DOCSLIB.ORG

Creating Inclusive and Culturally Competent Healthcare for the LGBTQ+ Community: a Curriculum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Creating Inclusive and Culturally Competent Healthcare for the LGBTQ+ Community: a Curriculum University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Occupational Therapy Capstones Department of Occupational Therapy 2020 Creating Inclusive and Culturally Competent Healthcare for the LGBTQ+ Community: A Curriculum Caelin Hansen Jordyn Himley Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/ot-grad Recommended Citation Hansen, Caelin and Himley, Jordyn, "Creating Inclusive and Culturally Competent Healthcare for the LGBTQ+ Community: A Curriculum" (2020). Occupational Therapy Capstones. 447. https://commons.und.edu/ot-grad/447 This Scholarly Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Occupational Therapy at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occupational Therapy Capstones by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Creating Inclusive and Culturally Competent Healthcare for the LGBTQ+ Community: A Curriculum by Caelin Hansen, MOTS Jordyn Himley, MOTS Advisor: Jessa Hulteng, MOT, OTR/L A Scholarly Project Submitted to the Occupational Therapy Department of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Occupational Therapy Grand Forks, North Dakota May 2020 i Approval Page This Scholarly Project Paper, submitted by Caelin Hansen and Jordyn Himley in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Occupational Therapy from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisor under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. ________________________________ Faculty Advisor 4/13/2020 Date ii PERMISSION Title: Creating Inclusive and Culturally Competent Healthcare for the LGBTQ+ Community: A Curriculum Department: Occupational Therapy Degree: Master of Occupational Therapy In presenting this Scholarly Project in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, we agree that the Department of Occupational Therapy shall make it freely available for inspection. We further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised our work or, in her absence, by the Chairperson of the Department. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this Scholarly Project or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without our written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to us and the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in our Scholarly Project Report. Signature ___________________ Date 4/13/2020 Signature ___________________ Date 4/13/2020 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………… v ABSTRACT ……………………………………… vi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………… 1 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………………… 9 III. METHODOLOGY ……………………………………… 42 IV. PRODUCT ……………………………………… 46 V. SUMMARY ……………………………………… 123 REFERENCES ……………………………………… 126 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank all the people whose assistance was a milestone in the completion of this scholarly project, as we could not have done it without them. First, we would like to recognize our project advisor, Jessa Hulteng, for her continued contribution through proofreading, editing, and guidance throughout the entire process. Secondly, we would like to recognize the director of the Pride Center at the University of North Dakota, as he was an amazing resource throughout the development of content and activities found in this guide. Third, we would like to thank LaVonne Fox for her guidance of theoretical frameworks and the love and support she has given us throughout the entirety of the occupational therapy program. Lastly, we would like to recognize our friends and family, for all their love and support as they were our number one cheerleader throughout this scholarly project. v ABSTRACT The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, etc. (LGBTQ+) population is growing in America and in recent years has shown an increase in equal rights and societal acceptance (Newport, 2018). However, despite the positive changes that have been made, the LGBTQ population is still underserved in healthcare and faces health disparities (Dean, Victor, & Grimes, 2016; Institute of Medicine, 2011). This may be due to the fact that medical professionals receive little to no education regarding LGBTQ care, which can result in misconceptions, discomfort, and use of microaggressions towards the population. (Beagan, Chiasson, Fiske, Forseth, Hosein, Myers, & Stang, 2013; Utamsingh, Kenya, Lebron, & Carrasquillo, 2017). The research and education that is presented for healthcare professionals on the LGBTQ population is limited, and there are limited resources for healthcare professionals to use to increase their knowledge and cultural competence on the population. Because of these issues, an extensive literature review was conducted to address the following: 1) LGBTQ terms and definitions; 2) demographics; 3) identified healthcare disparities; 4) national initiatives and policies; and 5) occupational therapy’s role when working with LGBTQ clients. In addition, the director of the Pride Center at the University of North Dakota was consulted to gain information and resources regarding the population. The result of this scholarly project is a curriculum that can be utilized by health programs to facilitate learning opportunities for students to increase cultural competency with the LGBTQ population in a safe learning environment. It is important to address these issues at the educational level, so healthcare students feel comfortable and are educated on the population prior to entering the workforce. vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Occupational