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Waves of Exchange
Symposium Proceedings, 2020 Introduction: Waves of Exchange Brittany Myburgh, University of Toronto Their universe comprised not only land surfaces, but the surrounding ocean as far as they could traverse and exploit it... - Our Sea of Islands, Epeli Hau’ofa1 Oceania is connected by waves of movement, from ocean-faring migration to networks of information and exchange. Tongan scholar Epeli Hau’ofa has described Oceania as a “sea of islands,” or a sea of relationships and networks that challenges prescribed geographic boundaries and scales. Arguing for the theorization and use of the term ‘Oceania,’ to describe this zone, Hau’ofa seeks to subvert the ways in which European colonizers, from James Cook to Louis Antoine de Bougainville, conceptually and physically mapped the Pacific Ocean (Te Moana Nui) as islands scattered in a faraway sea.2 The Pacific has long held space in the Western imagination. Its presence, as Linda Tuhiwai Smith argues, is to be found in the West’s very “fibre and texture, in its sense of itself, in its language, in its silences and shadows, its margins and intersections.”3 The European activity of mapping the Pacific Ocean throughout the latter half of the eighteenth century was accompanied by the acquisition of material culture from within Oceania.4 The collection of 1 Epeli Hau'ofa, “Our Sea of Islands,” The Contemporary Pacific , vol. 6, no. 1, (Spring 1994): 152. 2 Hau'ofa, “Our Sea of Islands,” 151. 3 Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Decolonizing methodologies: research and indigenous peoples. (London: Zed Books, 1999): 14. 4 Attention is increasingly paid to provenance and biographies of objects in Oceanic collections to better assess the often fraught histories of encounter, trade, and appropriation or theft. -
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Illustrating Mobility: Networks of Visual Print Culture and the Periodical Contexts of Modern Australian Writing VICTORIA KUTTAINEN James Cook University The history of periodical illustration offers a rich example of the dynamic web of exchange in which local and globally distributed agents operated in partnership and competition. These relationships form the sort of print network Paul Eggert has characterised as being shaped by everyday exigencies and ‘practical workaday’ strategies to secure readerships and markets (19). In focussing on the history of periodical illustration in Australia, this essay seeks to show the operation of these localised and international links with reference to four case studies from the early twentieth century, to argue that illustrations offer significant but overlooked contexts for understanding the production and consumption of Australian texts.1 The illustration of works published in Australia occurred within a busy print culture that connected local readers to modern innovations and technology through transnational networks of literary and artistic mobility in the years also defined by the rise of cultural nationalism. The nationalist Bulletin (1880–1984) benefited from a newly restricted copyright scene, while also relying on imported technology and overseas talent. Despite attempts to extend the illustrated material of the Bulletin, the Lone Hand (1907–1921) could not keep pace with technologically superior productions arriving from overseas. The most graphically impressive modern Australian magazines, the Home (1920–1942) and the BP Magazine (1928–1942), invested significant energy and capital into placing illustrated Australian stories alongside commercial material and travel content in ways that complicate our understanding of the interwar period. One of the workaday practicalities of the global book trade which most influenced local Australian producers and consumers prior to the twentieth century was the lack of protection for international copyright. -
The William F. Charters South Seas Collection at Butler University: a Selected, Annotated Catalogue (1994)
Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Special Collections Bibliographies University Special Collections 1994 The William F. Charters South Seas Collection at Butler University: A Selected, Annotated Catalogue (1994) Gisela S. Terrell Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/scbib Part of the Other History Commons Recommended Citation Terrell, Gisela S., "The William F. Charters South Seas Collection at Butler University: A Selected, Annotated Catalogue (1994)" (1994). Special Collections Bibliographies. 5. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/scbib/5 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the University Special Collections at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Collections Bibliographies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE WILLIAM F. CHARTERS SOUTH SEAS COLLECTION The Irwin Library Butler University Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/williamfchartersOOgise The William F. Charters South Seas Collection at Butler University A Selected, Annotated Catalogue By Gisela Schluter Terrell With an Introduction By George W. Geib 1994 Rare Books & Special Collections Irwin Library Butler University Indianapolis, Indiana ©1994 Gisela Schluter Terrell 650 copies printed oo recycled paper Printed on acid-free, (J) Rare Books & Special Collections Irwin Library Butler University 4600 Sunset Avenue Indianapolis, Indiana 46208 317/283-9265 Produced by Butler University Publications Dedicated to Josiah Q. Bennett (Bookman) and Edwin J. Goss (Bibliophile) From 1972 to 1979, 1 worked as cataloguer at The Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. Much of what I know today about the history of books and printing was taught to me by Josiah Q. -
