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The Preparedness of Tunggak Community Dealing with Drought Disaster, Grobogan Regency

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The Preparedness of Tunggak Community Dealing with Drought Disaster, Grobogan Regency International Journal of Research and Review Vol.8; Issue: 1; January 2021 Website: www.ijrrjournal.com Research Paper E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 The Preparedness of Tunggak Community Dealing with Drought Disaster, Grobogan Regency 1 2 3 Diyah Saputri Ayu Sartikasari , Puji Hardati , Ananto Aji 1Master Program Student of Geography Education, 2,3 Depatement of Geography, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang City, Indonesia Corresponding Author: Diyah Saputri Ayu Sartikasari ABSTRACT Keywords: SPI, Preparedness, Drought Disaster Drought disaster is geosphere events that occur INTRODUCTION in a long period of time that giving impact of Drought is one of the geosphere society in terms of social, economic and phenomena that occur in the Earth’s environmental aspects. Drought disaster that atmosphere which affects rainfall, low often occurs in the Village of Tunggak has made rainfall on a certain time scale resulting in a BPBD Grobogan Regency distributing clean water assistance in the last 6 years. Drought depletion of water in the community. The conditions require preparedness to respond to a severity of drought triggered by rising situation of disaster preparedness precisely to global temperatures (global warming) that minimize the impact of drought. This study encourages the occurrence of climate goals to detect forecasts in the early months of change is characterized by increasing the drought in station rain area of Toroh Sub- extreme climate events (Adib, 2014; S. district and to determine the community's Nugroho, 2019; Rasmikayati & Djuwendah, preparedness for dealing with drought in 2015). Extreme climate events around the Tunggak Village, Grobogan Regency. Detect world affect the intensity of ENSO (El forecasts in the early months of the drought used Nino-Southem Osicillation) in the Pacific data on rainfall monthly index calculated by Ocean, so it can increasing the frequency method of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in accordance with WMO (World and intensity of hydrometeorological Meteorological Organization) guidelines and disasters (Räsänen et al., 2016; Sudarma & analysis of preparedness index data referring to As-syakur, 2018). LIPI UNESCO/USDR, 2006. The results Drought is often defined as a rainfall showed that in the early months of drought deficit that occurs in a region lasting a forecasts occurring in May with an SPI value of- period (Solh & Van Ginkel, 2014). Drought 2.10 which is included in the classification of is classified into four types namely Extreme Dry, so that when entering May, the meteorological drought, hydrological community can prepare to face drought. drought, agricultural drought and socio- Meanwhile, the preparedness of Tunggak economic drought (UNISDR, 2009; Wilhite community in facing drought disasters is et al., 2014). Meteorological drought stems classified as Less Ready based on knowledge indicators, emergency response plans and from climate activities that decrease rainfall resource mobility. While the value of each intensity under normal conditions (Brito et indicator is 41.4% with the Less Ready al., 2018). Meteorological drought can be an classification for the knowledge indicator, 55% early parameter of drought events in a is classified as Nearly Ready for the emergency region that will continue into hydrological response plan indicator and 46.4% which is droughts and agricultural droughts, if included in the Less Ready classification for the rainfall is below normal conditions resource mobility indicator. continuously. International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 90 Vol.8; Issue: 1; January 2021 Diyah Saputri Ayu Sartikasari et.al. The preparedness of Tunggak community dealing with drought disaster, Grobogan Regency A phenomenon can be said to be a Toroh sub-district is a region that is disaster when society or humans are often hit by drought. Based on the data from affected by it (Aji, 2015). Drought of the Regional Disaster Management Agency phenomena in a region makes people’s (BPBD) Grobogan Regency 2019, it is wells dry up and water supplies in the soil known that drought disasters often occur so are depleted, it is causing disruption of that it becomes the district that most often human life because water is one of the gets clean water supply assistance from important components in human daily BPBD. In this sub-district, Tunggak Village activities. is the village that has the cleanest water Water is used for various purposes, supply in the last six years (2013-2019) in those are cooking, drinking, bathing, each dry season. Tunggak Village has washing, up to agricultural, industrial, and received 72 tanks of clean water from service needs (Hardati, 2015). So, the role BPBD Grobogan Regency, to help the of water is very important in the joints of community in meeting the needs of clean human life ranging from household water. activities, farming to industry is in desperate The supply of clean water assistance need of proper water supply so that the lack by