Therapy is a unique profession that assists individuals of all ages participate in everyday activities in all environments, while also addressing an individual’s physical, cognitive, and psychological function (AOTA, n.d.). Due to practitioners treating individuals of all ages, socioeconomic status, race, and ability, the association saw the importance of establishing legal standards, policies, and procedures for practitioners to follow, giving every individual equal access to the quality care that they deserve. In 2014, the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) updated their stance on the profession’s nondiscrimination and inclusion document to represent how the practice is committed to serve all populations no matter their culture, ethnicity, race, age, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or capacity (AOTA, 2014). The document states that every individual is “entitled to maximum opportunities to develop and use their abilities” and has “the right to achieve productive and satisfying professional and personal lives” (AOTA, 2014, p. S23). The following statement represents AOTA’s stance and commitment: We are committed to nondiscrimination and inclusion as an affirmation of our belief that the interests of all members of the profession are best served when the inherent worth of every individual is recognized and valued. We maintain that society has an obligation to provide the reasonable accommodations necessary to allow individuals access to social, educational, recreational, and vocational opportunities. By embracing the concepts of nondiscrimination and inclusion, we 1 will all benefit from the opportunities afforded in a diverse society (2014, p. S23- S24). Through this document AOTA expresses the importance of treating all people equally, valuing individual persons, and respecting different cultures, ethnicities, races, ages, religions, genders, sexual orientations, and capacities (AOTA, 2014). The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that sexual health is a human right and fundamental to not only social and economic development, but to the physical and emotional well-being of all persons (2010). Sexual health is “the desire of individuals and couples of all sexual orientations and any background to have fulfilling and pleasurable sexual relationships, and its concerns go beyond fertility and reproduction to encompass issues such as sexual dysfunction and disability, and violence related to sexuality” (WHO, 2010, p. iv). This topic is necessary to address as maintaining sexual health is a basic human right. In relation to occupational therapy, the subject of sexual health and activity, even though an identified Activity of Daily Living (ADL) within the Practice Framework, is often brushed over within educational and professional settings due to limited education and discomfort (Lohman, Kobrin & Chang, 2017). This discomfort expressed by practitioners, educators, and students is due to institutional sanctions, cultural beliefs, and the lack of quality and amount of education (Egledger et al., 2018; Lohman et al., 2017). However, when the subject of sexual health and activity is omitted this violates the professions holistic approach to evaluation and intervention, therefore individuals are no longer receiving complete and quality healthcare (Lohman et al., 2017). 2 An aspect of sexual health that is often omitted more frequently due to social controversy is sexual orientation. When reading AOTA’s position, stated above, on sexual health and sexual orientation, the association summarizes the importance of nondiscrimination and inclusion of the LGBTQ population. However, this population has continued to experience disparities due to the profession failing to fully support the population within education and practice
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Presidents Corner Using Intermediaries
    INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF WOMEN AGAINST TOBACCO Cancellation of the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World meeting Professor Elif Dagli | Chair Health Institute Association In the beginning of June 2019, tobacco control advocates, academicians, hospital physicians, tobacco leaf experts, economists, and some civil servants of Turkey, received an invitation to a full-day meeting titled “Istanbul Dialogues” organized by “Sustainability”. The objective of the meeting was to inform the stakeholders about the creation of a Smoke-Free Index by the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World (FSFW). The index was presented as a tool to transform the industry to eliminate combustible cigarettes and the diseases they cause (1). Against the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), article 5.3., the aim was to get the tobacco control community to meet together with representatives of the industry. The possibility of FSFW organizing a meeting in Istanbul on 3rd July 2019 created a state of emergency in the public health community. The tobacco industry was trying to sit down with civil servants and physicians around a table to discuss the future of their products Presidents Corner using intermediaries. It would be openly against FCTC if the industry had invited physicians directly. Marion Hale | President The innovative strategy of the industry was to put threePresidents levels of mediators in betweenCorner and give Cancellationthe Hello Again to all our INWAT supporters!of the trendy name “Istanbul Dialogues” to the meeting. This issue of The NET is a bumper issue themed around FoundationThe invitations were sent out by thefor “Sustainability a Smokethe tobacco industry’s-Free innovative strategiesWorld to target Academy” of Turkey on behalf of the parent company women and girls.
