English 2005
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Crimes in Burma
Crimes in Burma A Report By Table of Contents Preface iii Executive Summary 1 Methodology 5 I. History of Burma 7 A. Early History and Independence in 1948 7 B. Military Rule: 1962-1988 9 C. The 1988 Popular Uprising and Democratic Elections in 1990 11 D. Military Rule Since 1988 12 II. International Criminal Law Framework 21 A. Crimes Against Humanity: Chapeau or Common Elements 24 B. War Crimes: Chapeau or Common Elements 27 C. Enumerated or Prohibited Acts 30 III. Human Rights Violations in Burma 37 A. Forced Displacement 39 B. Sexual Violence 51 C. Extrajudicial Killings and Torture 64 D. Legal Evaluation 74 ii Preface IV. Precedents for Action 77 A. The Security Council’s Chapter VII Powers 78 B. The Former Yugoslavia 80 C. Rwanda 82 D. Darfur 84 E. Burma 86 Conclusion 91 Appendix 93 Acknowledgments 103 Preface For many years, the world has watched with horror as the human rights nightmare in Burma has unfolded under military rule. The struggle for democracy of Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and other political prisoners since 1988 has captured the imagination of people around the world. The strength of Buddhist monks and their Saffron Revolution in 2007 brought Burma to the international community’s attention yet again. But a lesser known story—one just as appalling in terms of human rights—has been occurring in Burma over the past decade and a half: epidemic levels of forced labor in the 1990s, the recruitment of tens of thousands of child soldiers, widespread sexual violence, extrajudicial killings and torture, and more than a million displaced persons. -
Important Facts About the 2015 General Election Enlightened Myanmar Research Foundation - Emref
Important Facts about the 2015 Myanmar General Election Enlightened Myanmar Research Foundation (EMReF) 2015 October Important Facts about the 2015 General Election Enlightened Myanmar Research Foundation - EMReF 1 Important Facts about the 2015 General Election Enlightened Myanmar Research Foundation - EMReF ENLIGHTENED MYANMAR RESEARCH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT FOUNDATION (EMReF) This report is a product of the Information Enlightened Myanmar Research Foundation EMReF is an accredited non-profit research Strategies for Societies in Transition program. (EMReF has been carrying out political-oriented organization dedicated to socioeconomic and This program is supported by United States studies since 2012. In 2013, EMReF published the political studies in order to provide information Agency for International Development Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar (2010- and evidence-based recommendations for (USAID), Microsoft, the Bill & Melinda Gates 2012). Recently, EMReF studied The Record different stakeholders. EMReF has been Foundation, and the Tableau Foundation.The Keeping and Information Sharing System of extending its role in promoting evidence-based program is housed in the University of Pyithu Hluttaw (the People’s Parliament) and policy making, enhancing political awareness Washington's Henry M. Jackson School of shared the report to all stakeholders and the and participation for citizens and CSOs through International Studies and is run in collaboration public. Currently, EMReF has been regularly providing reliable and trustworthy information with the Technology & Social Change Group collecting some important data and information on political parties and elections, parliamentary (TASCHA) in the University of Washington’s on the elections and political parties. performances, and essential development Information School, and two partner policy issues. -
Gold Mining in Shwegyin Township, Pegu Division (Earthrights International)
Accessible Alternatives Ethnic Communities’ Contribution to Social Development and Environmental Conservation in Burma Burma Environmental Working Group September 2009 CONTENTS Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... iii About BEWG ................................................................................................. iii Executive Summary ...................................................................................... v Notes on Place Names and Currency .......................................................... vii Burma Map & Case Study Areas ................................................................. viii Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Arakan State Cut into the Ground: The Destruction of Mangroves and its Impacts on Local Coastal Communities (Network for Environmental and Economic Development - Burma) ................................................................. 2 Traditional Oil Drillers Threatened by China’s Oil Exploration (Arakan Oil Watch) ........................................................................................ 14 Kachin State Kachin Herbal Medicine Initiative: Creating Opportunities for Conservation and Income Generation (Pan Kachin Development Society) ........................ 33 The Role of Kachin People in the Hugawng Valley Tiger Reserve (Kachin Development Networking Group) ................................................... 44 Karen -
