Global Journal of HUMAN SOCIAL SCIENCE Volume 11 Issue 5 Version 1.0 August 2011 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Print ISSN: 0975-587X

Basic and Non-Basic Simple Sentence Constituent Patterns of Contemporary Nigerian Advertisement Messages By Samson Olasunkanmi Oluga

University Tunku Abdul Rahman Kampar / Perak Campus

Abstract - The advertisement messages of some products, services, ideas or organisations are phrases, dependent clauses or sentence fragments. Some are sentences that are syntactically, orthographically and semantically complete. The advertisement Messages that are complete sentences however, have different constituent patterns. This paper presents the constituent patterns of some 140 complete simple-sentence advertisement messages identified among some carefully selected 250 advertisement messages. Eighty-five (85) out of the one hundred and forty (140) complete simple-sentence advertisement messages i.e. 61% have the basic simple sentence patterns. Four (4) complete simple-sentence advertisement messages i.e. three percent (3%) have expanded basic sentence patterns making a total of eighty-nine (89) advertisement messages i.e. sixty-four percent (64%) with both the basic and modified basic simple sentence patterns. Fifty-one (51) of the whole one hundred and forty (140) complete simple-sentence advertisement messages i.e. thirty-six percent (36%) are those with the non- basic simple-sentence patterns.

Keywords : Simple Sentences, Constituent Patterns, Advertisement Messages.

GJHSS-C Classification : FOR Code : 200199

Basic and Non-Basic Simple Sentence Constituent Patterns of Contemporary Nigerian Advertisement Messages

Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:

© 2011. Dr. Samson Olasunkanmi Oluga. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Basic and Non-Basic Simple Sentence Constituent Patterns of Contemporary Nigerian Advertisement Messages

Samson Olasunkanmi Oluga 2011 ust

Abstract - The advertisement messages of some products, clause and consists of elements or components like ug services, ideas or organisations are phrases, dependent subject, predicator, direct object, indirect object, subject A clauses or sentence fragments. Some are sentences that are complement, object complement and adverbial. The syntactically, orthographically and semantically complete. The various elements or components of a simple major 17 advertisement Messages that are complete sentences however, have different constituent patterns. This paper sentence are usually combined in various ways to form presents the constituent patterns of some 140 complete the different sentence constituent patterns. Aremo simple-sentence advertisement messages identified among (2004) identifies nine basic simple sentence patterns some carefully selected 250 advertisement messages. Eighty- with obligatory constituents or components which can five (85) out of the one hundred and forty (140) complete not be omitted or deleted without rendering the simple-sentence advertisement messages i.e. 61% have the sentence incomplete. The nine basic simple-sentence basic simple sentence patterns. Four (4) complete simple- patterns are the SP, SPOd, SPOiOd, SPCs(n), SPCs(adj), sentence advertisement messages i.e. three percent (3%) SPA, SPOdCc(adj) , SPOdCo(n) and SPOdA patterns. Some have expanded basic sentence patterns making a total of eighty-nine (89) advertisement messages i.e. sixty-four percent of the basic simple sentence patterns can be expanded (64%) with both the basic and modified basic simple sentence by appropriately adding some other optional patterns. Fifty-one (51) of the whole one hundred and forty adverbial(s) to the basic patterns. The non-basic simple (140) complete simple-sentence advertisement messages i.e. sentences are formed by altering the basic sentences in thirty-six percent (36%) are those with the non-basic simple- a number of ways as in interrogative, imperative, sentence patterns. exclamatory and negative sentences. Volume XI Issue V Version I Keywords : Simple Sentences, Constituent Patterns, Advertisement according to Bearden, Ingram Advertisement Messages. and La Forge (2001:393) is a marketing communication that is persuasive, non-personal, paid for by an I. INTRODUCTION identified sponsor and disseminated through mass sentence according to Ballard (2001:137) is the channels of communication to promote the adoption of largest unit of a syntactic structure which consists goods, services, persons or ideas. Robin (2010) also A of at least a main clause but which may consist of defines an advertisement as a specific message several. To Radford (2009:479) as sentence is simply a constructed to inform, persuade, promote, provoke or term synonymously used to refer to a root clause which motivate members of a target audience in respect of a is basically a free standing clause that is not a particular brand or on behalf of a group. She adds that a component of another expression. Swan (2005:24) also group in this context could be commercial concerns, defines a sentence as a group of words expressing a government agencies or non-profit making statement, command, question or an exclamation, organisations. To Needham and Dransfield (2000), consisting of one or more clauses, having at least a advertisement is a message or information about al Journal ofSocial al Journal Science Human

