerland County cating women about the health of their weekly women’s Bible class until shortly Medical Society, of which she was families, she was considered a pioneer in before her death in 1922.36 secretary from its organization until just the public health field. She also par­ Maria Jessup’s obituary in the before her death. In Transactions of the ticipated in many charitable activities Plainfield Messenger describes her as Indiana State Medical Society, J. P. Ward in Crawfordsville, including helping to “an exponent of the gospel of good wrote of Rous, “In her death the county, found the Community House Asso­ cheer, a sympathetic and conscientious State and American Medical Association

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The Women’s Building at Central Indiana Hospital for the Insane where Sarah Stockton was physician (Bass Photo Co. Collection, P 0130, Indiana Historical Society)

[lost] one of their most valued and use­ In 1825 the Indiana General Assem­ women had graduated from medical ful members.”39 bly gave the Indiana State Medical school in the 1890s. Women were much Society authority to license physi­ more likely to have graduated from The Effects of Early Women Doctors on Succeeding Generations cians but provided no qualifications for sectarian schools (52 percent) than men 40 The efforts of these women doctor obtaining a license and no penalties for (22 percent). pioneers and others like them who were practicing without a license. Sixty years By the turn of the twentieth century, entering professions formerly restricted later the General Assembly required a more and more medical schools were to men were part of a wave of feminist practicing physician to obtain a license becoming four-year institutions associ­ activity in America that began in the through the circuit court of the county. ated with universities. College graduation middle of the nineteenth century and In 1897 an act of the assembly estab­ was required for admission, and higher resulted in women’s suffrage in national lished a medical licensing board for state academic standards were adopted. One elections in 1920. National organizations licensing and established requirements of these schools was Indiana University 41 of women’s clubs, promoting progressive for medical schools and for individuals School of Medicine, established in 1909. to take state licensure exams. That year causes such as temperance, impacted Medical Schools in the Mid-Twentieth many areas of society including improv­ 4,858 medical licenses were granted. Century ing the health of families. Just 115 of them—2.4 per cent—were In the 1950s midwestern medical women. Almost one-third of these school I attended, there were only three

10 THG: CONNECTIONS P iONEERING Women Doctors

women in a class of more than one hun­ one as a psychiatrist and the other as a 8. Willard and Livermore, American dred. Although women were accepted pediatrician. Women, 774; History of Wayne County, In- as physicians, there were only a dozen Women did not begin to enter medi­ diana, History of Indiana and the North­ women students in the entire school. cine in large numbers until another wave west Territory 1 (Chicago: Inter-State Publishing, 1884), 606; Bacon, Mothers In the conservative 1950s women of feminism in the 1970s began breaking of Feminism, 151. Founded in 1850 as the were not encouraged to enter profes­ down barriers to jobs for women. Now, Female Medical College of Pennsylva­ sions, although most medical schools in the twenty-first century, half of all nia, the school changed its name to the in America admitted a few women in medical students in the United States Women’s Medical College of Pennsylva­ each class. Women’s Medical College of are women.43 nia in 1867. In 1970 the school’s name Pennsylvania would remain a school for changed again to the Medical College Notes women for a few more decades before of Pennsylvania, in accordance with 1. Emily Kennedy Pearce, “Mary Holloway it joined with other schools and became the decision to admit male students. Wilhite, 1st Woman Doctor Here,” Craw- With these variations, the author used coeducational.42 fordsville Journal–Review, April 27, 1977. the term Women’s Medical College of By the 1950s graduation from medi­ The author added italics in the quote. Pennsylvania throughout the article for cal school was not sufficient training to 2. Barbara Welter, “The Cult of True Wom­ consistency. practice medicine. The first year of post- anhood, 1820–1860,” American Quar- 9. The author collated statistics on female graduate training, usually in a hospital terly 18, no. 2 (Summer 1966): 151–52, Indiana medical school graduates from and its outpatient clinics, under the 162, 163–64; Merril D. Smith, Women’s state medical licensure records of 1856 Roles in Eighteenth-Century America supervision of staff physicians, was then through 1890 at the Indiana State Ar­ (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2010), called internship. I interned at a commu­ chives. 12, 68. 10. Willard and Livermore, American nity hospital that had been in existence 3. Jean Thompson, “Women Enter Medical Women, 774; Bonner, Becoming a Physi- for seventy years. Nevertheless, there Field,” Montgomery Magazine 13, no. 5 cian, 211; Ronald L. Numbers, “Do-It- were only three women physicians (May 1988): 13. Yourself the Sectarian Way,” in “Send on staff and I was the hospital’s first 4. Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife’s Tale: Us a Lady Physician,” 43–44; Clifton J. woman intern. The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Phillips, Indiana in Transition: The Emer- After the internship, medical Diary, 1785–1812 (New York: Vintage gence of an Industrial Commonwealth, Books, 1991), 3–5, 28, 33, 248. students of the 1950s and early 1960s 1880–1920, The History of Indiana 4 5. Tiffany K. Wayne, Women’s Roles in Nine- served three years of residency in a (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, teenth-Century America (Westport, CT: specialty. I returned to my alma mater 1968), 473; Regina Markell Morantz– Greenwood, 2007), 72–74, 89, 91–93. Sanchez, Sympathy and Science: Woman for a psychiatry residency. (Now, all 6. Ruth J. Abram, “Soon the Baby Died: Physicians in American Medicine (New four years are considered residency, and Medical Training in Nineteenth-Century York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 31, there is no internship.) It was no doubt America,” in “Send Us a Lady Physician”: 69. easier than the situation Sarah Stock­ Women Doctors in America, 1835–1920, 11. Pearce, “Mary Holloway Wilhite”; H. W. ton had faced in Indianapolis. Indeed, ed. Ruth J. Abram (New York: W. W. Beckwith, History of Montgomery County psychiatry had become “a good field for Norton and Co., 1985), 17–18; Margaret (Chicago: H. H. Hill and N. Iddings, Hope Bacon, Mothers of Feminism: The a woman” along with pediatrics and ob­ 1881), 168–69. Story of Quaker Women in America (San stetrics. There were still very few women 12. Willard and Livermore, American Francisco, CA: Harper and Row, 1986), Women, 774; Pearce, “Mary Holloway in specialties such as surgery, however. 153–54; Thomas Neville Bonner, Becom- Wilhite.” I did not encounter the harassment ing a Physician: Medical Education in 13. Ibid.; Beckwith, History of Montgomery experienced by Mary Thomas, but occa­ Britain, France, Germany, and the United County, 168–69. sionally I heard the concern that women States, 1750–1945 (New York: Oxford 14. Pearce, “Mary Holloway Wilhite.” would get married and give up medi­ University Press, 1995), 210. 15. Willard and Livermore, American cal practice, thus wasting the training 7. Pearce, “Mary Holloway Wilhite”; Women, 774. Frances E. Willard and Mary A. Liver­ that a man could have had. The other 16. Ibid.; Thompson, “Women Enter Medical more, American Women: Fifteen Hundred two women in my medical school class Field,” 13. Biographies (New York: Mast, Crowell 17. Abram, “Soon the Baby Died,” 17; Bacon, married men in the class, raised families, and Kirkpatrick, 1897), 774. Mothers of Feminism, 2, 152–54, 164; and continued to practice medicine—

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Clifton J. Phillips, “Thomas, Mary Frame cal Society, 35; Hibberd, “Mary Frame 36. Fox, “Dual Careers of Maria Allen Jes­ Myers,” in Notable American Women, Thomas,” 210. sup”; “Obituary.” 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, ed. 26. Bonner, Becoming a Physician, 211–12. 37. “Obituary”; Hadley, History of Hendricks Edward T. James, vol. 3 (Cambridge, MA: 27. “Sarah Stockton, Doctor at Insane Hos­ County, 586. Belknap Press, 1971), 450. pital, Dies,” Indianapolis News, 38. Mary M. Dunnigan, “Women Physicians 18. Bacon, Mothers of Feminism, 153; Phillips, March 14, 1924; “Dr. Stockton Dies After Blazed Trail,” South Bend Tribune, May 12, “Thomas, Mary Frame Myers,” 450; Long Illness,” Indianapolis Star, March 14, 1991; H. F. Mitchell, “Sarah F. Stockwell, James F. Hibberd, “Mary Frame Thomas, 1924; “A Female Physician Appointed,” M.D.,” Transactions of the Indiana State M.D.,” Transactions of the Indiana State New York Times, December 7, 1883; Medical Society 55 (1904): 362. Medical Society 40 (1889): 210; Mary M. Jennie McCowen, Women Physicians in 39. J. P. Ward, “Hannah C. Rous, M.D.,” Dunnigan, “Women Physicians Blazed Hospitals for the Insane (Buffalo, NY: Transactions of the Indiana State Medical Trail,” South Bend Tribune, May 12, 1991. Peter Paul and Bros., 1886), 7; “Dr. Sarah Society 56 (1905): 457. 19. Quoted in Charles A. Bonsett, “Medical Stockton,” Eastern Star 4, no. 1 (June 40. Thornbrough, Indiana in the Civil War Era, Museum Notes,” The Journal of the State 1891): 9; Indiana State Archives, “Sarah 533–34; Phillips, Indiana in Transition, of Indiana Medical Association 73, no. 5 Stockton, M.D. (1842–1924),” in Central 472–73. The author compiled statistics (May 1980): 270. State Hospital Collection: Index, Indiana on female medical licenses from the 20. Hibberd, “Mary Frame Thomas,” 210; Commission on Public Records, http:// Indiana Medical License Records at the Emma Lou Thornbrough, Indiana in the www.in.gov/icpr/2713.htm. Indiana State Archives. Civil War Era, 1850–1880, The His­ 28. “A Female Physician Appointed”; W. B. 41. Phillips, Indiana in Transition, 415, 418–19, tory of Indiana 3 (Indianapolis: Indiana Fletcher, “Superintendent’s Report,” 473. Historical Society, 1989), 531; G. W. H. 36th Annual Report of the Trustees and 42. Amanda Rogers, “The History of Kemper, An Index and Alphabetical List of Superintendent of the Indiana Hospital Women’s Medical College of Pennsylva­ Contributors to the Transactions of the for the Insane (Indianapolis: William B. nia,” Examiner.com, January 29, 2009, Indiana State Medical Society (Muncie, Burford, 1884), 18. http://www.examiner.com/article/the- IN: 1915), 35. 29. Anna Agnew, From Under the Cloud (Cin­ history-of-women-s-medical-college- 21. John T. Plummer, A Directory to the City cinnati: Robert Clarke and Co., 1887), of-pennsylvania. of Richmond, Indiana, Containing Names, 151. 43. American Medical Association Women Business and Residence of the Inhabitants 30. “Sarah Stockton, M.D. (1842–1924)”; Physicians Congress, “Women in Medi­ (Richmond, IN: R. O. Dormer and W. B. “Sarah Stockton, Doctor at Insane Hos­ cine: An AMA Timeline,” last modified Holloway, 1857), 147. pital, Dies.” 2004, http://www.ama-assn.org/re­ 22. Phillips, “Thomas, Mary Frame Myers,” 31. Ellen J. Smith, “Teaching: ‘For Which sources/doc/wpc/wimtimeline.pdf. 451; Bacon, Mothers of Feminism, 154. Woman is Preeminently Fitted,’” in 23. Hibberd, “Mary Frame Thomas,” 210; “Send Us a Lady Physician,” 168–69. Lucy Jane King, MD, is a graduate of, and History of Wayne County, 607. 32. Thompson, “Women Enter Medical was trained in psychiatry at, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri. Her work 24. Phillips, “Thomas, Mary Frame Myers,” Field,” 14. has been primarily in academic psychiatry 450–51; G. W. H. Kemper, A Medical 33. Ibid. where her interests have been in psychi- History of the State of Indiana (Chicago: 34. Ibid. atric diagnosis, psychopharmacology, and American Medical Association Press, 35. Paul G. Fox, “The Dual Careers of Maria the role of alcoholism and addictions in 1911), 348; History of Wayne County, Allen Jessup, M.D.,” Mooresville/Decatur psychiatry. She is a clinical professor of 606–8. Times, January 30, 2002; “Obituary,” psychiatry emerita at Indiana University 25. Kemper, A Medical History of the State Plainfield Messenger, May 11, 1922; School of Medicine and a Distinguished Life of Indiana, 348; Kemper, Index and John V. Hadley, ed., History of Hendricks Fellow of the American Psychiatric Associa- Alphabetical List of Contributors to the County, Indiana (Indianapolis: B. F. tion. In recent years she has written about Transactions of the Indiana State Medi­ Bowen and Co., 1914), 584–86. the history of psychiatry.

12 THG: CONNECTIONS How Hoosiers Got Hitched The Genealogist’s Guide to Indiana Marriage Records

HAROLD HENDERSON, CGSM

Marriages are the beating heart of used. Sometimes the same questions 3B (consolidated applications, from the genealogy, bringing two lines of ances­ were asked in varying formats. Not mid- to late-1900s), I have grouped tors together. When dealing with times everything was done the same way records that sometimes provide slightly and places that lack marriage records, everywhere, and some records have different information. I hope this at­ such as New York before 1880, Pennsyl­ been lost, mislaid, or overlooked. tempt at definition will prove robust vania before 1906, and South Carolina This article identifies and describes enough that future refinements can be before 1911, genealogists have to work seven types of marriage records created made by describing subdivisions of these harder to accomplish less.1 in Indiana (see Table 1). It should provide seven record types. Additions and cor­ But not all marriage records are enough information for researchers to rections are welcome. created equal. Different records give identify the varying record types even There are two practical research different amounts of information, and when the format is unexpected. (Spe­ reasons to identify, describe, and classify the formats and information required cial provisions made for Quaker mar­ marriage records. First, many research­ change over time. This article describes riages are not discussed here.) Like any ers may be unaware that substantial how marriage records have changed in taxonomy, separating out record types information may exist before 1905, Indiana with special focus on the 1880s is a judgment call on which reason­ when marriage applications were made to the . During this period several able people can disagree. I have tried mandatory. Second, many researchers different kinds of records were created to focus on substance (the information may be unaware that in some counties and sometimes overlapped, providing provided) rather than format, but with and during some time periods, record often-overlooked opportunities to find common-sense exceptions. In record types overlapped. When more than one information. Existing guides to Indiana types 2B and 2C (registers, dating from kind of record was created for each mar­ research do not deal specifically with the late 1800s), I have distinguished two riage, interesting discrepancies may ap­ these records, which is understandable strikingly different formats that provide pear, allowing information to be tested given their multiplicity. similar information; under record type and refined. Beginning in the late 1800s, Indiana TABLE 1. INDIANA MARRIAGE RECORDS THROUGH THE YEARS marriage records tended to provide increasing amounts of information. They No. Type Year Begun New Features have also caused increasing confusion, because the records changed and were 1A License and Return Ca. 1788 Couple and officiant inconsistently named. At times different 1B Affidavit 1822? Third party testimony records were called by the same name, 2A Board of Health Return 1881/82 Info on couple and parents and the same records were called by different names. 2B Register 1881/82 Adding to the confusion, state law 2C Oversize Register 1891 did not specify which forms the ninety- 3A Application 1905 More on couple and parents two county clerks or public health officers were to use. The creation of a 3B Consolidated Application 1941 Health and child support new form, moreover, did not necessar­ Note: Information in 2B and 2C may have been derived from 2A or similar returns. ily mean that the old one ceased being SM Table courtesy of Harold Henderson, CG

Fllintera /w 2013 13 Joseph and Sarah (Harris) Soloman were married in the first public Jewish wedding in Indianapolis on January 25, 1860. The wedding took place in the Jewish synagogue that was located on East Washington Street and was known as Union Hall. Joseph is seated to the right of Sarah. (Jewish Welfare Federation Photographs, M 0463, Indiana Historical Society)

14 THG: CONNECTIONS TABLE 2. INDIANA MARRIAGE LAWS, 1788–1997 DATE EFFECTIVE AGE TO AGE TO MARRY REQUIRED RESIDENCY MARRY WITHOUT CONSENT 17881 M17, F14 M21, F18

1831 Feb. 42 M14, F12 M21, F18 license in county where one or both live

1838 Feb. 173 M18, F14 M21, F18 license in county where F resided 1 month +

18434 M17, F14 M21, F18 license in county where F resided 1 month +

1853 May 65 M17, F14* M21, F18 license in county where F resides

1877 Jul. 26 M18, F16 M21, F18 license in county where F resides

1940 Mar. 17 M18, F16 M21, F18 license in county where couple applied

1958 Jan. 18 M18, F16 M21, F18 license in county where one or both live

19719 M18, F16 M21, F18 license in county where one or both live

1973 Apr. 1610 M18, F16 18 license in county where one or both live

199711 15 or 17** 18 ?

* If no parent or guardian in state, and if female has lived in county one month or more, license will issue. ** If both are age seventeen, parental consent required. If both are at least age fifteen, and the female is pregnant or they have a child, both court and parental consent required. 1. Theodore C. Pease, ed., The Laws of the , 1788–1800, Illinois Historical Collections 17 (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925), 330‐31; Reprint of Laws Passed in the Territory of the United States North‐West of the River Ohio (Philadelphia: Francis Childs and John Swaine, 1792), 16–17. 2. The Revised Laws of Indiana, in which Are Comprised All such Acts of a General Nature as Are in Force in Said State; Adopted and Enacted by the General Assembly at their Fifteenth Session (Indianapolis: Douglass and Maguire, 1831), 370–72, Google Books, http://www.books.google.com/. 3. The Revised Statutes of the State of Indiana, Adopted and Enacted by the General Assembly at Their Twenty‐second Session (Indianapolis: Douglass and Noel, 1838), 410–11, Google Books, http://www.books.google.com/. 4. [Revised Statutes of Indiana, Passed at the] Twenty‐seventh Session of the General Assembly (Indianapolis: John Dowling and R. Cole, 1843), 595, Google Books, http://www.books.google.com/. 5. The Revised Statutes of the State of Indiana, Passed at the Thirty‐sixth Session of the General Assembly (Indianapolis: J. P. Chapman, 1852), vol. 1, 361–63, Google Books, http://www.books.google.com/, enacted March 5, 1852, but effective May 6, 1853, according to Frazer, et al., in Note 6. 6. James S. Frazer, et al., comp., Revised Statutes of Indiana (Chicago: E. B. Myers and Co., 1881), 1154, Google Books, http://www.books.google.com/; Laws of the State of Indiana Passed at the Fiftieth Regular Session of the General Assembly (Indianapolis: Sentinel, 1877), 94. 7. Laws of the State of Indiana Passed at the Eighty‐first Regular Session of the General Assembly, 1939 (Indianapolis: Wm. B. Burford, 1939), 513. 8. Laws of the State of Indiana Passed at the Ninetieth Regular Session of the General Assembly, 1957 (Indianapolis: Bookwalter, 1957), 230. 9. The Indiana Code of 1971, Titles 26–31 (N.p.: Larry Conrad, [1971/72?]): Title 31 (family law), Article 1 (marriage and divorce), Chapter 1 (marriage and divorce), Sections 1 and 3 (legal age and residency), Section 4 (consent). 10. Laws of the State of Indiana Passed at the First Regular Session of the 98th General Assembly, 1973, vol. 2 (N.p.: Central Publishing, [1973/74?]), P.L. 295, Section 1, p. 1573, date of enactment. 11. Indiana Legislative Services Agency, Office of Code Revision, Indiana Code, Title 31, Article 11, Chapter 1, Sections 4–6, http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/2010/title31/ar11/ch1.html, citing P. L . 1‐1997, Section 3. According to the table of derivations, 31‐11‐1, sections 4 through 6, were formerly 31‐7‐1, sections 5–7, http://www.in.gov/legislative/pdf/recodTables/31DERIVATIONTABLE.pdf.