    [Show full text]
  • Towardatobaccofreeworld Hi Res.Pdf
    Toward A Tobacco Free World Preface This e-book Toward A Tobacco Free World is being given away to inform people about the significant adverse effect tobacco continues to have on humanity. It’s also being given away to create awareness of the World Health Organization’s World No Tobacco Day on May 31st. According to the World Health Organization, 1 billion people will die from smoking in this century. This dire scenario doesn’t have to hap- pen. The time is NOW to act as a community in preventing children and teens from starting to use tobacco products and helping those who want to quit. The Good News and the Bad News Since the printed version of Toward A Tobacco Free World came out at the end of 2006 (Ending The Tobacco Holocaust), the U.S. has expe- rienced a decrease in tobacco smoking as well as a decrease in overall exposure to second-hand smoke. That’s the good news. Specifically, the percentage of adults who smoke has dropped from 20.8 % to 19.8 %, and the percentage of high school seniors who smoked in the last 30 days has dropped from 21.6% to 20.4%. However, the bad news is that 19.8 % of adults and 20.4 % of high school seniors in the U.S. still smoke. The U.S. government’s Healthy People 2010 goals called for only 12% of adults, and 16% of adolescents, to smoke by 2010. It IS a Big Deal Interestingly, when asked, many Americans don’t regard the tobacco problem as a big issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Menthol Marketing to the LGBTQ Community
    MENTHOL GET THE FACTS Menthol makes smoking easier to start and harder to quit. Evidence from tobacco industry documents shows that the industry studied smokers’ menthol preferences and manipulated menthol levels to appeal to adolescents and young adults. African Americans smoke 3 TIMES MORE menthol than whites so target marketing makes quitting harder. Studies show that amounts of tar, nicotine and other poisons are 30 -70% higher in inhaled menthol cigarettes than in non-mentholated cigarettes. The Surgeon General has stated that people who smoke menthols inhale more deeply and keep the smoke in their lungs longer, which gives them greater exposure to the 4,000 chemicals and poisons in cigarettes. A menthol ban could save 340,000 lives, over 100,000 black lives by 2050. @CityofMilwaukeeTobaccoFreeAlliance @WAATPN @MKETobaccoFree @WAATPN Source © 2016 NAATPN, Inc. All rights reserved. Menthol Marketing to the LGBTQ Community LGBTQ youth and adults smoke at higher rates than the general population due to industry targeting, social norms centered around bar culture, and minority stress, including lack of family acceptance. Did you know… In the 90s, a tobacco company created a marketing plan targeting gay people in San Francisco. They called it Project SCUM. Marketing For decades, the tobacco industry has targeted African Americans, women, youth, and the LGBTQ community with menthol marketing through advertisements and music events. More recently, tobacco companies have targeted menthol marketing to traditionally safe spaces for the LGBTQ community, like bars and Pride festivals, through event sponsorship and coupons to buy packs for $1. Ad from Out Magazine (2001) promoting Ad from Out Magazine, 1994 the “House of Menthol.” “Houses” have long been a form of LGBTQ social support and entertainment to ll a void when families of origin are unsupportive.
    [Show full text]
  • Monograph 19: the Role of the Media in Promoting and Reducing Tobacco
    5 Themes and Targets of Tobacco Advertising and Promotion As with any consumer product, tobacco industry marketing efforts show clear evidence of targeting specific population subgroups and using themes and strategies designed to build brand loyalty and market share. This chapter provides an overview of specific themes and population targets employed in tobacco advertising and promotion based on studies of marketing materials and tobacco industry documents. n Key tobacco marketing themes include taste and satisfaction, implied harm reduction, affinity with desirable social characteristics, brand loyalty, and smokers’ rights. n Specific targeting criteria for tobacco advertising and promotion can include age, gender, race or ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Such groups can be targeted directly—for instance, by focusing on rugged individualism for men or weight control for women—or indirectly through adult themes such as independence or peer acceptance that also appeal to young smokers. n Tobacco brands are frequently designed to appeal to specific market segments or population subgroups, such as blue-collar women, African Americans, and young adult smokers. In addition to advertising, promotional channels for tobacco products can include affinity magazines, direct mail, coupons for gift catalogs, and promotional booths at targeted venues as well as other niche-market efforts. Marketing objectives for these channels range from creating new markets to attracting young smokers who are making their long-term brand choice. Understanding targeted marketing is also an important consideration in designing tobacco control efforts. 141 5 . T h e m e s a n d Ta r g e t s o f To b a c c o A d v e r t i s i n g a n d P r o m o t i o n ban cigarette advertising on television Introduction and radio.
