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Risk Factors and Outcomes of Rapid Correction of Severe Hyponatremia
Article Risk Factors and Outcomes of Rapid Correction of Severe Hyponatremia Jason C. George ,1 Waleed Zafar,2 Ion Dan Bucaloiu,1 and Alex R. Chang 1,2 Abstract Background and objectives Rapid correction of severe hyponatremia can result in serious neurologic complications, including osmotic demyelination. Few data exist on incidence and risk factors of rapid 1Department of correction or osmotic demyelination. Nephrology, Geisinger Medical Center, Design, setting, participants, & measurements In a retrospective cohort of 1490 patients admitted with serum Danville, , Pennsylvania; and sodium 120 mEq/L to seven hospitals in the Geisinger Health System from 2001 to 2017, we examined the 2 incidence and risk factors of rapid correction and osmotic demyelination. Rapid correction was defined as serum Kidney Health . Research Institute, sodium increase of 8 mEq/L at 24 hours. Osmotic demyelination was determined by manual chart review of Geisinger, Danville, all available brain magnetic resonance imaging reports. Pennsylvania Results Mean age was 66 years old (SD=15), 55% were women, and 67% had prior hyponatremia (last outpatient Correspondence: sodium ,135 mEq/L). Median change in serum sodium at 24 hours was 6.8 mEq/L (interquartile range, 3.4–10.2), Dr. Alexander R. Chang, and 606 patients (41%) had rapid correction at 24 hours. Younger age, being a woman, schizophrenia, lower Geisinger Medical , Center, 100 North Charlson comorbidity index, lower presentation serum sodium, and urine sodium 30 mEq/L were associated Academy Avenue, with greater risk of rapid correction. Prior hyponatremia, outpatient aldosterone antagonist use, and treatment at an Danville, PA 17822. academic center were associated with lower risk of rapid correction. -
Expert System for Mouth Problems in (Stomatitis and Tongue) Disease
International Journal of Academic Information Systems Research (IJAISR) ISSN: 2643-9026 Vol. 4, Issue 4, April – 2020, Pages: 36-43 Expert System for Mouth Problems in (Stomatitis and Tongue) Disease Yomna Riyad Al-astal Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine Abstract: Background: The mouth is a breeding ground for good and bad bacteria, it is active all the time and can attack your healthy teeth at any time, and the wrong dependence is always that brushing your teeth only is sufficient. There are many factors that affect the health of your mouth including speech, chewing, aging, etc., and since it is extremely important that we keep them clean. There are many health problems that may affect the mouth, tongue, and gums, and in this article we will learn about a list of the most prominent of these problems and ways of dealing with them. Many people suffer from mouth problems, including Stomatitis and tongue (mouth ulcers and tongue, erosive ulcers, or aphthous ulcers), which is the appearance of small, painful ulcers inside the mouth that usually begin in childhood and recurrence frequently. In this paper an expert system is designed to help users correctly diagnose oral. OBJECTIVES: This paper will solve the problems of treatment for Stomatitis and tongue through correct diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: In this paper, we introduce an expert system for diagnosing Stomatitis and tongue that will help clinicians explore everything related to Stomatitis and tongue . We look forward to providing simplified answers. The proposed expert system for Stomatitis and tongue was applied using a disease diagnosis using the SL5 Object Expert System Language. -
Ergot Alkaloids Mycotoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Derived Food Products: Characteristics, Toxicity, Prevalence, and Control Strategies