subject and a predicator and starting with a capital letter products, services or ideas sent through the media to b and ending with a full stop, question mark or inform, persuade or influence the people to receive exclamation mark especially in writing. Finch (2005:109) them. Oluga (2003:117) also defines an advertisement Glo points out that the traditional definitions of sentences as a means of publicizing the activities of a given firm, describe them as grammatically complete units of business or organization with a view to making the language capable of standing on their own and goods or products sold or services rendered known to semantically independent. This to him is true of so many the target audience. sentences but not all sentences. Advertisements according to Okanlawon and A sentence constituent simply refers to each of Oluga (2008:45) usually have verbal messages apart the elements or components of a given sentence. A from their visual images or messages. The verbal simple major sentence according to Finch (2005:110- messages, spoken or written, are usually specially 111) is a complete sentence that has just a single worded using captivating incomplete expressions like phrases, dependent clauses or sentence fragments as Author : Research Phd Student Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, well as complete sentences. The complete sentence Faculty of Arts And Social Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, advertisement messages however, have grammatical Kampar / Perak Campus, Malaysia. E-mail : [email protected] Mobile : +60165650154 © 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) Basic and Non-Basic Simple Sentence Constituent Patterns of Contemporary Nigerian Advertisement Messages

elements or constituents with different combinations or while ‘Od’ stands for the Direct Object. The Subject patterns. Some complete advertisement messages have Complement is also differentiated from the Object the basic sentence constituent patterns whose Complement as ‘Cs’ stands for Subject Complement components or elements are obligatory and cannot be and ‘Co’ stands for object complement.

removed. Some other complete–sentence advertisement messages have non basic sentence IV. THE BASIC SIMPLE-SENTENCE constituent patterns achieved via the alteration of any of PATTERNS OF ADVERTISEMENT the basic sentence patterns. MESSAGES 2011 II. METHODOLOGY OF STUDY There are nine basic simple-sentence patterns

ust The advertisement messages of two hundred as earlier mentioned whose constituents are compulsory ug components or elements to have complete sentences. A and fifty (250) products, services, ideas or organizations were gathered from various newspaper advertisements, There are five out of the nine basic patterns among the poster advertisements, handbill advertisements and one hundred and forty syntactically analysed complete- 18 billboard advertisements. The selection was however, sentence advertisement messages. The total numbers carefully done to ensure the inclusion of different of the advertisement messages with the basic simple- categories of products, services, ideas or organisations. sentence patterns are eighty-nine (89), including the Hence, we have the advertisement messages of drugs, expanded patterns, which represents sixty-one percent alcoholic and non alcoholic drinks, vehicles, toiletries, (61%). The five basic sentence patterns are the SPO, banks/banking services, insurance firms/services, SPC, SPA, SPOA, and SP. It is important to note that the telecommunications firms/services, Nigerian Police, subject of the sentence can be a noun, a noun phrase, a Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) and noun clause or a pronoun. The predicator of the

Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) etc. sentence can be a verb, a verb phrase or a phrasal Some few organisations that constantly advertise their verb. The complement (subject/object) can be nominal products have more than one advert message but not i.e. a noun, a noun phrase or noun clause, a pronoun or more than three messages for a single product or it can be adjectival i.e. an adjective, adjectival phrase or organisation. Out of the two hundred and fifty (250) adjectival clause. The object can be direct or indirect. The adverbial can be an adverb (adjunct/disjunct), an

