ENERCON wind energy converters Technology & Service
PAGE 2 ENERCON U¾QOHUH*HQHO%DNóġTechnology & Service Yeniliklerle gelen avantaj PAGE 3
ENERCON turbine technology 6 1 Rotor blades 8 Direct drive 9 Annular generator technology 10 Tower construction 12 Precast concrete towers 13 Steel towers 14 Foundation construction 15
ENERCON WEC control system 16 2 Sensor system 18 ENERCON ice detection system 18 Rotor blade de-icing system 19 ENERCON storm control 19
ENERCON grid integration and wind farm management 20 3 Optimum grid integration 22 P/Q diagram/voltage stability 24 Power-frequency control 25 Inertia Emulation 26 Fault ride-through - option 27 Generation management system – power regulation for maximum yield 28 Bottleneck management – maximum output during bottlenecks 28 ENERCON SCADA RTU 29 ENERCON FCU 29
ENERCON remote monitoring 30 4 ENERCON SCADA system 32 ENERCON Service Info Portal 35
ENERCON PartnerKonzept 36 5
6 ENERCON product overview 40 PAGE 4 Technology & Service PAGE 5
Introduction
ENERCON has been among the top producers is performed with 3D CAD systems which assist of wind energy converters for nearly 30 years the developers in verifying overstress and criti- now. Two of the key contributing factors to the FDODUHDVE\PHDQVRIWKHʖQLWHHOHPHQWPHWKRG company´s success are innovation and quality. Production processes are not launched until com- Both highly developed vertical integration and a prehensive quality tests have been completed – a comprehensive quality management system play strategy which has been successfully adopted by D VLJQLʖFDQW UROH LQ VHFXULQJ (1(5&21vV KLJK (1(5&21vV H[FOXVLYH SURGXFWLRQ SODQWV VLQFH quality standards. 2009. The company is therefore distinguished by outstanding quality and a high degree of vertical Through constant product enhancement and integration. Own Research & Development sophistication of the turbine components, ENERCON´s main objective is to provide its cus- Thanks to its technological innovations, ENERCON tomers with state-of-the-art products. A tight-knit maintains a cutting edge in a wide range of discip- WHDP RI HQJLQHHUV VSHFLDOLVHG LQ YDULRXV ʖHOGV OLQHV $Q H[DPSOH RI WKLV LV WKH (1(5&21 JULG is constantly working on setting technological management system. By means of an intelligent benchmarks in terms of new turbine generations control system. ENERCON wind energy converters in to consolidate ENERCON´s leading position in already contribute highly to maintaining and im- the German market. proving grid stability and can be easily integrated in any grid structure worldwide. $Q HIʖFLHQW GHYHORSPHQW RUJDQLVDWLRQ SURYLGHV the basis for developing successful new products. Not only can ENERCON turbines be conveniently ENERCON uses the latest research methods and LQWHJUDWHGLQYDULRXVJULGFRQʖJXUDWLRQVWKH\FDQ tools for the strategic process of developing inno- DOVR EH HIʖFLHQWO\ DGDSWHG WR PHHW H[WUHPH FOL YDWLYH DQG SURʖWDEOH WHFKQRORJLHV $W (1(5&21 PDWLF FRQGLWLRQV :LWK PRGLʖHG FRPSRQHQWV DQG developing new products is an essential factor of a sophisticated rotor blade de-icing system, the the business, however much emphasis is placed development of wind turbine installations at both RQ IXUWKHU HQKDQFLQJ DQG UHʖQLQJ H[LVWLQJ VHULDO hot and cold sites can be advanced without fears of ENERCON Quality machines. The objective is to develop and build operations being limited by the weather. RQWKHFRPSDQ\ɊVH[SHUWLVHDVZHOODVWRFRQWLQXH H[SDQGLQJLWVFRUHFRPSHWHQFLHV Finally, ENERCON also transfers its know-how in WHUPV RI HQHUJ\ HIʖFLHQF\ WR RWKHU DSSOLFDWLRQV Elaborate simulation and test stations at ENERCON´s New solutions and further developments within research centre allow precise advanced testing ENERCON´s own research network are the dynamic on new turbine components, providing customers impetus of the company´s innovative strength. ZLWKDUHOLDEOHSURGXFWZKLFKIXOʖOVWKHKLJKHVWRI quality standards.