    [Show full text]
  • Glitter, Smoke, and Mirrors: Tobacco Marketing in LGBTQ Spaces Presenters: Gabriel Glissmeyer and Laura Henry
    Glitter, Smoke, and Mirrors: Tobacco Marketing in LGBTQ Spaces Presenters: Gabriel Glissmeyer and Laura Henry Opportunity Conference February 27, 2017 Introduction Gabriel - he/him Laura - she/her • Program and Research ● Policy Champion- LAAMPP Assistant at the Association for Nonsmokers – MN ● Former Shift Coordinator at Rainbow Health Initiative • Tobacco prevention and cessation for 8 years ● Volunteer Manager at The Aliveness Project • Received 3 awards for tobacco work in the LGBTQ community Objectives 1.To educate and inform participants about the history of tobacco industry targeting tactics to the LGBTQ community via print and social media advertisements in the last decade 2. To show the importance of LGBTQ representation in tobacco prevention and cessation campaigns to counter tobacco product advertising Agenda • Background on tobacco marketing in LGBT publications • RHI: SHIFT MN Research overview • ANSR: Project WATCH Research overview • Examples of advertising discussion • Current LGBTQ-focused anti-tobacco campaigns • Q&A Definitions Tobacco: corporate commercial tobacco, not sacred/traditional tobacco - ClearWay - American Indian Projects LGBTQ: some things will be specific to one community in the spectrum or affect all communities Disclaimer We recognize that there are many intersections within this community and other marginalized communities that are being targeted, but for the purpose of this presentation we are specifically going to talk about the LGBTQ community This presentation is centered on marketing in the United
    [Show full text]
  • Esophageal and Pancreatic Cancers.4
    Cigarettes containing flavors other than menthol can no longer be sold in the United States. However, tobacco products such as little cigars, cigarillos, chew and e-cigarettes are still sold in kid-friendly flavors such as bubble gum, strawberry and grape. Research shows that youth 28.4 percent of Minnesota The tobacco industry knows believe flavored tobacco high school students have that candy and fruit flavors products are less dangerous tried e-cigarettes, which appeal to kids.1 90 percent of and addictive than non- come in flavors like gummy addicted adult smokers flavored ones.1 bear and cotton candy. A started smoking in their majority who tried them— teens.8 Nicotine is highly addictive 60.1 percent—also use and harms adolescent brain other tobacco products.5 Once kids start using one 2,3 development. tobacco product, they are Over one-third of Minnesota more likely to experiment 7 Cigar smoke contains the students have tried flavored with others. same toxins as cigarette cigars.6 smoke, and smokeless products cause oral, U.S. high school students esophageal and pancreatic are twice as likely as adults cancers.4 to report smoking cigars, many of which are cheap and flavored.7 Research shows that the tobacco industry markets menthol products toward African Americans as well as toward many other communities and young people.9,10 The cool, minty flavor masks the harshness of tobacco. And adding menthol to products makes it harder for smokers to quit.11 Adolescents smoke menthols at higher rates than 84.5 percent of adult African American smokers any other age group: smoke menthol cigarettes, compared to 26 percent of 44 percent of Minnesota teen smokers4 adult white smokers.13 83 percent of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • BIG-TOBACCO-FACTS.Pdf
    BIG TOBACCO FACTS 1. In 1996, a major tobacco company planned to boost cigarette sales by targeting homeless people. They called their plan "Project SCUM: Sub Culture Urban Marketing." 1 2. In 1997, a Big Tobacco executive once said, under oath, that he believed Gummy Bears were addictive like cigarettes. 2 3. In 1996, Charles Harper, R. J. Reynolds Chairman said, “If children don’t like to be in a smoky room, they’ll leave.” When asked by a shareholder about infants, who can’t leave a smoky room, Harper stated, “At some point they begin to crawl.” 3 4. Problems with self-esteem. Has menial, boring job. Emotionally insecure. Passive-aggressive. Probably leads fairly dull existence. Grooming not a strong priority. Lacks inner resources. Group conformist. Non-thinking. Not into ideas. Insecure follower. These are all terms taken from Big Tobacco's files that have been used to describe different groups of potential customers for their deadly, addictive products. 4 5. In 1994, the CEOs from 7 major tobacco companies testified before Congress, under oath, that they believe nicotine is NOT addictive. 5 6. More than 60% of tobacco-growing land in located in low-income countries where tobacco is cultivated as a cash crop for export. These countries are too poor to import food, so the tobacco crops prevent them from properly feeding their citizens. 10-20 million people could be fed if all tobacco crops were replaced with food crops. 6 7. A tobacco company once gave $125,000 worth of food to a charity, according to an estimate by The Wall Street Journal.