Volume XI Issue V Version I advertisement messages, only one hundred and forty (140) i.e. 56% are complete simple-sentence adverbial phrase or an adverbial clause. advertisement messages used for the purpose of this a) The SPO Advert Message Sentence Pattern study. These advertisement messages were then This is the first basic sentence pattern identified subjected to syntactic observation/examination to among the one hundred and forty complete simple- determine their constituent patterns. sentence advertisement messages. The advert messages with this pattern have sentences with the III. ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

combination Subject plus Predicator plus Object i.e. The analysis of the constituent patterns of the (SPOd). Twenty-eight (28) out of the one hundred syntactically examined contemporary Nigerian and forty (140) complete sentence advertisement advertisement messages will be in three phases. The messages i.e. 20% have this pattern as shown below: first will analyse the advertisement messages that fall within the nine basic sentence patterns, the second will 1. Coast Milk → We lik e it analyse the expanded basic simple-sentence patterns S P O built on the nine basic simple-sentence patterns while 2. Hyundai Azera→We give the chance to experience A-Z of the third will analyse other advertisement messages that luxu ry S P O al Journal ofSocial al Journal Science Human 1 b constitute the non-basic simple sentences that are not 3. DHL → We have got the connections

Glo directly built on the nine basic simple sentence patterns. S P O The simple percentage will be used to determine the 4. Intercontinental Bank → We mak e the difference numerical representation of each of the various patterns S P O within and outside the basic simple-sentence category. 5. Bitter Apperito → You will love the taste

The percentages of the two major categories will be S P O determined to show whether the patterns of the 6. Cowbell Chocolate → It has got it (NB: It’s = It has) complete sentence Nigerian advertisement messages S P O are in line with the basic simple-sentence patterns or the 7. Klin D etergent → So little give s so m uch non-basic simple-sentence patterns. The capital S P O alphabet ‘S’ is used to represent the Subject of a 8. Quincy Herbal Slimmers → We have access to nature sentence, ‘P’ for the Predicator, ‘C’ for the Complement, S P O ‘O’ for the Object and ‘A’ for the Adverbial. When we 9. Lady care →Lady takes care of your period . (NB:‘ur’ = your) have two objects, ‘Oi’ stands for the Indirect Object S P O

© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) Basic and Non-Basic Simple Sentence Constituent Patterns of Contemporary Nigerian Advertisement Messages 10. Benylin → You can trust Benvlin 33. SACA → AIDS is real. S P O S P C 11. Canon Printers & Copiers → We have the solution 34. L.G. → Life is good S P O S P C 12. Starcoms → We speak your language 35. Sagem Myx7 → It is an experience (It’s = it is) S P O S P C 13. DHL2 → We move the world 36. Knorr Cube → Every meal is a story S P O S P C

14. Carat Soap → Your skin deserves the best 37. Interswitch → Life is simple 2011 S P O S P C

15. Mattew Worm Elixir → You have got one thing to lose 38. Thermocool → The choice is yours. ust S P O S P C ug A 16. Funman Juice→We have got the quality.(We’ve=we have) 3 9. Gillette Blue 2 → Two is better than one. S P O S P C 19 17. Climax Hotel → A sincere reception awaits you 40. Maggi cube → Taste is everything. S P O S P C 18. Stallion Rice →We serve the nation 41. MTN1 → Life is beautiful. S P O S P C 19. Ovaltine → Malt makes the difference 42. Chevrolet → Envy is inevitable. S P O S P C 20. IGNIS → Your wife is having an affair. 43. Hi Malt → I feel good. S P O S P C 21. Fidson Health Care → We value life. 44. IBTC → Your Pension is your future. S P O S P C 22. Full-Tox paint → Quality tells the difference 45. Pincanto Kia → Life is more beautiful. S P O S P C 23. Macmillan → Reading makes a man. 46. Child Care Trust → It could have been you.

S P O S P C Volume XI Issue V Version I 24. Harp → I like a beer that has nothing to hide. 47. First Inland Bank → You are welcome. S P O S P C 25. Mutual Assurance Plc → We keep our promises. 48. Epson Printers →What you put in is what you get out. S P O S P C 26. Bournvita → Every child deserves Bournvita 49. Sovereign Trust Insurance→All our policy is to brighten S P O your life. S P C 27. Unity Bank → Success story awaits you 50. Dangote Cement → Dangote is what everybody now uses. S P O S P C 28. Bank PHB → Everybody loves ahappy ending 51. Volkswagen Passat → It is love at first sight. S P O S P C 52. Top Lait Milk → That is my milk. b) The SPC Advert Message Sentence Pattern S P C This is the second basic sentence pattern 53. Vono Foam → Great comfort is our promise. identified among the one-hundred and forty complete S P C sentence advertisement messages. Thirty-six (36) out of 54. Stanbic IBTC → Our door is open. ofSocial al Journal Science Human the one hundred and forty (140) complete sentence b S P C advertisement messages i.e. 26% have this pattern. This Glo means the sentences of the advertisement messages 55. Nigerian Police → Police is your friend. S P C have the combination Subject plus Predicator plus Complement i.e. (SPC) pattern as indicated below: 56. Total Oil → Our energy is your energy. S P C