TANINTHARYI REGION, MYEIK DISTRICT Palaw Township Report
THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census TANINTHARYI REGION, MYEIK DISTRICT Palaw Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Tanintharyi Region, Myeik District Palaw Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1 : Map of Tanintharyi Region, showing the townships Palaw Township Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 93,438 2 Population males 45,366 (48.6%) Population females 48,072 (51.4%) Percentage of urban population 20.3% Area (Km2) 1,652.3 3 Population density (per Km2) 56.6 persons Median age 22.9 years Number of wards 5 Number of village tracts 20 Number of private households 18,525 Percentage of female headed households 24.2 % Mean household size 5.0 persons4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 35.7% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 58.8% Elderly population (65+ years) 5.5% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 70.1 Child dependency ratio 60.7 Old dependency ratio 9.4 Ageing index 15.5 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 94 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 94.4% Male 94.9% Female 94.0% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 9,018 9.7 Walking 3,137 3.4 Seeing 5,655 6.1 Hearing 2,464 2.6 Remembering 2,924 3.1 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny 51,835 -
Literature for the SECU Desk Review Dear Paul, Anne and the SECU
Literature for the SECU Desk Review Dear Paul, Anne and the SECU team, We are writing to you to provide you with what we consider to be important documents in your investigation into community complaints of the Ridge to Reef Project. The following documents provide background to the affected community and the political situation in Tanintharyi Region, on the history and design of the project, on the grievances and concerns of the local community with respect to the project, and aspirations and efforts of indigenous communities who are working towards an alternative vision of conservation in Tanintharyi Region. The documents mentioned in this letter are enclosed in this email. All documents will be made public. Background to the affected community Tanintharyi Region is home to one of the widest expanses of contiguous low to mid elevation evergreen forest in South East Asia, home to a vast variety of vulnerable and endangered flora and fauna species. Indigenous Karen communities have lived within this landscape for generations, managing land and forests under customary tenure systems that have ensured the sustainable use of resources and the protection of key biodiversity, alongside forest based livelihoods. The region has a long history of armed conflict. The area initially became engulfed in armed conflict in December 1948 when Burmese military forces attacked Karen Defence Organization outposts and set fire to several villages in Palaw Township. Conflict became particularly bad in 1991 and 1997, when heavy attacks were launched by the Burmese military against KNU outposts, displacing around 80,000 people.1 Throughout the conflict communities experienced many serious human rights abuses, many villages were burnt down, and tens of thousands of people were forced to flee to the Thai border, the forest or to government controlled zones.2 Armed conflict came to a halt in 2012 following a bi-lateral ceasefire agreement between the KNU and the Myanmar government, which was subsequently followed by KNU signing of the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement in 2015. -
English 2014
The Border Consortium November 2014 PROTECTION AND SECURITY CONCERNS IN SOUTH EAST BURMA / MYANMAR With Field Assessments by: Committee for Internally Displaced Karen People (CIDKP) Human Rights Foundation of Monland (HURFOM) Karen Environment and Social Action Network (KESAN) Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) Karen Offi ce of Relief and Development (KORD) Karen Women Organisation (KWO) Karenni Evergreen (KEG) Karenni Social Welfare and Development Centre (KSWDC) Karenni National Women’s Organization (KNWO) Mon Relief and Development Committee (MRDC) Shan State Development Foundation (SSDF) The Border Consortium (TBC) 12/5 Convent Road, Bangrak, Suite 307, 99-B Myay Nu Street, Sanchaung, Bangkok, Thailand. Yangon, Myanmar. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.theborderconsortium.org Front cover photos: Farmers charged with tresspassing on their own lands at court, Hpruso, September 2014, KSWDC Training to survey customary lands, Dawei, July 2013, KESAN Tatmadaw soldier and bulldozer for road construction, Dawei, October 2013, CIDKP Printed by Wanida Press CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Context .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ -
Endline Survey Report