    [Show full text]
  • LGBTQ Adolescent Smoking
    LGBTQ Adolescent Smoking: A Social Media Approach to Primary Smoking Prevention By Jason Gordon Gray, BSN University of Kansas School of Nursing Submitted to the School of Nursing and The Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice. Dr. Jill Peltzer, Ph.D, APRN-CNS ________________________________ Faculty Project Committee, Chair Dr. Joann Peterson, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC ________________________________ Faculty Project Committee, Co-Chair 11 February 2019 ________________________________ Date Project Proposal Accepted The DNP Project committee for Jason Gordon Gray certifies that this is the approved version of the following DNP Project: LGBTQ Adolescent Smoking: A Social Media Approach to Primary Smoking Prevention Dr. Jill Peltzer, Ph.D, APRN-CNS Co-Chair Dr. Joann Peterson, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC Co-Chair Date Approved: 11 February 2019 1 Abstract Objective This paper briefly reviews the literature about increased smoking among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) adolescents and evaluates both the deployment of a primary smoking prevention intervention and the surveying methodology used to query LGBTQ adolescents. Methods The authors designed an educational intervention with three components, including education about the long-term effects of smoking and how the tobacco industry has targeted the LGBTQ community; a guided discussion about select images and messages that normalize smoking among the LGBTQ community; and a group activity to storyboard, or draw and write, primary smoking prevention messages designed for distribution on social media platforms. Items evaluated in pre- and post-questionnaires included basic demographics, sexual orientation and gender identity, smoking and tobacco-related behaviors, curiosity about smoking, and goal-directed behavior (or hope).
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco Industry Targeting of the Homeless and Mentally Ill D E Apollonio, R E Malone
    409 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.2005.011890 on 30 November 2005. Downloaded from RESEARCH PAPER Marketing to the marginalised: tobacco industry targeting of the homeless and mentally ill D E Apollonio, R E Malone ............................................................................................................................... See end of article for Tobacco Control 2005;14:409–415. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.011890 authors’ affiliations ....................... Correspondence to: Ruth E Malone, RN, PhD, FAAN, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Objectives: To describe the tobacco industry’s relationships with and influence on homeless and mentally California, San Francisco, ill smokers and organisations providing services to them. 3333 California Street, Suite 455, UCSF Box Methods: Analysis of internal tobacco industry documents and journal articles. 0612, San Francisco, CA Results: The tobacco industry has marketed cigarettes to the homeless and seriously mentally ill, part of its 94143-0612; rmalone@ ‘‘downscale’’ market, and has developed relationships with homeless shelters and advocacy groups, itsa.ucsf.edu gaining positive media coverage and political support. Received 16 March 2005 Discussion: Tobacco control advocates and public health organisations should consider how to target Accepted 1 July 2005 programmes to homeless and seriously mentally ill individuals. Education of service providers about ....................... tobacco industry efforts to cultivate this market may help in reducing smoking in these populations. tudies document the tobacco industry’s marketing of pride in their identity that might lead them to organise on cigarettes to marginalised groups. To increase sales and their own behalf. In addition, these groups are margin- defuse potential political opposition, tobacco firms have alised20–22 both socially and economically and their needs are S 23 directed marketing, philanthropy, and outreach campaigns to rarely a focus of tobacco control efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • (American Cancer Society), 310, 433, 442, 503, 508, 562, 564 ACSH