Table courtesy of Harold Henderson, CGSM

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Figure 1A. Record Type 1A: Example of an early marriage return from Floyd County, Indiana. It appears in this case that the officiants ap- peared in person to write their marriage returns in a register kept perhaps by a clerk at the county courthouse. The return above reads as follows: “I Daniel C Banks a minister of the Gospel of the Presbyterian church [and] legally authorized to solemnize marriages, do hereby certify that under the authority of the within Licence I did on [the/this] 1st day of May 1838 join in marriage the within named Wm Sage and Mary Ann McDonald under my hand this 2nd day of May 1838, Daniel C Banks.” (Sage–McDonald, May 1, 1838, Floyd County, Indiana, Marriage Record, 1837–1845, p. 25, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-267-12649-63081- 56?cc=1410397&wc=M9QW-C54:699122344)

The following account is based on a Record Type 1A: oped. This format reflects a two-step survey of the sixty-seven counties with License and Return marriage process: record images online at FamilySearch as The basic marriage record consists 1. Couples first obtained a marriage of June 18, 2013, as well as research in of a license and return. This format rests license from a government official, the microfilmed records for many coun­ on the understanding that marriage is normally the county clerk. The license ties at the Allen County Public Library a contract with both private and public authorized certain other individuals, Genealogy Center, the Indiana State Li­ implications and is the foundation upon usually clergymen or justices of the brary, and the Indiana Historical Society. which other marriage records are devel­ peace, to officiate at the marriage. For some counties on-site research was required. Knowing record types can be help­ ful, but it is not enough. Before delving into the types of marriage records, this article looks at marriage laws. Knowl­ edge of Indiana marriage law enables researchers to squeeze additional infor­ mation from the records. For example, between 1838 and 1940, county clerks were forbidden to license any woman to marry unless she was a resident of their county, and a clerk who issued a license to a female newcomer could face a substantial fine. Thus, marriage records during those 102 years provide evidence that either the brides were county residents or the law was being flouted. Table 2 on page 15 summarizes state marriage laws from 1788 to 1997. Not all laws regarding marriage are included, Figure 1B. Record Type 1A: This example shows both a marriage license and return. The top portion is the license, dated March 26, 1855, authorizing an officiant to solemnize the mar- and enactment and effectiveness dates riage of Thomas Dyar and Elizabeth J. Adams in Owen County, Indiana. The bottom portion, may not be well distinguished prior to a return, shows that the couple was married the next day. The middle of the document 1853. states that the clerk of the court, Basil Meek, filed; (copied into his record book) the return on May 7, 1855. (Dyar–Adams, March 26–27, 1855, Owen County, Indiana, marriage record D [1854–1863], p. 59, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/ TH-266-11033-101418-88?cc=1410397&wc=M9QW-8QY:n1671264047)

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2. After the ceremony, the officiant record specified the officiant’s status as of the marriage process, perhaps in conveyed a “return” to the license- a clergyman or public official (usually a order to protect them if they should giving official. The “return,” much like justice of the peace). Occasionally the mistakenly license ineligible individu­ a census return in that it is a form record also included the parties’ ages or als to marry. Someone, usually a third that reports information back to the places of residence, or the names of wit­ party, would swear that the couple government, tells when and where nesses. If either party was underage, the could legally be married (and sometimes the marriage took place. Even in early consent of a parent or guardian might that the woman resided in the county). days, failure to make a return was have been attached. These documents therefore name one prosecuted, with punitive fines levied Later record types have built upon person for each couple who was able on conviction. For instance, Theodore this basic record but have never re­ and willing to come to the courthouse Catlin officiated at two marriages in placed it. In early years each record was and testify about them (see Fig. 2). La Porte County in February 1840 handmade, with all information written Many counties have not preserved and did not enter the returns until out anew each time; later a variety of the affidavits, and some may not have March 1, 1841. He was fined $25 for preprinted forms came into use (see used them. Those counties that have each offense.2 Figs. 1A and 1B). preserved the affidavits have differ­ This early record type provided only ent ways of organizing them. In 1940 Record Type 1B: Affidavit the names of the parties, the date and Marion County retained fifty-nine Many clerks obtained affidavits in place of the license and marriage, and volumes of bound affidavits going back addition to a license and return as part 3 the name of the officiant. Usually the to 1822. In 1893 Allen County attached

Figure 2. Record Type 1B: Affidavit (Charles Darst for Ainsworth–Case, 1894, Adams County, Indiana, Marriage Affidavits, vol. 1 [1891–1908], p. 25, Family History Library microfilm 2,321,468, Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center no. 70)

Fllintera /w 2013 17 Wedding photograph of Douglas R. Kitley and Athila Kitley, Indianapolis, ca. 1880s (Michael Haydon Miller Collection, 1834–2000, P 0385, Indiana Historical Society)

18 THG: CONNECTIONS Hwo Hoosiers Got Hitched

Figure 3. Variant of Record Type 2C: Oversized register (Franklin County, Indiana, Marriage Records, vol. 19–20 [1931–1939], p.85, Indiana Marriages, 1811–1959 database, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-12048-72318-35?cc=1410397) an affidavit to each license and return.4 ing thirty-one items of information: • The number of the bride’s marriage In 1903 Lawrence County kept affidavits • Groom’s full name, residence, occupa­ • Date and place of marriage separately; later they were microfilmed tion, age, color, race, birthplace, and .5 • Witnesses separately nationality • Name of individual solemnizing Record Type 2A: Board of Health • Groom’s father’s name and nationality marriage Marriage Return, 1881– • Groom’s mother’s name and nationality An 1881 law established the Indiana No one was legally required to • The number of the groom’s marriage State Board of Health, which among ask or answer these questions, however, other things was to provide a form for • Bride’s full name, maiden name if a and many failed to do so. In 1884 county officials to keep “a complete widow, residence, occupation, age, Dr. E. S. Elder, superintendent of the record of all marriages.”6 The new form, color, race, birthplace, and nationality Board of Health’s Bureau of Vital and Sanitary Statistics, complained that “it a kind of marriage return, asked the • Bride’s father’s name and nationality officiant at the marriage to record the is impossible to compel any party to • Bride’s mother’s name and nationality answers to seventeen questions, produc­ make a marriage return as designed by

Fllintera /w 2013 19 Wedding day photo of Carolyn Cain with bridesmaids, ring-bearer, and flower girl, ca. 1925–1928 (Indianapolis Recorder Collection, P 0303, Indiana Historical Society)

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the State Board of Health law.” He urged with multiple columns and two or three ond cousin to the bride (groom only) legislators to make the elaborate new questions heading each column, each • Father’s name, color, birthplace, resi­ 7 returns mandatory. question was given a column of its own. dence, and occupation This created more columns than could Record Type 2B: Register, 1881– possibly fit into two pages, so the pub­ • Mother’s maiden name, color, birth­ In addition to the Board of Health lishers inserted a pair of half-size pages place, residence, and occupation return, many county clerks also appear between each pair of regular pages to • Whether either bride or groom had to have recopied the individual mar­ accommodate the additional columns. been in a “county asylum or home for riage returns into large-format marriage The information copied into these regis­ indigent persons” within five years, registers, sometimes called a “record of ters differed only slightly from the 1881 and if yes, whether the groom could returns of marriages.” Each marriage was registers. They omitted the “race” of support a family listed on its own line that ran across two bride and groom, a vague category that • Whether this was either party’s first facing pages, broken into multiple verti­ many may have confused with “color” marriage, and if not, how many mar­ cal columns with two or three questions on earlier forms. riages for each; and whether prior heading each column. In 1933 Franklin County was still marriages were dissolved, and if so, These registers added four pieces of using a variant format of record type 2C how and when information not found in the original (oversized register). Franklin County’s • Whether either had “epilepsy, tubercu­ returns: the number and date of the forms contained the same questions losis, venereal, or any other contagious marriage license, the name of anyone and answers as in 2C, but the informa­ or transmissible disease” making an affidavit, and the name(s) of tion was arranged in a vertical format anyone giving consent. They also silently for each couple so that four marriages • Whether either was “an imbecile, omitted four other data items that ap­ could be included on one page. The look feeble-minded, idiotic or insane,” or peared on the underlying returns: the is different, but the questions are the “under guardianship as a person of nationalities of the couple’s four parents. same. Evidently the county health com­ unsound mind.” This information is only available on the missioner copied this information, likely The 1905 application gave more original returns, which were occasionally from the original returns, as he recorded information than ever before. For the discarded. many earlier marriages all on the same bride and groom’s parents, it required date, July 3, 1933 (see Fig. 3, page 19). Record Type 2C: Oversized information concerning occupations, residences, birthplaces, and current Register, 1891?– Record Type 3A: Application, On February 19, 1891, the legis­ 1905– locations (or deaths). For bride and lature re-established the State Board Dr. Elder’s dream of enforcement groom, it required specific birth dates as of Health, requiring county boards to came true twenty-one years after his opposed to ages; information about any enforce its regulations.8 The state board complaint. On March 6, 1905, the state previous marriages and their dissolution; ruled that marriage officiants were to legislature decreed that “no license and information about various health complete the forms provided by the to marry shall be issued except upon issues. county clerk and send back the marriage written and verified application.”10 Not Since the couple filled out these returns within five days.9 Under the law, only were the new applications manda­ applications in order to get a marriage the secretary of a county health board tory, they were more thorough than license, it might seem obvious that could be charged with a misdemeanor the previous versions. Groom and bride they could give no information about if he failed to comply with this regula­ filled out nearly identical questionnaires, the time, place, officiant, witnesses, or tion, but the secretary does not seem to including the following information: anything else about the marriage itself. have had the corresponding authority Eventually some consolidated applica­ • Name, color, birthplace, birth date, to compel marriage officiants to submit tions came into use. For instance, in residence, occupation the returns. 1939 Carroll County included space for At about the same time, a new kind • Means of family support if no occupa­ two witnesses. of marriage register appeared in many tion (groom only) counties. Instead of two facing pages • Whether groom was closer than sec­

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Figure 4A: Register entry made from Board of Health return for marriage of Jess D. Daily and Dessie Beery (Daily–Beery, September 1906, Adams County, Indiana, Record of Returns of Marriages, [2B] Vol. 1, 1894–1914, p. 193, line 3, Indiana Marriages, 1811–1959 database, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-11740-142620-85?cc=1410397&wc=M9QW-CGJ:729103035, Family History Library microfilm 2,321,357)

Figure 4B: Application for marriage license for Jesse Davis Dailey and Dessie June Beery (Daily–Beery, September 1906, Adams County, Indiana, marriage applications, [3A] Vol. 2, 1906–1907, unpaginated, Indiana Marriages, 1811–1959 database, FamilySearch, https://family ​se​arch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-11856-29088-63?cc=1410397&wc=M9QW-CP1:n939157702, Family History Library microfilm 2,321,466)

Record Type 3B: Consolidated as more details of the couple’s health application to show that neither had Application, 1941– history. Later on the health history was communicable syphilis, but this record From 1905 through 1941 changes on streamlined, and by 1981 questions appears to have been kept separately the marriage application were compara­ about color or race were no longer rather than being included in the tively minor. After 1941 more informa­ asked. application.11 tion was requested about any previous A 1957 law required that couples In 1973 men were asked: children the man had fathered (including have a medical examination within • Name, residence, occupation, color their names and support status) as well thirty days of making their marriage or race (white, negro, other), date and place of birth

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• Source of birth date (birth certificate, TABLE 3. DAILY–BEERY MARRIAGE, ADAMS CO UNT Y, INDIANA, 1906 judicial decree, other) COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT RECORD TYPES

• Marital status (including number of Data Item Record Type 2B (Register Record Type 3A (Application, previous marriages) entry of Board of Health probably completed by bride • Previous marriage’s end (death, di­ return, derived from and/or groom) vorce, or annulment) original, which was • A health and family status checklist: probably created by whether imbecile, unsound mind, guardian, inmate of home for indi­ officiant) gent, transmissible disease, related to Groom’s name Jess D. Daily Jesse Davis (OR David) Dailey bride closer than second cousin, and Groom’s father’s name Nimrod Daily Deceased under influence of intoxicating liquor or narcotic drug; ability to support a Groom’s birthplace Decatur, Indiana Adams County, Indiana family, minor children from prior mar­ Groom’s occupation Merchant Clothier riages (name[s], age[s], address[es]), Bride’s name Dessie Beery Dessie June Beery and whether or not supporting them or complying with court orders Bride’s father’s name Daniel Beery Daniel Webster Beery • Father’s name, residence, occupation, Bride’s mother’s name Etta Hower Marietta Beery

race, and state or country of birth Italics indicates additional information in record (not necessarily more accurate)

• Mother’s maiden name, occupation, SM Table courtesy of Harold Henderson, CG race, and birthplace

The woman’s application omitted the questions about living in a home for the indigent, ability to support a family, As noted above, record type 3A the bride’s mother and the presiding and support of children from previous (application) gives more information minister shared the same surname. On marriages. The parental-consent portion than record type 2B (Board of Health the other hand, if we consulted only the of the form was supposed to include an return) about ages and parents. But Board of Health return, we might won­ explanation if only one parent signed.12 3A is not the only record we need to der who the witness D. W. Beery was, or consult. Sometimes one record gives what sort of merchant the groom was. Using Different Marriage Records more information, sometimes the other; Nor would we know that the groom ap­ to Find or Test Information there is no set pattern. Of course, the parently signed both his and the bride’s Knowing about the different mar­ additional information may or may not applications—something that did not riage records and understanding that be correct. To determine that, we have happen in either of the adjacent mar­ each one could be used in conjunction to correlate with other, independently riage applications. Could that provide a with other types of marriage records can created records. hint as to the flavor of their relationship? make a practical difference in our re­ Table 3 extracts seven points of Similarly, the Franklin County records search, enabling us to find and compare information on which the two record shown in Figure 3 (page 19), a variant different records of the same marriage. types differ. Most notably, record type of record type 2C (oversized register), In Adams County, for instance, many 2B (Board of Health return, Fig. 4A) gives remained in use and overlap helpfully marriages were recorded in two differ­ the maiden name of the bride’s mother, with record type 3A (application) as ent record types: 2B (post-1881 registers whereas record type 3A (application, late as 1933. No doubt some of these from Board of Health returns) and 3A Fig. 4B) does not. But other data items differences stem from the different ways (post-1905 applications). Take the two supply useful clues—middle names, the two records were created. Normally, records for the 1906 marriage of Jesse birthplaces, occupations. For example, we would expect the presiding minister Daily and Dessie Beery as an example if we consulted only the application for or justice of the peace to complete the (see Figs. 4A and 4B). this marriage, we would not learn that return that was later copied into record

Fllintera /w 2013 23 Hwo Hoosiers Got Hitched

type 2B (register), whereas we would Notes expect the marrying couple to complete 1. Alice Eichholz, ed., Red Book: American the State Board of Health of Indiana for record type 3A (application). Presum­ State, County, and Town Sources, 3rd the Fiscal Year Ending October 31, 1892 ably, the different informants painted ed. (Provo, UT: Ancestry, 2004), 473, (Indianapolis: Wm. B. Burford, 1893), 566–67, 595. 142, Google Books, http://www.books. slightly different pictures. Studying 2. La Porte County, Indiana, Circuit Court google.com. these differences may help us research Complete Record E:337–39, State of In- 10. “Marriage: Written Application for a further back into the past or deepen our diana vs. Theodore Catlin, County Clerk’s License,” Laws of the State of Indiana understanding of the people involved— Office, La Porte County, Indiana. Passed at the Sixty-fourth Regular Session or both. 3. Indiana Historical Records Survey, Guide of the General Assembly (Indianapolis: to Public Vital Statistics Records in Indiana Wm. B. Burford, 1905), 215, Google Where are Which Records? (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Records Books, http://www.books.google.com/. There exists no complete reliable Survey, 1941; repr., Indianapolis: Heritage 11. Laws of the State of Indiana Passed at the survey of all the types of marriage House, 1986), 94. Ninetieth Regular Session of the General records available for each Indiana county 4. Allen County, Indiana, Marriages, Mar­ Assembly (Indianapolis: Bookwalter, riage Records 1824–1951, microfilm reel 1957), 229, 234. throughout each county’s history. no. 234, Marriages Sept. 1888–Dec. 12. “Ohio County, Indiana, 1972–1981, Knowing the different types of records 1893 (Books 18–20 pt), Allen County vol. 10 (1972–1981),” Indiana Mar- (and their varying formats) can help Public Library Genealogy Center, Fort riages, 1811–1959 database, 63, researchers begin to make such a survey Wayne, Indiana. FamilySearch, https://familysearch​ for counties where their ancestors lived 5. Lawrence County, Indiana, Marriage .org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-11027- as each county has to be investigated Records, Licenses, and Applications 40691-99?cc=1410397&wc=M9QW- individually. (1818–1952), Family History Library mi­ ZRX:n1627046813. crofilm 1,317,742, FamilySearch, http:// Sometimes different record types Harold Henderson, CGSM has been a profes- will be found in different repositories. www.familysearch.org/. 6. Laws of the State of Indiana Passed at sional writer since 1979, a professional For example, in La Porte and Kosciusko genealogist since 2009, and a board- the Fifty-second Regular Session of the certified genealogist since June 2012. Counties, records of type 2C (oversized General Assembly (Indianapolis: Carlon He lives and works in northwest Indiana; registers) are in the local historical so­ and Hollenbeck, 1881), 37, 42. and at midwestroots.net. Henderson is cieties rather than in the county clerk’s 7. E. S. Elder, “Third Annual Report of the the author of Finding Ancestors in Fort office. Some have been microfilmed Bureau of Vital and Sanitary Statistics, Wayne (2013) and an every-name index and some not. Whether on microfilm for the Year Ending September 30, to the earliest court records of La Porte or in print, they may bear no name or a 1884,” Third Annual Report of the State County, Indiana. He has published articles confusing variety of names. Thus, as in Board of Health of Indiana (Indianapolis: in American Ancestors Journal (annual Wm. B. Burford, 1885), 72, Internet all areas of genealogical research, there supplement to the New England Historical Archive, http://www.archive.org/. and Genealogical Register), the National is no substitute for the adventure of ex­ 8. Laws of the State of Indiana Passed at Genealogical Society Quarterly, Archives amining the different types of marriage the Fifty-seventh Regular Session of the .com, and in six state publications, includ- records in person. General Assembly (Indianapolis: Wm. B. ing “Early Midwestern Orphanage: The In- Burford, 1891), 15, 18. dianapolis Orphans Asylum, 1851–1941, A 9. “Rules and Regulations for the Govern­ Way Station on the Winding Road of Life,” ment of Town, City, and County Boards in The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections of Health,” Eleventh Annual Report of 51, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2011): 6–17.

24 THG: CONNECTIONS REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES Noble County’s Desperado The “Old West” Tale of Marvin Kuhns, a Lovable Horse Thief

Cristinah R. Bunting

In the early history of Indiana, horses A lesser-known outlaw, Hoosier were an essential part of life, not only native Marvin Kuhns, pursued a life for transportation but also for daily of crime that occurred between the farm operations. Because horses were careers of Billy the Kid in the 1870s such a valuable commodity, horse and that of John Dillinger in the 1930s. stealing became a problem larger than He gained notoriety during the 1890s local law enforcement could handle. and into the first decade of the 1900s Horse thieves in many areas were highly for horse theft and his ability to break organized and efficient, often stealing out of jail and elude authorities. Later horses and riding them across county known as the Noble County Desperado, lines where sheriffs could not follow. he was arrested on numerous occasions Sometime in the 1840s, a group of men for crimes ranging from petty theft to in southern Indiana decided it was time murder and was held in county jails to “meet organization with organization” and state penitentiaries across Indiana and formed a group that pledged to and Ohio. He was known for loving put an end to horse theft.1 In 1848 the adventure and seeing his name in the group was incorporated by the Indiana newsp​ apers. Kuhns’s life ended violently General Assembly and later became the when he was fatally shot during a gun Marvin Kuhns (1867–1907) (from a news National Horse Thief Detective Associa­ fight in Van Wert, Ohio.4 clipping held by the Noble County Histori- tion. Similar groups were established Although Kuhns’s name would later cal Society) across Indiana and in Illinois and Ohio be splashed across newspaper head­ to help suppress the growing problem of lines, his life had humble beginnings. His his father tell stories of his time fight­ horse thievery.2 father, Simon Peter Kuhns, was born ing in the Mexican-American War and Notorious horse thieves and bandits around 1825 in Fairfield County, Ohio. searching for gold in California. The ar­ of the late nineteenth century made His mother, Lydia/Lidia (Parkinson) ticles stated that his father’s stories bred headlines stealing horses, giving horse Kuhns was born in 1844 in Perry County, a “roving disposition and discontent­ thief detective organizations reason to Ohio. After marrying, the couple settled ment” in Kuhns, creating an obsession exist. By the early twentieth century, with in Noble County, Indiana, where they for adventure within the young boy.6 the advent of new forms of transporta­ had five or six children: sons Joseph, Kuhns’s first run-in with the law came tion and farm technology,” outlaws were Marvin, and John and two daughters, at age eleven or twelve when he was more intent on robbing banks than steal­ Fannie and Emily, and possibly another accused of setting the local schoolhouse ing horses. As mobsters and criminals son, Reuben.5 Marvin Kuhns was born in on fire. Despite his mother’s insistence such as John Dillinger arose, local authori­ 1867, and soon after the family moved that he was innocent, the blame fell on ties began turning to the Federal Bureau to a farm in Green Township, about six Kuhns.7 of Investigation to help capture them. By miles from Albion, in Noble County. When he was twelve, Kuhns left 1933 Indiana lawmakers had repealed all Little is known about Marvin’s early school to work on his family’s farm. Be­ laws that gave the horse thief detective childhood other than newspaper articles cause of differences with his father, he associations law enforcement powers.3 stating that he would sit and listen to was forced to leave the farm before his

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first harvest. He allegedly remarked to it was discovered that a friend of his mother’s that the world Kuhns had met up with owed him a living, vowing, according his brother, Joseph, with to newspaper reports, ‘“I am going to whom he broke into have it, come what may.”’ Over the next a post office and later several years, Marvin worked his way stole two more horses.11 from farm to farm, relying on friends After living at large for and petty thievery to get by. His older several weeks, Kuhns brother Joseph claimed that one night was finally apprehended in 1883, Kuhns was without clothes and in La Porte County, told him, “‘I’ll have some clothes tonight Indiana. When Sher­ if I have to steal them.’”8 Sometime iff Braden arrived to after this remark in fall 1883, Kuhns escort him back to Al­ broke into the general store at Wolf bion, Kuhns reportedly Lake, Noble County, Indiana, and helped showed much apprecia­ Kuhns’s boyhood home in Noble County, Indiana (from a news clipping held by the Noble County Historical Society) himself to a new suit of clothes and pair tion for being taken back of shoes. This led to Kuhns’s first seri­ to jail, as he had been ous charge of felony burglary. He pled having a rough time finding food and from his friends and neighbors in Noble guilty and was sentenced to five years at shelter on his own.12 County, Governor Isaac P. Gray granted the reform school in Plainfield, Indiana. After being returned to jail, Kuhns him parole in 1886 after serving just However, he was past the age of admis­ once again schemed to escape, this two years of his sentence.16 Good behav­ sion, and he was taken to the Noble time with his cellmate, Howell. The ior and abstaining from alcohol were the County Jail.9 two inmates acquired files, which they conditions for his release to his father’s An unfortunate consequence of a used to saw through the bars of their farm. Unable to resist mischief and crowded jail led young Kuhns, now cell window on the night of May 22, notoriety, Kuhns was arrested for grand about sixteen years old, to be housed in 1884.13 They eluded authorities for a larceny, and his parole was revoked.17 a cell with Jack/John Howell, a notorious week or two but were discovered in Finding himself back in the Noble horse thief who had been implicated in Carroll County, Indiana, in possession of County Jail, this time under Sheriff more than one hundred thefts. Sheriff three stolen horses and a stolen buggy. George McLean, Kuhns made the papers Samuel Braden reportedly sat outside Sheriff Braden was again called to escort once again for breaking out of jail in their cell and listened as Howell told Kuhns back to the Noble County Jail.14 August 1889. While the sheriff and his Kuhns the various tricks and devices His trial was held the next week, and wife were carrying water into the cell used by professional horse thieves. he was convicted of several counts of block, Kuhns assaulted the sheriff, and Braden commented to Howell’s attor­ horse theft and sentenced to five years along with two other inmates, escaped, ney, Robert P. Barr, “‘It is a pity that the in the state penitentiary in Michigan stole a horse and buggy, and rode off Noble county jail is so crowded that a City, Indiana. He was also fined $10 and into the night.18 young stripling of a boy like Kuhns must disenfranchised for ten years.15 Kuhns’s whereabouts and move­ be confined in a cell with such a desper­ Kuhns seemed to be turning over ments immediately after this escape ate character as Howell.’” Both men a new leaf while in prison, where he are unclear; sightings of the outlaw worried at the influence Howell might became a trustee and worked in the were reported in at least two northern have over Kuhns.10 furniture factory. People in the area who Indiana newspapers.19 Several months In March 1884 Kuhns escaped from had been following his escapades in the went by before he again made headlines the Noble County Jail by sneaking out newspaper generally believed Kuhns during the winter of 1890–1891 when through the kitchen while Braden made was simply a misguided youth who had some newspapers began referring to his rounds. He stole one of the sheriff’s been corrupted by his father’s harsh him as the “Noble County Desperado.” best horses and fled. The horse was treatment and negatively influenced This time it was not for stealing horses found near the Kuhns’ family farm, and by Howell while in jail. With support but for murder. On November 19, 1890,