agronomy Review Ergot Alkaloids Mycotoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Derived Food Products: Characteristics, Toxicity, Prevalence, and Control Strategies Sofia Agriopoulou Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; [email protected]; Tel.: +30-27210-45271 Abstract: Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are a group of mycotoxins that are mainly produced from the plant pathogen Claviceps. Claviceps purpurea is one of the most important species, being a major producer of EAs that infect more than 400 species of monocotyledonous plants. Rye, barley, wheat, millet, oats, and triticale are the main crops affected by EAs, with rye having the highest rates of fungal infection. The 12 major EAs are ergometrine (Em), ergotamine (Et), ergocristine (Ecr), ergokryptine (Ekr), ergosine (Es), and ergocornine (Eco) and their epimers ergotaminine (Etn), egometrinine (Emn), egocristinine (Ecrn), ergokryptinine (Ekrn), ergocroninine (Econ), and ergosinine (Esn). Given that many food products are based on cereals (such as bread, pasta, cookies, baby food, and confectionery), the surveillance of these toxic substances is imperative. Although acute mycotoxicosis by EAs is rare, EAs remain a source of concern for human and animal health as food contamination by EAs has recently increased. Environmental conditions, such as low temperatures and humid weather before and during flowering, influence contamination agricultural products by EAs, contributing to the Citation: Agriopoulou, S. Ergot Alkaloids Mycotoxins in Cereals and appearance of outbreak after the consumption of contaminated products. The present work aims to Cereal-Derived Food Products: present the recent advances in the occurrence of EAs in some food products with emphasis mainly Characteristics, Toxicity, Prevalence, on grains and grain-based products, as well as their toxicity and control strategies. -
Focus on Over-The-Counter Drugs' Misuse: a Systematic Review On
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW published: 07 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.657397 Focus on Over-the-Counter Drugs’ Misuse: A Systematic Review on Antihistamines, Cough Medicines, and Decongestants Fabrizio Schifano 1, Stefania Chiappini 1,2*, Andrea Miuli 2, Alessio Mosca 2, Maria Chiara Santovito 2, John M. Corkery 1, Amira Guirguis 3, Mauro Pettorruso 2, Massimo Di Giannantonio 2 and Giovanni Martinotti 2 1 Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy, 3 Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences 2, Swansea Edited by: University, Swansea, United Kingdom Nicolas Simon, Aix Marseille Université, France Background: Over the past 20 years or so, the drug misuse scenario has seen the Reviewed by: Nicolas Franchitto, emergence of both prescription-only and over-the-counter (OTC) medications being Université Toulouse III Paul reported as ingested for recreational purposes. OTC drugs such as antihistamines, Sabatier, France Oussama Kebir, cough/cold medications, and decongestants are reportedly the most popular in being Institut National de la Santé et de la diverted and misused. Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France Objective: While the current related knowledge is limited, the aim here was to *Correspondence: examine the published clinical data on OTC misuse, focusing on antihistamines Stefania Chiappini (e.g., diphenhydramine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine, and dimenhydrinate), [email protected] dextromethorphan (DXM)- and codeine-based cough medicines, and the nasal Specialty section: decongestant pseudoephedrine. This article was submitted to Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out with the help of Scopus, Addictive Disorders, a section of the journal Web of Science databases, and the related gray literature. -
Ep001476158b1*
