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Feasibility of Developing Sport Tourism in Ardabil (Case Study: Alvares Ski Resort)

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Feasibility of Developing Sport Tourism in Ardabil (Case Study: Alvares Ski Resort) ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﻀﺎ دوره 22، ﺷﻤﺎره 4، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1397 اﻣﮑﺎنﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ در اردﺑﯿﻞ (ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﭘﯿﺴﺖ اﺳﮑﯽ آﻟﻮارس) ﻋﯿﺴﯽ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﻨﺎﻗﺮد1، ﻧﺎزﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي2*، ﻣﻬﺪي رﻣﻀﺎنزاده ﻟﺴﺒﻮﯾﯽ3 1- ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ، ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﺮدي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، ﺑﺎﺑﻠﺴﺮ، اﯾﺮان 2- اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر، ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺷﻬﺮي، ﮔﺮوه ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﺮدي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، ﺑﺎﺑﻠﺴﺮ، اﯾﺮان 3- داﻧﺸﯿﺎر، ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﮔﺮوه ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﺮدي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، ﺑﺎﺑﻠﺴﺮ، اﯾﺮان. درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 23/4/97 ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 97/9/5 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻣﮑﺎنﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ در ﭘﯿﺴﺖ اﺳﮑﯽ آﻟﻮارس اردﺑﯿﻞ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان اﺳﺖ. روش اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﻮده و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Smart PLS ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ، ﺗﻤـﺎم ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺎزه ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻮده و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ (809/0)، وﺟـﻮد ﺑﺎﺷـﮕﺎه ﻫـﺎ و ﻟﯿـﮓ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧ ﯽ (801/0)، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ و ﺟﺸﻨﻮارهﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در روﯾﺪادﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ (818/0)، ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ (838/0) و وﺟﻮد راﻫﻨﻤﺎ و ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ در ﻣﺤﻞ (814/0) داري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﺪرت ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ در ﺳﺎزه را دارد. ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻋﻠﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫـﺎي ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ Downloaded from hsmsp.modares.ac.ir at 15:45 IRST on Saturday September 25th 2021 اﺳﺖ و ﺷﺪت اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻣﺘﻐﯿـﺮ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي ورزﺷـﯽ (462/0) در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﮑﻨﻮن (ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ) ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ اﺳـﺖ . در ﻧﻬﺎﯾـﺖ ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ اذﻋﺎن داﺷﺖ ﺑﺮازش ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ در اردﺑﯿﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﮐﻠﯿﺪواژﮔﺎن: اﻣﮑﺎن ﺳﻨﺠﯽ، ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ، ﭘﯿﺴﺖ اﺳﮑﯽ آﻟﻮارس، اردﺑﯿﻞ. * ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: Email: [email protected] اﻣﮑﺎنﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ ... _______________________________ ﻧﺎزﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 1- ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺎاﻫﻤﯿﺖﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳـﺖ (اﯾﺮﮐـﺎ و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 2011؛ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ، 2017)؛ ﮐﻪ در دﻫﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ رﺷﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺑـﻮده اﺳـﺖ (ﺑﺎدوﻟﺴـﮑﻮ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 2008). رﺷﺪ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ در ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در دﻫﻪ 1960 آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ و ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ در ﻃﻮل 30 ﺳﺎل ﻫﻢ ازﻧﻈﺮ درآﻣﺪ و ﻫﻢ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮت ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ، رﺷﺪ ﮐﺮد؛ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ رﺷﺪ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ در زﻣـﺎن ﺑﺤـﺮان ﻫـﺎي اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ دﭼﺎر ﺗﺰﻟﺰل ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد و روﻧﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺧﻮد را اداﻣﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. آﻣـﺎر ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ از 25 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻧﻔﺮ در ﺳﺎل 1950 ﺑﻪ ﺑـﯿﺶ از 278 ﻣﯿﻠﯿـﻮن ﻧﻔـﺮ در ﺳـﺎل 1980، 674 