The South Seas Project
Engaging with Historical Complexity in the Virtual Environment: the South Seas Project Paul Turnbull1 James Cook University of North Queensland and Centre for Cross-Cultural Research, Australian National University Computing Arts 2001 Conference [email protected] South Seas Test site: http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/southseas/ This Paper may be reproduced and/or cited provided authorship is acknowledged. It seems best to begin by explaining what the South Seas Project is about. The project is a research venture involving the Centre for Cross-Cultural Research, located at the Australian National University, the National Library of Australia, and, since late 2000, the Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre at the University of Melbourne. A number of other cultural institutions are also participating in aspects of the project, such the State Library of New South Wales, and H-Net, the International On-Line Network for the Humanities and Social Sciences. The South Seas Project will produce what could perhaps be described as a companion to James Cook’s momentous first voyage of discovery of 1768-1771. Like the numerous print-based Oxford and Cambridge companions published over the last decade or so, our companion is in part a specialist encyclopaedic reference work. Where it differs is adapting and translating the organising principles of the companion genre to the virtual information landscape. We are employing softwares and programming techniques to present, interrelate and interpret various aspects of Cook’s initial voyage of discovery, and the historical significance of European Pacific voyaging in the last four decades of the eighteenth century. -
The French in the South Seas
Welcome to the electronic edition of Discovery and Empire. The book opens with the bookmark panel and you will see the contents page. Click on this anytime to return to the contents. You can also add your own bookmarks. Each chapter heading in the contents table is clickable and will take you direct to the chapter. Return using the contents link in the bookmarks. The whole document is fully searchable. Enjoy. Discovery and Empire This book is available as a free fully-searchable PDF from www.adelaide.edu.au/press Discovery and Empire the French in the South Seas edited by John West-Sooby French Studies, School of Humanities The University of Adelaide Published in Adelaide by University of Adelaide Press Barr Smith Library University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 [email protected] www.adelaide.edu.au/press The University of Adelaide Press publishes externally refereed scholarly books by staff of the University of Adelaide. It aims to maximise the accessibility to the University’s best research by publishing works through the internet as free downloads and as high quality printed volumes on demand. © 2013 The Authors This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address. -
European Encounters in the Age of Expansion by Guido Abbattista
European Encounters in the Age of Expansion by Guido Abbattista This article reconstructs the expansion of Europe overseas and the multiple forms of encounters between European navigators, explorers, conquerors, colonizers, merchants and missionaries and "other" peoples and cultures over the course of four centuries. There has always been a double aspect to such encounters. At an immediate and practical level, conquest, colonization and trade led to modes of domination or coexistence and multi-faceted transcultural rela- tionships. In Europe, such encounters with "otherness" led to attempts to explain and interpret the origins and nature of racial and cultural (linguistic, religious and social) diversity. At the same time, observation of alien societies, cultures and religious practices broadened the debate on human social forms, leading to a critical reappraisal of European Christian civilization. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preliminary remarks 2. Encounters: With whom, where and when? 3. Who are they, where do they come from, how do they live? 4. Other civilizations, other histories 5. Close encounters of a third kind 6. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography Citation Preliminary remarks Now the Great Map of Mankind is unrolled at once; and there is no state or Gradation of barbarism, and no mode of refinement which we have not at the same instant under our View. The very different Civility of Europe and of China; the barbarism of Persia and Abyssinia, the erratic manners of Tartary, and of Arabia. The Sav- age state of North America, and of New Zealand.1 Written to the historian of America William Robertson (1721–1793) (ᇄ Media Link #ab) just one year after the Ameri- can Declaration of Independence of 1776, these words of the philosopher Edmund Burke (1729–1797) (ᇄ Media Link #ac) expressed a European awareness of being in a privileged position to observe and understand the world's racial and cultural diversity. -