(19) *EP001476158B1* (11) EP 1 476 158 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61K 31/455 (2006.01) A61P 29/00 (2006.01) 14.11.2007 Bulletin 2007/46 A61P 11/00 (2006.01) C07D 405/12 (2006.01) C07D 213/82 (2006.01) C07D 401/12 (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 03739392.3 C07D 451/04 (22) Date of filing: 03.02.2003 (86) International application number: PCT/IB2003/000439 (87) International publication number: WO 2003/068235 (21.08.2003 Gazette 2003/34) (54) NICOTINAMIDE DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS PDE4 INHIBITORS NICOTINAMID-DERIVATE ALS PDE4-HEMMER DERIVES DE NICOTINAMIDE UTILES COMME INHIBITEURS DE PDE4 (84) Designated Contracting States: • HENDERSON, A.J., AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR c/o UK Patent Dept., HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SI SK TR Pfizer Ltd. Designated Extension States: Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ (GB) AL LT LV MK RO • MAGEE, T.V., c/o Pfizer Global Res. and Develop. (30) Priority: 11.02.2002 GB 0203196 Groton, CT 06340 (US) 10.09.2002 GB 0220999 • MARFAT, A., 21.10.2002 GB 0224453 c/o Pfizer Global Res. and Develop. 20.11.2002 GB 0227139 Groton, CT 06340 (US) • MATHIAS, J.P., (43) Date of publication of application: c/o Pfizer Global Res. and Develop. 17.11.2004 Bulletin 2004/47 Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ (GB) (73) Proprietors: • MCLEOD, D.G., • Pfizer Limited c/o Pfizer Global Res. -
The Notification of Injuries from Hazardous Substances
The Notification of Injuries from Hazardous Substances Draft Guidelines and Reference Material for Public Health Services To be used to assist in a pilot study from July – December 2001 April 2001 Jeff Fowles, Ph.D. Prepared by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Limited Under contract by the New Zealand Ministry of Health DISCLAIMER This report or document ("the Report") is given by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited ("ESR") solely for the benefit of the Ministry of Health, Public Health Service Providers and other Third Party Beneficiaries as defined in the Contract between ESR and the Ministry of Health, and is strictly subject to the conditions laid out in that Contract. Neither ESR nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for use of the Report or its contents by any other person or organisation. Guidelines for the Notification of Injuries from Hazardous Substances April 2001 Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank Dr Michael Bates and Melissa Perks (ESR), Sally Gilbert and Helen Saba (Ministry of Health), Dr Donald Campbell (Midcentral Health), Dr Deborah Read (ERMANZ), and Dr Nerida Smith (National Poisons Centre) for useful contributions and helpful suggestions on the construction of these guidelines. Guidelines for the Notification of Injuries from Hazardous Substances April 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................1 -
Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatremia Melinda Johnson, MD, FHM, FACP, FPHM Associate Professor, Internal Medicine University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Iowa Research Online UPDATED Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatremia Melinda Johnson, MD, FHM, FACP, FPHM Associate Professor, Internal Medicine University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Hyponatremia Low serum Normal or high osmolality serum <280 mOsm/kg osmolality Pseudo- Euvolemic Hypervolemic Redistributive Hypovolemic hyponatremia Una <20 mEq/L Una >20 mEq/L Una >20, Uosm Una >20, Uosm Una<20 mEq/L Una>20 mEq/L Uosm >300 Uosm <100 Hyperlipidemia Hyperglycemia <100 mOsm/kg >300 mOsm/kg mOsm/kg mOsm/kg Mannitol, Drug effect maltose, Advanced renal Hyper- Dehydration (thiazides, ACE- Beer potomania SIADH CHF sucrose, glycine, failure proteinemia I) or sorbitol administration Salt-wasting Psychogenic Diarrhea Postoperative Liver disease Biliary Azotemia nephropathies polydipsia Mineralocorti- Hypo- Nephrotic Alcohol Vomiting coid deficiency thyroidism syndrome intoxication Drug effect Cerebral (thiazides, ACE- sodium-wasting I) Adrenocorticotr opin deficiency Hyponatremia Serum sodium concentration <135 mEq/L Severe hyponatremia <120 mEq/L Disorder of water, not salt Occurs in ~15% of all hospital inpatients Increased morbidity and mortality Symptoms depend on rate of fall 1 Total Body Water Intracellular Interstitial Intravascular •Water load, causing decreased serum Sosm osmolality •Leading to suppressed ADH ADH (vasopressin) •Leading to water excretion in dilute Uosm urine (decreased Uosm) Impaired Renal Water Excretion 1. Inability to -