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن در ﺳﺎل 2000 و ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎرد و 235 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻧﻔـﺮ در ﺳـﺎل 2016 اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ اﺳــﺖ. (UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2017) ﻃﺒــﻖ ﺑــﺮآورد ﺳــﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬــﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي، اﯾﻦ آﻣﺎر در ﺳـﺎل 2020 ﺑـﻪ 5/1 ﻣﯿﻠﯿـﺎرد ﻧﻔـﺮ ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮ ﻣـﯽ رﺳـﺪ ﮐـﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺣﺪود 2 ﺗﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮن دﻻر و روزاﻧﻪ 5 ﻣﯿﻠﯿـﺎرد دﻻر ﻫﺰﯾﻨـﻪ ﻣـﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ . ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗـﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﺑـﺮدارد. ﻣﻨـﺎﻓﻌﯽ ﻫﻤﭽـﻮن اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺸﻮقﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ ﻫـﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ، ﺑﺎزﺳـﺎزي ﺑﻨﺎﻫـﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ؛ و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻫﻤﻪ اﯾﻦﻫﺎ، ﻣﯽﺗـﻮان ﮔﻔـﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي راﻫـﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺮاي ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي روﺣﯽ و ﻓﺮار از اﺳﺘﺮس روزاﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ (ﺗﺌﻮﺑﺎﻟﺪ، 2005). رﺷﺪ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻫﺪﻓﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮل در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد ( ﺑﺰم آرا و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1396: 96). اﻣـﺮوزه ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي از ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻣﺪن ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ ﺷﮕﺮف در ﺳـﯿﻤﺎي زﻣـﯿﻦ و اوﺿﺎع ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ، ﻣـﻨﺶ و روش زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ اﻧﺴـﺎن ﻫـﺎ را دﮔﺮﮔـﻮن Downloaded from hsmsp.modares.ac.ir at 15:45 IRST on Saturday September 25th 2021 ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد، ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي در اوﺿـﺎع و ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ و آدابورﺳـﻮم ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﯽآورد. اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺳﯿﺮوﺳﻔﺮ در ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ روز 29 ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ (5 ﻣﻬﺮ) ﻫﺮﺳﺎل را روز ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي اﻋﻼم ﮐﻨـﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ورزش ﯾﮑـﯽ از ﺑـﺰرگ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﺻـﻨﺎﯾﻊ در ﺟﻬـﺎن اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿـﺐ آن ﺑـﺎ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﮕﻔﺖاﻧﮕﯿﺰﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﺎم ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي ورزﺷـﯽ ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ (ﻋﺒﺎﺳﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 2014). ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ از ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي اﺳـﺖ و ﺑﻪﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﺣﺎل رﺷﺪ اﺳﺖ (ﻫﺮﯾﺘﺰ و راس، 2010). اﻏﻠﺐ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ 28 ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﻀﺎ __________________________ دورة ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و دوم، ﺷﻤﺎرة 4، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1397 ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ، اﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ را در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻣﻠـﯽ ﺧـﻮد ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪه اﻧﺪ. (ﻣﺸﮑﯿﻨﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1397) ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑـﺮ ﭼـﺎرﭼﻮب ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ رﯾـﺰي در ﮐﺸـﻮرﻫﺎي درﺣـﺎل ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ، ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﺣﺘﯽ در ﺣﺎل رﺷﺪ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي اﺳـﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﻣـ ﯽﺗـﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺷﻬﺮي ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣـ ﯽﮐﻨـﺪ . ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺬب ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ اﻓـﺮاد و ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد رﻓـﺎه اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﻗﺮن 21 ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣﻬـﻢ رﺷـﺪ ﻣﻠـﯽ و رﺷﺪ درآﻣﺪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد (ﻫﻤـﺎ ﻓﺮ و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 2011). در اﻣﺮﯾﮑـﺎ رﺷـﺪ ﺗﻌـﺪاد روﯾﺪادﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﺳﺮﯾﻊﺗﺮ از رﺷﺪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ورزﺷـﮑﺎران ﺷـﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪه در آن اﺳـﺖ. ﻣﯿﻠـﺮ و واﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل 2012 ﺣـﺪود 5/44 ﻣﯿﻠﯿـﺎرد دﻻر در آﻣﺮﯾﮑـﺎ ﺻـﺮف ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ورزش ﺷﺪه و ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺰرﮔﺴﺎل ﮐﻪ درروﯾـﺪادﻫﺎ و ﻣﺴـﺎﺑﻘﺎت ورزﺷـﯽ ﺷـﺮﮐﺖ داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ ﺳـﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻي 50 ﻣﯿﻠﯿـﻮن ﻧﻔـﺮ اﺳـﺖ. ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺮت ﻫـﺎ ي داﺧﻠـﯽ، ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮتﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ روﯾـﺪادﻫﺎي ﺑـﺰرگ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺎم ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎل ﺑﺎزيﻫﺎي اﻟﻤﭙﯿﮏ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﯽﺷﻤﺎري ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺟـﺬب ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، روﯾﺪادﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮑﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮان ﺑـ ﯽﺷـﻤﺎري از ﺳﺮاﺳـﺮ ﺟﻬـﺎن ﺟﺬب ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ (ﻣﯿﻠﺮ و واﺷﻨﮕﺘﻮن، 2013). ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﻣﯽدﻫـﺪ اﮐﺜـﺮ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎن از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اﻣﺎرات، ﻫﻨـﮓﮐﻨـﮓ ، ﺗﺎﯾﻠﻨـﺪ، ﭼـﯿﻦ، ﻓﯿﻠﯿﭙـﯿﻦ، ﺗـﺎﯾﻮان، ژاﭘـﻦ و ﻋﺮﺑﺴـﺘﺎن ﺑـﺮاي روﯾﺪادﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎراﺗﻦ ﺟﺎﮐﺎرﺗﺎ و ﻣﺎرﺗﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﯽ ﺑـﻮده و ﺑـﯿﺶ از 2/1 ﻣﯿﻠﯿـﻮن ﻧﻔـﺮ در ﺳـﺎل 2008 از ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت ﻟﯿﮓ ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎل اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺲ دﯾﺪن ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ (ﮐﻮي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 2016). ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪوﯾـﮋه ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي اﺳـﮑﯽ اﻣـﺮوزه در ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﮐﻮﻫﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺸـﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه وﯾﮋهاي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻃﺮﻓﺪاران ﺑﺴﯿﺎر و ﺑﺎزﺗﺎبﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاوان اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي Downloaded from hsmsp.modares.ac.ir at 15:45 IRST on Saturday September 25th 2021 در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﻓﺎه اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در دﺳﺘﻮر ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي در ﺟﻬﺎن ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ (ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﺎز ﻗﺒـﺎدي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1393). ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ اﺣﺪاث ﭘﯿﺴﺖﻫﺎي اﺳﮑﯽ (وﺟﻮد ﯾﮏ دوره ﺳـﺮد در ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ در آن ﻃﯽ ﻣﺪت ﭼﻬـﺎر ﻣـﺎه ﻋﻤـﻖ ﺑـﺮف از 50 ﺳـﺎﻧﺘ ﯽﻣﺘـﺮ ﻫﺮﮔـﺰ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﺎﺑﺪ) در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ رﺷﺘﻪﮐﻮه زاﮔﺮس و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از رﺷﺘﻪﮐﻮه اﻟﺒﺮز ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻫـﺎ ي ﻣﺮﮐﺰي و ﻏﺮﺑﯽ آن اﻣﮑﺎن اﯾﺠﺎد ﭘﯿﺴﺖﻫﺎي اﺳﮑﯽ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ورزشﻫـﺎ ي زﻣﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ وﺟـﻮد دارد . ﻏﻨﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪازﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﯾﻊ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺟﺎذﺑﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮدمﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ 29 اﻣﮑﺎنﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ ... _______________________________ ﻧﺎزﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﺘﻮان آنﻫﺎ را ازﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﺪه آل ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ورزشﻫﺎي زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر آورد (ﺑﻨﺴـﺒﺮدي و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 1392). ﺟﺬاﺑﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ در ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻏﻨﯽﺗﺮ از زﻣﺴـﺘﺎن اﺳـﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ازﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣﮑﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ داراي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻗـﻮي در ﺑﺨـﺶ ﮐﻮﻫﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ اﺳـﺖ. ازﻧﻈـﺮ زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آن اﺷﺎرهﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ازﻧﻈـﺮ ﺟـﺬاﺑﯿﺖﻫـﺎي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪاي و درﯾﺎﭼﻪ و ﺗﺎﻻب، اﮔﺮﭼﻪ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ زﯾﺒـﺎﯾﯽ اﯾـﻦ ﺟﺎذﺑـﻪﻫـﺎ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ درك ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ وﻟﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺟﺬاﺑﯿﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﺬاﺑﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ ﻃﺒـﻖ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﺎت اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه در ﻃﺮح ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي اﺳﺘﺎن در وﺿـﻌﯿﺖ ﺿـﻌﯿﻔﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ اﻧـﺪ. ازﻧﻈـﺮ ﺟـﺬاﺑ ﯿﺖﻫـﺎي ورزش زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ و آبﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺧﻮﺑﯽ در اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺣﺎﮐﻢ اﺳـﺖ و ﺟﻬـﺖ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺣﺴﺎبﺷﺪهاي ﺑـﺮاي ورزشﻫـﺎ ي زﻣﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻻزم اﺳـﺖ ؛ و در ﻓﺼـﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻃﯿﻒ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺤﯽورزﺷﯽ را ﻣﯽﺗـﻮان اﻧﺠـﺎم داد. ﻟـﺬا اﺳـﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿـﻞ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ درزﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺟﻠﺐ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻋـﺎم و ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ روﯾـﺪادﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺧﺎص دارد (ﻧﻮﺑﺨﺖ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،1393). ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﺣـﺪاث ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺤﯽ و ﭘﯿﺴﺖ اﺳﮑﯽ آﻟﻮارس ﺳﺮﻋﯿﻦ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺟﺴـﺘﺠﻮي ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎ و ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎي اﺳـﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿـﻞ در ورزشﻫـﺎ ي زﻣﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ و اﻣﮑـﺎنﺳـﻨﺠ ﯽ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ آن از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان، ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ورزﺷﯽ اﺳﺖ. 2- ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ رﺷﺪ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي و ورزش ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، وﻟﯽ اواﺧﺮ ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط ذاﺗﯽ ورزش و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺳﺎل 1980 ﻣﯿﻼدي 1 ﮔﻼﭘﺪﯾﺲ و دي ﻧﺎپ ﺷﺮوع ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ورزش در ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻼت ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در درﺟﻪ اول Downloaded from hsmsp.modares.ac.ir at 15:45 IRST on Saturday September 25th 2021 ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗـﺮارداد . از ﺳـﺎل 1990 ﺑـﺎ ﭼـﺎپ و اﻧﺘﺸـﺎر ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎي ژاﭘﻨﯽ، آﻣﺮﯾﮑـﺎي ﺷـﻤﺎﻟﯽ، اﺳـﺘﺮاﻟﯿﺎ و زﻻﻧـﺪ ﻧـﻮ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ اروﭘـﺎ ادﺑﯿـﺎت ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ ﻏﻨﯽﺗﺮ ﺷﺪ (ﮔﯿﺒﺴﻮن، 2003). ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 2000 ﺗﺎ 2006 ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺑﺮﺗﺮي در ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﮐﺜﺮاً ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع رﻓﺘﺎر ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻮده و دﯾﮕـﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﺼﺮفﮐﻨﻨﺪه در ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ اﺧﺘﺼـﺎص داﺷـﺘﻪ 1. Glyptis and De Knop 30 ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﻀﺎ __________________________ دورة ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و دوم، ﺷﻤﺎرة 4، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1397 اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻮﭼﺖ1 و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ورزﺷﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨـﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﻣﺮدمﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﮐﯿﻢ و ﭼﺎﻟﯿﭗ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪي و ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺮﮐﺖ در روﯾﺪاد ورزﺷﯽ را اراﺋﻪ دادهاﻧﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺟﺬب ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ، ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺰﻧﺪه، اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ﺳـﻔ ﺮ، واﺳـﻄﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺟﺎذﺑﻪﻫﺎ و داﻓﻌﻪﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ﺣﻀﻮر اﺳﺖ (ﮔﻮي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 2016). ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از دﻻﯾﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﺎت و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي ورزﺷـﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ اﺻﻞ زﯾﺮ اﺷﺎره ﻧﻤﻮد. 1- اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﯿﺖ روﯾﺪادﻫﺎي ورزﺷـﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ اﻟﻤﭙﯿـﮏ و ﺟـﺎم ﻫـﺎي ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ.
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