26 THG: CONNECTIONS NORTHERN INDIANA

The Old Jail Museum in Albion, Noble County, Indiana, home of the Noble County Historical Society. Marvin Kuhns spent part of his youth in this jail and escaped from it multiple times. an associate of Kuhns’s, a fellow horse came to his defense, releasing the fol­ Another newspaper reported later trader named William L. Campau, was lowing statement after Kuhns’s suspi­ that Kuhns escaped because he thought murdered in Fostoria, Ohio. Kuhns cious escape from Ohio authorities: the police were going to arrest him for horse theft, not because he was guilty of identified the body and admitted that It is thought here that Marve Kuhns Campau’s murder.23 he had been traveling with Campau and is getting credit for doing a great Even with the support of his friends that they had been business partners. deal more than he deserves. But few and family, Kuhns was considered the However, he denied having anything believe that he murdered the man main suspect in the ongoing murder to do with Campau’s death. During his Campau at Fostoria, or would murder investigation. Meanwhile, in Decem­ questioning, Kuhns escaped police while unless it came to a case of life or 20 ber 1890, Kuhns was recognized while answering “a call of nature.” death with him. As is usual, men of his passing through Fort Wayne, Indiana, Many people were quick to decide stripe are painted in the worst colors, on the way back to his father’s farm. A Kuhns was guilty. A Middlebury, Indiana, and accused of almost everything group of police officers followed his trail newspaper stated, “There is no doubt in the criminal calendar. Marve had and came upon him on the road near at all but that Kuhns accompanied the best of reasons for escaping from Churubusco, Indiana, where shots were Campau to Fostoria and cruelly mur­ the Ohio officers besides the one fired on both sides. Kuhns was shot four dered him for the money he was known concerning his partner.22 to have.”21 A newspaper closer to home times; and he shot Officer John Kennelly,

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“Nothing would afford me greater pleasure than to see Marvin Kuhns a free man.”

one of the officers pursuing him. Kuhns one of the companies. He marches guards were alerted and a search of the escaped to a nearby farmhouse, where at the head of his company with all grounds and surrounding areas ensued, he was tracked by the sheriff and taken the dignity of a soldier, instead of but Kuhns was gone.36 After a few weeks to the Allen County Jail in Fort Wayne.24 indicating any inclination to hang without a trace, he was discovered With the injuries Kuhns sustained during his head and skulk past the gang of on his brother Joseph’s farm in Noble the , it was thought he would spectators. His head is thrown back, County. He was making no attempt to not survive. Surprisingly, his condition his carriage is graceful, his striped hide himself from the public, as the improved and stabilized, baffling his clothes are neatly brushed, his heavy authorities in Ohio and Indiana did not physicians.25 prison shoes are polished and his seem to be in any hurry to apprehend After significantly recovering from cap of black and white is worn with him. A reward of only $50 had been set his wounds, Kuhns was turned over to the jaunty air of the fearless, daring for his capture.37 Ohio authorities early in 1891 to be tried bandit that he is. The class of women Although he had made resolutions in for Campau’s murder.26 His trial started who find pleasure in visiting the peni- prison to give up his vices, Kuhns had re­ on June 22, 1891, and lasted two weeks. tentiary and indulging in sentimental portedly returned to his old haunts and His defense attorneys implored the jury talk over the convicts, invariably find was again engaged in the horse trad­ for an acquittal, arguing that all the an object of admiration in Marvin ing business.38 He and two other men evidence introduced against Kuhns was Kuhns.30 stole a team of horses from a town near circumstantial. However, the jury found Also true to his style, Kuhns was Logansport, Indiana, and a group of men Kuhns guilty of first degree murder, and plotting his escape from the Ohio tracked the thieves to a tavern in War­ he was sentenced to life in the Ohio State Penitentiary.31 A fifty foot tunnel ren County, Indiana, unaware that they 27 State Penitentiary. was discovered under the prison, and were tracking the infamous escaped Kuhns did not serve out his sen­ a newspaper article stated that Kuhns convict. During the ensuing scuffle, tence in Ohio quietly, as his name still was strongly suspected of creating it.32 Kuhns was shot several times. He was appeared in area newspapers quite Meanwhile, a childhood friend named turned over to the police and taken to frequently. Varying public opinion Kate Hagan began visiting Kuhns in jail where his wounds were treated. On was reflected in the tone of the news­ prison. Convinced of his innocence, she, January 19, 1901, about two months papers—some referred to him as “Mar­ along with other friends of his, began after his escape, Kuhns was returned to 39 vin, the murderer,” while others hailed circulating a petition of pardon on his the Ohio State Penitentiary. him as “Marvin Kuhns, the celebrated behalf.33 Kuhns was quoted as saying he Because of the weakened state 28 outlaw.” It was reported that Kuhns was innocent of the murder of William caused by his latest injuries, Kuhns was was doing well as a chair manufacturer Campau and believed the pardon would given a less strenuous job working in the 29 and a mechanic at the prison. He was be granted and he would be released, stamp mill at the prison. He went about also given the duty of leading the other promising to try to make an honest liv­ his work earnestly, finally realizing that it inmates in marches, drawing attention ing as a free man.34 was only through good behavior that he to himself as was his style: In July 1900, the Board of Pardons of would gain his freedom. Once again, his He is six feet in height, as straight as Ohio denied Kuhns’s petition.35 Unwill­ friend Kate Hagan circulated petitions of an arrow, powerfully muscled and ing to languish in prison while another pardon on his behalf. Kuhns’s supporters as agile as a professional athlete. round of petitions was circulated, Kuhns who believed he was wrongfully con­ When the prisoners are marched to escaped on Thanksgiving evening the victed of Campau’s murder wrote letters and from their meals or their work same year. He went into the basement to the Ohio Board of Pardons, including through the spacious yard within the to repair a broken water pipe and es­ the attorney who prosecuted him in the walls, it is Kuhn’s [sic] duty to lead caped through the coal hole. The prison murder trial and Officer Kennelly, who

28 THG: CONNECTIONS NORTHERN INDIANA

After his release, Kuhns moved to Ken­ Acknowledgements dallville, Noble County, Indiana, where The author would like to thank Vice he married Kate Hagan, his biggest President Bill Landon and Secretary Sarah Knopp of the Noble County Historical supporter throughout his imprisonment Society for providing reference materials in Ohio. For a while it seemed he had and photographs for this article. Their put his past behind him and intended assistance was indispensible and greatly to live an honest life, but temptation appreciated. In 1968 the Noble County always seemed to get the best of him. Historical Society purchased the Noble Kuhns had one last adventure in June County Jail, where Kuhns spent part of his youth, and converted it into a museum, 1907 when he stole a horse and buggy which also serves as headquarters for the and drove it to a nearby farm owned society. The Old Jail Museum is home to by Arthur Smith. There he exchanged hundreds of artifacts from the county’s the stolen horse and buggy for a horse early history, including books, war memo- and buggy of Smith’s. The next morning, rabilia, and antique items. Visitors can tour Smith discovered the theft and tracked the museum and explore an original 1876 jail cell, which is similar to the cell Kuhns Kuhns to Van Wert, Ohio, where he en­ lived in and escaped from. The museum listed the help of the town sheriff and a Kuhns on his death bed after being shot in is located at 215 West Main Street, Albion, Van Wert, Ohio (from a news clipping held group of local farmers. A chase and gun Indiana; visiting hours vary seasonally. For by the Noble County Historical Society) fight followed, during which Kuhns was more information, call (260) 636-3939 shot several times and apprehended. or visit http://www.rootsweb.ancestry. com/~innchs/index.html.44 was shot and seriously injured by Kuhns. He was taken to the Van Wert City Jail, 41 Kennelly had this to say on Marvin’s where he died from internal bleeding. Notes behalf: Kate (Hagan) Kuhns was notified and travelled to Van Wert to transport her All newspapers articles cited below may It is my candid opinion that the affray husband’s body back to Noble County. be found on NewspaperArchive.com. at Churubusco was a great factor in Kuhns was buried on June 5, 1907, at 1. “A Terror to Thieves! A Sketch of the making up his conviction. While I was Wolf Lake Cemetery near his mother.42 Early History of the Horse-Thief Detec­ severely wounded I have never had After his death, the Fort Wayne tive Associations of Indiana,” Mentone anything but the most kindly feeling Journal–Gazette printed a ten-part series Tri-County Gazette (Mentone, IN), Sept. toward Mr. Kuhns. I am not person- called “Life of Marvin Kuhns” in which 21, 1899. 2. Erik C. Wade, “Constituting Whiteness: ally acquainted with him, but my details not generally known by the pub­ knowledge of Marvin Kuhns and his The National Horse Thief Detective lic were given about his life and crimes. Association and Racial Mores in Indiana, life history leads me to believe that The purpose of this piece was to give a 1850–1930” (PhD diss., Purdue Univer­ he has been persecuted, as well as full, unbiased account of Marvin Kuhns, sity, 2011), ProQuest (UMI 3481163), prosecuted. As to the crime for which the man—not Marvin Kuhns, the bandit. 21–22. he was convicted I have no personal The author of the article and the pub­ 3. Ibid., 249, 260. knowledge, but it appears to be the lishers of the newspaper were accused 4. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: The Last Fight of prevailing opinion among those who of “questionable and even contemptible Marvin Kuhns,” Fort Wayne Journal– Gazette (Fort Wayne, IN), July 10, 1907. are familiar with the facts of the case journalism” as it was thought the article 5. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: Life of Kuhns— that Kuhns is innocent of the crime glorified Kuhns’s career and encouraged charged. I know the citizens of this Chapter 1,” Fort Wayne Journal–Gazette, young readers to follow in his footsteps. June 24, 1907; 1880 U.S. census for city are anxious to see him released, The author and publishers responded Noble County, Indiana, accessed via and I assure you that nothing would to this charge, stating that the life of Ancestry.com. The 1880 census lists a afford me greater pleasure than to Marvin Kuhns should be told for its Reuben who was born in 1867. However, 40 see Marvin Kuhns a free man. historical significance to the region and Marvin is not listed as a member of the On December 25, 1905, Ohio Gov­ as an important moral for young readers household at this time. Since this is also Marvin’s birth year, it is possible that ernor Myron T. Herrick pardoned Kuhns. about a life wasted on crime.43 the census taker mistakenly recorded

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“Reuben” instead of “Marvin”; it is also Aug. 6, 1890; “Daily News,” Elkhart 33. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: A Woman’s Love possible that the family was obscuring Weekly Truth (Elkhart, IN), Nov. 13, Gave Him a Pardon,” Fort Wayne Journal– Marvin’s whereabouts by giving the 1890. Gazette, July 11, 1907. name of Reuben rather than Marvin. No 20. “The Fostoria Murder Mystery,” Steuben- 34. “Daily News,” Goshen Daily Democrat other records for Reuben Kuhns with ville Weekly Herald (Steubenville, OH), (Goshen, IN), Mar. 26, 1898. this family have been found nor do any Nov. 28, 1890. 35. “Daily News,” Milford Mail (Milford, IN), newspaper articles about Marvin Kuhns 21. “Marv Kuhns a Murderer,” Middlebury July 26, 1900. mention a brother named Reuben. Independent (Middlebury, IN), Dec. 4, 36. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: A Woman’s Love 6. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: Life of Kuhns— 1890. Gave Him a Pardon,” Fort Wayne Journal– Chapter 1,” Fort Wayne Journal–Gazette, 22. “Daily News,” Kendallville Daily Sun Gazette, July 11, 1907. June 24, 1907. (Kendallville, IN), Nov. 29, 1890. 37. “Marvin Kuhns at Home,” Fort Wayne 7. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: Burned School- 23. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: Was it Kuhns who Journal–Gazette, Dec. 9, 1900; “Life of House Story,” Fort Wayne Journal– Murdered Campau?” Fort Wayne Journal– Marvin Kuhns: Coroner Lepper’s Story,” Gazette, June 25, 1907. Gazette, July 9, 1907. Fort Wayne Journal–Gazette, July 2, 1907. 8. Ibid. 24. “Kuhns Dying,” Lima Daily News (Lima, 38. “May be Kuhns,” Goshen Mid-Week 9. “An Exciting Kuhn Hunt,” Albion New Era OH), Dec. 8, 1890. Times (Goshen, IN), Dec. 11, 1900. (Albion, IN), March 20, 1884. 25. “Daily News,” Goshen Daily News, Dec. 9, 39. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: A Woman’s Love 10. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: Kuhns Escapes 1890. Gave Him a Pardon,” Fort Wayne Journal– from Jail,” Fort Wayne Journal–Gazette, 26. “Daily News,” Goshen Times, Jan. 8, 1891. Gazette, July 11, 1907. June 27, 1907. 27. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: Kuhns Is Given a 40. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: Was it Kuhns who 11. “An Exciting Kuhn Hunt,” Albion New Era, Life Sentence,” Fort Wayne Journal– Murdered Campau?” Fort Wayne Journal– March 20, 1884. Gazette, July 2, 1907. Gazette, July 9, 1907. 12. “The Lost is Found,” Albion New Era, 28. “Kuhns Dying,” Lima Daily News, Dec. 8, 41. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: The Last Fight of May 1, 1884. 1890; “Marvin Kuhns: The Noted Ban­ Marvin Kuhns,” Fort Wayne Journal– 13. “Broke Jail and Escaped,” Albion New Era, dit’s Habits in the Ohio Penitentiary,” Gazette, July 10, 1907. May 29, 1884. Fort Wayne Sentinel (Fort Wayne, IN), 42. Ibid. 14. “Captured and Caged,” Albion New Era, Mar. 6, 1896. 43. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: Publishers Make June 5, 1884. 29. “Daily News,” Decatur Democrat (De­ Introductory Statement,” Fort Wayne 15. “Finis Coronat Opus,” Albion New Era, catur, IN), July 31, 1891; “Life of Marvin Journal–Gazette, June 24, 1907. June 19, 1884. Kuhns: Kuhns’ Prison Life,” Fort Wayne 44. “Old Jail Museum of Noble County,” 16. “Life of Marvin Kuhns: Kuhns Escapes Journal–Gazette, July 11, 1907. Noble County Historical Society, Inc., of from Jail,” Fort Wayne Journal–Gazette, 30. “Marvin Kuhns: The Noted Bandit’s Hab­ Indiana, http://www.rootsweb.ancestry. June 27, 1907. its in the Ohio Penitentiary,” Fort Wayne com/~innchs/old-jail/old-jail-museum- 17. “Daily News,” Goshen Daily News (Go­ Sentinel, Mar. 6, 1896. of-noble-county-historical-society.html. shen, IN), Feb. 9, 1887. 31. “Daily News,” Goshen Daily News, 18. “Jail Delivery at Albion,” Goshen Times Apr. 18, 1892. Christina R. Bunting is a former contract (Goshen, IN), Aug. 1, 1889. 32. “Marvin’s Industry,” Noble County editor for the Indiana Historical Society Press. She received a Bachelor of Arts in 19. “Marvin Kuhns. He Is with Us Again,” Democrat (Albion, IN), Mar. 2, 1892. English from Indiana University, India- Noble County Democrat (Albion, IN), napolis, in 2010, and currently works in property management.

30 THG: CONNECTIONS CENTRAL INDIANA Court Papers Abstracts of Legal Documents for Fayette, Johnson, Madison, and Shelby Counties in the Barnes Manuscripts Collection, 1854–1917

WENDY L. ADAMS AND CHRISTINA R. BUNTING

The Barnes Manuscripts Collection in the William Henry Warranty Deed. Milton C. Tilford of Johnson County, Indiana, Smith Memorial Library comes from the Detroit Public Library, conveyed and warranted to Samuel Cutsinger of Shelby County, which donated the material to the IHS because of its Indiana Indiana, 70 acres in Johnson County for $5,000. The land is de­ focus. The collection contains general correspondence for sev- scribed as part of the southwest quarter of section 27 and part eral nineteenth-century Hoosiers: Charles J. Finney, Frank Morris, of the northwest quarter of section 34 in township 11 of range 5 Carrie Thomas, and Senator and Judge D. D. Dykeman, as well as east. It is bounded by the southeast corner of the brick ware­ house of the Blue River Starch Works to the southeast, John A. legal correspondence for several state legal firms. It also incor- Thompson’s east property line on the west, and is within 20 porates legal forms for fifty-four Indiana counties, dated from feet of the center of the J. M. & Q. Railroad to the east. Wit­ 1833 to 1925, including warranty deeds, mortgages, bonds, title nessed by Harvey Lewis, notary public, Johnson County, on abstracts, memorandums of agreement, estate inventories, and September 19, 1874. Entered for taxation by E. Newt. Woollen, 1 court proceedings. All Fayette, Johnson, Madison, and Shelby auditor, Johnson County. Paid by J. M. Thompson. Received and County legal forms were abstracted for this article. They appear recorded in Deed Record 6, page 533, by Jacob Peggs, recorder, below in chronological order by county. Johnson County, on October 7, 1874.

Fayette County Legal Documents Warranty Deed. Milton C. Tilford of Johnson County, Indiana, conveyed and warranted to Henry W. Scholler of Johnson Mortgage. Jesse and Julia Githens, Fayette County, Indi­ County, Indiana, 70 acres in Johnson County for $5,000. The ana, mortgaged and warranted to Charles Robinson, Wayne land is located in part of the southwest quarter of section County, Indiana, land in Fayette County for $1,000.00. The 27 and part of section 34 in township 11 of range 5 east. It is land is described as the east half of the southwest quarter of bounded by within 20 feet of the center of the J. M. & Q. Rail­ section 1 in township 15 of range 11. Witnessed by William B. road to the east, the southeast corner of the brick warehouse Reed, justice of the peace, Wayne County, Indiana, on March 9, of the Blue River Starch Works to the southeast, and John A. 1867. Received and recorded in Deed Record D, page 445, by D. Thompson’s east property line on the west. Witnessed by Har­ Mench, recorder, Fayette County, on April 22, 1867. The mort­ vey Lewis, notary public, Johnson County, on September 19, gage note, dated January 1, 1867, was due twelve months later 1874. Entered for taxation by E. Newt. Woollen, auditor, John­ with an interest rate of 10 percent. Payment of $1,000.00 son County. Paid by J. M. Thompson. Received and recorded recorded by J. W. R. Milliner on April [---], 1878. Final payment in Deed Record 6, page 535, by Jacob Peggs, recorder, Johnson of $1,083.20 made on July 8, 1879. County, on October 7, 1874.

Johnson County Legal Documents Warranty Deed. Adolph and Estella L. Dalmbert, John M. and Elizabeth Sergeant, and Charles O. and Sarah L. Lehman Warranty Deed. Charles C. Hamilton of Franklin, Johnson of Johnson County, Indiana, conveyed and warranted to S. County, Indiana, conveyed and warranted to David D. Dyke­ Cutsinger and Company of Johnson County, Indiana, 2 and man of Cass County, Indiana, a frame building on the front 58/100 acres in Johnson County for $2,000. The land is of Lot 85, Logansport, Cass County, for $160. The building located in part of the west half of the northwest quarter of is described as fronting on Broadway Street and is the same section 34 in township 11 north of range 5 east, beginning at property occupied by Cummings[?] and Crissy[?]. The property a point 614 feet north of the southeast corner of Lot 25 in had passed from Shockeman[?] to Baker to Ritter then Hamil­ Hunts Addition to the Town of Edinburg. Witnessed by ton. Signed by Charles C. Hamilton on November 11, 1867. William A. Johnson, notary public, Johnson County, on

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32 THG: CONNECTIONS CENTRAL INDIANA

Samuel Cutsinger was a prominent Indiana farmer and business- William B. Jennings worked as a clerk in the Johnson County man. He owned 1,800 acres of land and started a successful starch auditor’s office and in the Marion County auditor’s office before manufacturing business in 1869 with three partners, whose shares he being elected auditor for Johnson County in 1878. He served in later purchased. Several of Cutsinger’s land transactions are shown in that position or as Johnson County treasurer from 1879 through the warranty deed documents for Johnson County. Pictured opposite 1912, at which time he retired from public office to farm full time. is an 1886 and 1892 compiled Sanborn map of the Blue River Starch (Illustration from An Atlas of Early Maps of the American Midwest Works in Edinburgh, Indiana, owned by Cutsinger. (Illustrations from [1983]; Information about Jennings from Elba L. Branigin, History of An Atlas of Early Maps of the American Midwest [Springfield, IL: Johnson County, Indiana [Indianapolis: B. F. Bowen and Co., 1913], Illinois State Museum, 1983]; Information about Cutsinger from Atlas 688–90) of Shelby Co., Indiana (Chicago: J. H. Beers and Co., 1880), 72)

April 6, 1876. Entered for taxation by W. C. Bice, auditor, John­ as recorded in Deed Record 14, pages 557–58, in Johnson son County. Received and recorded in Deed Record 13, page County. Witnessed by William A. Johnson, notary public, John­ 66, by G. W. Demaree, recorder, Johnson County, on April 11, son County, on November 3, 1881. Transferred by Wm. B. 1876. Jennings, auditor, Johnson County. Received and recorded in Deed Record 17, pages 89–91, by J. R. Clemmer[?], recorder, Warranty Deed [partial document?]. Thomas and Nancy Johnson County, on November 4, 1881. White of Johnson County, Indiana, conveyed and warranted to Samuel Cutsinger of Shelby County, Indiana, 6 and 4/100 Guardian’s Deed. Jennie Thompson, guardian of Lewis acres in Johnson County. The land is located in part of the Thompson, John A. Thompson, and Mary Thompson, minor southeast quarter of section 14 and part of the southwest heirs of James [I./S?] Thompson, deceased; Martin Cutsinger, quarter of section 13, both in township 12 of range 4 east, and guardian of Cornelia Thompson, only child and minor heir of also part of the west half of the southwest quarter of section James S. Thompson, deceased; and Adam Mutz, guardian of 13 in township 12 of range 4 east. Previously sold to Thomas Lucy Thompson, widow of James S. Thompson, by order of White and others by Leland Payne, trustee, on March 1, 1880, the Johnson County, Indiana, Circuit Court during the

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February Term 1890, conveyed and warranted to the National Starch Manufacturing Company, established in Kentucky, for $1, four pieces of real estate located in Edinburgh, Johnson County, Indi­ ana, described as follows: • 2 acres and 21 square rods on the north line of a tract of land sold by Hicks and Hamilton to John McCullough, connecting to Lots 28, 30, and 32 in Addition 10 as laid off by Hicks and Hamilton to the town of Franklin, on the south line of the land formerly owned by G. C. Bergen. • 83/100 acre erroneously described in a deed dated November 6, 1869, in which David G. Vawter and wife sold to Leland Payne, a trustee, 83/100 acre located in the west half of the southwest quarter of section 13 in township 12 of range 4 east and beginning at the northeast corner of the land deeded by John T. and Emily Forsyth to the Johnson County Agricultural Society on February 7, 1854. • 2 and 58/100 acres in the southeast quarter of section 14 in township 12 of range 4 east, north of the southeast corner of Lot 25 in Hunts Addi­ tion to the town of Edinburgh, Johnson County, Indiana. • 8 acres beginning at the northwest corner of the previous tract and twenty feet from the center of the Jeffersonville, Madison, and Indianapolis Railroad track.