Clinioal and Pathologioal Notes on Trenoh Nephritis
CLINIOAL AND PATHOLOGIOAL NOTES ON TRENOH NEPHRITIS By W. H. TYTLER AND J. A. RYLE With Plates 1-4 THE condition known as 'trench nephritis' or 'war nephritis' has been the subject of so much investigation, and of so many contributions to the medical literature, that the mere routine clinical and pathological examination of a series of cases, carried out under the conditions of work at a Casualty Clearing Station, cannot be expected to add much that is new to the knowledge of the disease. The present paper makes no pretensions to a solution of the main problems of the subject, but has the object only of presenting the clinical features in a considerable number of cases observed during the early stages, and of putting on record the results of pathological examination in a series of cases which terminated fatally within the first three weeks of the disease. The clinical notes are based on a series of 150 cases, all of which were under the direct care of one of us (J. A. R.). They represent the cases of this type of nephritis admitted to one Casualty Clearing Station during the early months of 1916 'and the entire winter of 1916-17. They were all cases presenting con stitutional symptoms as well as albuminuria, no cases being included of the prevalent albuminuria without indisposition, and none of the so-called' lower tract ' cases. The fatal cases on which the autopsies reported were performed were collected from several Casualty Clearing Stations and field ambulances. For the opportunity of examining them we are indebted to the medical officers who had charge of them, Their names are too numerous to permit of individual acknowledgement. -
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A CATALOG OF THE COLEÓPTERA OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO FAMILY: CIIDAE «-su* CL«. ,- -î Ï* r~- CÜ^' ■ i ' ■"" ^ r-oOD r"*^^ ~CJ» c:' ^ZD"^,^ CO' ./S^ UNITED STATES AGRICULTURE PREPARED BY (fyj) DEPARTMENT OF HANDBOOK AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURE NUMBER 529-105 RESEARCH SERVICE FAMILIES OF COLEóPTERA IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO Fascicle ' Family Year issued Fascicle ' Family Year issued Fascicle ' Family Year issued 1 Cupedidae 1979 45 Chelonariidae 98 Endomychidae __ 2 Micromalthidae 46 Callirhipidae 100 Lathridiidae 3 Carabidae 47 Heteroceridae 1978 102 Biphyllidae 4 Rhysodidae 48 Limnichidae 103 Byturidae 5 Amphizoidae 49 Dryopidae 104 Mycetophagidae 6 Haliplidae 50 Elmidae 105 Ciidae 1982 8 Noteridae 51 Buprestidae 107 Prostomidae 9 Dytiscidae 52 Cebrionidae 10 Gyrinidae 53 Elateridae 109 Colydiidae 13 Sphaeriidae 54 Throscidae 110 Mononunatidae 14 Hydroscaphidae 55 Cerophytidae 111 Cephaloidae 15 Hydraenidae 56 Perothopidae 112 Zopheridae 16 Hydrophilidae 57 Eucnemidae 115 Tenebrionidae _ _ 17 Georyssidae 58 —Telegeusidae 116 Alleculidae 18 Sphaeritidae 61 Phengodidae 117 -Lasriidae 20 Histeridae 62 Lampyridae 118 Salpingidae 21 Ptiliidae 63 Cantharidae 119 Mycteridae 22 Limulodidae 64 Lycidae 120 Pyrochroidae _— 23-__-Dasycendae 65 Derodontidae 121 Othniidae 24 Micropeplidae 66 Nosodendridae 122 Inopeplidae 25 -Leptinidae 67 Dermestidae 123 Oedemeridae ___ 26 Leiodidae 69 Ptinidae 124 Melandryidae __ 27 Scydmaenidae 70 Anobiidae 125 Mordellidae 28 Silphidae 71 Bostrichidae 126 Rhipiphoridae __ 29 Scaphidiidae 72 Lyctidae 127_ _- Meloidae -
Hallucinogens: a Cause of Convulsive Ergot Psychoses
Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 6-1976 Hallucinogens: a Cause of Convulsive Ergot Psychoses Sylvia Dahl Winters Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Psychiatry Commons Recommended Citation Winters, Sylvia Dahl, "Hallucinogens: a Cause of Convulsive Ergot Psychoses" (1976). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 976. https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/976 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT HALLUCINOGENS: A CAUSE OF CONVULSIVE ERGOT PSYCHOSES By Sylvia Dahl Winters Ergotism with vasoconstriction and gangrene has been reported through the centuries. Less well publicized are the cases of psychoses associated with convulsive ergotism. Lysergic acid amide a powerful hallucinogen having one.-tenth the hallucinogenic activity of LSD-25 is produced by natural sources. This article attempts to show that convulsive ergot psychoses are mixed psychoses caused by lysergic acid amide or similar hallucinogens combined with nervous system -