29. Skoda Octavia → The best decision are those you enjoy. 57. Super Master1 → Our name is guarantee of originality.

S P C S P C

30. Pension Trust Fund → Pension is all about trust 58. Eskimo Cooler →It is the coolest one.

S P C S P C

31. Legend → It is your life 59. Thermolineo Food Flask → It is the right choice.

S P C S P C

32. Seven (7) Up → The difference is clear 60. Super Master2 → God is the Supermaster.

S P C S P C

© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) Basic and Non-Basic Simple Sentence Constituent Patterns of Contemporary Nigerian Advertisement Messages 61. Lotto Nigeria → Everyone is a winner. 79. Macleans 2 → I have got my confidence back (I’ve= I have) S P C S P O A 62. Lafia Hotels → Privacy is our strength. 80. Unio n Bank → We have struck Nigeria with just a click. S P C (We ’ve = We have) S P O A

63. Globe Motors → Life is a journey. 81. DHL3 → No one knows Europe like we do.

S P C S P O A

64. Coca Cola → Life tastes good. 82. Dunlop → Nothing profiles you better.

S P C S P O A

2011 83. Crusader → We give security and comfort in retirement. c) The SPA Advert Message Sentence Pattern S P O A This is the third basic simple-sentence patterns. ust identified among the one hundred and forty (140) e) A Th e SP Advert Message Sentence Pattern ug

A complete simple - sentence advertisement message This is the fifth basic sentence pattern which There are just ten (10) advertisement messages out of some three (3) complete sentence advertisement

20 one hundred and forty (140) complete simple-sentence messages follow and this number represents just 2% of advertisement messages which represent just 7%. The the total one hundred and forty (140) complete sentence sentences of these advertisement messages have the advertisement messages examined. The few combination Subject plus Predicator plus Adverbial advertisement messages with this pattern have just two

i.e.(SPA) pattern as illustrated below: obligatory components or elements which are the

1 subject and the predicator i.e. the S + P combination or 65. Diam ond Bank → Welcome ideas come in mini packages. S P A pattern as shown below:

1 84. Tetmosol → It works. 66. Macleans → The mac of fresh confidence is bac k. S P A S P

85. FRSC → Speed kills. 67. Mercury Cameras → Memories are forever . S P A S P

86. Zain → Our future is blossoming. 68. Listerine → The world number one is her e. S P A S P

69. Diamond Bank1 → Diamonds are forever. Volume XI Issue V Version I V. EXPANDED BASIC ADVERT MESSAGE S P A

SENTENCE PATTERNS 70. EFCC → Nobody is above the law. S P A There are four (4) advertisement messages with

71.Wema Bank → Great things happen when we talk together. four (4) other expanded basic sentence advertisement

S P A message patterns namely the SPAA, SPCA, ASPO and

72. Peak Milk → It is in you. (It’s = it is) ASP. These four patterns of advertisement messages

S P A are mere modification or expansion of the already

73. Guinness Stout → Actions speak louder than words. discussed SPA, SPC, SPO and SP basic simple-

S P A sentence patterns. However, there is the addition of an

74. Omo Detergent →It washes brighter than it shows. optional adverbial to the obligatory elements or S P A constituents of the sentences with these basic sentence

75. Investment and Allied Assurance → We are by your side patterns. The four (4) out of the one hundred and forty S P A (140) represent 3% while each of the four represent 0.7% of the total complete sentence advert messages. d) The SPOA Advert Message Sentence Pattern Below are the advertisement messages with the four al Journal ofSocial al Journal Science Human This is the fourth basic sentence pattern of

b patterns: some of the complete sentence advertisement 87. Premier Hotels → We are with you through life. Glo messages syntactically examined. The advertisement S P A A messages whose sentences falls within this category 88. Dana Motors → Life is more beautiful with Picanto.

have the combination obligatory Subject plus Predicator S P C A

plus Object plus Adverbial i.e.(SPOiA) pattern. There are 89. Nigeria Police → Together, we fight crime.