The sale included any future interest the minors might have in the starch works buildings, machin­ ery, fixtures, patents, trademarks, and good will of the firm of S. Cutsinger & Company, which was The two plat maps depicted here show how two pieces of land were divided between the heirs of James Anderson. The top map is for land in Hancock County all located on the real estate being sold. Signed and refers to the first five items on the Shelby County commissioners report list. by Jennie Thompson, Martin Cutsinger, and Adam The bottom map is for land in Tipton County and refers to items 6 through 8 on Mutz. Witnessed by David FitzGibbon, clerk of the list. (Shelby County, box 4, folder 12, Barnes Manuscripts, 1833–1925, M 0011, the circuit court, Johnson County, Indiana. Exam­ Indiana Historical Society) ined and approved in open court by K. M. St[---], judge. Filed by David FitzGibbon, clerk, on February 28, 1890. Entered for taxation by [---] Perry, auditor, Johnson County. the northwest quarter and the west half of the southwest Received and recorded in Record 23, page 539, by William H. quarter west of White River of section 5 in township 19 north Burnett, recorder, Johnson County, on April 21, 1890. of range 7 east. Received and recorded in Record Book 7, page 434, by James Mohan, recorder, Madison County, on March 11, Madison County Legal Documents 1869. Two notes of $825 each, dated March 20, 1869, covered the unpaid balance of the purchase money and were due Mortgage. Peter Epperly, Madison County, Indiana, mort­ March 1, 1870 and 1871, bearing 8 percent interest per year. gaged and warranted to Joel White, Madison County, 110 acres Witnessed by S. C. Martindale, notary public, Madison County, in Madison County. The land is described as the west half of on March 30, 1869.

34 THG: CONNECTIONS CENTRAL INDIANA

Jeremiah Dugan, Benjamin F. Nugent, and Joseph V. Shipp, commissioners appointed by the court, were charged with partitioning the real estate of James Anderson, deceased.

Warranty Deed. Rynaldo P. Miller of Madison County, Indiana, on January 13, 1913. [Note: Written along side of document: conveyed and warranted to John F. Carver of Marion County, “Jno [F/P?] Carver” and “Meredith B. Rowntree, Crawfordsville, Indiana, Lot 18 in A. E. Harlan’s First Addition to the city of Ind.”] Alexandra, Indiana, for $1 and the exchange of other real estate. The sale was subject to a mortgage of $300 plus 6 per­ Warranty Deed. Catherine L. Carver, widow of John F. Carver, cent interest from date of sale and taxes and assessments for Montgomery County, Indiana, conveyed and warranted to 1908 and later. Miller was to pay all taxes for 1907. The lot was Berton P. Thomas, Madison County, Indiana, Lot 18 in A. E. originally deeded to Miller and his wife, Harriett, who died on Harlan’s First Addition to the town of Alexandria, Indiana, February 11, 1907. Witnessed by Horace Lukens, notary public, for $500. Witnessed by Daniel D. Pike, notary public, Marion Madison County, Indiana, on December 6, 1907. Entered County, Indiana, on June 14, 1916. Entered for taxation by for taxation by Jos. D. Kinnard[?], auditor, Madison County. Ethall T. Flahavier, auditor, Madison County. Received and re­ Received and recorded in Deed Record 178, page 585, by H. C. corded in Record Book 206, page 392, F. E. DeHority, recorder, Daugherty, recorder, Madison County, on December 20, 1907. Madison County, on June 23, 1916.

Release of Mortgage. On April 30, 1912, Minnie E. Holland Warranty Deed. Berton P. and Lola Thomas, Madison County, Hutchinson stated that a mortgage for $300 executed by Indiana, conveyed and warranted to Charles and Marguerite R[yna]ldo P. Miller to Hiram Brown and assigned to Minnie E. Henry, Madison County, Lot 18 in A. E. Harlan’s First Addition Holland was paid in full. The mortgage was recorded in Mort­ to the town of Alexandria, Indiana, for $1,500. The sale was gage Record Book 132, page 162, Madison County, Indiana, on subject to the tax assessments for 1916 and 1917. The Henrys August 3, 1907. The mortgage’s assignment was recorded in assumed the existing mortgage of $600 made with the Alex­ Mortgage Record Book 133, page 130, Madison County. Wit­ andria Bank, which left a purchase price of $900. Witnessed nessed by Charles Millar, notary public, York County, Ontario, by James A. May, notary public, Madison County, on March 19, Canada, on May 6, 1912. Received and recorded in Mortgage 1917. Entered for taxation by Ethall T. Flahavier, auditor, Madi­ Record Book 138, page 168, by D. R. Carlton, recorder, Madi­ son County. Received and recorded in Deed Book 210, page son County, on May 9, 1913. [Note: “M. B. Rowntree, Craw­ 149, by F. E. DeHority, recorder, Madison County, on April 12, fordsville, Ind.” written below “R. P. Miller” on cover.] 1917. [Note: “D. R. Jones” written along side of document.]

Warranty Deed. Walter F. and Marie Antoinette Carver, Real Estate Mortgage. Charles and Marguerite Henry, Madi­ Noble County, Indiana; Daisy Carver and George W. Lahr, son County, Indiana, mortgaged and warranted to Russell C. Marion County, Indiana; Margaret Carver and David Ernsberger, May, Madison County, Lot 18 in A. E. Harlan’s First Addition Belgaum, India; and Grace Carver and George M. Ransom, to the town of Alexandria, Indiana, for one promissory note Muskogee County, Oklahoma, all heirs of John F. Carver, con­ for $100. The note was due on February 15, 1918, with an veyed and warranted to Catherine L. Carver, Marion County, interest rate of 6 percent per year until maturity and a rate of Indiana, Lot 81 in Phillips Land & Gas Company’s First Addition 8 percent per year until paid, payable at the Alexandria Bank, and Lot 18 of A. E. Harlan’s First Addition, both to the town of Alexandria, Indiana. Witnessed by James A. May, notary public, Alexandria, Madison County, Indiana, for $1 on ​August 26, Madison County. Received and recorded in Record Book 153, 1912. Witnessed by Myrtle E. Spangler, notary public, Noble page 482, by F. E. DeHority, recorder, Madison County, on County, Indiana, on August 26, 1912; Walter Falwell, notary April 11, 1917. Paid in full on December 15, 1917. public, Muskogee County, Oklahoma, on September 3, 1912; Daniel D. Pike, notary public, Marion County, Indiana, on Shelby County Legal Documents for Hancock, September 12, 1912; and Anderain[?] Vavr[---]h, honorary Rush, Shelby, and Tipton Counties magistrate, Belgaum City, Belgaum District, British India, on Petition for Partition, Commissioners Report (see two November 14, 1912. Entered for taxation by Joel B. Benefiel, plat maps, page 34). On October 29, 1888, Kendall M. Hord, auditor, Madison County. Received and recorded in Deed Rec­ judge, circuit court, Shelby County, Indiana, heard the case of ord 194, page 427, by D. R. Carlton, recorder, Madison County,

Fllintera /w 2013 35 REGIONAL SOURCES AND STORIES

Mary A. Anderson, Minerva J. and Ira Shafer, William T. Ander­ 6. The commissioners set off and assigned to William T. son, James P. Anderson, John W. Anderson, Glennie D. Ander­ Anderson 40 and 10/100 acres in Tipton County, Indiana, son, Charles M. Anderson, Mary M. Shafer, Minnie K. Shafer, described as starting at the southwest corner of the south and Zula V. Shafer, minors represented by James M. Graham, half of the northeast quarter of section 5 in township 22 their guardian. Jeremiah Dugan, Benjamin F. Nugent, and north of range 6 east. Joseph V. Shipp, commissioners appointed by the court, were charged with partitioning the real estate of James Anderson, 7. The commissioners set off and assigned to James P. Ander­ deceased. They did so as follows: son 37 and 90/100 acres in Tipton County, described as 1. The commissioners set off and assigned to Mary A. Ander­ starting east of the northwest corner of the south half of son, widow, one-third part of all the land, described as: the northeast quarter of section 5 in township 22 north of (1) Lot 41 on South Street in Nancy and Owen Davis Addi­ range 6 east. tion to the town of Morristown, Shelby County, Indiana; 8. The commissioners granted to William T. Anderson a cart­ (2) Lot 85 (and one house) in John Clark’s and Henry way fifteen feet wide starting at the northwest corner of his Henley’s Addition to the town of Carthage, Rush County, land, running east on the north line of the land assigned to Indiana; (3) A lot of land containing 8 rods which starts at James P. Anderson to the east line of his land and also to the northwest corner of Lot 85 in John Clark’s and Henry the county line dividing Tipton and Grant Counties. Henley’s Addition and running parallel to Market Street; (4) 20 acres in Hancock County, Indiana, starting east of the Plat maps showed the division of land made by the commis­ southwest corner of the east half of the northeast quarter sioners. The commissioners presented the charges and ex­ of section 31 in township 15 north of range 8 east; and penses incurred. The report was certified by Thomas S. Jones, (5) 20 acres in Hancock County, starting at the southwest clerk of the circuit court, Shelby County, on June 24, 1889. corner of the west half of the northwest quarter of section Entered for taxation by Wm. J. Miner, auditor, Tipton County. 32 in township 15 north of range 8 east. Received and recorded in Partition Record 1, pages 557–59, by N. W. Cooper, recorder, Tipton County, on August 3, 1889. 2. The commissioners set off and assigned to Glennie D. Entered for taxation by James L. Mitchell, auditor, Hancock Anderson and Charles M. Anderson 30 acres in Hancock County. Received and recorded in Partition Record 2, page County, described as starting at the southwest corner of 506, by Henry Snow, recorder, Hancock County, Indiana, on the east half of the northeast quarter of section 31 in town­ November 5, 1889. Entered for taxation by J. K. [---], audi­ ship 15 north of range 8 east. tor, Rush County. Received and recorded in Partition Record 1, page 277, by Charles O. Nixon, recorder, Rush County, on 3. The commissioners set off and assigned to Mary M. Shafer, May 17, 1890. Minnie K. Shafer, and Zula V. Shafer 30 acres in Hancock County, described as starting east of the southwest corner Note of the east half of the northeast quarter of section 31 in 1. Barnes Manuscripts, 1833–1925, M 0011, Fayette County: box 3, folder 3 (formerly folder 30); Johnson County: box 3, folder 16 township 15 north of range 8 east. (formerly folder 45); Madison County: box 3, folder 23 (formerly 4. The commissioners set off and assigned to Minerva J. Shafer folder 51); Shelby County: box 4, folder 12 (formerly folder 69), Indiana Historical Society. Information for the introduction 30 acres in Hancock County, described as starting east of to this article was taken from the collection guide written by the southwest corner of the west half of the northwest Charles Latham, May 1985. quarter of section 32 in township 15 north of range 8 east. Wendy L. Adams received a master’s degree in history from Indi- 5. The commissioners set off and assigned to John W. Ander­ ana University, Indianapolis, in 2009. Currently, she is the project son 30 acres in Hancock County, described as starting east cataloger at Wheaton College’s Buswell Library in Wheaton, of the southwest corner of the west half of the northwest Illinois. quarter of section 32 in township 15 north of range 8 east.

36 THG: CONNECTIONS SOUTHERN INDIANA “‘Nerviest Businessman in Indiana’” The Story of Nineteenth-Century Entrepreneur and Philanthropist, W. C. DePauw

Ebethliza Flynn

Cornelius Franciscus DePauw might have been greatly surprised had he known that his great-grandson, Wash­ ington Charles DePauw, known as “W. C.,” would become a successful American businessman, financier, and educational philanthropist known throughout Indiana during his lifetime. He was especially well-known in his hometown of Salem in Washington County, Indiana, and in New Albany, Indiana, his adopted city. In his day and afterward people praised W. C. DePauw for his industriousness, ethics, and keen eye for business. An article from the Jeffersonville, Indiana, Reflector from 1905—more than eighteen years after DePauw’s death—compares him favorably to the most famous entre­ preneurs of the period, stating that he did everything for the betterment of society. “Unlike John D. Rockefeller and other[s] of his type,” the article states, “Mr. DePauw found pleasure in the suc­ cess of his fellow men.”1 Today DePauw is remembered mainly for the university that bears his name. DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, was first known as Indiana Asbury University, but when DePauw donated a substantial amount to save the floundering school, it was renamed in his honor. According to a 1941 article in a De­ Pauw alumni magazine, DePauw family history may go back hundreds of years to southwestern France. A city there Washington Charles DePauw (1822–1887) (Courtesy of DePauw University Archives and was laid out with stakes driven into the Special Collections) ground and named Pau, from the French

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word “pal” meaning pale or pointed John (1785–1838) was the first Amer­ opportunities for an extensive educa­ stake. The name “DePauw” means of or ican-born DePauw. A couple of years tion were few. A profile of DePauw from from Pau.2 after Rachel died, Charles married Peggy a Sullivan, Indiana, newspaper of 1871 Sometime prior to 1757 DePauw’s Randolph in 1808 in Lincoln County, states that he took full advantage of great-grandfather, Cornelius, moved to Kentucky.6 what education was offered. The Indiana Ghent in Belgium, fleeing persecution John DePauw married Elizabeth Ba­ paper describes DePauw as “industrious, for being a Protestant.3 He believed in tiste (1786–1878) in Kentucky in 1805.7 prompt, and a great student.”13 In 1838, what is now known as degeneration The two settled in Washington County, at the age of sixteen, DePauw lost his theory, which, according to Stanley Indiana Territory, in the late 1770s or father, John. Relying on his own resourc­ Elkins’s The Age of Federalism, was popu­ early 1800s when the area was still a es, he began his career right away doing lar in Europe in the 1760s among such wilderness and Native Americans still odd jobs that paid little or nothing.14 well known thinkers as François-Marie inhabited the area.8 DePauw got his first break from d’Arouet Voltaire and Georges-Louis John was well-respected in his com­ Major Eli W. Malott, a leading merchant Leclerc, Comte de Buffon. The theory munity. He served as a colonel and pos­ in Salem who saw potential in the was that the climate of the New World sibly as a general in the Ninth Regiment young man. Malott helped him secure was “so unfavorable that it worked a of the Indiana Territory Militia, orga­ a job in the office of the county clerk kind of massive degeneration upon nized during the War of 1812, and was when DePauw was nineteen. DePauw all forms of animal and human life. . . . one of the founding fathers of Salem, soon gained enough confidence to take Europeans, placed in those unfriendly Indiana. In 1813 Washington County almost complete control of the of­ zones, could only retrogress.”4 Cornelius was created and the spot for the county fice. At age twenty-one he was elected even wrote a book about Americans in seat was chosen at the forks of the Blue county clerk and auditor. An 1880 1768, Recherches philosophiques sur les River and Brock’s Creek. John suggested biography of DePauw reports that his Américains [Philosophical Research on calling the town Mount Vernon but this contemporaries described him as having Americans] in which he presented his was objectionable to a number of Ger­ an “extraordinary memory, quick but views. Ironically, Cornelius’s son Charles mans who were among the first settlers accurate judgment, and clear mental would become an American patriot and there.9 faculties.” He was also known as “true fight alongside Marie Joseph Paul Yves As the county agent John was as­ and faithful.” The combination of intel­ Roche Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de signed the task of surveying and platting ligence and loyalty gained him friends Lafayette in the American Revolution. the acreage. He advertised the lots and and influence. DePauw soon changed Charles Leivin DePauw (1757–1814) sold the first group on May 27, 1814. his focus from politics to business. His was born in Ghent in the Flanders John was awarded the contract for first savings were put into saw and grist region of Belgium. He became so building the county courthouse a couple mills, adding woolen and cotton mills as inspired by America and its revolution­ of months later, having submitted the each became successful.15 ary principles that he eventually risked lowest bid of $2,490.10 DePauw began his business career his life for both. Charles joined Lafay­ John was an attorney, who enjoyed on the heels of several financial crises ette’s expedition as a young adult and a long career in politics. He served as in Salem that had placed the town and came to America ready to fight in the a member of the 1816 Constitutional its people in various stages of fiscal Revolution. According to The Belgians of Convention and was elected to the In­ ruin. Around 1830 some of the leading Indiana Charles was Lafayette’s aide-de- diana State Senate five times and to the businessmen in town started a manu­ camp. He likely fought with Lafayette House twice.11 He was also a business­ facturing and trading company. Goods at the Battle of Brandywine and was at man. John owned a general store and were purchased and a flour mill was the siege of York and may have been built a saw and gristmill on the Mus­ built and flour and feed were sold to wounded at one of these battles.5 catatuck River in 1819 that operated for the southern states. The enterprise was At war’s end, Charles decided to more than thirty years.12 successful at first but then began to fail; remain in the new United States. In John and Elizabeth’s first son, Wash­ the stockholders lost everything. At the 1781 he married Rachel Young (1764–ca. ington Charles DePauw, was born in same time the Salem Savings Bank prac­ 1806) in Virginia and finally settled in Salem on January 4, 1822. DePauw grew ticed wildcat banking, a phenomenon Lincoln County, Kentucky. Their son up in the early days of statehood when occurring throughout the country at this

38 THG: CONNECTIONS W. C. DePauw is listed as the president of the Star Glass Company in this 1875 New Albany directory. (Edmondson’s New Albany Directory [Cincinnati: Edmondson Bros., 1875/76])

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DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, from Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, August 21, 1886. time. Wildcat banks were often set up in 1852. Free banking laws were instituted in Louisville, the First National Bank of remote areas such as Salem. Although throughout the United States and were Indianapolis, and the Bank of Commerce they were under no federal oversight, meant to encourage more banking and of Indianapolis.17 these banks could issue currency. Often to provide communities with more In 1850 DePauw built Salem’s first this resulted in corrupt banking prac­ stable institutions. However, many of brick office building as well as the tices; a bank would issue bank notes these banks failed—between 1852 and Salem depot for the New Albany–Salem without any intention to redeem them. 1854, 80 percent of Indiana’s free banks Railroad, the first rail line in the area. If the bank had no money, it would issue failed—due in part to wildcat banking. He bought stock in the rail line and scrip to meet a check. Basically an “I Unlike many banks in the country that was soon its biggest stockholder. As owe you” note, scrip was eventually ren­ had been formed under laws such as president of one iron firm and majority dered worthless and all those holding it the free banking law, the Bank of Salem stockholder in another—both doing well lost their money. The failure of Salem operated successfully for several years in the railroad industry—he was doubly Savings Bank bankrupted a lot of the before it was moved to New Albany, rewarded. The railroad was instrumental town’s citizens.16 Indiana, where DePauw resided later in the prosperity of New Albany. Indiana The entrepreneurial skill and honesty in life. DePauw became one of the produce was shipped to New Albany’s of someone such as W. C. DePauw was leading bankers of the state. He owned Ohio River docks via rail, where it was much needed in Salem during those more than half the stock in two other then sold and sent downriver. The hard times. In 1853 the Bank of Salem New Albany banks, more than a third railroad was also good for the milling was established, with DePauw at its of the stock in another bank, and large business. The owner of several mills, head, under the free banking law of amounts in the Second National Bank DePauw saw huge profits as his grain