    Advertising Review Council (ARC), 112–113 Index Advertising Standards Authority (ASA), 69 advertising themes, 145–150, 170. See also specific theme adolescent, 216–227, 278–279 A antitobacco, 450, 455, 457–459 gender-oriented, 220, 278 Abrams v. United States, 295 movies and, 362 Accord (brand), 167 opposition to state initiatives and, 583, 589– ACS (American Cancer Society), 310, 433, 442, 591, 590t, 592 503, 508, 562, 564 advertising-to-sales (A-S) ratio, 120–121, 123t, ACSH (American Council on Science and 268–269 Health), 156 affective response, 29–30 Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), 550 African Americans addictiveness adolescent smokers, 215, 217 avoidance of, in branded advertising, 150 quitline use, 533 news coverage of, 341 as target market, 56–57, 59, 144–145, 160–162, adolescents. See youth 198–200 Adult Use of Tobacco Surveys, 167 age groups. See also young adults; youth Advance (brand), 461 segmentation by, 57–58 advertising theme, 146 for antitobacco advertising, 461–462 misleading advertising, 310, 611 agenda-setting hypothesis, 42, 332, 605 target market for, 59 AHA (American Heart Association), 559, 561–562, adventure theme, 148 564 adverse health effects. See health consequences ALA (American Lung Association), 433, 559, 562, advertising, by tobacco industry. See tobacco 564 advertising and promotion Alaska Natives, as target market, 164–165, 171 advertising bans alcohol consumption, market segmentation and, ambiguities in legislation, 85–87, 101 60–61 broadcast, 82–83 “Alive with Pleasure” campaign, 224–225 Canada,
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made from the Original Document. Project Moving Target: Don't Be Sucked in by Tobacco
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 473 172 CG 032 179 AUTHOR Lovell, Georgina TITLE You are the Target. Big Tobacco: Lies, Scams--Now the Truth [and] Project Moving Target: Don't Be Sucked In by Tobacco. ISBN ISBN-0-9730670-0-4 PUB DATE 2002-04-00 NOTE 265p. AVAILABLE FROM Chryan Communications, P.O. Box 10 Sechelt BC VON 3A0. Tel: 604-740-3883; Fax: 604-740-3884; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: www.you-are-the-target.com. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Learner (051) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MFO1 /PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Advertising; *High School Students; *Mentors; *Prevention; *Smoking; *Tobacco; Workbooks IDENTIFIERS *Tobacco Industry ABSTRACT This workbook presents a two-tiered strategy designed to enable mid to senior high school students to become Tobacco Awareness Peer Mentors, and to talk to fourth and fifth grade students about their personal experiences with tobacco and what they have read for themselves in actual tobacco documents. Each of the five units in the workbook includes tobacco documents and/or advertisements with companion exercises/worksheets. Each unit allows for up to 50 minutes of class time and teachers have discretion and flexibility to select age and ability appropriate material where applicable. In addition to document review, components of this training include de-briefing for family and peer-related tobacco issues, group discussion-about suggested approaches for presentation to younger children and written reflection by participants on all aspects of their voluntary mandate--especially feedback from those who are, or are in the process of becoming ex-smokers. (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • Projects Lolita, Cosmic, Scum, Virile Female, Etc.: the Tobacco
    Projects Lolita, Cosmic, Scum, Virile Female, etc.: The Tobacco Industry’s Colorfully-Named Projects in the 1970s, 1980s and ‘90s Robert N. Proctor Name Brands and Marketing Niches 6 Targeting Young People 11 Studying and Manipulating Health Effects 15 Changing Cigarette Designs and Manufacturing Methods to Make Cigarettes Appear Safe 19 Improving Business Practices and Manufacturing Methods 20 Propaganda, Litigation, and Political Projects 25 How Were Projects Named? 27 Conclusions 35 Appendix: 2000 Tobacco Industry Projects: A Listing 38 Our focus here is on a linguistic oddity—or rather monstrosity: the coining of project names for tobacco-industry initiatives in the 1970s, ‘80s and ‘90s. Philip Morris was the master of this art, producing literally hundreds of names for research projects, using colorful monikers drawn from art, science, religion, classical mythology, and popular culture. But all leading tobacco manufacturers from this era used such codings to a greater or lesser extent (Lorillard, however, tended to use alpha-numeric codings for its projects). The document trail is not perfect, and new names will surely emerge as the archives are expanded, but the record is already clear enough to allow us to identify nearly 2000 named projects, descriptions of which are attached here as a (very long) Appendix. This can be regarded as a reference tool or “meta-archive,” which should prove useful for further analyses. My point in exploring the names given to such projects is primarily to better understand the strength, scope and dedication of the industry’s research and marketing efforts. Here we have a certain onomastic genius gone wild, a marketing mania that led to coinages of remarkable color and variety.
    [Show full text]