Quercetin and Hydroxytyrosol As Modulators of Hepatic
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Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam Msc and Allister Vale MD
Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD April 2015 CONTENTS General Toxicology 9 Metals 44 Management 22 Pesticides 49 Drugs 23 Chemical Warfare 51 Chemical Incidents & 36 Plants 52 Pollution Chemicals 37 Animals 52 CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH Acute toxicity profile of tolperisone in overdose: observational poison centre-based study Martos V, Hofer KE, Rauber-Lüthy C, Schenk-Jaeger KM, Kupferschmidt H, Ceschi A. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1022896: Introduction Tolperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant that acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. There is a lack of information on the clinical features of tolperisone poisoning in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographics, circumstances and clinical features of acute overdoses with tolperisone. Methods An observational study of acute overdoses of tolperisone, either alone or in combination with one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in a dose range not expected to cause central nervous system effects, in adults and children (< 16 years), reported to our poison centre between 1995 and 2013. Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle Units. The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England Results 75 cases were included: 51 females (68%) and 24 males (32%); 45 adults (60%) and 30 children (40%). Six adults (13%) and 17 children (57%) remained asymptomatic, and mild symptoms were seen in 25 adults (56%) and 10 children (33%). -
Redalyc.Identification and Characterisation of Phenolic
Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos ISSN: 0101-2061 [email protected] Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Brasil LEOUIFOUDI, Inass; ZYAD, Abdelmajid; AMECHROUQ, Ali; OUKERROU, Moulay Ali; MOUSE, Hassan Ait; MBARKI, Mohamed Identification and characterisation of phenolic compounds extracted from Moroccan olive mill wastewater Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, vol. 34, núm. 2, abril-junio, 2014, pp. 249-257 Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=395940095005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Food Science and Technology ISSN 0101-2061 DDOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/fst.2014.0051 Identification and characterisation of phenolic compounds extracted from Moroccan olive mill wastewater Inass LEOUIFOUDI1,2*, Abdelmajid ZYAD2, Ali AMECHROUQ3, Moulay Ali OUKERROU2, Hassan Ait MOUSE2, Mohamed MBARKI1 Abstract Olive mill wastewater, hereafter noted as OMWW was tested for its composition in phenolic compounds according to geographical areas of olive tree, i.e. the plain and the mountainous areas of Tadla-Azilal region (central Morocco). Biophenols extraction with ethyl acetate was efficient and the phenolic extract from the mountainous areas had the highest concentration of total phenols’ content. Fourier-Transform-Middle Infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy of the extracts revealed vibration bands corresponding to acid, alcohol and ketone functions. Additionally, HPLC-ESI-MS analyses showed that phenolic alcohols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, secoiridoids and derivatives and lignans represent the most abundant phenolic compounds. -
The Effect of the Flavonoids Quercetin and Genistein on The
THE EFFECT OF THE FLAVONOIDS QUERCETIN AND GENISTEIN ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES Cu, Zn SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE, AND GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS by ANNETTE CAIRNS GOVERNO (Under the Direction of Joan G. Fischer) ABSTRACT Quercetin (QC) and genistein (GS) are phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables. These compounds may exert protective effects by altering antioxidant enzyme activities. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of QC and GS supplementation on the activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver, and SOD activity in red blood cells (RBC), as well as the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP). Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (n=7-8 group) were fed quercetin at 0.3, 0.6 or 0.9g/100g of diet or genistein at 0.008, 0.012, or 0.02g/100g diet for 14d. GS supplementation significantly increased liver GSHPx activity compared to control (p<0.01). GS did not significantly alter activities of liver SOD and GR, or RBC SOD. QC did not significantly alter antioxidant enzyme activities in liver or RBC. Neither QC nor GS increased the antioxidant capacity of serum. In conclusion, low levels of GS significantly increased liver GSHPx activity, which may contribute to this isoflavone’s protective effects. INDEX WORDS: Flavonoids, Quercetin, Genistein, Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase THE EFFECT OF THE FLAVONOIDS QUERCETIN AND GENISTEIN ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES Cu, Zn SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE, AND GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS by ANNETTE CAIRNS GOVERNO B., S. -
In Vivo Analysis of Bisphenol
