Presentation

15.05.2018

Achieving an Annual Wind Penetration of 20% on an Islanded Distribution Network

3rd International Hybrid Power Systems Workshop, May 2018 Konstantinos Pierros, ENERCON Nathan Coote, SSEN

Highlights

• Shetland is the largest islanded power system in the UK • The innovative project “Northern Isles New Energy Solutions” (NINES) by SSEN trialled Active Network Management, energy storage, domestic demand side management and flexible generation contracts • Type IV Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) offer an additional degree of flexibility to the power system • The legacy of NINES has trebled the total renewable generation capacity to over 12MW, which accounts for a total wind penetration of 20% in 2017-18

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Shetland: Background Information

• Largest islanded power system in the UK • Shetland’s power system supplies a population of 23,000 • SSEN is the System Operator • Maximum / Minimum demand: ca 45/12 MW • Average wind capacity factor: 52%

Modelling and Analysis Results

• No more firmly-connected large wind generation could be connected • BAU connections for renewables limited to 3.68kW/phase

Source: Wikipedia

NINES

Overview

• Led by SSEN • £34m funding from Ofgem, DECC and Hjaltland Housing Association • Duration: November 2011 – December 2016

Objectives

• Reduce reliance on fossil fuel consumption • Evaluate how an isolated system could be securely operated with a high penetration of renewable generation

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NINES

Smart Grid Elements

Active Network Management

Battery Energy Storage System

Demand Control

Thermal Storage

Flexible Connections

Non-Synchronous Renewable Generation

NINES

Active Network Management

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NINES

Active Network Management

NINES

Battery Energy Storage System

• Valve Regulated Lead Acid modules • Rated power: 1MW • Energy rating: 3MWh • Aimed at: load shifting alleviating renewable constraints

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NINES

Flexible Connections

• Output of new generation might be curtailed • No financial compensation • No guaranteed level of grid access • Curtailment assessment as part of the Connection Offer • “Last in, first out” principle of access • Total accepted capacity of 8.55MW

Source: Sellleadsuceed.com

NINES

Renewable Generation PreWith NINES NINES

10 Flexible Generation 8 Capacity

4 Firm Generation Capacity 2

0 Renewable Generation [MW]

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NINES

Non Synchronous Renewable Generation

• North Hoo WPP: 1 x ENERCON E-44 0.5MW / 0.63MVAr • Gremista WPP: 1 x ENERCON E-82 E4 3MW / 2.3MVAr • Garth WPP: 5 x ENERCON E-44 0.9MW / 0.63MVAr

NINES

Type IV Wind Turbine Generators

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NINES

WPP Control

NINES – Results

Active Power Response

1.00

0.90

0.80

Measured Power [pu] 0.70 Setpoint [pu]

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00 09:45 10:00 10:15 10:30 10:45

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NINES – Results

Active Power Response

NINES – Results

Management of High Wind Speed Events

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NINES – Results

Performance of The Battery Energy Storage System

1 0,8 0,6 Power [MW] 0,4 0,2 0 -0,2 -0,4 -0,6 -0,8 -1 38 36 Demand + Battery [MW] 34 Demand [MW] 32 30 28 26 24 22 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00

NINES – Results

Wind Penetration

Generation Breakdown Renewables [GWh] 100% 40 90% 35 80% 30 70% 60% 25

50% Renewables 20 Flexible 40% SVT 15 Firm 30% LPS 10 20% 10% 5 0% 0

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Conclusions – Outlook

• Shetland offers an excellent case-study for the conditions likely to be encountered in more complex systems • NINES trialled for the first time in the UK a smart grid including an ANM capable of controlling generation and demand sources, as well as a battery energy storage system • Type IV WPPs are well suited to contribute to the stable operation of non-interconnected systems • HVDC interconnector to mainland considered • Major upgrade to the ANM expected to be completed in Q2 2018

Turn barriers into climbing walls

10 15.05.2018

Northern Isles New Energy Solutions (NINES)

Demand Control and Thermal Storage

• 234 next generation storage heaters / hot water cylinders • 4MW electrical boiler linked to a thermal store capable of storing around 135MWh of hot water

Shetland: Prior to 2014…

Three Main Generation Sources

• Lerwick Power Station: 67MWe oil-fired plant • Sullom Voe Terminal: gas power station, 5-15MW can be exported during normal operation • Burradale Wind Power Plant: 3.68MW type II WPP

Modelling and Analysis Results

• No more firmly-connected large wind generation could be connected • BAU connections for renewables limited to 3.68kW/phase

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NINES – Results

Resilience to Faults – Before

150 4.00

140 3.50

130 3.00

120 2.50 11kV - 700011 110 GEN1 2.00 100 GEN2

Demand [A] Demand 1.50

90 [MW] Generation

1.00 80

70 0.50

60 0.00 08:45 09:00 09:15 09:30 09:45 Blue: Demand of the feeder Red and Green: Generation of the WPPs

NINES – Results

Resilience to Faults – After

698 011 GEN1 GEN2 GEN3 40 0.60

35 0.50

0.40 25

20 0.30 Demand [A] Demand

15 [MW] Generation 0.20

0.10 5

0 0.00 14:00 14:15 14:30 14:45 15:00 15:15 15:30 15:45 16:00

Blue: Demand of the feeder Red, Orange and Green: Generation of the WPPs

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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