40 THG: CONNECTIONS SOUTHERN INDIANA

died after only eight years of marriage. making him the richest man in Indiana. Four years later the widower married In 1867 the New Albany Daily Ledger nineteen-year-old Catherine Newland indicated that DePauw’s income was (1836–1864). Tragedy struck again $84,629, which made him one of the when one of Catherine and DePauw’s state’s “heaviest income taxpayers.”23 three sons was accidentally killed while Depauw’s portfolio continued to cleaning a pistol. When Catherine died grow after the war. An astounding six in 1864, DePauw gathered his surviving hundred new buildings were erected children and moved to New Albany. Per­ in New Albany during the summer of haps he moved to escape sad memories, 1867. According to the New Albany Daily but his business interests also pulled Ledger, DePauw was a major contributor him to New Albany. He was described to the city’s growth. One of the build­ as “one of New Albany’s large property ings completed that year was DePauw owners.”19 He would marry again there Hall, considered the finest opera house for the last time to Frances M. Leyden in the state.24 (1841–1913). Their daughter Florence It seemed every endeavor DePauw reached adulthood, but another daugh­ undertook succeeded. He was adept at ter Jenny died at age thirteen and twin turning around failing businesses. River daughters died in infancy.20 towns began to decline in prosperity In addition to his many business in­ in the mid- to late-nineteenth century terests, DePauw was deeply involved in because of the growth of manufacturing the Methodist church and quite interest­ in Indianapolis and northern Indiana, but ed in education. His family had a regular DePauw kept his businesses afloat and pew in New Albany’s Methodist Epis­ prospering while continuing to add to copal Centenary Church. DePauw often his holdings. One of his biggest coups helped at revivals, and he was elected to was American Plate Glass Works in New be a trustee of Indiana Asbury Uni­ Albany, which combined two separate was efficiently shipped south. He was versity in Greencastle. He served two companies, Star Glass Works and New soon one of Indiana’s biggest grain deal­ three-year terms before quitting due to Albany Glass Works, which he took over ers, while New Albany became one of a disagreement about how the trustees after the Civil War. Glass companies the state’s major centers of warehousing handled the university’s finances. De­ were well-suited to the river towns of and marketing. DePauw continued living Pauw also served on the boards of other southern Indiana because of their sandy and working in Salem, but his interests schools, including Indiana University. In soil. DePauw employed hundreds of began to turn to the river city for new addition, he bought an old church in men, including skilled glass workers he investment opportunities.18 By 1854 1865 and began a Methodist Sunday recruited from Belgium. Eventually, his thirty-two-year-old W. C. DePauw was school for neighborhood children. It was plant covered thirty acres along New a wealthy man. so successful that it became one of the Albany’s waterfront. He then expanded In his personal life DePauw was biggest in the state.21 across the river into Louisville and, by not always as fortunate. While he During the Civil War DePauw con­ 1890, 90 percent of plate glass used in was county clerk in 1824, twenty-six- tinued adding to his fortune. A patriot the United States was manufactured do­ year-old DePauw married Sarah Ellen first, he invested in government bonds mestically, two-thirds of it provided by Malott (1824–1851), the daughter of and securities, demonstrating faith and DePauw’s American Plate Glass Works. his benefactor, Major Eli Malott. The confidence in the Union troops. He also When DePauw started the company couple had two children, a son and a supplied the troops with stores of provi­ only 6 percent was made stateside; the daughter named Ella. Sadly their son sions from his grain industry. These two majority of plate glass in the United was scalded to death at age three. A few acts netted him a small fortune.22 His States was purchased from Europe.25 years later on December 26, 1851, Sarah income for 1864 was around $300,000,

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While thoroughly engaged in the DePauw was so business world, DePauw was also very determined to make interested in the education of his children. the university that His oldest sons, Newland and Charles, bore his name a suc­ were enrolled in a school started by their cess that for awhile father called Eikosi Academy, eikosi being it seemed “DePauw Greek for twenty. He hired well-known was running the educator William W. May to open this school.” Indeed he preparatory school in New Albany for his put himself on all the sons’ benefit but also to include up to trustee committees. twenty students total.26 If the masonry on a DePauw was also engaged in higher building did not pass education. Although he had resigned his muster, he had it a trustee position at Indiana Asbury torn down and rebuilt, University several years earlier, he was paying the differ­ persuaded to serve again as financial ence himself. He built problems continued to dog the school. multiple duplexes to He became more involved this time, house the families of donating to the buildings and grounds potential students to committee as well as speaking out encourage their en­ about the importance of supporting rollment. New schools education. His oldest son, Newland, such as theology, law, enrolled in the school in 1875 as did music, pedagogy, Charles the following year. They were art, and horticulture both good students and graduated at were opened. But an the top of their classes. With his sons untimely death just on campus, DePauw increased his four years later put The DePauw family had a regular pew at the Centenary Method- involvement in the school, accepting the an end to DePauw’s ist Episcopal Church in New Albany, Indiana. (Jay Small Postcard chairmanship of the board of trustees. leadership. Gifts in Collection, P 0391, Indiana Historical Society) In 1881 he donated $2,000 to offset the his will at the time of university’s $9,000 budget deficit.27 his death gained the university around he had a stroke while awaiting their Around this time, the treasurer of $700,000.29 train to New Albany. He was taken to Indiana Asbury University, John W. Ray, DePauw’s tremendous successes the Palmer House Hotel where he died 33 learned that DePauw had made a will and generosity engendered tribute hours later at the age of sixty-five. bequeathing a large part of his estate to articles about him in numerous Indiana DePauw’s life, although not quite a establishing a DePauw University. De­ and Kentucky newspapers following rags-to-riches story, is still the definition tails were left to his wife, children, and his death in May 1887. The Louisville of the American dream. Starting out on trustees of his estate. Ray told Indiana Courier–Journal spoke of his “Midas his own at the age of sixteen, DePauw Asbury’s vice-president, John Clark Rid­ touch” and called him “‘the nerviest prospered through diligence, hard work, path, about DePauw’s will, and Ridpath businessman in Indiana.’”30 This article honesty, and determination. And as he garnered trustee support for changing and others portrayed DePauw as a man prospered, so did the communities in the name of the university from Asbury who was always helping in some public which he lived, worked, and served. He to DePauw in exchange for an endow­ improvement.31 A history of New Albany disproved his great-grandfather’s Ameri­ ment from DePauw. DePauw hesitated written in 1882 credits him with invest­ can degeneration theory not only by at first, but on October 24, 1883, he ing $2 million in New Albany manufac­ being smart and getting smarter or by agreed to give $2 for every $1 raised tories.32 earning wealth and becoming fabulously by the school, and so the name of the DePauw was with his son, Newland, wealthy. He also disproved it with the university was changed to DePauw.28 in Chicago on business in 1887 when benevolence he practiced throughout his life.

42 THG: CONNECTIONS SOUTHERN INDIANA

Notes 1. “Manly and Noble,” Reflector (Jefferson­ Directory of the Indiana General Assembly, 21. Garrigus, “Washington Charles DePauw ville, IN), September 9, 1905, Newspaper Vol. 1: 1816–1899 (Indianapolis: Select and the Founding of DePauw University,” Archive.com. Committee on the Centennial History 6; Sixteenth Report of the Superintendent 2. “Who Was Washington C. DePauw? of the Indiana General Assembly in of Public Instruction for the State of Indi- Story of Benefactor Still News to Many cooperation with the Indiana Historical ana (Indianapolis: Alexander H. Connor, Grads,” DePauw Alumnus (January 1941): Bureau, 1980), 99. 1869), 78. 4. 10. Stevens, Centennial History of Washing- 22. “Who Was Washington C. DePauw?” 4. 3. Henry A. Verslype, The Belgians of Indi- ton County, Indiana, 81–83, 92, 607. 23. Garrigus, “Washington Charles DePauw ana (Nappanee, IN: Henry A. Verslype, 11. Shepherd, et al, Biographical Directory of and the Founding of DePauw University,” 1987), 33. the Indiana General Assembly, Vol. 1, 99. 7; New Albany Daily Ledger, June 5, 1867. 4. Stanley Elkins, The Age of Federalism: 12. History of Lawrence, Orange, and Wash- 24. New Albany Daily Ledger, November 11, The Early American Republic, 1788–1800 ington Counties, Indiana, 702. 1867; Garrigus, “Washington Charles (New York: Oxford University Press, 13. “Washington C. DePauw,” Sullivan DePauw and the Founding of DePauw 1993), 304, Books.google.com. Democrat, September 27, 1871, Newspa­ University,” 8–9. 5. Verslype, Belgians of Indiana, 33; William perArchive.com. 25. Emma Lou Thornbrough, Indiana in the Warren Sweet, “DePauw, Washing­ 14. Biographical History of Eminent and Self- Civil War Era, 1850–1880, vol. 3, The ton Charles.” Dictionary of American Made Men of the State of Indiana, 10. History of Indiana (Indianapolis: Indiana Biography, vol. 3, eds. Allen Johnson 15. Ibid. Historical Society, 1989), 414; Manhart, and Dumas Malone (New York: Charles 16. Stevens, Centennial History of Wash- DePauw through the Years, vol. 1, 169. Scribner’s and Sons, 1931), 244. ington County, Indiana, 610; Arthur J. 26. Stevens, Centennial History of Washing- 6. Charles Lievin DePauw and Rachel Rolnick and Warren E. Weber, “Free ton County, Indiana, 346. Young, U.S. and International Marriage Banking, Wildcat Banking, and Shinplas­ 27. “W. C. DePauw: He Gave More Than Records, 1560–1900, Source number ters,” Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapo- a Name,” Indianapolis Star Magazine 769.025; Kentucky, Compiled Census lis: Quarterly Review 6, no. 3 (Fall 1982): (January 15, 1984): 20; Garrigus, “Wash­ and Census Substitutes Index, 1810– 10–19. ington Charles DePauw and the Found­ 1890; and Charles DePauw and Peggy 17. George B. Manhart, DePauw Through ing of DePauw University,” 14. Randolph, Kentucky Marriages, 1802– The Years, vol.1 (Greencastle, IN: De­ 28. “W. C. DePauw: He Gave More Than a 1850, Ancestry.com; Rachel DePauw, Pauw University, 1962), 169; Rolnick and Name,” 20. Indiana: Find A Grave Index, 1800–2012, Weber, “Free Banking”; History of Law­ 29. Ibid. http://www.findagrave.com. rence, Orange, and Washington Counties, 30. As quoted in Garrigus, “Washington 7. John DePauw and Elizabeth Batiste, U.S. Indiana, 770. Charles DePauw and the Founding of and International Marriage Records, 18. John Garrigus, “Washington Charles DePauw University,” 8. 1560–1900, Source number 769.012, DePauw and the Founding of DePauw 31. Manhart, DePauw through the Years, vol. Ancestry.com; Elizabeth Batiste Depauw, University” (unpublished manuscript, 1, 169. Indiana: Find A Grave Index, 1800–2012, Summer 1983), page 3, MSD.1983.007, 32. History of the Ohio Falls Cities and their http://www.findagrave.com. DePauw University Archives. Counties (Cleveland, OH: L. A. Williams 8. Warder W. Stevens, Centennial History of 19. Washington C. McPuaw, U.S. Census and Co., 1882), 231; Garrigus, “Washing­ Washington County, Indiana (Indianapo­ for 1850, Salem, Washington County, ton Charles DePauw and the Founding lis: B. F. Bowen and Co., 1916), 607. Indiana, National Archives microfilm roll of DePauw University,” 8. 9. A Biographical History of Eminent and M432_179, page 314B, image 457, An­ 33. “W. C. DePauw: He Gave More Than a Self-Made Men of the State of Indiana, vol. cestry.com; Sarah Ellen (Malott) DePauw, Name,” 20. 1 (Cincinnati, OH: Western Biographi­ Katherine (Newland) DePauw, and cal Publishing, 1880), 173–76, https:// Frances M. “Fanny” (Leyden) DePauw, A volunteer for the Indiana Historical archive.org; History of Lawrence, Orange, Indiana: Find A Grave Index, 1800–2012, Society, Elizabeth Flynn is a freelance journalist and the mother of two grown and Washington Counties, Indiana http://www.findagrave.com; Garrigus, sons. In 2002 she received the award for (Chicago: Goodspeed Bros. and Co., “Washington Charles DePauw and the Best Print Feature from the Society of Pro- 1884), 8, Books.google.com; Rebecca A. Founding of DePauw University,” 4–5. fessional Journalists for her article, “Erin Shepherd, Charles W. Calhoun, Eliza­ 20. Worth M. Tippy, “The Washington C. Bauer Grows Up,” which appeared in the beth Shanahan–Shoemaker, and Alan F. DePauw Family,” DePauw Alumnus (May April 2002 issue of Indianapolis Woman January, comps. and eds., A Biographical 1952): 9. magazine.

Fllintera /w 2013 43 G eNEALOGY Across Indiana Hoosier Baptists Part 3: Missionary Associations, 1823–Present Installment 4: Coffee Creek Association, Lake–Zoleman

T imoTHY Mohon

Since first appearing as independent local congregations in with the Spring/Summer 2009 issue, give brief histories for seventeenth-century England, Baptists have held tenaciously several Indiana Baptist associations, telling when and where to the autonomy of the local church. This Baptist distinction they were formed, when they disbanded or were absorbed into has been traditionally troublesome for the genealogist since other associations, and introducing the secondary sources and local autonomy by definition precludes uniformity in record authors that have discussed these associations. Third, for those keeping and record holding. associations addressed in this article series, where nineteenth- While rejecting outside control, Baptists historically have century records exist that contain obituaries, a listing of death sought ways to foster connections among their churches. notices found in the minutes for each association is given in Following the English Civil War (1642–1649), Baptists began alphabetical order. to collect their local bodies into associations. The Baptist asso­ While the article series thus described gives an abundance ciation, unlike dioceses, presbyteries, conferences, and other of information for Indiana Baptist associations and their organizations of denominational bodies, has no ecclesiastical nineteenth-century members, it is not complete. It represents authority over member churches, unless the members freely less than half of the information available. More work on this give it authority, which they rarely do. The first Baptist associa­ important resource would make a valuable contribution to tion to be formed in what is now the United States was the historical and genealogical research. Philadelphia Baptist Association in 1707.1 Baptists began developing larger groupings—state and COFFEE CREEK ASSOCIATION national conventions—in 1814, but not among all persuasions Missionary (1827–present) of Baptists. Therefore, understanding how, where, and when Jefferson, Jennings, and Scott Counties various associations formed can help the researcher know By 1826 the Silver Creek association had grown to twenty- where to look for those Baptist records that have been col­ eight churches, which covered a good amount of territory. lected in denominational, academic, local, and state libraries It was decided to divide the association in two, in order to and archives. This article series will help in three fundamental make the area more manageable. Sixteen of the twenty-eight ways. First, several research lists concerning Hoosier Baptists, churches­—Coffee Creek, Concord, Elizabeth, Freedom, Har­ compiled by the author, are published in Online Connections bert’s Creek, Indian Creek, Indian Kentuc’y, Lick Branch, Middle in the Genealogy Across Indiana department: “Baptist Associa­ Fork, Mount Pleasant, Saluda, Scaffold Lick, Union, Vernon, tions in the State of Indiana: A Roster” (with a key to Baptist West Fork, and White River—were dismissed to form a new sub-denominations); “Baptist Associations in the State of body. Meeting at the Coffee Creek meetinghouse, Jennings Indiana: An Inventory of Published Proceedings” (with holdings County, these churches organized the Coffee Creek association throughout Indiana and in Louisville, Kentucky; Atlanta, Geor­ on August 18, 1827.2 gia; Cleveland, Ohio; and Nashville, Tennessee); and “Indiana The Coffee Creek association experienced such growth that Baptist Associational Minutes Printed in the Annual Proceed­ it required two divisions of its own. In 1832 thirteen churches ings of the Indiana Baptist Convention, 1916–1931.” To view were lettered out to begin the Madison association. Four addi­ these lists, visit the IHS website, http://www.indianahistory tional churches left four years later to start the Brownstown .org/, and click on the links: Our Services, Family History, Fam­ association.3 ily History Publications, and then Online Connections. The oldest recorded African American Baptist church in Second, articles published in The Hoosier Genealogist: Indiana, with nine members, joined the Coffee Creek associa­ Connections Genealogy Across Indiana Department, beginning tion in 1839. Isaac Sanford and Henry Webb were the messen­

44 THG: CONNECTIONS gers. The highest reported membership for this congregation Indianapolis, IN 46202 (twelve) is noted in the 1840 minutes. In 1846 it was named Coffee Creek association records for years: Pleasant Run, and it was granted a letter of dismission in 1846–1848, 1853–1855, 1874, 1892, 1894–1896, 1898, 1900–1912, 1853.4 1914 In addition to the Pleasant Run congregation, the Second Southern Baptist Historical Library and Archives Madison church, also African American, was a member of the 901 Commerce Street, #400 Coffee Creek association from 1843 to 1848. When admitted Nashville, TN 37203-3630 to membership, this congregation numbered forty-five and Coffee Creek association records for years: was represented by Brothers Alexander Duncan and George 1856–1873, 1875–1876, 1878, 1880, 1886–1896, 1899–1902, 1906, 1908–1909, 1911–1914, 1916, 1922–1924, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1945, D’Baptist/DeBaptist. By 1848 the membership had grown to 1948, 1958, 1961, 1963–1964, 1967–1970 fifty-nine, but the church is never mentioned in the Coffee Creek proceedings again.5 Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Not only has the Coffee Creek association been a strong Archives and Special Collections supporter of Baptist missionary efforts, but it has been one of 2825 Lexington Road Louisville, KY 40280 the best at recording Baptist history. Early in its associational Coffee Creek association records for years: minutes (1832, 1839–1841), sketches of Coffee Creek’s his­ 1829, 1831, 1833, 1839, 1846–1848, 1852, 1855, 1862, 1869–1870, tory appear, along with essays covering early Baptist history 1880–1881, 1888–1892, 1895–1964, 1969–1970, 1974–1975, in southern Indiana. Few Indiana Baptist associations have 1980–1981 written histories, but Tibbets’s account of the association is probably the most detailed and helpful of the collection. Western Reserve Historical Society Research Library Because associations, like member churches, are autono­ 10825 East Boulevard mous, there are no rigid guidelines concerning the archival Cleveland, OH 44106 storage of their historical records. Therefore, the annual min­ Coffee Creek association records for years: utes of a Baptist association often can be found in a variety of 1898 locations. Minutes for the Coffee Creek association have been Many American Baptist associations began to include obit­ found in several repositories: uaries in their annual published proceedings around the middle American Baptist Historical Society of the nineteenth century. While not uniform in approach 3001 Mercer University Drive and scope, these minutes are often similar in format. Some of Atlanta, GA 30341 these death notices include extensive genealogical data, while Coffee Creek association records for years: others merely list churches with names of deceased members 1830–1834, 1841, 1844, 1846–1854, 1856–1871, 1873, 1875, from the previous year. Individuals who served as pastors 1879–1976, 1980–1981, 1984–1987 generally have more extensive accounts. Franklin College The Coffee Creek association offers examples of these B. F. Hamilton Library and Archives death notices among Indiana Baptists. Death notices found for 101 Branigin Boulevard the Coffee Creek association with last names beginning with Franklin, IN 46131-2623 “A” through “K” were published in the Spring/Summer 2013 Coffee Creek association records for years: 1827–1854, 1856–1936, 1939, 1952, 1963–1964, 1967, 1969–1970, issue of THG: Connections. Death notices for names beginning 1974, 1980–1981, 1984–1988, 1990–1992, 1995 with “L” through “Z” appear below. After each name is the year of the printed minutes that are abstracted, page number Indiana Historical Society for the entry, and either a brief account or a full listing of the William H. Smith Memorial Library notice. 450 West Ohio Street Indianapolis, IN 46202-3269 Coffee Creek Association Death Notices Coffee Creek association records for years: 1891 Lake, Sis. Barbara (1894): 16; Commiskey church. Lamaster, Sis. Elizabeth (1889): 16; New Land’s Creek church. Indiana State Library Lamaster, Bro. Lewis (1891): 15; Vienna church. Died July 18, 1891, Indiana Division age 73. 315 West Ohio Street Lamaster, Sis. Rebecka (1890): 16; Vienna church. Died November 26, 1889.