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2019; 5(S1): 28-36 28 Research Article In vivo analysis of bisphenol A-induced sub-chronic toxicity on reproductive accessory glands of male mice and its amelioration by quercetin Sanman Samova, Hetal Doctor, Dimple Damore, Ramtej Verma Department of Zoology, BMTC and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India Received: 20 December 2018 Revised: 1 February 2019 Accepted: 25 February 2019 Abstract Objective: Bisphenol A is an endocrine disrupting chemical, widely used as a material for the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Food is considered as the main source of exposure to BPA as it leaches out from the food containers as well as surface coatings into it. BPA is toxic to vital organs such as liver kidney and brain. Quercetin, the most abundant flavonoid in nature, is present in large amounts in vegetables, fruits and tea. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of BPA in prostate gland and seminal vesicle of mice and its possible amelioration by quercetin. Material and methods: Inbred Swiss strain male albino mice were orally administered with BPA (80, 120 and 240 mg/kg body weight/day) for 45 Days. Oral administration of BPA caused significant, dose-dependent reduction in absolute and relative weights of prostate gland and seminal vesicle. Results and conclusion: Biochemical analysis revealed that protein content reduced significantly, whereas acid phosphatase activity increased significantly in prostate gland and reduction in fructose content was observed in seminal vesicle. Oral administration of quercetin (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg body weight/day) alone with high dose of BPA (240 mg/kg body weight/day) for 45 days caused significant and dose-dependent amelioration in all parameters as compared to BPA along treated group. -
Fighting Bisphenol A-Induced Male Infertility: the Power of Antioxidants
antioxidants Review Fighting Bisphenol A-Induced Male Infertility: The Power of Antioxidants Joana Santiago 1 , Joana V. Silva 1,2,3 , Manuel A. S. Santos 1 and Margarida Fardilha 1,* 1 Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (J.V.S.); [email protected] (M.A.S.S.) 2 Institute for Innovation and Health Research (I3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal 3 Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-234-247-240 Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor present in epoxy resins and poly- carbonate plastics, negatively disturbs the male reproductive system affecting male fertility. In vivo studies showed that BPA exposure has deleterious effects on spermatogenesis by disturbing the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and inducing oxidative stress in testis. This compound seems to disrupt hormone signalling even at low concentrations, modifying the levels of inhibin B, oestra- diol, and testosterone. The adverse effects on seminal parameters are mainly supported by studies based on urinary BPA concentration, showing a negative association between BPA levels and sperm concentration, motility, and sperm DNA damage. Recent studies explored potential approaches to treat or prevent BPA-induced testicular toxicity and male infertility. Since the effect of BPA on testicular cells and spermatozoa is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species, most of the pharmacological approaches are based on the use of natural or synthetic antioxidants. -
Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters
©2019 The Author(s) This is an Open Access book distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying and redistribution for non- commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited and that any new works are made available on the same conditions (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This does not affect the rights licensed or assigned from any third party in this book. This title was made available Open Access through a partnership with Knowledge Unlatched. IWA Publishing would like to thank all of the libraries for pledging to support the transition of this title to Open Access through the KU Select 2018 program. Downloaded from http://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book-pdf/521267/wio9781780401416.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial This book covers the most recent scientific and technological developments (state-of-the-art) in the field of chemical oxidation processes applicable for the Chemical Oxidation efficient treatment of biologically-difficult-to-degrade, toxic and/or recalcitrant effluents originating from different manufacturing processes. It is a comprehensive Applications for review of process and pollution profiles as well as conventional, advanced and emerging treatment processes & technologies developed for the most relevant and pollution (wet processing)-intensive industrial sectors. Industrial Wastewaters It addresses chemical/photochemical oxidative treatment processes, case- Olcay Tünay, Işık Kabdaşlı, Idil Arslan-Alaton and Tuğba Ölmez-Hancı specific treatability problems of major industrial sectors, emerging (novel) as well as pilot/full-scale applications, process integration, treatment system design & sizing criteria (figure-of merits), cost evaluation and success stories in the application of chemical oxidative treatment processes. -
The Human Microbial Metabolism of Quercetin in Different Formulations