Collecting with Cook: the Forsters and Their Artifact Sales Ruth
Collecting with Cook: The Forsters and their Artifact Sales Ruth Dawson The first official scientist ever appointed and paid by the British Government to sail around the world was a diligent but difficult German named Johann Reinhold Forster (1729-1798). For his efforts and expenses he was paid the almost lavish sum of £4000. In other ways too, the appointment was astonish- ingly generous on the government's part: Forster was given no specific instructions or assignments, required to submit no report of his findings, and permitted to keep all his records and his collections. More concerned, it seems, about his rights than his duties, Forster expected on his return to receive another lucrative appointment as well, as author of the official account of the voyage; the handsome volumes would be subsidized by the Admiralty but sold to the public at the profit of the writer. And, as an additional financial bonus, Forster expected to sell artifacts and specimens from the immense collection he had gathered on the trip. Yet in the years after the Resolution returned to England, Forster—with his spendthrift ways and his offensive quarrelsomeness towards all authority—saw the money and opportunities disappearing at an alarming rate. The £4000 were mostly gone before he even returned from the trip.1 Then after a prolonged argument with the Admiralty he was rejected as the official reporter and indeed forbidden to write any narrative account of the voyage.2 In an obvious evasion of this order, he set his gifted son George, who had accom- panied him as assistant and draftsman, to write his own account in the elder Forster's stead. -
Some Australian Literary Myths from the Boer War
Kunapipi Volume 18 Issue 2 Article 4 1996 'A Man Never Knows his Luck in South Africa': Some Australian Literary Myths from the Boer War Shirley Walker Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Walker, Shirley, 'A Man Never Knows his Luck in South Africa': Some Australian Literary Myths from the Boer War, Kunapipi, 18(2), 1996. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol18/iss2/4 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] 'A Man Never Knows his Luck in South Africa': Some Australian Literary Myths from the Boer War Abstract One night late in 1901, in the Spelonken district to the North of Pietersburg, a certain Australian Lieutenant in the Bushveldt Carbineers lay with his men in ambush above the laager of Field-Cornet Tom Kelly, a notorious Boer irregular leader: The night was intenselv cold, but we lay there w1thm 50 yards of them until the first streak of dawn. During the n1ght a dog scented us and started to bark, a Boer got up and gave 11 a kick to quieten 1t, at which Morant remarked, 'A man never knows his luck m South Africa'.1 This journal article is available in Kunapipi: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol18/iss2/4 :4 Man N~·ver Knows h1::. luck 111 South llfnca ' 1~ SHIRLEY WALKER 'A Man Never Knows his Luck in South Africa': Some Australian Literary Myths from the Boer War O ne night late in 1901, in the Spelonken district to the North of Pietersburg, a certain Australian Lieute nant in the Hushveldt Carbineers lay with his men in ambush above the laager of Field Cornet Tom Kelly, a notori ou s Boer irregular leader: The mght was mtensclv ~:old, but we lay there w1thm 50 yards of them unhl the first s treak of dawn. -
6. Conflict, Convicts and the Condominium
6 Conflict, Convicts and the Condominium Everyone knows that ‘La Nouvelle’, as it is popularly called, is a French penal settlement, and thereby hangs a tale.1 It was September 1905. The Anglo-French Convention, so Australians hoped, would get to work on the New Hebridean question almost immediately … Altogether, the New Hebrides were providing much food for talk and guesswork. It was an odd fact, under the circumstances, that no one really knew anything to speak of about the place.2 The French colonial presence in New Caledonia and the New Hebrides meant that Australian representations of these two Island groups would be distinct from any other Pacific Islands. In contrast to French Polynesia and Tahiti—which were represented as ideal, romantic and remote destinations—New Caledonia and the New Hebrides were widely perceived as posing an imminent threat to mainland Australia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Australian travel accounts of these Islands were markedly different from those of British and French literature because they reflected national anxieties and fears that were felt about French colonial rule from 1880 to 1914. As suggested by the two quotations at the beginning of this chapter, provided by two Australian travellers in 1906 and 1907, respectively, Australians were preoccupied with French convicts in New Caledonia and in the joint Anglo-French 1 Wragge, The Romance of the South Seas, 3. 2 Grimshaw, From Fiji to the Cannibal Islands, 166. 217 AUSTRALIAN TRAVELLERS IN THE SOUTH SEAS political system in the New Hebrides. Although public interest in these Island groups peaked in the late nineteenth century, travel accounts continued to remind Australians of the French colonial legacy in the Pacific until World War I. -