Endline Survey Report For the Enhanced Livelihoods for Displaced People Project July 2020 Compiled by Contents page List of Abbreviations 3 Executive Summary 4 Key Findings according to defined project outcomes 4 Baseline – Endline Comparison 7 Introduction 8 Endline Survey Methodology 10 Endline Survey Findings 11 Findings on Gender and Socio-Economic Factors 11 Gender Roles Domestic Violence Level of Education in Respondents Respondents’ perceptions of the Impact NGOs and Private Businesses have on Community Development Income Situation of IDP communities 14 Food Security 18 Vocational Training Program 19 Natural Resource Management 21 Land Security and Public Sector Services 22 Community Organization Migration 25 Peace and Conflict Situation 26 Representation of Community Interests The Relationship between Local Authorities in Tanintharyi Region Community-level Relationships Summary and Conclusion 30 Annexes 32 Annex 1: Most-Significant Change Stories 33 Annex 2: List of Enumerators 43 Annex 3: End Line Survey Sample Size and Village List 44 List of Abbreviations CBO Community Based Organization MPSI Myanmar Peace Support Initiative CC Covenant Consult MSC Most Significant Change Stories CFC Community Forestry Certificate MTR Midterm Review CVTC Community Vocational Training Centre NGO Non-Governmental Organization ELDP Enhanced Livelihoods for Displaced OECD DAC Organization for Economic Co- People (project) operation and Development – Development Assistance Committee FGD Focus Group Discussion SRG Self-Reliance Group FMO Fund Management -
PA) PROFILES LENYA LANDSCAPE (“R2R Lenya”, Aka Lenya Proposed Protected Area, Which Is Currently Lenya Reserved Forest
ANNEX 11: Lenya Profile LANDSCAPE / SEASCAPE AND PROTECTED AREA (PA) PROFILES LENYA LANDSCAPE (“R2R Lenya”, aka Lenya Proposed Protected Area, which is currently Lenya Reserved Forest) Legend for this map of Lenya Landscape is provided at the end of this annex. I. Baseline landscape context 1. 1 Defining the landscape: Lenya Landscape occupies the upper Lenya River Basin in Kawthaung District, and comprises the Lenya Proposed National Park (LPNP), which was announced in 2002 for the protection of Gurney’s pitta and other globally and nationally important species, all of which still remain (see below). The LPNP borders align with those of the Lenya Reserve Forest (RF) under which the land is currently classified, however its status as an RF has to date not afforded it the protection from encroachment and other destructive activities to protect the HCVs it includes. The Lenya Proposed National Park encompasses an area of 183,279ha directly south of the Myeik-Kawthaung district border, with the Lenya Proposed National Park Extension boundary to the north, the Parchan Reserve Forest to the south and the Thai border to the east. The site is located approximately 260km south of the regional capital of Dawei and between 20-30km east of the nearest administrative town of Bokpyin. Communities are known to reside within the LPNP area as well as on its immediate boundaries across the LPNP. Some small settled areas can be found in the far south-east, along the Thai border, where heavy encroachment by smallholder agriculture can also be found and where returning Myanmar migrants to Thailand may soon settle; Karen villages which have resettled (following the signing of a peace treaty between the Karen National Union (KNU) and the Myanmar government) on land along the Lenya River extending into the west of LPNP; and in the far north where a significant number of hamlets (in addition to the Yadanapon village) have developed in recent years along the the Yadanapon road from Lenya village to Thailand. -
3 Sides to Every Story
33 SSIDES TO EEVERY SSTORY A PROFILE OF MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN THE REFUGEE CAMPS ON THE THAILAND BURMA BORDER THAILAND BURMA BORDER CONSORTIUM JULY 2010 Note on the Title: The “three sides” refers to the three self-identified sectors of Muslim communities in the camps, defined by the reasons for their presence in the camps (see “Muslim Lifestyle Practices and Preferences/ Socio-Cultural/ Self-identity”). Cover design: http://library.wustl.edu/subjects/islamic/MihrabIsfahan.jpg 2 33 SSIDES TO EEVERY SSTORY A PROFILE OF MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN THE REFUGEE CAMPS ON THE THAILAND BURMA BORDER THAILAND BURMA BORDER CONSORTIUM JULY 2010 3 CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……….......………………………………………………….……………………………. 7 SUMMARY OF STATISTICS BY RELIGION/CAMP ……………………………………………………………....... 9 PREFACE ……….......………………………………………………….……………………………………… 13 BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION OF ISLAM TO BURMA ………………………………………………………………………...... 15 DISPLACEMENT OF BURMESE MUSLIM COMMUNITIES INTO THAILAND ……..……………………………………… 15 Border-wide Camp-Specific Other Influxes CURRENT SITUATION PREVALENCE OF MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN AND AROUND THE REFUGEE CAMPS ……..……………………. 19 Muslim Communities in Camps Muslim Communities Around the Camps Impacts on Camp Security LIFESTYLE PRACTICES AND PREFERENCES: SOCIO-CULTURAL: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 o The “Three Sides” o Religion and Faith o Gender Roles o Romance, Marriage and Divorce o Social Inclusion FOOD AND SHELTER: ………….…...………………..…………………………….…………………….. 29 o Ration Collection/ Consumption o Ration/ Diet Supplementation -
The Situation in Karen State After the Elections PAPER No