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Lasswell, Dea. Peter (1877): 8; Kimberlin’s Creek church. Died Febru­ Marling, Dea. John (1894): 16; New Prospect church. Died March 21, ary 1877. 1894, age 73. Lauler, Sis. Emma (1893): 8; Hopewell church. Died May 29, 1893, Marshall, Bro. C. W. (1886): 5; Hopewell church. Died July 26, 1886, age 17. age 64. Laury, Sis. Elizabeth (1893): 8; Commiskey church. Died April 11, Marshall, Sis. Luvenia (1886): 5; Hopewell church. Died August 10, 1893, age 89. 1886, age 28. Law, Sis. Nancy (1879): 12; Scaffold Lick church. Marshall, Bro. M. J. (1893): 8; Commiskey church. Died October 31, Law, Sis. Rachel J. (1888): 16; Lick Branch church. 1892, age 66. Lawler, Lic. Bennett (1845): 2; Hopewell church. Died May 24, 1845, Marvin, Sis. Lydia (1884): 10; Zion church. “. . . an exemplary Chris­ age 33. tian, who died trusting in Jesus, May 1, 1884.” Lawler, Sis. Malissa (1894): 16; Hopewell church. Died July 26, 1894, McAdams, Sis. Lillie (1894): 16; Vienna church. Died October 28, age 56. 1893, age 14. Lawler, Sis. Nancy (1898): 5; Hopewell church. Died March 4, 1898, McCaslin, Bro. James (1879): 12; Lick Branch church. “. . . one of her age 86. best and most influential members.” Lawrence, Sis. (1880): 8; Coffee Creek church. McCaslin, Sis. Sophia (1895): 12; Bethany church. Died January 25, Lawrence, Bro. Henry (1897): 5; Commiskey church. Died January 25, 1895, age 76. 1897, age 75. McClanahan, Sis. Martha (1897): 5; Lick Branch church. Died Lewis, Sis. Eliza E. (1882): 7; Marion church. “. . . died last January in August 26, 1897, age 66. the prime of life and usefulness.” McClelland, Bro. James (1885): 8; Elizabeth church. He “died sud­ Lewis, Sis. Malinda (1892): 11; Coffee Creek church. Died January 5, denly while in the field at work, May 30, 1885, aged 67. Had been 1892, age 72. a consistent member twelve years.” Lewis, Rev. William B. (1892): 11; Coffee Creek church. Died August 11, McCoy, Rev. John E. (1891): 15. Son of Eld. William McCoy. 1892, age 75. Ordained May 6, 1848. McCoy, Eld. William (1891): 15. Father of Rev. John E. McCoy. Lewis, Bro. William F. (1897): 5; First Marion church. Died March 15, McCrury, Sis. Elizabeth (1894): 16; Bethany church. Died February 28, 1897, age 35. 1894, age 54. Licklyter, Bro. Fred (1893): 8; New Prospect church. Died March 31, McFadden, Bro. J. H. (1879): 12; Scaffold Lick church. 1893. McFall, Sis. Mary (1880): 8; Scaffold Lick church. Lizenby, Sis. Margaret A. (1900): 5; Scottsburg church. Died Septem­ McGorra, Sis. Mary A. (1887): 9; New Prospect church. Died January ber 11, 1899, age 46. 1887, age 51. Long, Sis. Mary C. (1896): 6; Lick Branch church. Died November 28, McGuire, Sis. Luela (1892): 11; Coffee Creek church. Died 1895. November 13, 1891, age 23. Long, Bro. Richard (1889): 16; Tea Creek church. Died January 29, McLellen, Sis. Mary J. (1897): 5; Elizabeth church. 1889. McNealy, Sis. Eliza (1897): 5; Scaffold Lick church. Died October 26, Low, Bro. John (1880): 8; Hopewell church. Died March 1880. 1896, age 67. Lowe, Sis. Mary H. (1877): 8; Hopewell church. “. . . a youthful mem­ McNeeley, Bro. Frederick (1889): 16; Scaffold Lick church. Died ber, who has been called to her reward.” August 1889. Lychliter, Sis. Samantha (1880): 8; Scaffold Lick church. McQuilling, Sis. Jane (1899): 6; Newlands’s Creek church. Malcomb, Sis. Nancy (1887): 9; Coffee Creek church. McQuilling, Bro. Peter (1889): 16; New Land’s Creek church. Died Malcomb, Dea. Samuel (1884): 9; Coffee Creek church. “. . . a pioneer July 16, 1889, age 83. in the Baptist cause in Southern Indiana. He was born in Mary­ Meek, Sis. Amanda (1879): 12; Zion church. “. . . went into the Church land, September 20, 1808; came to Indiana in 1831; united with at its organization in 1844, and died in Kansas in 1878.” the Baptist church in October, 1831; was ordained Deacon a few Mercer, Sis. Adda (1892): 11; Hopewell church. Died January 26, 1892. years later, and died May 30, 1884. He rarely failed in all these Mercer, Sis. Amanda M. (1899): 6; Vienna church. Died November 1, years to fill his place in the house of God; was always reliable in 1898. every Christian duty; was a true pillar of the church, ever assisting Mercer, Rev. George L. (1888): 16; Kimberlin Creek church. Age 61. in the advancement of the cause of Christ by his presence, his counsels, and his means, and by his pure, consistent deportment. Mercer, Bro. J. L. (1892): 11; Hopewell church. Died January 22, 1892. The family, the church, and the community have sustained a Mercer, Sis. Nancy (1891): 15; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. great loss.” Monroe, Bro. A. C. (1889): 16; New Prospect church. Died June 10, Marling, Sis. Elizabeth (1889): 16; New Prospect church. Died July 2, 1889, age 71. 1889, age 28. Monroe, Bro. Aquilla (1898): 5; New Providence church. Died May 1898.

46 THG: CONNECTIONS H oOSIER baptists

The approximate boundaries of Coffee Creek association in northwestern Jefferson County, eastern Scott County, and southeastern Jennings County, Indiana, depicted here on a 1952 postal route map of Indiana. (Indiana Historical Society)

Monroe, Sis. Elizabeth (1895): 12; Elizabeth church. Died November Musprier, Sis. Caroline (1894): 16; Elizabeth church. Died 1894, age 27. December 31, 1893, age 56. Monroe, Sis. Emily (1890): 16; Bethany church. Myers, Bro. M. E. (1899): 6; First Marion church. Died March 22, 1899, Monroe, Bro. Felix (1847): 5; Liberty church. “Departed this life on age 55. the 26th of November, 1846 . . . in the 64th year of his age; he Nay, Bro. Harry (1900): 5; Lancaster church. Died February 6, 1900. united with the Baptist church at White river, in 1818; and, during Nay, Sis. Mary (1887): 9; Coffee Creek church. his christian life was highly esteemed and beloved by all who had Nay, Bro. William H. (1894): 16; Lick Branch church. Died January 27, the pleasure of a personal acquaintance.” 1894. Monroe, Sis. Leticia (1896): 6; Hopewell church. Died January 1896. Nelson, Sis. Mary (1893): 8; Coffee Creek church. Died March 3, Monroe, Sis. Lizzie (1891): 15; Tea Creek church. Died June 12, 1891. 1893, age 76. Monroe, Bro. W. T. (1892): 11; Elizabeth church. Died January 1892, Owen, Sis. Lovisy (1894): 16; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died age 27. March 13, 1894, age 85. Monroe, Bro. William (1877): 8; White River church. “His name need Padgett, Bro. Thomas (1879): 12; Moderator of the Hebron church. only be mentioned as a veteran of the cross. He had long been Parker, Sis. Amelia E. (1889): 16; New Prospect church. Died April 17, a fateful worker in the Master’s vineyard, and the sentiment of 1889, age 11. every heart is, ‘Truly a father has fallen in Israel.’” Paul, Bro. Daniel (1885): 7; Scaffold Lick church. One of the “oldest Montgomery, Dea. (1876): 7; Elizabeth church. members, being well on to 90 years of age.” Montgomery, Sis. Hannah (1894): 16; Vienna church. Died April 22, Phillips, Bro. Benjamin (1893): 8; Kimberlain [sic] [Creek?] church. 1893, age 44. Died September 21, 1893. Montgomery, Bro. Jas/James (1889): 16; Vienna church. Died Porter, Sis. Laura (1899): 6; Lancaster church. Died April 1, 1899, age March 31, 1889, age 63. 20. Montgomery, Sis. Mary (1888): 16; Elizabeth church. Pound, Bro. Martin (1899): 6; Lexington church. Died March 26, Montgomery, Bro. Oliver L. (1890): 16; New Prospect church. Died 1899, age 72. December 1889, age 20. Power, Bro. S. (1900): 5; Scottsburg church. Died March 5, 1900, age Montgomery, Sis. Sally (1894): 16; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died 69. June 1894. Rawlings, Bro. Aaron (1897): 5; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died Montgomery, Bro. William (1894): 16; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. September 9, 1896. Died September 23, 1893, age 38.

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Rawlings, Sis. Sarah J. (1899): 6; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died Robbins, Sis. Mary (1892): 11; Vienna church. Died March 18, 1892. August 4, 1899. Robbins, Bro. Nathanial (1896): 6; Scaffold Lick church. Died March Rawlings, Bro. William (1897): 5; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died 1896. September 20, 1896. Robbins, Bro. Nathaniel (1898): 5; Lexington church. Died June 5, Rector, Bro. Daniel (1879): 12; Lancaster church. “. . . who was chosen 1898, age 21. Deacon, but had not yet been ordained.” Robbins, Sis. Surina (1892): 11; Scaffold Lick church. Rector, Bro. John (1895): 12; Lancaster church. Roberts, Sis. Nancy (1893): 8; Commiskey church. Died May 22, Redman, Sis. Josephine (1894): 16; Bethany church. Died April 26, 1893, age 79. 1894, age 20. Rodman, Sis. Frankie (1891): 15; Scottsburg church. Died April 12, Reece, Eld. John (1852): 5. “. . . died about the 14th of May last, on 1891. Red river, on his way to ; and now sleeps in a grave among Rogers, Bro. A. J. (1898): 5; Vienna church. strangers.” Rogers, Bro. John C. (1894): 16; Coffee Creek church. Died Resebury, Sis. Mary B. (1887): 9; Tea Creek church. Died June 2, 1887, January 20, 1894, age 79. age 78. Rutlege, Sis. Lucy (1892): 11; Lick Branch church. Died July 17, 1892. Reynolds, Bro. Aaron (1893): 8; New Providence church. Died Janu­ Sage, Bro. Jesse (1900): 5; Lick Branch church. Died August 4, 1900, ary 23, 1893, age 76. age 76. Reynolds, Sis. Celina (1896): 6; New Providence church. Died Octo­ Sage, Sis. Mary J. (1894): 16; Lick Branch church. Died April 24, 1894, ber 3, 1895, age 70. age 71. Rice, Sis. Jane (1896): 6; Scaffold Lick church. Died August 28, 1896, Samples, Sis. Alice B. (1897): 5; Bethany church. Died April 3, 1897. age 80. Sanders, Sis. Rebecca (1897): 5; Scottsburg church. Rice, Sis. Sally (1890): 16; Bethany church. Sands, Bro. James (1895): 12; Vienna church. Died May 10, 1895, age Richey, Sis. Alice (1887): 9; Vienna church. 86. Richey, Bro. Nelson (1892): 11; Scottsburg church. Scott, Dea. (1876): 7; Coffee Creek church. Richey, Sis. Shelby (1889): 16; Vienna church. Died May 23, 1889, Seburn, Sis. Mary (1893): 8. Died September 4, 1892, age 60. [Listed age 74. with Coffee Creek church, but it could be Bethany church.] Righthouse, Sis. Mary (1899): 6; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died Seburn, Bro. William (1898): 5; Bethany church. Died March 8, 1898, March 2, 1899. age 75. Ringo, Sis. Lydia (1881): 5; Kimberlin’s Creek church. Shambough, Sis. Carrie (1894): 16; Elizabeth church. Died April 1, Ringo, Sis. Mary (1891): 15; Vienna church. Died July 27, 1891, age 57. 1894, age 14. Ringo, Sis. Mary N. (1900): 5; Vienna church. Died June 13, 1900, age Shanbeau, Sis. Frorence[?] (1897): 5; Elizabeth church. 55. Slater, Sis. Nancy J. (1893): 8; New Prospect church. Died January 5, Ringo, Sis. Nancy (1899): 6; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died April 4, 1892, age 57. 1899. Smith, Bro. Alvis (1890): 16; Elizabeth church. Died June 24, 1890, Ringo, Sis. Rosannah (1890): 16; Scaffold Lick church. Died age 21. December 12, 1889. Smith, Sis. Anna (1893): 8; First Marion church. Died May 7, 1893, Robbin, Bro. Martin (1887): 9; Scaffold Lick church. Died age 77. December 24, 1886. Smith, Bro. David (1886): 5; First Marion church. Died February 4, Robbins, Bro. Alex./Alexander (1890): 16; Bethany church. 1886, age 79. Robbins, Sis. Betsey (1892): 11; Scaffold Lick church. Smith, Sis. Kata (1895): 12; First Marion church. Died September 2, Robbins, Bro. Caleb (1880): 9; First Marion church. “. . . one of the 1894, age 20. leading members of the church, and an ornament to society.” Smith, Sis. Katie (1899): 6; Newlands’s Creek church. Robbins, Sis. Catherine (1890): 16; Scaffold Lick church. Died Smith, Sis. Lucinda (1899): 6; Zion church. Died February 18, 1899, August 1, 1890. age 85. Robbins, Sis. Eliza (1899): 6; Lexington church. Died August 19, 1899, Smith, Sis. Maggie (1898): 5; Vienna church. age 60. Sooy, Sis. Lula (1896): 6; Hopewell church. Died July 4, 1896, age 17. Robbins, Sis. Ellen (1894): 16; Scottsburg church. Died June 7, 1894. Spark, Sis. Sarah (1880): 9; Kimberlin’s Creek church. Robbins, Bro. Hiram (1899): 6; Lexington church. Died August 11, Spaulding, Bro. Giles W. (1899): 6; Zion church. Died December 25, 1899, age 64. 1898, age 48. Robbins, Bro. J. M. (1894): 16; Scaffold Lick church. Died April 9, Speilman, Sis. Jennie (1897): 5; Lick Branch church. Died June 10, 1894. 1897, age 43. Robbins, Sis. Jane (1892): 11; Bethany church.

48 THG: CONNECTIONS H oOSIER baptists

The Ohio River borders part of the Coffee Creek association, and many of the association’s church officials, preachers, and congregations had lived on the Kentucky side of the Ohio before migrating to Indiana. (A. C. Hillabold, Indiana Postcard Collection, P 0408, Indiana Historical Society)

Spencer, Bro. Amasa (1846): 5; Zion church. “On the 10th day of July, by death. He left a wife and three children—two children having 1846, in the 87th year of his age . . . an eminently pious man of preceded him to the better land. God, and for about 26 years a member of the Baptist Church. At “A noble and good man is taken from his labor to his the time of his death he was a member of the Zion church.” reward. Bro. Spillman was constantly employed in his Master’s Spencer, Sis. Ellen (1888): 16; Zion church. work, and we miss him in our Association, in our churches, and in Spencer, Sis. Emily (1885): 8; Zion church. She “died July 28, 1885, our homes; but we submit to the Divine Providence of our God. aged 26 years. She united with the church in May, 1872, and lived “The funeral sermon was preached by Dr. Dobbs, from 2d a quiet, Consistent Christian life, and was loved by all. She always Timothy, iv, 6–8, to a very large concourse of people. As an Asso­ had a kind word for suffering humanity.” ciation we offer to the bereaved widow and orphans our sincere Spencer, Bro. Keziah (1899): 6; Zion church. Died January 7, 1899, sympathy.” age 54. Stansbery, Sis. Addie (1891): 15; Hopewell church. Died February Spencer, Sis. Mary (1888): 16; First Marion church. Died 1891. September 6, 1887. Staples, Sis. Elizabeth (1894): 16; First Marion church. Died Decem­ Spencer, Bro. Mason (1900): 5; Zion church. Died April 6, 1900, age ber 4, 1893, age 71. 50. Staples, Bro. John (1895): 12; Kent church. Died September 26, 1894, Spicer, Bro. Avery (1895): 12; Hopewell church. Died October 20, age 74. 1894, age 82. Staples, Bro. T. J., Sr. (1882): 7; Marion church. Died July 30, 1882, age Spicer, Sis. Dorcas (1892): 11; Hopewell church. Age 64. 74. Spillman, Rev. James N. (1884): 10; Lancaster church. “. . . died Tues­ Staton, Sis. Maria (1895): 12; Bethany church. Died February 27, 1895. day morning, August 5, 1884. Bro. Spillman was born in Carroll Stevens, Bro. Samuel (1896): 6; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died County, Kentucky, June 2, 1848; united with the Locust Creek September 20, 1895. Baptist Church in August, 1865; was married in April, 1871, and in Stites, Rev. D. O. (1894): 16; Lick Branch church. Died June 14, 1894. August of the same year was licensed to preach, and March 15, Stites, Bro. William (1892): 11; Hopewell church. 18 years old. “Stu­ 1879, was ordained to the Gospel ministry. In March, 1881, he dent for the Ministry.” located at Lancaster, Indiana, where he resided until called away

Fllintera /w 2013 49 G eNEALOGY Across Indiana

Stokes, Sis. Isabella (1879): 12; Hopewell church. Tobias, Sis. Maria (1885): 7–8; Coffee Creek church. “. . . a worthy Stout, Sis. Amanda (1900): 5; Lancaster church. Died February 1, member of long time standing . . . who died of paralysis, in June 1900. last.” Stout, Bro. Chas./Charles G. (1900): 5; Scottsburg church. Died Tobias, Sis. Mary (1898): 5; Coffee Creek church. Died December 23, August 7, 1900, age 27. 1897. Stribling, Dea. B. B. (1897): 5; Hopewell church. Died July 2, 1897, age Tobias, Sis. Mary (1899): 6; Lancaster church. Died September 15, 83. 1898, age 54. Stribling, Sis. Betsey (1892): 11; Hopewell church. Age 74. Tobias, Sis. Mary E. (1896): 6; Lick Branch church. Died April 20, 1896. Stribling[?], Sis. Eliza[?] (1895): 12; Hopewell church. Died August 9, Tobias, Sis. Sally (1895): 12; Coffee Creek church. Died February 18, 1895, age 52. 1895, age 84. Suddith, Sis. Clara (1895): 12; Elizabeth church. Died December 28, Tobias, Sis. Sarah (1889): 16; Marion church. Died March 15, 1889, 1894, age 14. age 34. Sulivan, Bro. Albert (1891): 15; Lick Branch church. Died August 13, Tobias, Bro.[?] Simeon (1900): 5; Lick Branch church. Died 1891, age 30. September 22, 1899, age 67. Summers, Eld. Elijah (1844): 2. “. . . somewhere near 80 years of age, Tobias, Bro. Travanian (1896): 6; Bethany church. Died December 2, died last of March, 1844; a man of much notoriety in early days 1895, age 50. as a revivalist preacher among the Kentucky Baptists.” Toombs, Sis. Alabama (1885): 7; Scaffold Lick church. Swincher, Bro. John (1845): 2–3; Bethany church. “Departed this Townsend, Bro. Avery (1894): 16; Bethany church. Died life on the 18th day of August, 1845, and in the 65th year of his December 24, 1893. age . . . an eminently pious man of God, and for about 25 years a Turner, Bro. Archbald (1893): 8; New Prospect church. Died Decem­ member of the Baptist church. At the time of his death, and for ber 25, 1892, age 72. many years prior thereto, he was deprived of eye-sight; but filled Underwood, Bro. John (1893): 8; Hopewell church. Died January his seat in the Bethany church, of which he was a member, as 1893, age 62. constantly as any other member.” Underwood, Sis. Zerelda (1895): 12; Hopewell church. Died Novem­ Swincher, Sis. Mary (1844): 2–3. “. . . wife of Elder James B. Swincher; ber 17, 1894, age 76. her immortal part took its flight on the 1st of September, 1844: VanCleve, Dea. (1876): 7; Lancaster church. she was about 40 years of age; as a member of the church she was exemplary, pious, and faithful in the discharge of every chris­ Vawter, Eld. Jesse (1838): 3–4. “He was pre-eminently useful in the tian duty. In all her domestic relations she was neat and cleanly, Ministry, and done much to advance the Messiah’s kingdom a most perfect model of her sex; she died as she lived, in the full here on earth, especially amongst the Baptist Churches, from assurance of a blessed immortality beyond the grave.” their first organization in Indiana, but more particularly so in the bound of what was, and is known, as Silver Creek, Coffee Creek, Taflinger, Sis. Mahala (1894): 16; Scaffold Lick church. Died March Laughery, Flat Rock, and Madison Associations. He was without 1894. doubt, one of the most pious men of his day; and as a doctrinal, Tate, Sis. Ellen (1896): 6; Hopewell church. Died October 8, 1895, practical, and experimental preacher, if not of the first order of age 84. talents, his qualifications and ability for Evangelical preaching Tate, Sis.[?] Jessie (1888): 16; Commiskey church. Died July 20, 1888. was far above mediocrity; and as a peace maker, was, perhaps, Thomas, Sis. Mary (1892): 11; Zion church. Died December 24, 1891. without his equal in the congregations of which he was a mem­ Thompson, Bro. Henry (1897): 5; Hopewell church. Died June 1897, ber. His immortal part took its flight to join the spirits of ‘Just age 70. men made perfect,’ on the 20th day of March, 1838, in the 83rd Tibbets, Sis. Nannie (1880): 8; Coffee Creek church. years of his age. His remains were interred in the burying ground on Harbert’s creek, in Jefferson county by the side of his com­ Tibbits, Bro. J. C. (1891): 15. Served as the Clerk of the Coffee Creek panion and a deceased daughter, who had fallen asleep before association for many years. him. The following is extracted from a memorandum written by Tobias, Sis. Ann Eliza (1890): 16; Marion church. Died March 16, 1890, himself, a short time before his death. age 70. I was born December the first day, 1755. My parents were Tobias, Bro. C. P. (1891): 15; Scottsburg church. Died May 9, 1891. (David and Mary Vawter) members of the Episcopal church. Tobias, Bro. Elias (1889): 16; Coffee Creek church. Died March 30, I was sprinkled in infancy, and was received as a member 1889, age 83. of that Church—could read my Bible in my eighth year. At Tobias, Dea. Enos (1894): 16; First Marion church. Died June 12, 1894, ten years of age had serious thoughts of religion—commit- age 76. ted to memory the Lord’s Prayer—would repeat the same Tobias, Bro. John (1890): 16; Coffee Creek church. Died March 15, morning and evenings, in order to get religion. But con- 1890, age 77 years and 9 months. cluded religion did not suit young people, and when I was settled in the world, it would be easy to obtain it. In 1774,