George Witton and the Breaker Morant Affair
Empire: Scapegoat of the George Witton and the Breaker Morant Affair MARK CRYLE, FRYER LIBRARY MANAGER, EXAMINES THE ROLE OF GEORGE WITTON IN SHAPING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE BREAKER MORANT AFFAIR. Above: Bruce Beresford’s 1980 feature film The Witton character in the film George Witton, possibly Breaker Morant retells an incident that epitomises naïve imperial idealism. He taken at his brother’s took place during the Anglo-Boer War, in is a young man who “believed in the property at Lancefield, which a number of Australian officers in a British Empire”2 and yet becomes a Victoria in 1907. This photo unit under British command, the Bushveldt repudiated victim of it. It is a powerful appears in one of Fryer’s copies of Scapegoats of the Carbineers, were court martialled for trope in the mythology of Australia’s Empire and appears not shooting Boer prisoners of war. In the “war of independence” from Britain to have been published closing sequence of the film, the character which surfaces again 13 years later when previously. George Witton is standing at a train station the sacrifice of thousands of Australian on his way to prison. He hears the volley soldiers on the beaches of Gallipoli is so of rifle fire as his Australian mates, Harry readily attributed to the incompetence Morant and Peter Handcock, are executed of their British commanders. Like that by a British firing squad. He too had been of the Anzacs, Witton’s “innocence” is sentenced to death but learns subsequently transformed into cynicism, not just by the that “Lord Kitchener has been pleased to general war experience, but specifically commute your sentence to penal servitude by the callous machinery of the British for life.” A caption then appears on the military, in this case, under the command screen: “George Witton was released of the arch villain, Lord Horatio Kitchener. -
Australian Travellers in the South Seas
AUSTRALIAN TRAVELLERS IN THE SOUTH SEAS AUSTRALIAN TRAVELLERS IN THE SOUTH SEAS NICHOLAS HALTER PACIFIC SERIES Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760464141 ISBN (online): 9781760464158 WorldCat (print): 1232438742 WorldCat (online): 1232438653 DOI: 10.22459/ATSS.2021 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph reproduced courtesy of the Fiji Museum (Record no. P32.4.157). This edition © 2021 ANU Press Contents Acknowledgements . vii List of Figures . ix Preface . xi Note . xiii Introduction . 1 1 . Fluid Boundaries and Ambiguous Identities . 25 2 . Steamships and Tourists . 61 3 . Polynesian Promises . 109 4 . Degrees of Savagery . 145 5 . In Search of a Profitable Pacific . 187 6 . Conflict, Convicts and the Condominium . 217 7 . Preserving Health and Race in the Tropics . 255 Conclusion . 295 Appendix: An Annotated Bibliography of Australian Travel Writing . .. 307 Bibliography . 347 Acknowledgements This book took life as a doctoral dissertation in Pacific History at The Australian National University under the supervision of Brij Lal, to whom it is dedicated. Brij has been a generous mentor and friend from the beginning. I credit my personal and professional development to Brij’s inspirational example. I would not be where I am today without the love and support of Brij, Padma and his family. -
Cultural Heritage and Identity in the Literature of Australian South Sea Islanders and Other Media
etropic 12.1 (2013) : TransOceanik Special Edition | 33 Cultural Heritage and Identity in the Literature of Australian South Sea Islanders and Other Media Carine Davias PhD session Paul Valéry University in Montpellier, France Abstract Australian South Sea Islanders represent a small community whose ancestors mainly came from Melanesian Islands to work as indentured labour in the sugar cane plantations of Queensland from the 1860’s to the beginning of the 20th century. Many still live near the old sugar towns, but apart from an official recognition of their existence and distinctiveness by the Federal Government in 1994 and by the Queensland Government in 2000, South Sea Islanders’ culture, economic and political roles are still underrepresented or even ignored in Australia. In the 1970’s, writers belonging to that community, such as Faith Bandler, Mabel Edmund and Noel Fatnowna started to tell their own family history since the arrival of their first ancestors on the continent. These autobiographical accounts enabled them to reassert their identity as a culturally distinct group and to shed light on a part of Australia’s forgotten past. Other written testimonies followed at the beginning of the 21st century but the lack of young South Sea Islander writers induced us to look at their other means of expression to promote their culture and complete the missing parts of their personal and collective history. owadays in Australia, some 20,000 people identify themselves as Australian South Sea N Islanders because at least one of their ancestors had come from a Melanesian or a Polynesian island situated in the South Pacific area to work and settle in the country.