eight (08) advertisement message sentences out of the A S P O one hundred and forty (140) i.e. 6% with this pattern as 1 90. Etisalat → Now, you are talking. enumerated below: A S P 76. Tastee Fried Chicken → We do chicken right. VI. THE NON- B ASIC A DVERTISEMENT S P O A 2 MESSAGE SENTENCE PATTERNS 77. Siemens → We touch lives in many ways. S P O A These unlike the basic advertisement message 78. IGI Insurance → We pay a genuine claim promptly. sentence patterns are not the constituent patterns of S P O A positive declarative sentences or statements. Rather, © 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) Basic and Non-Basic Simple Sentence Constituent Patterns of Contemporary Nigerian Advertisement Messages

they can be other forms of sentences like the imperative, 107. Vedan → Get natural taste interrogative and exclamatory sentences as well as the P O negative forms of the declarative sentences. However, 108. Peugeot 307 →Redeem your image the non-basic advertisement messages identified P O among the one-hundred and forty (140) complete 109. MTN2 → Achieve what you can achieve sentence advertisement messages are mainly the P O imperative and some exclamatory sentences. They are 110. Nigerian Supporters Association (NSA) →Go for goal fifty-one (51) all together which represent 36% of the P O total complete sentence advertisement messages. They 3 111. MTN (Super Booster) → Boost your profit. 2011 have four different patterns which are the PO, PC, PA P O and POA sentence constituent patterns. 112. Gordon Spark → Spark up your life ust

ug

P O A a) The PO Advert Message Sentence Pattern 113. Delta Soap → Upgrade your skin This is the first non-basic sentence pattern of P O the syntactically examined contemporary Nigerian 21 114. Imperial Leather →Experience the luxury advertisement messages. The advertisement messages with this pattern are thirty-three (33) i.e. 24% of the one P O hundred and forty (140) examined in the study. They are 115. Star Beer → Share the brighter life imperative sentences that implore or request the P O advertisement target audience to take certain steps or 116. Maggi → Enjoy your cooking do certain things. The subjects of these sentences are P O not expressly stated but they are understood hence, 117. Mirinda2 → Taste the thrill only the predicators and the objects are obvious as in P O the following advert messages: 118. New Legend → Carry da torch (da = the)

91. Sprite → Obey your thirst P O

P O 119. Etisalat2 → Enjoy home advantage

92. Mountain Dew → Do the dew P O

P O 120. Glo → Follow the leader

Volume XI Issue V Version I 93. MTel → Talk the talk P O

P O 121. Tom Tom → Clear the airways

94. Global Technical Careers → Make a difference P O

P O 122. Caleb University → Fulfil your dreams

95. Nescafe → Taste the other side of coffee P O

P O 123. Samsung → Capture memories of brilliant moments

96. Fanta → Share the fun P O

P O b) The P. C. Advert Message Sentence Pattern

97. Lipton Tea → Create your style The advertisement messages with Predicator

P O plus Complement sentence pattern are just four (4) in

→ number i.e. 3% of the total one hundred and forty (140) 98. Mirinda Get a great taste P O complete sentence advertisement messages. The sentences with this pattern also have 99. Fanafrik → Settle for cool breeze implied or understood subjects that are not stated or P O 100. Guinness Extra Stout → Discover the smoothness mentioned. Below are the advertisement messages

whose sentences fall within this category: ofSocial al Journal Science Human P O b 101. Jum bo soap → Show you r colour 124. Amstel Malta → Be renewed Glo P O P C

102. Power Horse → Free your energy 125. Siemens MC60 → Be inspired

P O P C

103. Calypso Cream → Ignite your passion 126. Dettol1 → Be absolutely sure

P O P C

104. Jik → Fight stains that detergent alone cannot remove 127. Baby Pear → Be what you are

P O P C 105. Gol d Spot → Feel the excitement

P O c) The P A Advert Message Sentence Pattern

106. Qlink Iron → Enjoy the Qlink newest household dry iron There are three (3) advertisement messages

P O among the one-hundred and forty syntactically

© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) Basic and Non-Basic Simple Sentence Constituent Patterns of Contemporary Nigerian Advertisement Messages

examined that fall within the Predicator plus Adverbial both the basic and modified basic simple-sentence

sentence patterns which represents just 2%. The patterns are eighty-nine (89) in number which represent

sentences also do not have expressly mentioned 64% of the one hundred and forty (140) complete- subjects as illustrated in the following: sentence advertisement messages. The complete sentence advertisement 128. Krest →Stand up from the crowd messages with the non-basic sentence patterns P A 129. NBA African Scholarship →Go where ambition takes you constitute the remaining fifty-one (51) advertisement