Diagnosis of Lingual Atrophic Conditions: Associations with Local and Systemic Factors
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] The Open Dentistry Journal, 2016, 10, 619-635 619 The Open Dentistry Journal Content list available at: www.benthamopen.com/TODENTJ/ DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010619 REVIEW ARTICLE Diagnosis of Lingual Atrophic Conditions: Associations with Local and Systemic Factors. A Descriptive Review M. Erriu1,*, F.M.G. Pili1, S. Cadoni2 and V. Garau1 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy 2Digestive Endoscopy Unit, S. Barbara Hospital, Iglesias (CA), Italy Received: April 03, 2016 Revised: October 09, 2016 Accepted: October 15, 2016 Abstract: Atrophic glossitis is a condition characterised by absence of filiform or fungiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Consequently, the ordinary texture and appearance of the dorsal tongue, determined by papillary protrusion, turns into a soft and smooth aspect. Throughout the years, many factors, both local and systemic, have been associated with atrophic glossitis as the tongue is currently considered to be a mirror of general health. Moreover, various tongue conditions were wrongly diagnosed as atrophic glossitis. Oral involvement can conceal underlying systemic conditions and, in this perspective, the role of clinicians is fundamental. Early recognition of oral signs and symptoms, through a careful examination of oral anatomical structures, plays a crucial role in providing patients with a better prognosis. Keywords: Atrophic tongue, Gastrointestinal disease, Infections, Nutritional deficiency, Systemic conditions. 1. INTRODUCTION Due to its proximity to the respiratory tract and its continuity with gastrointestinal system, as well as its participation in speech articulation, the oral cavity assumes a crucial role in many physiologic processes1, 2]. [ Additionally, a great variety of systemic disorders have been associated with specific or nonspecific oral changes and, in many circumstances, the oral cavity becomes an important diagnostic area. -
Recreational Use of Popular Otc Drugs – Pharmacological Review
FARMACIA, 2018, Vol. 66, 2 REVIEW RECREATIONAL USE OF POPULAR OTC DRUGS – PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW PIOTR JAKUBOWSKI *, PUCHAŁA ŁUKASZ, GRZEGORZEWSKI WALDEMAR Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Aleja Warszawska 30, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland *corresponding author: [email protected] Manuscript received: June 2017 Abstract Over-the-counter medicines use disorder is a serious and growing health problem affecting mainly adolescents. Drugs from many therapeutic classes, including antitussive agents such as dextromethorphan and codeine, antihistamine drugs diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate, nasal decongestant pseudoephedrine and anti-inflammatory drug benzydamine are used for this purpose. Habitual users of most of these drugs can develop symptoms of substance dependence. When used in large quantities, these drugs can cause numerous toxic effects, including death. Recently many countries introduced legal restrictions in codeine, dextromethorphan and pseudoephedrine sales. Rezumat Abuzul de medicamente eliberate fără rețetă reprezintă o problemă gravă a sănătății care afectează în principal adolescenții. În acest scop, sunt utilizate medicamente din mai multe clase terapeutice, incluzând agenți antitusivi precum dextrometorfan și codeină, medicamente antihistaminice difenhidramină și dimenhidrinat, pseudoefedrină decongestionant nazal și benzidamină medicament antiinflamator. Utilizatorii obișnuiți ai majorității acestor medicamente pot dezvolta simptome de