50 THG: CONNECTIONS H oOSIER baptists

(being an apprentice,) our work led us 20 miles from my one Church was one hundred and twenty-seven. I have father’s, and in the bounds of Baptist preaching. Perhaps in been at the formation of three associations—have served the month of May I went to the first meeting. The preacher as Moderator twenty-three years in succession (Silver Creek was Thomas Ammons. His text was Job 10 & 15, ‘If I be Association from 1814 to 1826; Coffee Creek from 1827 to wicked, wo unto me; but if I be righteous, yet will I not lift 1832; Madison from 1832 to 1835, each year inclusive). I up my head.’ The words came home to my heart with such have solemnized, perhaps, little short of two hundred mar- light and power, which made me tremble. I had never felt riages. In the year 1834 I attended four Associations. In the the like before. I strove to be composed, and not let any year 1835 I attended three Associations, and have baptized person know that I was afflicted, but all in vain: the tears three persons this year. 1836 I was at Coffee Creek, also was would run. . . . at Madison Association, but was very feeble. 1837 I was at I concluded justice would not suffer me to live on the earth. Madison Association, and was very feeble.” When night appeared, I thought I should be in eternity Wainscott, Bro. Louis (1880): 8; Coffee Creek church. before morning; and in the morning, that justice would Wainscott, Sis. Minnie (1900): 5; Coffee Creek church. Died terminate my life before night. One clear morning in July, February 17, 1900, age 22. 1774, I thought I would retire and try to pray once more Wakefield, Sis. Sarah (1894): 16; Hopewell church. Died June 4, 1894, before I died. When I got to the place I thought I dare not age 66. ask for mercy, yet my heart seemed to crave mercy; but I Walker, Sis. Polly (1900): 5; Lick Branch church. Died July 23, 1900, could not see how God could have mercy on me, consis- age 67. tently with his divine perfections. Finally, I concluded my fate was fixed, to go down to ruin forever, and rose up to Wallace, Dea. James (1868): 5–6. “. . . was born in Georgetown, Ky., go to my work. As I arose, a reconciliation took place in my Sept. 1st, 1804. His parents, who were members of the Baptist mind. The will of the Lord be done. With this reconciliation Church, removed with their family to Hunter’s Bottom, Gallatin I had a view of Jesus and his righteousness. I thought all County, (now Carroll), Ky., in the year 1815, where his father John nature shone with his glory. I could now see how God could Wallace died in 1829. have mercy upon poor sinners and be just, and justify him “He was married to Mary Morris, in December, 1826, that believeth in Jesus. I did believe he had lived and died for by whom he raised five sons, four of whom survive him. He poor sinners, and rose again for their justification; and that removed with his mother and family to the farm in Jefferson I was one of these poor sinners that he came to seek and County, Ind., on the 15th day of November, 1836, on which he to save—my soul was full of love. In the month of October lived until his death, which took place on the 13th day of May, our work led me into the bounds of another Baptist Church, 1868. He became interest[ed] on the subject of religion at a called Rapadan, in Culpepper county, Virginia, (but now in protracted meeting held at Middle Fork Church, in June, 1838, Madison county,) to which (on the first Saturday) I offered by Elders Thomas Hill and William Wallace. He was very deeply myself, (a member) was received, and baptized. It was the affected on account of his sins, and at times, almost ready to first Saturday meeting I ever was at. I thought it was the despair of obtaining mercy. After several weeks of prayer and prettiest sight I ever had seen. I could sing, and pray, and reading of the Bible, he was enabled, by faith, to contemplate exhort, and close meetings for the preachers. On the 29th Christ as a Savior of poor sinners. His soul embraced him as HIS day of march, 1781, I was married to Elizabeth, daughter Savior. His burden was removed and his glad soul was filled with of John and Sarah Watts—(the same year moved to North praise to his Redeemer for his pardoning mercy; and in his own Carolina—1790, moved to Kentucky). In 1799, a revival of language, a short time before his death: ‘I have never doubted religion broke out on the Ohio river. In 1800 it appeared to from that time to this.’ He, together with his Bro. John Wallace, spread over the whole state—(Kentucky). A number of my united with the Baptist Church, at Hopewell, and were baptized neighbors, and four of my children, had obtained a hope by their brother, Eld. William Wallace, on the first Sabbath in in Jesus, which led us to form ourselves into a Church, and Aug., 1838, his companion having united with the church in build us a meeting house. About this time my mind was March, 1837. He was ordained as Deacon of the church in 1845, exercised about preaching, which soon led to my ordination. which office he filled until his death. He was, for several years, We lived here five or six years, in great harmony, at which Treasurer of the Domestic Mission Board of the Coffee Creek time I lost my land, and in 1806 moved into Indiana. . . . Association. In reference to his religious character, it may be truly said, that an unwavering devotion to the cause of Christ, might I have this day entered my eightieth year—have been a be said to be a fixed principle from his first connection with the citizen of four states, viz: Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, church. He usually examined, with care, the grounds of his faith and Indiana. I have been a member of eight Churches— before deciding, and hence he rarely had occasion to change have, in general, sat under the same doctrines that I first his opinion. Although a firm and unyielding advocate of Baptist believed—have been at the constitution of twelve Church- principles, he was not illiberal or selfish, but was ever ready to es—have aided at the ordination of eight Ministers—have join in worship with all evangelical christians. His punctuality in baptized persons in eighteen Churches, the highest number religion was rarely equaled, having never been absent from a at any one time was eighteen, the greatest number in any

Fllintera /w 2013 51 G eNEALOGY Across Indiana

The building in the forefront of this photo, in Lexington, Indiana, was originally used as the Scott County courthouse and was built in 1821. When the county seat moved to Scottsburg in 1874, the building became a school. The building was demolished three years after this photo was taken in 1889 by Carl R. Bogardus. (General Picture Collection, P 0411, Indiana Historical Society)

single church meeting for 30 years, except from personal sick­ Wallace, Bro. James (1884): 10; Bethany church. “. . . joined the ness. The mind and spirit of Jesus was remarkably exhibited in his church when 21 years of age. He died October 10, 1883, aged life. Gentleness and kindness were manifested to all with whom 34. He passed away praying, and we trust is now praising his he associated, and his heart was deeply interested at all times for Redeemer.” the prosperity of the church. He could truthfully say, ‘For her my Walton, Dea. Dudley (1879): 12; Lick Branch church. “. . . a man full of prayers ascend.’ faith and good works.” “He was hospitable to a fault, and his house was especially Walton, Bro. Elias (1891): 15; Hopewell church. Died August 27, 1891, the home of the minister, and together with his companion, who age 85. survives him, sympathized deeply with the servant of God, mak­ Wardle, Sis. Margaret O. (1885): 8; Kimberlin Creek church. She “died ing their house his home, and were ever ready to assist him by September 2, 1885, aged about 55. She was loved by all who their prayers and contributions in his labors of love. knew her and bore her sufferings with Christian patience.” “During the last few years of his life, he was gradually de­ Weir, Sis. Eliza A. (1899): 6; Scottsburg church. Died June 20, 1899, clining in health, but while his bodily strength was failing, his faith age 45. and hope grew stronger in the Lord. For the last eight months, it Wells, Sis. (1879): 12; Lick Branch church. was one continued scene of joy and peace in view of his release from earth to share in the joys of his Lord in Heaven. Again and West, Sis. (1886): 5; Elizabeth church. Died April 1886, age 99. again he would remark, ‘This sweet peace continues with me. West, Sis. Ann (1888): 16; Elizabeth church. There is not a cloud that passes across my mind.’ West, Sis. Eva (1886): 5; Freedom church. Died April 1886, age 32. “Thus a good man has passed away, full of faith and the West, Bro. Thomas (1888): 16; Elizabeth church. Holy Spirit. He lived to see his sons all give their hearts to Christ, Whitefield, Bro. Jacob (1894): 16; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died and unite with the church at Hopewell, and thus having filled up July 1894. the measure of his usefulness, he died as he lived, ca[l]mly and Whitlach, Sis. Catherine (1900): 5; Newland’s Creek church. Died peacefully, in hope of a Blessed Immortality.’” December 1899.

52 THG: CONNECTIONS H oOSIER baptists

Whitzel, Bro. Iven (1900): 5; First Marion church. Died September 2, Notes 1899, age 25. 1. Parts of this article were published previously in The Hoosier Wiggim, Sis. Nora (1893): 8; Coffee Creek church. Died September 1, Genealogist in an introduction to Timothy Mohon, “Death No­ 1892, age 39. tices in the Annual Minutes of the Friendship Baptist Association Wilhelm, Bro. Geo./George (1899): 6; New Prospect church. Died in Central Indiana, 1855–1900,” Part 1: A–E (Fall 2002): 164–67; January 1899, age 81. Part 2: F–S (Winter 2002): 238–41; and Part 3: T–Z and Church Williams, Sis. Jane (1898): 5; Newlands Creek church. Died August Roster (Summer 2003): 96–101. 1898, age 20. 2. J[oshua] C. Tibbets, History of Coffee Creek Baptist Association, Williamson, Sis. Clara (1899): 6; Lick Branch church. Died Southern Indiana, an Account of Present Churches and Biographi- November 17, 1898, age 26. cal Sketches of Its Ministers (Cincinnati: Elm Street Printing, 1883), 30–31, online at Open Library, http://openlibrary.org/books/ Williamson, Sis. Maud (1900): 5; Lancaster church. Died December 1, 1899. OL23666667M/History_of_Coffee_Creek_Baptist _Association_(Southern_Indiana). Williamson, Sis. Maud (1900): 5; Lick Branch church. Died 3. Ibid., 57–59. December 2, 1899, age 18. 4. Throughout this article series, the published proceedings of Wilson, Bro. J. C. (1894): 16; Coffee Creek church. Died May 21, 1894. annual meetings for various Indiana Baptist associations are Wood, Bro. Andrew (1855): 5. “. . . who departed this life on the 31st designated as Minutes. Minutes, Coffee Creek Baptist Association day of January, 1855, aged fifty-eight years. He had acted as the (1839): 2; (1840): 1; (1846): 3; (1853): 5. faithful Secretary of our Executive Mission board from its first 5. Minutes, Coffee Creek Baptist Association (1843): 1; (1848): 3. organization.” Wood, Sis. Christina (1894): 16; Bethany church. Died March 31, Reverend Timothy Mohon, MDiv, is senior pastor of First Baptist 1894, age 84. Church of Greenfield, Ohio, and is past president of the Ameri- Woodruff, Sis. (1886): 5; Elizabeth church. Age 71. can Baptist Churches of Ohio. Mohon authored a chapter titled “Church Records” in the IHS’s award-winning book Finding Indi­ Woodward, Bro. David (1882): 7; White River church. Died April ana Ancestors: A Guide to Historical Research (2007). He is also 1882. the author of the following articles in The Hoosier Genealogist: Wordal, Bro. Thomas (1896): 6; Kimberlin [Creek?] church. Died “The Joys and Frustrations of Researching Indiana Baptist Records” January 31, 1896. (Fall 2002); “Source Material for Southern Methodism in Brown Wright, Sis. Herilla (1889): 16; Coffee Creek church. Died County, 1874–1907” (Summer, Fall 2005); and “Gosport Lodge September 15, 1888, age 35. No. 160, Knights of Pythias, 1886–1936, Owen County, Indiana” Wyne, Sis. Minnie (1894): 16; Hopewell church. Died October 11, (Winter 2005). 1893, age 19. Yaryen, Bro. Ira I. (1893): 8; New Providence church. Died August 2, 1893, age 66. Young, Eld. Simeon G. (1850): 2. Died August 28, 1850, 36 years old. “He was ordained December 25, 1849. He was a useful preacher and much beloved. He left a wife, seven children, brethren and friends, who feel the loss.” Zoleman, Sis. Mary (1896): 6; Newland’s Creek church. Died October 16, 1895, age 22.

Fllintera /w 2013 53 family Records From Frille to Indianapolis The Schwier Family’s Journey to Connect their Indiana Ancestors to their Extended Family in Germany

MARJORIE RAY SCHWIER AND ROBERT SCHWIER

Unless noted otherwise, illustrations are courtesy of authors.

In early 1854 Carl Heinrich Christian Schwier (later known as Chris- napolis, so we visited both churches. tian), a twenty-three-year-old single man, made the decision to leave A Trinity Lutheran Church registration book lists Christian H. Schwier with a his family in Frille, Germany, and travel to Indiana, forever altering the birthplace of Frille, Schaumburg–Lippe. 1 course of his life. This decision would lead to many new relationships: It also lists his wife and three children.5 with his future wife and four children, with other immigrant Germans We wondered about the exact location in Indianapolis, and with customers as he established and expanded a of Frille. An examination of Lippincott’s prosperous grocery business. Gazetteer of the World at the Indiana State Library revealed no reference to In the 1970s Christian’s great-grand­ card catalog filled with thousands of a town by the name of Frille in Ger­ son, Robert Schwier, one of the authors index cards, filed alphabetically. One many. According to this atlas, Schaum­ of this article, found Christian’s natural­ card matched the name on the natural­ burg–Lippe is a principality of northern ization record and a photograph among ization record and listed a birth year, a Germany, enclosed by the Prussian old family papers. The photograph, date of entry into the United States, and territories of Hesse–Nassau, Hanover, taken in Minden, Germany, was of a a date of naturalization.2 A second card, and Westphalia. The capital is Bücke­ 6 woman and two children. This discovery marked “first papers” (a declaration of burg, and the Weser River is nearby. started a forty-year search to learn the intention to become a citizen), indicated On a map of Germany we found a town story of the man and his family, even­ a birthplace of Schaumburg–Lippe and a called Hille, located west of Minden. tually leading Robert and co-author, declaration date of November 1, 1856.3 Perhaps what we thought was “Fr” in Marjorie Ray Schwier, to visit Frille and This was the first reference to a place in Frille on the church record was instead meet other Schwier descendants. This Germany that we found in the records. an “H” meaning Hille. adventure resulted in new connections Many years later, in 2012, we wrote to When Robert traveled to Germany and relationships, both across the ocean the Indiana State Archives to clarify on business in June 1978, he took with and in Indiana, that continue to grow. some information and were given a him the photo found with the natural­ No written materials by Christian copy of the first papers, signed by Chriss ization record. He drove to Minden Schwier or letters from his family or Schwier on November 1, 1856. The and showed the photo to the clerk at friends in Germany have ever been papers indicate that he emigrated from a camera/photo shop. The clerk knew found. Therefore, in piecing together his Bremen around August 5, 1854, that the name Schwier but did not recognize story, we relied on family stories, public he intended to settle in Indiana, and the studio listed on the photo. Robert and church records, and genealogi­ that he renounced all allegiance to any then drove to Hille, where he found the cal data compiled by researchers and foreign power.4 name Schwier on several gravestones ourselves. Our first piece of evidence We knew from Robert’s parents that in the church cemetery. Six Schwiers was the naturalization record, so in Christian Schwier had first belonged to were listed in the small phone book, but early 1978 we visited the Indiana State Saint Paul Lutheran Church and later knowing no German, and it being late Archives, where we found a wooden Trinity Lutheran Church, both in India­ in the evening, he did not try to contact anyone.

54 THG: CONNECTIONS father. The change of name spelling can probably be explained by the English pronunciation.” So, by the time Robert returned home from Germany we knew that Frille, not Hille, was the place of birth we were seeking.8 The letter suggested we write to the pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran church in Frille and inquire about genea­ logical research work by someone in the community. This is how we came to hire Friedrich Beneke, a researcher and mem­ ber of the church, with whom we had a relationship for years. The informa­ tion Beneke sent us in September 1978 confirmed Christian’s birth year of 1831 and also gave the month and day of his birth, April 6. Also included were names of other Schwiers, some with birth and death dates going back to 1679. For the fifth generation and later, more com­ plete data was given.9 Christian was the son of Christian Dietrich Schwier (1779–1843) and his second wife, Sophie Böwerson. He had two brothers and one sister who did not survive childhood and four older half-brothers; the oldest was Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Schwier. In 1854, the year Christian left home, both of his parents were dead, and his oldest half- brother, who had married in 1844, had three sons.10 Author Robert Schwier found this photo among family papers in the 1970s. In 1986 he was There is a statement in Long Live given a second copy of the photograph by a distant relative in Frille, Germany, who stated America: Emigration from the District of that the photo was found in the attic of a house in Frille and was marked “Schwiers.” This Minden, 1816–1933, which may describe major coincidence leads us to speculate that Robert’s great-grandfather, Christian Schwier, Christian’s thoughts and plans and those brought the photo with him to Indianapolis; we wonder if it is a photo of Christian’s mother of hundreds of others like him: “Every- with two of her children. one wants to see it [America] with his own eyes and hopes to improve his situation.”11 We had written to the Nieder- overseas. It included this paragraph: Many people from the Frille church area sachsisches Staatsarchiv (state archive) “In the archives of the principality immigrated to Indiana, possibly encour­ for Bückeburg on May 21, 1978, a short of Schaumburg–Lippe, a notation is aging others to do the same. Although time before Robert’s trip, providing found dated 14-6-1854 that a Chris­ we do not know why Christian left Frille, Christian’s year and place of birth as tian Schweer from Frille No. 13 (street we know his immediate family had died, well as the date he arrived in the United names did not exist in small towns at and we assume he was healthy, willing States.7 The reply, dated May 30, 1978, that time) intended to travel to America. to work hard, and had the courage to did not arrive until Robert was already This could possibly be your great grand­

Fllintera /w 2013 55 Declaration of intention to become a U.S. citizen, also known as “first papers,” for Chriss Schwier, November 1, 1856 (Courtesy of Indiana State Archives)

56 THG: CONNECTIONS Fomr Frille to Indianapolis

uary 27, 1837, to Johann Christoph Bock and Christine Leonore (Rösener) Bock, of Wietersheim #7. This village is located three kilometers west of Frille and is a part of the Frille church parish. Christine had older twin brothers, Carl Heinrich Bock and Christian Friedrich Bock, born January 18, 1834. Their mother died a widow on November 24, 1848.18 Ac­ cording to Westphalian Emigration from the Administrative District of Minden, the ship on which he crossed the Atlantic twin boys emigrated in 1849. There is Ocean. no reference to Christine in this source. An entry for Christian Schwier in However, in Long Live America, there is Manufacturing and Mercantile Resources an entry for a Christine Bock emigrating of Indianapolis states that he “came to in 1857.19 While a Christian Bock is listed America in 1854, landing at New York in the Indianapolis city directories and City, from whence he came direct to in Indiana naturalization records, more Indianapolis.”15 Wanting more informa­ research may indicate other connections tion about his arrival in Indianapolis, we between the two brothers and Christine looked in Indianapolis city directories. Schwier. 20 The first directory was for 1855 and Records of Christian and Christine’s had an entry for “Sweare, C, drayman, first two children appear in Saint Paul’s From left to right: Researcher Friedrich Alabama, south of Merrill.” The spell­ baptism and death registers: Beneke, Maria Schwier Schaekel (Robert ing of the surname was different, so we Baptism Register 1859 Schwier’s cousin), and Robert Schwier, in kept looking. The entries we compiled in Frille, Germany, June 1979. Maria and Figure 1 (above) convinced us “C Sweare” 37. Christian Heinrich Schwier Robert share a common great-great-grand- may well be our Christian Schwier. Father: Christian Schwier. Mother: father, Christian Dietrick Schwier (January 3, Christine, née Bock. Born on No­ 1779–November 9, 1843). From family stories, Robert knew that his great-grandfather had been vember 10th, baptized in the house of the parents on December 4th in travel a long way to start a new life.12 in business with a Mr. Spier, who was During our research, we examined perhaps the neighbor noted above in passenger lists for ships sailing in 1854 the 1860 and 1861 city directories.16 A and found an entry for a C Schierers, “drayman” is a man who drives a cart, male, age twenty-three, on the ship today often called a teamster. A “dray” George William, which had sailed from is a low cart that can carry heavy loads. Bremen and arrived in New York.13 Within a few years of his arrival In 2012 we wrote to the Deutsches in Indianapolis, Christian started his Auswandererhaus (German Immigra­ own family, marrying Christine Bock tion Center) in Bremerhaven, Germany, on March 10, 1859. In the WPA Index asking for more information. The reply to Marriages for Marion County, her stated, “The ship ‘George William’ sailed name is given as Christine L. Box and from Bremerhaven (Bremen) under Cap­ his as Christian Sweir. The marriage is tain Joh. Dannenmann on August 6th in not listed in the records of Saint Paul 1854. C. Schierers arrived New York on German Evangelical Lutheran Church, September 18th.”14 Since the name, age, probably because Christian did not join Photo of Christian Schwier, author’s great- and dates are close to the information the church until the following year.17 grandfather, taken by F. S. Biddle Studio, we have for Christian, this may be the Christine Sophie Bock was born Jan­ Indianapolis, date unknown.

Fllintera /w 2013 57 family Records

the evening. Godfather: Heinrich Bock, brother of Mrs. Schwier

Death Register 1859 15. Christian Heinrich Schwier, infant son of Christian Schwier and his wife Christine, née Bock, died on December 8th and was buried in the local church cemetery on December 9th, with eulogy. Age of the child: 28 days

Death Register 1860 12. Stillborn infant son of Christian Schwier and his wife, née Bock, was bur­ ied in the local church cemetery on December Photo of Christian Schwier’s second grocery store. The 1883 volume of Resources and Industries of Indiana 10th in the afternoon.21 states that Christian built the business block from 516–520 East Washington Street in 1881. The building on the right that had housed the original grocery store was then remodeled for his family to live in. Pictured here are The couple had five more members of the Schwier family. When Christian died in 1895, this business was owned by him and his two sons, children, one of whom also Charles and Henry Schwier. died young: Henry Charles (May 7, 1862–March 22, 1935), Charles In 1881 Christian built a “fine brick According to Giles R. Hoyt, retired Henry (October 22, 1864–January 28, business block from 516 to 520” on East professor of history and German at Indi­ 1951), Fredrich (November 28, 1869– Washington Street, then remodeled and ana University–Purdue University, India­ November 23, 1870), Anna Christiana moved his residence into the building at napolis, this type of story is not unusual Elenor (April 10, 1873–November 20, 524 East Washington that had previ­ and is generally true, but the details 1954), and Emilie Elizabeth Sophie ously been used for the grocery store.23 are often exaggerated. The German (August 20, 1878–October 6, 1947).22 Like many immigrants, Christian may relatives may have sent money, but the have maintained contact with family amount of $300 may be unrealistic.24 Christian’s early employment in back home. Charles Henry, Christian’s In addition to his business interests, Indianapolis included railroad and dray­ second son and Robert’s grandfather, Christian was involved in his church ing work until he opened a small grocery occasionally told stories of old times. community. Saint Paul’s German store on East Washington Street. An One story he often told was about the Evangelical Lutheran Congregation, entry in the 1863 city directory for a German relatives sending a large sum of founded in 1843, was the first Missouri Schwear & Spier on East Washington money to help Christian get established Synod Lutheran church in Indianapolis. points to the beginning of this new after he moved to the United States. Christian Schwier joined as the ninety- adventure, less than ten years after his This money was to apologize for “ship­ first voting member on July 29, 1860. arrival. As we continued the search for ping him off” so suddenly years before. By 1872 the church had grown to the materials and information about Chris­ Christian was so offended by this letter point that its members were considering tian and his family, additional photos that he put a matching amount of $300 organization of a second congregation. were found in family collections, includ­ with it and sent it back. Needless to say, On December 28, 1873, Saint Paul’s ing a photo of the first store that clearly the returned letter ended any contact members received a motion to consider shows the Schwier name over the door. with the Schwiers in Germany. a division between members of the

58 THG: CONNECTIONS Fomr Frille to Indianapolis

north side and members of the south side. By March 1874 the two groups had resolved to a “peaceful and just division,” and the northsiders organized a new Trinity congregation with eighty charter voting members. They elected trustees and chose a building committee with five members, including Christian. He also served as one of three sub-treasur­ ers of the building committee. He was an active member in the church, being elected to four terms as treasurer.25 Later in life, illness took its toll on Christian. In a moment of temporary In 1986 seven American Schwier family members and more than thirty distant relatives liv- insanity, he tried to commit suicide ing in the greater Minden, Germany, area gathered on the lawn of the Evangelical Lutheran with a butcher knife, nearly severing church in Frille as photographers from a nearby city newspaper took their picture. his windpipe. Physicians at Dr. Pantze’s Sanitarium thought he would make a sold her interest in the store to her two ternoon and hired the student as transla­ full recovery; however, Christian died sons for $371.42. The document was tor. This was the beginning of a wonderful ten days later, on April 2, 1895, when his signed “with her mark” and witnessed friendship with the Wolfgang Balke family. 29 illness returned.26 by Fred Knefler on June 10, 1896. Our third visit, in 1986, was the most Christian was buried in the German In the process of discovering Chris­ important. We took our three children Evangelical Lutheran Cemetery in India­ tian’s story, we also developed relation­ and two of their spouses for a weekend napolis. Saint Paul German Evangelical ships with descendants of the Schwiers visit. Our translator was Dona Fisher Church had purchased land to begin who had remained in Germany. Robert’s Geyer, an Indianapolis native and good a cemetery in May 1870. Located a first visit to Frille was in 1979, after we friend who lives in Munich with her mile south of the Holy Cross and Saint received the first genealogical records German husband. We spent three days Joseph areas, it became known as the from Friedrich Beneke and knew that sightseeing with the German relatives, Lutheran Cemetery. Today, it has more the Schwier descendants wanted to but the highlight was the last evening. than doubled in size and is known as make contact with us. With Beneke We were given a framed photograph of Concordia Cemetery. A deed shows that as his guide, Robert toured the town, a woman and two children—the very Christian paid $600 for a lot in this cem­ visiting the site of the Schwier home same picture that Robert had found in etery. He also purchased a grave marker at Frille #13 and meeting his relatives his home in Indiana. We were told that on February 6, 1871, a few months after at the church. His distant cousin Maria the photo had been found in the attic his fifth child, Fredrich, died. This grave invited him to visit her family’s home of a house in Frille and was marked marker is with the Schwier burials in the and showed him her beautiful old family “Schwiers.” lot Christian purchased.27 spinning wheel, a prized possession. As many genealogists and family Christian’s will, dated January 31, Our next visit was in May 1981. historians have learned before us, the 1895, gave all of his property to his Marjorie spent a day at the state ar­ answer to one question opens the door wife, and after her death, decreed it be chives in Bückeburg, where a helpful, to many more. Our first suggestion to divided equally among his children.28 English-speaking director gave advice on someone interested in learning about Among the property Christine inherited where and how to research the Schwier their family history would be to attend was her husband’s one-third interest in ancestors. She asked if he would act as a class about local resources and do the grocery store on East Washington translator during their visit with the Ger­ some basic reading on where to begin Street. An inventory of the personal man relatives. He was unavailable, so he researching. A good starting point is to property, goods, wares, and merchan­ contacted a student who had been an au talk to and possibly record shared stories dise of the firm taken April 2, 1896, pair in the United States. Marjorie met of family members. Next, find out what tallies a total value of $1,114.25 Christine with the student and her mother that af­ is in those unlabeled boxes in the attic.