P A messages which represent 36% of the entire one

2011 130. Multivite → Go extra mile hundred and forty complete sentence advertisement

P A messages. Four (4) non-basic sentence patterns were

ust identified namely the PO, PC, PA and POA patterns. The ug d) The P O A Advert Message Sentence Pattern advertisement messages with the Predicator plus Object A We have ten (10) complete - sen tence pattern are thirty three (33) i.e. 24% of the one hundred advertisement messages out of the one hundred and and forty (140). Those with the Predicator plus 22 forty (140) advertisement messages i.e. seven percent Complement pattern are just four (4) i.e. 3% of the one (7%) that have the Predicator plus Object plus Adverbial hundred and forty (140). Those with the Predicator plus sentence pattern. These complete sentence Adverbial pat tern are three (3) i.e. 2% of the one advertisement messages just like others with the non hundred and forty (140) while those with the Predicator basic sentence patterns do not have stated subjects as plus Object plus Adverbial pattern are ten (10) i.e. 7% of can be seen in the following: the entire one hundred and forty complete-sentence 131. Samsung L700 → Set the bar high advertisement messages. P O A 132. Mic helin → Have a safe journey with Michelin References Refer ences Referencias P O A 1. Aremo, B. (2004): An Introduction to English 133. Trophy → Get your bearing right Sentences (I & II). Ibadan: Scribo Pub. Ltd. P O A 2. Ballard, K. (2001): The Frameworks of English. 134 . Seam an’s Schnapps →Don’t offend our ancestors with New York: Palgrave. fake wine P O A Volume XI Issue V Version I 135. DSTV → Bring the world into your living room 3. Bearden, W. O., Ingram, T. N. & La Forge R. W. P O A (2001): Marketing: Principles and Perspectives. 136. Jik → Jik it up Boston: McGraw Hill Irwin. P O A 4. Finch, G. (2005): Key Concepts in Language 137. Bacchus Tonic Wine →Celebrate life everyday and Linguistics. New York: Palgrave. P O A 5. Needham D. & Dransfield K. (2000): Advanced 138. Dan sa Juice → Juice it up Business. Oxford: Heinemann Educational P O A Publishers. 139. Det tol2 → Protect your skin from germs P O A 6. Okanlawon, B. O. & Oluga, S. O. (2008): 140. Flourish Tooth Paste → Express it wit h flourish gel “Examination of Language Use in

P O A Contemporary Nigerian Advertisement Copy Messa ges”. Marang - Journal of Language and VII. CONCLUSION Literature. 18(1), 37-48.

It is crystal clear from the analyses of the

al Journal ofSocial al Journal Science Human 7. Oluga, S. O. (2003): “Ambiguity and Language

b constituent patterns of the one hundred and forty (140) of Advertisement via the Mass Media and complete-sentence advertisement messages identified Glo Related Cleans: The Need for Proper from the total of two hundred and fifty carefully selected Disambiguation”. Multidisciplinary Journal of that most of the advertisement messages considered Research Development 2(2), 1 17 123. have the basic simple-sentence patterns. This is – because eighty five (85) of the complete-sentence 8. Radford, A. (2009): Analysing English advertisement messages i.e. 61% have the basic Sentences: A Minimalist Approach. Cambridge: simple-sentence patterns SPO (28 in number i.e. 20%), Cambridge University Press. SPC (36 in number i.e. 26%), SPA (10 in number i.e. 9. Robin (2010): Advertising: Generating and 7%), SPOA (8 in number i.e. 6%) and SP (3 in number Designing Ideas across Media. Hoboken, NJ: i.e. 2%). Four (4) other advertisement messages out of John Wiley & Sons Inc. the total one- hundred and forty have one each of the 10. Swan, M. (2005): Practical English Usage. modified or expanded basic simple-sentence patterns SPAA, SPCA, ASPO and ASP. This means those with Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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