foods Article The human Microbial Metabolism of Quercetin in Different Formulations: An In Vitro Evaluation Giuseppe Di Pede 1 , Letizia Bresciani 2 , Luca Calani 1, Giovanna Petrangolini 3 , Antonella Riva 3 , Pietro Allegrini 3, Daniele Del Rio 2,* and Pedro Mena 1 1 Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; [email protected] (G.D.P.); [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (P.M.) 2 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; [email protected] 3 Research and Development Department, Indena S.p.A., Viale Ortles, 12-20139 Milano, Italy; [email protected] (G.P.); [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (P.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0521-033830 Received: 29 July 2020; Accepted: 10 August 2020; Published: 14 August 2020 Abstract: Quercetin is one of the main dietary flavonols, but its beneficial properties in disease prevention may be limited due to its scarce bioavailability. For this purpose, delivery systems have been designed to enhance both stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. This study aimed at investigating the human microbial metabolism of quercetin derived from unformulated and phytosome-formulated quercetin through an in vitro model. Both ingredients were firstly characterized for their profile in native (poly)phenols, and then fermented with human fecal microbiota for 24 h. Quantification of microbial metabolites was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (uHPLC-MSn) analyses. Native quercetin, the main compound in both products, appeared less prone to microbial degradation in the phytosome-formulated version compared to the unformulated one during fecal incubation. -
Thyroid-Modulating Activities of Olive and Its Polyphenols: a Systematic Review
nutrients Review Thyroid-Modulating Activities of Olive and Its Polyphenols: A Systematic Review Kok-Lun Pang 1,† , Johanna Nathania Lumintang 2,† and Kok-Yong Chin 1,* 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-3-91459573 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Olive oil, which is commonly used in the Mediterranean diet, is known for its health benefits related to the reduction of the risks of cancer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disease. These unique properties are attributed to the phytochemicals with potent antioxidant activities in olive oil. Olive leaf also harbours similar bioactive compounds. Several studies have reported the effects of olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extract in the modulation of thyroid activities. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of olive derivatives on thyroid function. A comprehensive search was conducted in October 2020 using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Cellular, animal, and human studies reporting the effects of olive derivatives, including olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extracts on thyroid function were considered. The literature search found 445 articles on this topic, but only nine articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All included articles were animal studies involving the administration of olive oil, olive leaf extract, or olive pomace residues orally. -
Hydroxytyrosol but Not Resveratrol Ingestion Induced an Acute Increment of Post Exercise Blood Flow in Brachial Artery
Health, 2016, 8, 1766-1777 http://www.scirp.org/journal/health ISSN Online: 1949-5005 ISSN Print: 1949-4998 Hydroxytyrosol But Not Resveratrol Ingestion Induced an Acute Increment of Post Exercise Blood Flow in Brachial Artery Giorgia Sarais1, Antonio Crisafulli2, Daniele Concu3, Andrea Fois4, Abdallah Raweh5, Alberto Concu3,5 1Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy 2Laboratory of Sports Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy 3IIC Technologies Ltd., Cagliari, Italy 4EventFeel Ltd., Cagliari, Italy 5Medical Sciences Faculty, The LUdeS Foundation Higher Education Institution, Kalkara, Malta How to cite this paper: Sarais, G., Crisaful- Abstract li, A., Concu, D., Fois, A., Raweh, A. and Concu, A. (2016) Hydroxytyrosol But Not The aim of this study was to test if previous ingestion of compounds containing res- Resveratrol Ingestion Induced an Acute veratrol or hydroxytyrosol, followed by an exhausting hand grip exercise, could in- Increment of Post Exercise Blood Flow in duce an acute post-exercise increase in brachial blood flow. Six healthy subjects Brachial Artery. Health, 8, 1766-1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2016.815170 (three males and three females, 35 ± 7 years), 60 minutes after ingestion of a capsule containing 200 mg of resveratrol or 30 ml of extra virgin olive oil enriched with ty- Received: August 19, 2016 rosol, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, performed a hand grip exercise equal to half of Accepted: December 11, 2016 their maximum strength until they were no longer able to express the same force Published: December 14, 2016 (2-day interval between tests). The nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was Copyright © 2016 by authors and used for statistical evaluations. -
Reducing Toxic Reactive Carbonyl Species in E-Cigarette Emissions
RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Reducing toxic reactive carbonyl species in e- cigarette emissions: testing a harm-reduction Cite this: RSC Adv., 2020, 10,21535 strategy based on dicarbonyl trapping Bruna de Falco, †af Antonios Petridis,†ac Poornima Paramasivan,b Antonio Dario Troise, de Andrea Scaloni,e Yusuf Deeni,b W. Edryd Stephens*c and Alberto Fiore *a Reducing the concentration of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) in e-cigarette emissions represents a major goal to control their potentially harmful effects. Here, we adopted a novel strategy of trapping carbonyls present in e-cigarette emissions by adding polyphenols in e-liquid formulations. Our work showed that the addition of gallic acid, hydroxytyrosol and epigallocatechin gallate reduced the levels of carbonyls formed in the aerosols of vaped e-cigarettes, including formaldehyde, methylglyoxal and glyoxal. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis highlighted the formation of covalent adducts between Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. aromatic rings and dicarbonyls in both e-liquids and vaped samples, suggesting that dicarbonyls were formed in the e-liquids as degradation products of propylene glycol and glycerol before vaping. Short- Received 6th March 2020 term cytotoxic analysis on two lung cellular models showed that dicarbonyl-polyphenol adducts are not Accepted 29th May 2020 cytotoxic, even though carbonyl trapping did not improve cell viability. Our work sheds lights on the DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02138e ability of polyphenols to trap RCS in high carbonyl e-cigarette emissions, suggesting their potential value rsc.li/rsc-advances in commercial e-liquid formulations. Introduction smoking-related symptoms and conditions to become manifest, This article is licensed under a it is too early to evaluate the long-term clinical effects of vaping The use of e-cigarettes is a major issue in public health. -
During This Time of Great Societal Stress, We Are Here to Contribute Our Knowledge and Experience to Your Health and Wellbeing
During this time of great societal stress, we are here to contribute our knowledge and experience to your health and wellbeing. There is a high level of interest in evidence-based integrative strategies to augment public health measures to prevent COVID-19 virus infection and associated pneumonia. Unfortunately, no integrative measures have been validated in human trials specifically for COVID-19. Notwithstanding, this is an opportune time to be proactive. Using available evidence, we offer the following strategies for you to consider to enhance your immune system to reduce the severity or the duration of a viral infection. Again, we stress that these are supplemental considerations to the current recommendations that emphasize regular hand washing, physical distancing, stopping non-essential travel, and getting tested if you develop symptoms. RISK REDUCTION: • Adequate sleep: Shorter sleep duration increases the risk of infectious illness. Adequate sleep also ensures the secretion of melatonin, a molecule which may play a role in reducing coronavirus virulence (see Melatonin below). • Stress management: Psychological stress disrupts immune regulation. Various mindfulness techniques such as meditation, breathing exercises, and guided imagery reduce stress. • Zinc: Coronaviruses appear to be susceptible to the viral inhibitory actions of zinc. Zinc may prevent coronavirus entry into cells and appears to reduce coronavirus virulence. Typical daily dosing of zinc is 15mg – 30mg daily with lozenges potentially providing direct protective effects in the upper respiratory tract. • Vegetables and Fruits: Vegetables and fruits provide a repository of flavonoids that are considered a cornerstone of an anti-inflammatory diet. At least 5–7 servings of vegetables and 2–3 servings of fruits are recommended daily. -
Biofactors in Food Promote Health by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function
ReVieW aRticle ▼ Biofactors in food promote health by enhancing mitochondrial function by Sonia F. Shenoy, Winyoo Chowanadisai, Edward Sharman, Carl L. Keen, Jiankang Liu and Robert B. Rucker Mitochondrial function has been linked to protection from and symptom reduc- UC Davis M. Steinberg, Francine tion in chronic diseases such as heart dis- ease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We review a number of phytochemicals and biofactors that influence mitochon- drial function and oxidative metabolism. These include resveratrol found in grapes; several plant-derived flavonoids (quercetin, epicatechin, catechin and procyanidins); and two tyrosine-derived quinones, hydroxytyrosol in olive oil and pyrroloquinoline quinone, a minor but ubiquitous component of plant and animal tissues. In plants, these biofac- tors serve as pigments, phytoalexins or growth factors. In animals, positive nutritional and physiological attributes Biofactors in food play a role in enhancing mitochondrial function, thereby decreasing the risk of some chronic diseases. Top, a mouse that has been deprived of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), have been established for each, particu- a ubiquitous bacterial compound found in fermented products, tea, cocoa and legumes. Above, a larly with respect to their ability to affect mouse fed a diet containing PQQ. energy metabolism, cell signaling and mitochondrial function. that our body does not normally produce) attributes has been described and vali- that must be either eliminated or put to dated for each of these compounds. novel uses in the body. Many xenobiotics Biological properties of resveratrol ne of the most promising current ar- in foods can influence specific metabolic Oeas of nutritional research focuses on functions, acting as bioactive factors (bio- Resveratrol is a stilbenoid (a type of plant compounds with positive health ef- factors).