EBO ANALYSIS The Situation in Karen State after the Elections PAPER No. 1 2011 THE SITUATION IN KAREN STATE AFTER THE ELECTIONS EBO Analysis Paper No. 1/2011 For over sixty years the Karens have been fighting the longest civil war in recent history. The struggle, which has seen demands for an autonomous state changed to equal recognition within a federal union, has been bloody and characterized by a number of splits within the movement. While all splinter groups ostensibly split to further ethnic Karen aspirations; recent decisions by some to join the Burmese government’s Border Guard Force (BGF) is seen as an end to such aspirations. Although a number of Karen political parties were formed to contest the November elections, the likelihood of such parties seriously securing appropriate ethnic representation without regime capitulation is doubtful. While some have argued, perhaps correctly, that the only legitimate option was to contest the elections, the closeness of some Karen representatives to the current regime can only prolong the status quo. This papers examines the problems currently affecting Karen State after the 7 November elections. THE BORDER GUARD FORCE Despite original promises of being allowed to recruit a total of 9,000 troops, the actual number of the DKBA (Democratic Karen Buddhist Army) or Karen Border Guard Force has been reduced considerably. In fact, a number of the original offers made to the DKBA have been revoked. At a 7 May 2010 meeting held at Myaing Gyi Ngu, DKBA Chairman U Tha Htoo Kyaw stated that ‘According to the SE Commander, the BGF will retain the DKBA badge.’ In fact the DKBA were given uniforms with SPDC military patches and all Karen flags in DKBA areas were removed and replaced by the national flag. -
Annex 8 Myanmar
Sustainable Management of Peatland Forests in Southeast Asia SEApeat Project - Myanmar Component Progressive Report for First Quarter 2014 Description of Project in brief Component/Country : The Republic of Union of Myanmar Project Period : One years (2014) Project Budget : USD 49,000 Funding Agency : European Union (EU) through Global Environment Centre (GEC ) Regional Implementing : Global Environmental Centre Agency (GEC) Focal Point : Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) Implementing Partner : FREDA in cooperation with ECD and FD (MOECAF), AD and SLRD (MAI) Activities to be implemented in 2014 1. Technical Workshop on Sustainable Peatland Management 2. Replicated trainings and Peat Assessment 3. Pilot-testing – for best management practices of peatland 4. Awareness and Education Campaign Achievement so far: (1) Technical Workshop on Sustainable Peatland Management (2) Coordination meetings (3) Trainings and awareness campaign (4) Peat Assessment (i) Ayeyarwady Region (ii) Shan State (iii) Thanintharyi Region Technical Workshop on Sustainable Peatland Management Venue : Tungapuri Hotel, Yarza Thingaha Rd, Nay Pyi Taw Date : 30th January, 2014 Attendees : (61) persons who are the most responsible and interested staff of Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, University of Agriculture, University of Forestry, NGOs, Global Environmental Centre (GEC) and FREDA Deputy Ministers, Dr. Daw Thet Thet Zin and U Aye Myint Maung attended the Workshop and Dr. Daw Thet Thet Zin delivered the opening speech. Deputy Ministers of MOECAF viewing the display at Technical Workshop Technical Workshop being in session Workshop Presentations 1. Sustainable Peatland Management in South East Asia by GEC 2. SEApeat Project (Myanmar Component) by ECD (MOECAF) 3. Some facts about Peat Soil and Peatland by FREDA 4. -
Rivalry and Cooperation: Military Rule on the Thai- Burmese Border
International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-2, Feb.-2018 http://iraj.in RIVALRY AND COOPERATION: MILITARY RULE ON THE THAI- BURMESE BORDER SIRINYA SIRIYANUN Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, College of Innovation and Management, Department of Political Science Thailand E-mail: [email protected] Abstract- For much of the past fifty years, the border region surrounding the Thai and Burmese towns of Mae Sot and Myawaddy has been ruled by the military. The two countries which share this border, Thailand and Burma, have a long history of military rule. In addition, the indigenous people of the region, the Karen, have been conducting a decades-long insurrection against the Burmese government. Since the 1960s, all of the Karen military groups have been headquartered in this region. Ethnic politics in the Mae Sot-Myawaddy border region is therefore the politics of the military. Within this framework, both rivalry and cooperation are apparent. The balance of power between different Karen armed groups has shifted, and each group has made alliances and fought armed conflicts with both the state armies of Thailand and Burma and with other Karen armed groups. Since the 1990s, the trend has shifted towards greater cooperation, as the rise of Southeast Asia as a major economic region has motivated the armed groups of the Thai-Burmese border to work together to improve the region’s economy. Keywords- Thailand, Burma, borders, military rule, politics, cooperation I. MILITARY RULE IN MAE SOT AND In addition to the BPP, the Thai army also has a MYAWADDY significant presence.