Study of the Inhibitory Activity of Phenolic Compounds Found in Olive
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Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam Msc and Allister Vale MD
Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD April 2015 CONTENTS General Toxicology 9 Metals 44 Management 22 Pesticides 49 Drugs 23 Chemical Warfare 51 Chemical Incidents & 36 Plants 52 Pollution Chemicals 37 Animals 52 CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH Acute toxicity profile of tolperisone in overdose: observational poison centre-based study Martos V, Hofer KE, Rauber-Lüthy C, Schenk-Jaeger KM, Kupferschmidt H, Ceschi A. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1022896: Introduction Tolperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant that acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. There is a lack of information on the clinical features of tolperisone poisoning in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographics, circumstances and clinical features of acute overdoses with tolperisone. Methods An observational study of acute overdoses of tolperisone, either alone or in combination with one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in a dose range not expected to cause central nervous system effects, in adults and children (< 16 years), reported to our poison centre between 1995 and 2013. Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle Units. The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England Results 75 cases were included: 51 females (68%) and 24 males (32%); 45 adults (60%) and 30 children (40%). Six adults (13%) and 17 children (57%) remained asymptomatic, and mild symptoms were seen in 25 adults (56%) and 10 children (33%). -
Redalyc.Identification and Characterisation of Phenolic
Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos ISSN: 0101-2061 [email protected] Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Brasil LEOUIFOUDI, Inass; ZYAD, Abdelmajid; AMECHROUQ, Ali; OUKERROU, Moulay Ali; MOUSE, Hassan Ait; MBARKI, Mohamed Identification and characterisation of phenolic compounds extracted from Moroccan olive mill wastewater Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, vol. 34, núm. 2, abril-junio, 2014, pp. 249-257 Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=395940095005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Food Science and Technology ISSN 0101-2061 DDOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/fst.2014.0051 Identification and characterisation of phenolic compounds extracted from Moroccan olive mill wastewater Inass LEOUIFOUDI1,2*, Abdelmajid ZYAD2, Ali AMECHROUQ3, Moulay Ali OUKERROU2, Hassan Ait MOUSE2, Mohamed MBARKI1 Abstract Olive mill wastewater, hereafter noted as OMWW was tested for its composition in phenolic compounds according to geographical areas of olive tree, i.e. the plain and the mountainous areas of Tadla-Azilal region (central Morocco). Biophenols extraction with ethyl acetate was efficient and the phenolic extract from the mountainous areas had the highest concentration of total phenols’ content. Fourier-Transform-Middle Infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy of the extracts revealed vibration bands corresponding to acid, alcohol and ketone functions. Additionally, HPLC-ESI-MS analyses showed that phenolic alcohols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, secoiridoids and derivatives and lignans represent the most abundant phenolic compounds. -
Polyphenols in Cancer Prevention: New Insights (Review)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL NUTRITION 1: 9, 2020 Polyphenols in cancer prevention: New insights (Review) GIUSI BRIGUGLIO1, CHIARA COSTA2, MANUELA POLLICINO1, FEDERICA GIAMBÒ1, STEFANIA CATANIA1 and CONCETTINA FENGA1 1Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho‑functional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, and 2Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy Received July 30, 2020; Accepted September 21, 2020 DOI:10.3892/ijfn.2020.9 Abstract. A huge volume of literature data suggests that a diet Contents rich in fruits and vegetables, mostly due to the contribution of natural polyphenols, could reduce the incidence of specific 1. Introduction cancers. Resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin 2. Literature search are among the most extensively studied polyphenols: The 3. Classification of polyphenols majority of the effects attributed to these compounds are 4. Prostate cancer linked to their antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties. 5. Colon cancer The multiple mechanisms involved include the modulation 6. Breast cancer of molecular events and signaling pathways associated with 7. Lung cancer cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angio‑ 8. Bladder cancer genesis, hormonal activities, detoxification enzymes and 9. Skin cancer immune responses. Notwithstanding their promising role in 10. Pancreatic cancer cancer prevention and treatment, polyphenols often have a 11. Leukemia poor bioavailability when administered as pure active prin‑ -
Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters
©2019 The Author(s) This is an Open Access book distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying and redistribution for non- commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited and that any new works are made available on the same conditions (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This does not affect the rights licensed or assigned from any third party in this book. This title was made available Open Access through a partnership with Knowledge Unlatched. IWA Publishing would like to thank all of the libraries for pledging to support the transition of this title to Open Access through the KU Select 2018 program. Downloaded from http://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book-pdf/521267/wio9781780401416.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial This book covers the most recent scientific and technological developments (state-of-the-art) in the field of chemical oxidation processes applicable for the Chemical Oxidation efficient treatment of biologically-difficult-to-degrade, toxic and/or recalcitrant effluents originating from different manufacturing processes. It is a comprehensive Applications for review of process and pollution profiles as well as conventional, advanced and emerging treatment processes & technologies developed for the most relevant and pollution (wet processing)-intensive industrial sectors. Industrial Wastewaters It addresses chemical/photochemical oxidative treatment processes, case- Olcay Tünay, Işık Kabdaşlı, Idil Arslan-Alaton and Tuğba Ölmez-Hancı specific treatability problems of major industrial sectors, emerging (novel) as well as pilot/full-scale applications, process integration, treatment system design & sizing criteria (figure-of merits), cost evaluation and success stories in the application of chemical oxidative treatment processes. -
Thyroid-Modulating Activities of Olive and Its Polyphenols: a Systematic Review
nutrients Review Thyroid-Modulating Activities of Olive and Its Polyphenols: A Systematic Review Kok-Lun Pang 1,† , Johanna Nathania Lumintang 2,† and Kok-Yong Chin 1,* 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-3-91459573 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Olive oil, which is commonly used in the Mediterranean diet, is known for its health benefits related to the reduction of the risks of cancer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disease. These unique properties are attributed to the phytochemicals with potent antioxidant activities in olive oil. Olive leaf also harbours similar bioactive compounds. Several studies have reported the effects of olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extract in the modulation of thyroid activities. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of olive derivatives on thyroid function. A comprehensive search was conducted in October 2020 using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Cellular, animal, and human studies reporting the effects of olive derivatives, including olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extracts on thyroid function were considered. The literature search found 445 articles on this topic, but only nine articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All included articles were animal studies involving the administration of olive oil, olive leaf extract, or olive pomace residues orally. -
Oleuropein Or Rutin Consumption Decreases the Spontaneous Development of Osteoarthritis in the Hartley Guinea Pig
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 23 (2015) 94e102 Oleuropein or rutin consumption decreases the spontaneous development of osteoarthritis in the Hartley guinea pig M.-N. Horcajada y a, C. Sanchez z a, F. Membrez Scalfo y, P. Drion x, F. Comblain z, * S. Taralla k, A.-F. Donneau ¶, E.A. Offord y, Y. Henrotin z # y Nestle Research Center, Nutrition and Health Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne 26 1000, Switzerland z Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropole,^ University of Liege, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liege, Belgium x GIGA CHU Animal Facility, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium k Artialis SA, 4000 Liege Belgium ¶ Public Health Department, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium # Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Princess Paola Hospital, Marche-en-famenne, Belgium article info summary Article history: Objective: To assess the potential protective effects of three polyphenols oleuropein, rutin and curcumin, Received 10 February 2014 on joint ageing and osteoarthritis (OA) development. Accepted 28 August 2014 Design: Sixty 4-week-old DunkineHartley guinea pigs were randomized into four groups and received daily during 31 weeks either standard guinea pig diet (control group) or a standard guinea pig diet Keywords: enriched with oleuropein (0.025%), rutin (0.5%) or rutin/curcumin (0.5%/0.25%) association. Biomarkers Osteoarthritis of OA (Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO2, Fib3-1, Fib3-2, ARGS), as well as inflammation prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were Phytonutrients quantified in the serum. Histological assessments of knee cartilage and synovial membrane were per- Oleuropein fi Rutin formed at week 4 ( ve young reference guinea pigs) and week 35. -
Hydroxytyrosol but Not Resveratrol Ingestion Induced an Acute Increment of Post Exercise Blood Flow in Brachial Artery