BPBD starts from July to November to of water that lasts a long time can decrease drought-prone villages in Toroh Sub- the quality of human life. district, including Tunggak Village. Based Drought disasters that are repeated on information from BPBD, the dry season every year make themselves as the world’s in Central Java each year on average starts most expensive natural disasters (Hao et al., in June or July which conveyed by BMKG 2014). The prolonged drought has increased through an official letter to BPBD. water demand on a huge scale, limited water Information from the BMKG is distributed availability and high distribution costs have by BPBD throughout the sub-district in made all demands unable to be fulfilled, Grobogan, then from the sub-district which makes the impact and losses due to informs all villages in the region about the drought even worse. month of the dry season. Drought disaster based on the The dry season is identical to the drought risk assessment, there are 10 drought indicated by the rainfall deficit and provinces that are focus of drought disaster the depletion of water supplies in the management activities, one of which is community, the first month of drought Central Java with a total number of people disaster varies by region. In addition, to the exposed to drought risk as much as information from BMKG, the initial month 30,468,131 people (BNPB, 2019). Grobogan of drought disaster can use rainfall data regency is a limestone mountainous region from Toroh Rain Station which is calculated so it has a high potential to experience temporally by using the standardized drought disasters every coming dry season precipitation index (SPI) as a preventive (Yuwana et al., 2017). Grobogan District measure to detect meteorological drought, has 6 reservoirs, 32 rivers, 33 small dams of course the use of SPI will be more and 91 water springs spread across 19 accurate to detect the early months of districts with maximum temperatures drought in the area of Toroh Rain Station reaching 34ºC in the dry season (DLH and scheduling clean water assistance Grobogan Regency). Although having many supplies in the Toroh region is also more water sources, it does not make Grobogan accurate. Regency escape from drought, in fact The community is the main party almost every year Grobogan Regency run who feels the impact of an incident directly into a drought disaster almost every year (Fahri et al., 2012). Drought does not only (Hardati et al., 2020; Purwanto & Supangat, affects the economic sector but also affects 2017). social conditions through farmers’ debt, International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 91 Vol.8; Issue: 1; January 2021 Diyah Saputri Ayu Sartikasari et.al. The preparedness of Tunggak community dealing with drought disaster, Grobogan Regency migration, malnutrition and disease, it is the drought that often occurs almost every necessary to respond to emergency response year. Toroh Rain Station was chosen (Gutiérrez et al., 2014). The impact of because the observation area includes drought disasters is increasing while the Tunggak Village and surrounding villages. people of Toroh are not ready to face Tunggak Village has an area of 1975.86 km2 disasters, so the community needs to take and is between the positions 110º 32’- preventive measures to reduce the risk of 111º15’ East Longitude and 6º55’-7º16’ disaster. South Latitude (see Figure 1) LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR (2006) risk reduction before disasters occur includes preparedness, mitigation and prevention. Preparedness is emphasized on preparing the ability to be able to carry out emergency response activities quickly and appropriately, under UNESCO’s coordination of education for disaster risk reduction to be the initial cause for the ideals of making a strong society that is responsive and resilient to disasters. Aji (2015) highlighted the importance of studies on disaster management, especially disaster preparedness, which is needed to manage disasters in the future. With preparedness study, it is hoped that in the future the level of vulnerability can be gradually improve through various preparedness measures. Based on the description above, where the drought always threatens every Figure 1: Research Location year in Grobogan Regency, especially in Source: (Results of analysis, 2020) Taroh District, including Tunggak Village, This study uses quantitative it is necessary to detect an early prediction approach in detecting the forecast of the of the occurrence of drought. With the early month of drought by using data on detection of drought forecasts, drought Toroh Rain Station. Analysis of rainfall data disaster mitigation can be carried out (empirical) collected at this station uses the quickly and precisely. Therefore, research SPI 3 data analysis method. SPI 3 was on drought is needed, especially early chosen because it can be used to determine detection of drought. At the same time, seasonal rainfall deficits that are divided research on community preparedness in into positive and negative values. dealing with drought disasters also needs to Consideration of the initial time be carried out to reduce the risk of disasters determination of drought is based on the experienced by local communities.
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