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International Movement Animals Uf Y INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HEALTH ASPECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF ANIMALS UF Y PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 1969 J;'()r 11-n A 11 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HEALTH ASPECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF ANIMALS (San Antonio, Texas, 28-30 August 1968) -i ', 1 ' ' . í -' j,. 1 1 - - , 1, ' Scientific Publication No. 182 PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 525 Twenty-Third Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20037 introductory Note The Inter-American Symposium on Health Aspects of the International Move- ment of Animals, held in San Antonio, Texas, from 28 to 30 August 1968, was sponsoredjointly by the Pan American Health Organization and the Conference of Public Health Veterinarians. More than 160 specialistsfrom all parts of the Amer- icas attended the meeting. The 32 technical papers presented are compiled in this volume, together with the introductory statements and the summary of the pro- ceedings. The Symposium was partiallysupported by g~antsfrom the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (OAR) (Grant AF-AFOSR-68-1530), and from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (Grant DADA 17-68-G-9272), to which sincere appreciation is expressed. Special acknowledgment is due to the following agencies and institutione whose cooperation and support ensured the success of the meeting: American Cyanamid Company, Chamber of Commerce of the City of San Antonio, National Society for Medical Research, Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institutes of Health, University of Minnesota, and Veterinary Medical Association of Bezar County, Texas. ii CONTENTS Page Preface Abraham Horwitz, Director, Pan American Sanitary Bureau ................. v Remarks on the Importance of the Animal Industry to the Americas George L. Mehren ...................................................... ix SUMMARY Leonard M. Schuman ................................................... 3 I. INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF FOOD ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS Disease Problems Associated with the Importation and Exportation of Food Animals and Animal Products 1. The U.S. Viewpoint-Robert J. Anderson ................................. 21 2. The Brazilian Viewpoint-José da Faria.................................. 25 3. The Canadian Viewpoint-Kenneth F. Wells .............................. 29 4. The Venezuelan Viewpoint-Miguel Villegas Delgado....................... 32 Problems of Producersand Processors in the InternationalMovement of Food Animals and Animal Products 1. Problems of U.S. Cattlemen-C. W. McMillan............................ 43 2. Problems of Latin American Cattlemen-Octavio Ochoa y Ochoa............. 45 3. Problems Related to the Development and Integration of Latin America- Ruben Lombardo....................................................... 52 4. Problems of the Processors of Animal Products-J. W. Cunkelman.......... 58 Public Health Implications Associated with the International Movement of Food Animals and Animal products 1. Protecting the Consumer-Robert K. Somers .............................. 61 2. Preventive Measures: The United States-Benjamin D. Blood .............. 64 3. Preventive Measures: Latin America-Boris Szyfres ....................... 69 4. The Situation in Chile-Enrique Mora ................................... 73 II. INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Keynote Address: United States-William H. Stewart........................ 79 Keynote Address: Mexico-Pedro Daniel Martínez........................... 83 iii CONTENTS (cont.) Page Virus Diseases of Nonhuman Primates-S. Kalter............................ 86 Potential Public Health Hazard of Simian Malaria-PhillipB. Conran......... 100 Herpes Viral Diseases in New World Primates-Luis V. Meléndez .............. 103 Problems Related to the Importation-Exportation of Nonhuman Primates- William E. Greer ....................... ............................... 107 A Proposal for Federal Regulation of Primate Importation and Disease Control- Craig E. Pinkus......................... 111 Nonhuman Primate Colony: Construction and Operational Costs-Robert L. Hummer.............................................................. 126 Health Problems Related to the Importation-Exportation of Rodents for Research -Henry L. Foster..................................................... 132 Public Health Aspects of U.S. Quarantine Operations-John H. Richardson ..... 136 Health Aspects of the Movement of Disease Organisms and Vectors-John C. Jefferies.............................................................. 140 III. INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF EXOTIC ANIMALS Keynote Address-Harold Vagtborg......................................... 147 Disease Experience Associated with Zoological Park Importations-LeonardJ. Goss ................................................................. 150 Disease Associated with the Importation of Wildlife-Frank A. Hayes .......... 154 Diseases of the Auchenidae-Manuel Moro .................................. 158 World Reporting Service on the Status of Epizootics-R. Vittoz ................ 165 Disease Experience Associated with Importation of Psittaciformes-Paul Arnstein. 169 Hazards of Latent and Subclinical Viral Infections in Large Exotic Mammals- Lars H. Karstad....................................................... 172 Potential Health Hazards of Viral Diseases of Small Mammals-Merle L. Kuns.. 179 Import-Export Requirements for the Movement of Exotic Animals-Claude A. Smith ................................................................ 183 Appendix: List of Participants ............................................ 189 iv PREFACE Everything that leads to the creation or strengthening of the scientific and intellectual community of the Americas helps to forge the kind of future re- quired by the peoples of the Hemisphere and agreed to by their Governments. This is how we view this Symposium and its importance to the Americas. Dire consequences have arisen from the isolation and misunderstood nationalism which until recently prevailed among our countries. Today we are witnessing the development of a more just society, and we hope that the present era will eventually become a true epoch in history. But it is essential that that time be preceded by the formulation of a set of common ideals and purposes, by an identity of thoughts and activities, by a generous exchange of knowledge and experience, and by a genuine decision to have the common welfare prevail over personal interest and to have progress prevail over conventionalism. The eco- nomic interdependence and integration we are currently preaching is only an instrument for improving the living conditions of the people and for expanding social mobility, thus multiplying the opportunities for human beings to realize themselves and to build their own destinies. Each stage of this complex process is merely a means, and the means must not overshadow the end, which is, ultimately, the betterment of the human being. This is how we understand the significance of this Symposium and its im- portance to the Americas. Everything that will be analyzed here will, in addition to being useful to science and technology, be even more useful to health protec- tion, the promotion of development, the avoidance of risks to the economy, and the establishment of welfare. Whether you speak of exotic and experimental animals or of food animals and animal products as carriers of pathogenic micro- organisms, we find a single uniting thread of humanitarian purpose. This co- incides with the doctrine of the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization and explains our presence at this Symposium. It is no longer fitting for us to segregate the professions and their practitioners, either within countries or at the international level. There is no exclusive owner- ship of programs or functions. Both have acquired new dimensions, which are continent-wide in space, human in objective, and interdependent in action. Perhaps veterinary medicine is the science which best demonstrates the ecologic concept of health, that dynamic process which stems from the adaptation of living beings to their environment and its varied components. Health problems arising from that interaction-many of them brought about by man himself-can only be solved successfully in a multidisciplinary manner, on a single-program basis. Today's science and technology are pluralistic-that is to say, ever more diversified and universal-and their exercise requires the participation of various professions and their institutions. We must confess that we all have to learn how to perform this joint task and to act as a society of equals, animated by the same purpose. A glance at the agenda of this Symposium suffices to indicate this inescapable principle. v vi Preface The recommendations which will result from your discussion of each topic will be useful to both Governments and international agencies. It is easy to foresee how their systematic application will contribute to the gradual reduction of that truiy organized profusion of disease agents which piay such havoc with the economy. A Hemisphere with so much malnutrition cannot afford to waste the protein lost through foot-and-mouth disease, rabies, brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, hydatidosis, and other parasitic diseases. Even a most conservative
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