Health, 2016, 8, 1766-1777 http://www.scirp.org/journal/health ISSN Online: 1949-5005 ISSN Print: 1949-4998 Hydroxytyrosol But Not Resveratrol Ingestion Induced an Acute Increment of Post Exercise Blood Flow in Brachial Artery Giorgia Sarais1, Antonio Crisafulli2, Daniele Concu3, Andrea Fois4, Abdallah Raweh5, Alberto Concu3,5 1Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy 2Laboratory of Sports Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy 3IIC Technologies Ltd., Cagliari, Italy 4EventFeel Ltd., Cagliari, Italy 5Medical Sciences Faculty, The LUdeS Foundation Higher Education Institution, Kalkara, Malta How to cite this paper: Sarais, G., Crisaful- Abstract li, A., Concu, D., Fois, A., Raweh, A. and Concu, A. (2016) Hydroxytyrosol But Not The aim of this study was to test if previous ingestion of compounds containing res- Resveratrol Ingestion Induced an Acute veratrol or hydroxytyrosol, followed by an exhausting hand grip exercise, could in- Increment of Post Exercise Blood Flow in duce an acute post-exercise increase in brachial blood flow. Six healthy subjects Brachial Artery. Health, 8, 1766-1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2016.815170 (three males and three females, 35 ± 7 years), 60 minutes after ingestion of a capsule containing 200 mg of resveratrol or 30 ml of extra virgin olive oil enriched with ty- Received: August 19, 2016 rosol, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, performed a hand grip exercise equal to half of Accepted: December 11, 2016 their maximum strength until they were no longer able to express the same force Published: December 14, 2016 (2-day interval between tests). The nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was Copyright © 2016 by authors and used for statistical evaluations. -
Reducing Toxic Reactive Carbonyl Species in E-Cigarette Emissions
RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Reducing toxic reactive carbonyl species in e- cigarette emissions: testing a harm-reduction Cite this: RSC Adv., 2020, 10,21535 strategy based on dicarbonyl trapping Bruna de Falco, †af Antonios Petridis,†ac Poornima Paramasivan,b Antonio Dario Troise, de Andrea Scaloni,e Yusuf Deeni,b W. Edryd Stephens*c and Alberto Fiore *a Reducing the concentration of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) in e-cigarette emissions represents a major goal to control their potentially harmful effects. Here, we adopted a novel strategy of trapping carbonyls present in e-cigarette emissions by adding polyphenols in e-liquid formulations. Our work showed that the addition of gallic acid, hydroxytyrosol and epigallocatechin gallate reduced the levels of carbonyls formed in the aerosols of vaped e-cigarettes, including formaldehyde, methylglyoxal and glyoxal. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis highlighted the formation of covalent adducts between Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. aromatic rings and dicarbonyls in both e-liquids and vaped samples, suggesting that dicarbonyls were formed in the e-liquids as degradation products of propylene glycol and glycerol before vaping. Short- Received 6th March 2020 term cytotoxic analysis on two lung cellular models showed that dicarbonyl-polyphenol adducts are not Accepted 29th May 2020 cytotoxic, even though carbonyl trapping did not improve cell viability. Our work sheds lights on the DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02138e ability of polyphenols to trap RCS in high carbonyl e-cigarette emissions, suggesting their potential value rsc.li/rsc-advances in commercial e-liquid formulations. Introduction smoking-related symptoms and conditions to become manifest, This article is licensed under a it is too early to evaluate the long-term clinical effects of vaping The use of e-cigarettes is a major issue in public health. -
Biofactors in Food Promote Health by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function
ReVieW aRticle ▼ Biofactors in food promote health by enhancing mitochondrial function by Sonia F. Shenoy, Winyoo Chowanadisai, Edward Sharman, Carl L. Keen, Jiankang Liu and Robert B. Rucker Mitochondrial function has been linked to protection from and symptom reduc- UC Davis M. Steinberg, Francine tion in chronic diseases such as heart dis- ease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We review a number of phytochemicals and biofactors that influence mitochon- drial function and oxidative metabolism. These include resveratrol found in grapes; several plant-derived flavonoids (quercetin, epicatechin, catechin and procyanidins); and two tyrosine-derived quinones, hydroxytyrosol in olive oil and pyrroloquinoline quinone, a minor but ubiquitous component of plant and animal tissues. In plants, these biofac- tors serve as pigments, phytoalexins or growth factors. In animals, positive nutritional and physiological attributes Biofactors in food play a role in enhancing mitochondrial function, thereby decreasing the risk of some chronic diseases. Top, a mouse that has been deprived of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), have been established for each, particu- a ubiquitous bacterial compound found in fermented products, tea, cocoa and legumes. Above, a larly with respect to their ability to affect mouse fed a diet containing PQQ. energy metabolism, cell signaling and mitochondrial function. that our body does not normally produce) attributes has been described and vali- that must be either eliminated or put to dated for each of these compounds. novel uses in the body. Many xenobiotics Biological properties of resveratrol ne of the most promising current ar- in foods can influence specific metabolic Oeas of nutritional research focuses on functions, acting as bioactive factors (bio- Resveratrol is a stilbenoid (a type of plant compounds with positive health ef- factors). -
High Purity Hydroxytyrosol Protects Skin Cells from Environmental Stressors and Increases In-Vitro Cell Viability