Fllintera /w 2013 59 family Records

who left in 1854.30 Countless similar 7. The Bückeburg archive’s address was stories have been written, and many located in Heinz F. Friederichs, How to remain to be discovered. After years of Find My German Ancestors and Rela- searching, it was satisfying to transform tives (Neustadt, West-Germany: Verlag Degener and Co., 1969), 12. Christian H. Schwier from a name on a 8. Dr. [first name unknown] Poestges, Nie- page into a real human being, raising a dersachsisches Staatsarchiv, Bückeburg, family and succeeding in Indianapolis, Germany, letter to authors, May 30, Indiana. 1978. 9. Friedrich Beneke, now deceased, lived Notes in Frille, Germany. In his research, Mr. 1. “Chriss Schwier,” Alien Report and Reg­ Beneke used church registers, which istry, Indiana, Supreme Court of Indiana, cover the years 1664 through 1908. The November 1, 1856, Marion County records are located in the archives of the Naturalization Records, Book A, p. 255, Evangelical Lutheran Church Parish of Indiana State Archives, Indianapolis. Frille, Mitteldorf 3,32469, Petershagen– 2. Christian Schwier, certificate of natu­ Frill, Germany. ralization, October 20, 1860, Marion 10. Ibid. County, Indiana, Circuit Court, Indiana 11. Wolfgang Riechmann, “Introduction,” State Archives. in Vivat Amerika: Auswanderung aud 3. “Chriss Schwier,” Alien Report and Reg­ dem Kreis Minden, 1816–1933 [Long Live istry. The naturalization process involved America: Emigration from the District of four steps, which produced the follow­ Minden, 1816–1933] (Mindener, Ger­ ing paperwork: alien report and registry, many: Geschichts–Verein, 1993), 605. declaration of intention to become a 12. According to Friedrich Beneke’s research On May 2, 1875, the cornerstone was laid citizen (also called “first papers”), peti­ in church and civil records in Germany, for the Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church tion for naturalization, and certificate more than one thousand persons from at the corner of Ohio and East Streets of naturalization. For more information, the Frille church parish moved to Indi­ in Indianapolis. Christian Schwier was a see M. Teresa Baer, “Naturalization founding member, serving on the build- ana (Beneke, letter to authors, February Records,” in Finding Indiana Ancestors: ing committee during construction and as 1980). A Guide to Historical Research, ed. ​ church treasurer for four terms thereafter. 13. Manifest, George William, September 18, M. Teresa Baer and Geneil Breeze (India­ Trinity’s congregation celebrated its centen- 1854, n.p., C. Schierers, age 23, database napolis: Indiana Historical Society Press, nial in 1975, but the building has since been for digital images of “New York, Passen­ 2007), 143–45. demolished. ger Lists, 1820–1957,” Ancestry.com. 4. Alan F. January, Indiana State Archives, 14. Katrin Quirin, Deutsches Auswander- enclosed a copy of the declaration of In Robert’s case, he found Christian’s erhaus, Bremerhaven, Germany, letter to intent in a letter to the authors of naturalization record in the bottom of a authors, May 2, 2012. April 12, 2012. box labeled “old paid bills.” If records are 15. Manufacturing and Mercantile Resources 5. Kirchenbuch Fuer Die Evang.-Luth. found, it is important to document in of Indianapolis, Indiana, vol. 4, Resources Dreieinigkeitz-Gemeinde [Registration detail their source and location. and Industries of Indiana (Indianapolis: Book for Trinity Lutheran Evangelical Historical and Statistical Corp., 1883), We were fortunate in many ways Church], Indianapolis, Indiana, Book 1, 583. during our search. We were grateful 1875, p. 10. The book is held at Trinity 16. The city directories referenced for that the Schwier descendants wanted Lutheran Church, 8540 East 16th Street, this section include the following, all to meet us and welcomed us into their Indianapolis. digitized by the Allen County [Indiana] 6. Joseph Thomas, ed., Lippincott’s Gazet- homes on many occasions, and we Public Library and available online at teer of the World: A Complete Pronounc- were blessed by finding helpful people , http://www.archive. ing Gazetteer or Geographical Dictionary at churches, libraries, and public offices. org/: Grooms & Smith Indianapolis City of the World (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippin­ We found translators when needed and Directory, City Guide, and Business Mirror, cott, 1902), 1262, researched by Ron E. were extremely lucky to have found Mr. 1855 (Indianapolis: A. C. Grooms and Sharp, Reference/Government Services, W. T. Smith, 1855), 167; A. C. Howard’s Beneke, who did excellent research work Indiana State Library, Indianapolis, and Directory for the City of Indianapolis for us. Our story is about a single person sent in an e-mail message to the au­ (Indianapolis: A. C. Howard, 1857), 185; out of more than 239,000 Germans thors, September 13, 2012. McEvoy’s Indianapolis City Directory and

60 THG: CONNECTIONS Fomr Frille to Indianapolis

Business Mirror for 1858–9 (Indianapolis: 293, translation by Brian Buuck, Blaine, 1895, witnessed by Henry C. Schwier, H. N. McEnvoy, 1859), 159; Sutherland . Marion County Circuit Court, India­ and McEvoy’s Indianapolis City Directory 22. Names and birth and death dates for napolis, Indiana State Library microfilm and Business Mirror, 1860 (Indianapolis: Christian and Christine Schwier’s five collection. Sutherland and McEvoy, 1860), 205, 217. children came from Robert’s mother, 29. Bill of sale from Christine Sophie Also James Southerland Co., Indianapolis Laura Leah (Adney) Schwier (April 23, Eleanore Schwier to Henry C. Schwier Directory and Business Mirror for 1861 1897–November 24, 1988), ca. 1974. and Charles H. Schwier, of one-third (Indianapolis: Bowen, Stewart, and Co., 23. Manufacturing and Mercantile Resources ownership of C. H. Schwier and Sons 1861), 226, 236, digitized by Indiana Uni­ of Indianapolis, 583; H. H. Dodd and Co.’s Retail Grocery and Meat Business for versity–Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis City Directory and Business the sum of $371.42, June 10, 1896. This Center for Digital Scholarship, http:// Mirror (Indianapolis: Harrison H. Dodd, document includes an inventory of the www.ulib.iupui.edu/digitalscholarship 1863), 72, Internet Archive, http://www property of C. H. Schwier and Sons at /collections/icd/. .archive.org/. the time of Christian Schwier’s death. 17. WPA Index to Marriage Records, Marion 24. Giles R. Hoyt, e-mail message to au­ It was found by the authors in a family County, 1856–1860 Inclusive, 1861–1865 thors, January 26, 2013. scrapbook and currently resides in their Inclusive, Letters A–Z Inclusive, vol. 25. A Century at Trinity (Indianapolis: Trinity care. 10, researched by Leigh Anne John­ Lutheran Church, 1975), 9–10; Manu- 30. Peter Marschalack, Deutsche Übersee- son, Genealogy Section, Indiana State facturing and Mercantile Resources of wanderung im 19. Jahrhundert [German Library, Indianapolis, and sent in an Indianapolis, 583. Overseas Migration in the Nineteenth e-mail message to authors, January 28, 26. “Grocer Schwier is Dead,” Indianapolis Century] (Klett–Cotta, 1973); Tanja 2013; Saint Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran Journal, April 3, 1895. Fittkau, Deutsches Auswandererhaus, Church Registration Book, Book 3, p. 1. 27. Alv. Mathaur, Concordia Cemetery Bremerhaven, Germany, e-mail message This book is located at the church, 3931 Association of Indianapolis, Indiana, to authors, June 11, 2013. MiCasa Avenue, Indianapolis. letter to authors, September 15, 1977, 18. The information for this section was regarding burial information for Schwier The editors would like to thank Elena Rip- compiled from genealogical work done family members in Concordia Ceme­ pel, graduate student in the public history program at Indiana University, Indianapo- by Friedrich Beneke in Frille, Germany, in tery; Tombstone for Fredrich Schwier, lis, for her assistance with translations for September 1978 and November 1980. November 28, 1869, to November 23, this article. For more information, see Note 9 above. 1870, Concordia Cemetery, 2706 South 19. Kelsey Lied, Saint Olaf Rolvaag Library, Meridian Street, Indianapolis; Wayne L. Northfield, Minnesota, e-mail mes­ Stanford, “Cemeteries,” in The En- Natives of Indianapolis, Marjorie and Rob- sage to authors, April 1, 2012, regard­ cyclopedia of Indianapolis, ed. David ert Schwier both graduated from Thomas ing Riechmann, “Introduction,” Vivat Bodenhamer and Robert G. Barrows Carr Howe High School in 1946. Marjorie Amerika, 366; Westfalische Auswan- (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, received a bachelor of arts degree from derer aus dem Regierungsbezik Minden 1994), 393; William Robeson Holloway, Indiana University in 1950. Robert gradu- ated from Rose Polytechnic Institute (now II [Westphalen Emigration from the Ad- Indianapolis: A Historical and Statistical Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology), ministrative District of Minden, Volume II], Sketch of the Railroad City, a Chronicle where he majored in chemical engineer- vol. 47/48 of Beiträge Zur Westfälischen of Its Social, Municipal, Commercial, and ing, in 1949. He also received a master of Familienforschung [Contributions to the Manufacturing Progress, with Full Statisti- business administration degree in 1951 Westphalian Family Research] (Munster, cal Tables (Indianapolis: Indianapolis from Indiana University.Working in the Germany: Aschendorff, 1989–90), 115; Journal Print, 1870), 262; Deed of sale packaging industry in Wisconsin, Robert Friedrich Beneke, Frille, Germany, letter from German Evangelical Lutheran conducted research and ran a laboratory, to authors, February 20, 1980. Cemetery to Christian Schwier and his among other assignments. He later wrote 20. A Christopher Bock appears in the 1861 heirs, Plot 9, Section 1, signed by Chas. F. a history of his navy experience during and 1862 editions of Polk’s Indianapolis Piel, president, and F. J. Meyer, secretary; the Korean War titled, “The Navy and City Directory. Two proceedings con­ deed of sale from B. O. Carpenter to Me.” Marge coauthored with her niece, cerning Christian Bock’s naturalization C. H. Schwier for one Italian marble Nina M. Ray, the feature article “A Heart process appear in the Marion County monument, Center Township, Indianap­ of Steel and the Father of a Governor: Common Pleas Court Order Book 3, p. olis, Marion County, Indiana, February 6, Searching for William Ray of County Down, 500, Indiana State Archives. According 1871. Ireland,” The Hoosier Genealogist 44, no. to this record, he was admitted as a 28. Christian H. Schwier: transcript of will, 1 (Spring 2004): 2–9. The Schwiers have citizen on July 24, 1856. January 1, 1895, Marion County, Indiana, been married sixty-three years. Currently 21. Saint Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran Probate Records, Book M, p. 96; Affida­ they are retired and live in , Registration Book, Book 1, pp. 113, 291, v­it of death and proof of will, April 15, Minnesota.

Fllintera /w 2013 61 Notices

INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY Deconstructing Your Family Tree: Re-evaluating the “Evidence” PROGRAMS The Indiana Historical Society presents Dr. Michael D. Lacopo in a lecture on rebuilding a fragmented family tree. The Midwestern Roots 2014 lecture will take place on May 17, 2014, from 10 a.m. to noon. The Indiana Historical Society Cost is $10, $8 for IHS members. Register online at http://www will present the Midwestern Roots .indianhistory.org or call (317) 232-1882 for more information. 2014 Family History and Geneal­ ogy Conference in Indianapolis on August 1 and 2, 2014. Pre- conference activities on July 31 AROUND INDIANA will include a workshop for people who work or volunteer with gene­ Crawfordsville Land Office Index Available Online alogy collections, computer labs, New material from the Crawfordsville Land Office is now and other sessions. Pre-conference available through the Indiana State Digital Archives. The activities conclude with The Great Crawfordsville Land Office Index includes more than 38,000 Google Earth Game Show with Lisa records of public land purchases and can be found at http:// Louise Cooke. www.digitalarchives.IN.gov. Many conference sessions will Collections by County Page Available from the focus on ever-changing online sources and emerging technol­ Indiana State Library ogy. Other session topics include photo preservation, DNA, The Indiana State Library’s Collections by County page is methodology, and using traditional sources. There will also now complete. Visit http://www.in.gov/library/4610.htm and be a wide range of nationally known speakers for this year’s click a county to see the library’s holdings relating to that conference including Warren Bittner, Lisa Louise Cooke, Amy county. Johnson Crow, Thomas MacEntee, James H. Madison, Anne Mitchell, Daniel S. Poffenberger, Curt B. Witcher, and others. IGS Conference Registration opens March 26, 2014. For more information The annual Indiana Genealogy Society meeting and con­ call (317) 232-1882 or visit http://www.indianahistory.org/ ference is scheduled for Saturday, April 5, 2014, at the Allen midwesternroots. Follow @IndianaHistory on and stay County Public Library in Fort Wayne, Indiana, with a seminar up-to-date on Midwestern Roots with hashtag #MWRoots. held the day before. Genealogist, lecturer, and author J. Mark Lowe is this year’s featured speaker. Session topics include: Genealogy Research Trip: The Good, Bad, and the Ugly using online newspapers to find early settlers, apps and pro­ grams for genealogists, document analysis, connecting with On April 26, 2014, the Indiana Historical Society is team­ distant cousins, finding freedmen marriage records, preserving ing up with professional genealogist Ann Wells to demonstrate your family history, untrapping yourself from bad research, how to prepare for and make the most of research trips. This and scanning and digitizing records on a low budget. Confer­ class will last from 10 a.m. to noon. Cost is $10, $8 for IHS ence sessions will be eligible for library education units. For members. Register online at http://www.indianhistory.org or further information or to register, visit http://www.indgensoc call (317) 232-1882 for more information. .org/conference.php.

62 THG: CONNECTIONS NATIONAL NEWS Center, 403 North Third Street, Richmond, VA 23219, or at the Marriott Hotel nearby. For more information or to register, Ancestry.com and FamilySearch Team Up visit the NGS website at http://conference.ngsgenealogy.org/. In September 2013 Ancestry.com and FamilySearch Palatines to America (PalAm) Conference International announced a collaborative plan to make approxi­ Palatines to America—German Genealogy Society will mately 1 billion global historical records from the FamilySearch hold its annual conference June 25–28, 2014, at the Ramada vault available online over the next five years. The two ser­ Plaza Columbus North, 4900 Sinclair Road, Columbus, Ohio. vices will work with the archive community to digitize, index, Speakers will include: Joseph Lieby, Lisa Long, Roger P. Minert, and publish these genealogical records. Earlier last year, the Robert Rau, Jenni Salamon, and Ken Smith. Conference activi­ two organizations announced plans to publish 140 million U.S. ties include thirteen sessions about German American history wills & probate images from 1800 to 1930 as well as indexes and research, a bus tour of the eastern section of the National for these digital collections over the next three years. Road, and research at the Columbus Metropolitan Library in Evangelical Lutheran Church Records the PalAm collection. For more information or to register, call Archives.com has released 4.6 million records from the 614-267-4700 or e-mail [email protected]. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America’s birth, marriage, and death record collections—records that have never before been available online. Records date from 1850 to 1940. For more BOOKS RECEIVED information or to search the records, visit www.archives.com. The editor of The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections accepts Fold3: Military Records Database contributions of books regarding Indiana and Midwestern Fold3 by Ancestry provides convenient access to US genealogy and history and other topics to list in the “Books military records, including the stories, photos, and personal Received” section. These books are placed either in the IHS documents of the men and women who have served. Fold3 Library, the Indiana State Library, or the Indianapolis Public features free membership as well as paid membership. All visi­ Library. The editor thanks the authors and publishers of the tors may research millions of original documents, most found books below for their most recent donations: nowhere else on the web, including Revolutionary War, Civil War, World War II, and Vietnam War collections. Visit http:// Barile, Mary Collins. Hooked Rugs of the Midwest: A Handcrafted His- tory. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2013. www.fold3.com/ for more information or to start researching. Callen, Cathy. Running out of Footprints. Newton, KS: Mennonite NGS 2014 Family History Conference Press, 2013. Gagel, Diane Vanskiver. Ohio Photographers, 1839–1900, 2nd ed. “Virginia: The First Frontier” is the title of the thirty-sixth Baltimore, MD: Clearfield, 2013. annual family history conference of the National Genealogi­ Hite, Richard. Sustainable Genealogy: Separating Fact from Fiction in cal Society to be held in Richmond, Virginia, May 7–10, 2014. Family Legends. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing, 2013. The local host is the Virginia Genealogical Society. Speakers Jackson, D. B. Thieftaker. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 2012. include David Rencher, Eric Grundset, and J. Mark Lowe. A ———. Thieves’ Quarry. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 2013. wide variety of topics will be discussed including records for Kuraishi, Sam. The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Oldest Documented Story in Virginia and neighboring states, migration into and out of the the History of Humankind. Chicago, IL: Metra Press, 2012. Quarantello, Richard. Surviving the War Zone: Growing Up in East New region, and using technology in research. Most of the confer­ York Brooklyn. Xlibris, 2013. ence events will be held at the Greater Richmond Convention

Fllintera /w 2013 63 Coming up next.…

Online Connections, Winter 2014

The next installment of Online Connections will be published C eNTRAL Indiana in February 2014. To see if your ancestors are listed, visit the In­ “Owen County, Bethany Presbyterian Church Records, 1820– diana Historical Society website, http://www.indianahistory.org/, 1834” by Kimberly E. Hunter and Christina R. Bunting click on Our Services, then Family History; next choose Family History Publications and Online Connections. Bookmark it to use S outhern Indiana again and again! “Washington County, Names in the 1915 Educational Report” by Chelsea Sutton and Christina R. Bunting Regional Sources and Stories N orTHERN Indiana Genealogy Across Indiana “Starke County, Names of Members of the Independent Order “Hoosier Baptists: The Coffee Creek Association with Names of Odd Fellows and Daughters of Rebekah Extracted from the Listed in Annual Meeting Minutes” by Timothy Mohon North Judson News, 1897–1902” by Christina R. Bunting and Natalie Burris Family Records “Dr. John Allen Williams Family Records, 1771–1951” by Callie McCune and Chelsea Sutton

The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections Spring/Summer 2014 Issue ciety o S tle i T ales H storical i il H merican M A ar ir ndiana F ST K ls EN I In the Spring/Summer 2014 issue of The Land Ordinance of 1785 estab­ The Regional Sources and Stories The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections fea­ lished the Rectangular Land Survey Department of the Spring/Summer 2014 ture writer Randy Mills explores the use System to describe the area of the issue carries a story about Washington of family letters to learn about ancestors Northwest Territory, out of which the County schools during the first sixteen in a personal way. Letters help us gain state of Indiana was carved. Read along years of the twentieth century. Chelsea a deeper understanding and a stronger in the next issue as Kevin Combs explores Sutton finds that the educational system empathy for those who lived before, the evolution and usage of terms related was in flux in this rural Indiana county, ultimately teaching us who WE are be­ to land measurement, description, and embracing both one-room schoolhouses cause of our ancestors’ experiences. ownership in Indiana. in the countryside and consolidated schools in the towns. INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

IMMERSE YOURSELF IN THE

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