Personal Care Consumer Care High Purity Hydroxytyrosol Protects Skin Cells from Environmental Stressors and Increases in-vitro Cell Viability Philip Ludwig, Laura Szymczak Abstract Olive oil and its various polyphenols have long been known to have tails of the precise relationship between ROS-induced damage and aging internal and topical health benefits. Hydroxytyrosol is one of the main remain to be elucidated. actives found in olives and has multiple benefits for protecting skin cells Chronic exposure to sunlight is a significant extrinsic aging factor. against environmental stresses. Our research has found that hydroxy- Generation of ROS and modifications of DNA and other critical cellular tyrosol is able to reduce reactive oxidative species and protect against macromolecules by UV are damaging to the skin (1). UVA exposure of photoaging. An in vitro study found that hydroxytyrosol increases cell fibroblasts stimulates expression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, viability of fibroblasts after UVA and UVB irradiation. Part of the mech- which degrades collagen (3). Upon exposure to UV light, there is an in- anism of this increased cell viability may be through hydroxytyrosol crease of ROS in the skin, along with an increase of MMP-1 and a poten- reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under UV tial decrease in cell viability. These may eventually lead to hyperpigmen- irradiation. This detected reduction in ROS may decrease the damage of tation, uneven skin texture and sagging skin. cellular structures and processes within the cells. ROS and UV exposure trigger matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Hydroxytyrosol was also found There are extensive literature references for plant based compounds to reduce the level of MMPs. -
Bioconversion Using Lactic Acid Bacteria: Ginsenosides, GABA, and Phenolic Compounds Na-Kyoung Lee1 and Hyun-Dong Paik1,2*
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2017), 27(5), 869–877 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1612.12005 Research Article Review jmb Bioconversion Using Lactic Acid Bacteria: Ginsenosides, GABA, and Phenolic Compounds Na-Kyoung Lee1 and Hyun-Dong Paik1,2* 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, 2Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea Received: December 14, 2016 Revised: February 24, 2017 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used as fermentation starters in vegetable and dairy products Accepted: March 15, 2017 and influence the pH and flavors of foods. For many centuries, LAB have been used to manufacture fermented foods; therefore, they are generally regarded as safe. LAB produce various substances, such as lactic acid, β-glucosidase, and β-galactosidase, making them First published online useful as fermentation starters. Existing functional substances have been assessed as March 15, 2017 fermentation substrates for better component bioavailability or other functions. Representative *Corresponding author materials that were bioconverted using LAB have been reported and include minor Phone: +82-2-2049-6011; ginsenosides, γ-aminobutyric acid, equol, aglycones, bioactive isoflavones, genistein, and Fax: +82-2-455-3082; daidzein, among others. Fermentation mainly involves polyphenol and polysaccharide E-mail: [email protected] substrates and is conducted using bacterial strains such as Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium sp. In this review, we summarize recent studies of pISSN 1017-7825, eISSN 1738-8872 bioconversion using LAB and discuss future directions for this field. Copyright© 2017 by The Korean Society for Microbiology Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, fermentation, bioconversion, phenolic compound, β-glucosidase and Biotechnology Introduction be selected for their potential nutritional benefits. -
The Potential of Polyphenols
[NUTRACEUTICALS] by Linda Milo Ohr The Potential of Polyphenols ocoa, green tea, grape seed, presented at the 2012 24th Scientific associated with the Dept. of olive oil, and apple may not taste Meeting of the International Society Preventive Cardiology at University Cgood together, but they have one of Hypertension demonstrated that of California, Davis, where research- thing in common. All have been stud- regular supplementation with ers have conducted numerous ied for their health benefits due to Resvida® resveratrol from DSM clinical and in vitro studies. One clini- polyphenols that are extracted from Nutritional Products, Parsippany, cal study involving patients with them. Cocoa flavanols, green tea N.J. (www.dsm.com/human-nutri- metabolic syndrome showed inci- catechins, grape seed polyphenols, tion), had a positive and sustained dental blood pressure reductions apple polyphenols, and olive effect on circulatory function in averaging 12 mmHg for systolic and hydroxytyrosol have been shown to obese, mildly hypertensive adults 8 mmHg for diastolic pressures. In benefit overall health, cardiovascular (DSM, 2012). Resvida is a form of another study, participants with pre- health, metabolism, and more. Here trans-resveratrol, suitable for use in hypertension took 300 mg of is a look at some of these polyphenol various types of foods and dietary MegaNatural-BP once a day for two ingredients. supplements. months. Blood pressure monitoring The researchers gave 28 subjects averaged 8 mmHg lower in systolic Green tea contains the Grape Extracts 75 mg of Resvida per day for six and 5 mmHg lower in diastolic pres- polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate, which is said to Grape polyphenols such as resvera- weeks.