7KHSURGXFWLRQRIFDVWSDUWVLVDQH[FHOOHQWH[DPSOH of how well tuned the development and produc- tion of ENERCON wind energy turbines is. Constant further development of the individual cast parts
High degree of vertical integration ENERCON turbine technology [Aurich] PAGE 8 1. ENERCON turbine technology PAGE 9
ENERCON turbine technology Direct drive
The performance and reliability of the gear- The drive system of ENERCON wind energy OHVV GULYH V\VWHP FRPELQHG ZLWK DQ HIʖ converters is based on a basic principle: ciently streamlined rotor blade design provide for optimal returns on investment. Fewer rotating parts reduce mechanical stress and increase the machine´s lifespan. Wind turbine maintenance and service costs are reduced (fewer wearing parts, no gear oil change, etc.) and operat- Rotor blades LQJH[SHQVHVORZHUHG7KHURWRUKXEDQGWKHURWRU of the annular generator are directly interconnect- ed to form one consolidated unit. The rotor unit When it comes to yield, noise emission and stress LVPRXQWHGRQDʖ[HGD[LVWKHVRFDOOHGD[OHSLQ minimisation, ENERCON’s rotor blade concept has Unlike conventional geared systems with a large set new standards in the wind energy sector. Due number of bearing points in a moving drive train, WR WKHLU PRGLʖHG VKDSH WKH EODGHV QRZ QRW RQO\ ENERCON’s drive system only requires two slow- draw energy from the outer edges of the swept moving rolling-element bearings; the reason being DUHDEXWDOVRPDNHPRUHHIʖFLHQWXVHRIWKHLQQHU its low direct drive speed. radius – considerably increasing power output. The new rotor blades are also less susceptible to tur- EXOHQFHDQGSURYLGHDQHYHQʗRZRIDLUDORQJWKH HQWLUHOHQJWKRIWKHEODGHSURʖOH
In addition to the new design, the blade tips have also been improved to reduce noise emission and increase power output. Turbulence at the blade tips caused by over and underpressure is effectively eliminated in the rotor plane. The entire length of the blade is therefore utilised without energy loss resulting from turbulence. In order to withstand H[WUHPH ZLQG ORDGV GXULQJ WKH HQWLUH OLIHVSDQ RI $SDLQWURERWFDQDSSO\WKHʖQLVKLQJ the machine, ENERCON rotor blades are engin- coat on components measuring HHUHG ZLWK D ODUJH ʗDQJH URRW 7KH GRXEOHURZ up to 35 m in just one step. bolt connection specially developed by ENERCON for large wind turbines also provides additional strength by creating even load distribution. The safety of turbines with longer rotor blades is further enhanced by sensors at the blade root, enabling WKH WXUELQH WR UHDFW WR H[WUHPH ORDGV 7KHVH DUH important factors, particularly in locations with H[WUHPHZLQGDQGFRQVLGHUDEOHORDGʗXFWXDWLRQV
ENERCON rotor blades are manufactured using a Advantages of vacuum infusion system and the so-called sand- ZLFKWHFKQLTXH,QDʖQDOVWHSWKHURWRUEODGHVDUH ENERCON rotor blades ʖQLVKHGZLWKDVSHFLDOFRDWLQJLQRUGHUWRHIʖFLHQWO\ protect their surface from weathering. Ȍ +LJKHIɐFLHQF\DQGOLWWOHVRXQGHPLVVLRQ GXHWRDQHIɐFLHQWEODGHVKDSHLQFOWLSV ENERCON direct drive – Ȍ /RQJHUVHUYLFHOLIHGXHWRUHGXFHGORDGV fewer rotating components Ȍ 0RUHFRQYHQLHQWWUDQVSRUWIRUVWUHDPOLQHG increase the lifespan EODGHSURɐOHVDQGGLYLGHGEODGHYDULDQWV (e.g. ENERCON E-82) PAGE 10 1. ENERCON turbine technology PAGE 11
Annular generator technology
Amongst other features, the annular generator 7KHPDJQHWLFʖHOGRIWKHVWDWRUZLQGLQJLVH[FLWHG is a key component in ENERCON’s gearless wind by means of the so-called pole shoes. These are generator design. Combined with the rotor hub, on the rotor – the rotating part of ENERCON´s LW SURYLGHV DQ DOPRVW IULFWLRQOHVV ʗRZ RI HQHUJ\ annular generator. Since the shape and position while a smaller number of moving components RI WKH SROH VKRHV KDYH D GHFLVLYH LQʗXHQFH RQ ensure minimum material wear. the generator’s noise emission, ENERCON´s Re- search & Development department has devoted Unlike conventional fast-running generators, particular attention to this aspect. Because the ENERCON’s annular generator is subjected to little pole shoes are precisely adapted to the slow mechanical wear, making it ideal for particularly rotation of ENERCON’s annular generator, there is heavy loads and guaranteeing a long service life. virtually no tonal noise. It is a low-speed synchronous generator with no direct grid coupling. Output voltage and frequency vary with the speed and are converted for output to Quality assurance the grid via a DC link and inverter which allow for high speed variability. In order to ensure ENERCON´s high quality, all annular generators are manufactured in the Copper pole shoe windings company’s own production facilities. Superior-qual- for the rotor Stator and rotor ity materials are always used. Close collaboration with suppliers has proven to be the most reliable According to ENERCON’s service life requirements, ZD\RISURYLGLQJWRSPDWHULDOTXDOLW\)RUH[DPSOH the copper winding in the stator (the stationary part the varnished copper wires are subjected to more of the annular generator) is produced in insulation WHVWLQJWKDQLVVSHFLʖHGLQWKHVWDQGDUG6DPSOHV class F (155 °C). Because this resembles basket of these are archived, while surge voltage tests are weaving, it is also called closed, single-layer basket performed on the pole shoes and chokes and then weaving. It consists of individual varnish-insulated documented in the computer system. round wires gathered together in bundles. At (1(5&21WKHFRSSHUZLQGLQJLVH[FOXVLYHO\GRQH by hand. In spite of increasing automation in other Temperature behaviour manufacturing areas, there is a good reason for relying on manual labour in this instance. ENERCON´s annular generator features optimised Enamelled copper wire (200 °C) temperature control. The hottest areas in the Impregnating resin (180 °C) It ensures that all materials are thoroughly inspect- generator are constantly monitored by numerous ed. Furthermore, a special work process allows temperature sensors. The sensors’ activation tem- Insulation class F (155 °C) continuous windings to be produced. Each individ- perature is considerably lower than the tempera- Copper conductor ual wire strand is continuous from start to end. ture resistance of the insulating materials used in Temperature Advantages of ENERCON’s the generator. This prevents overheating. 200 °C Impregnating resin annular generator ENERCON wind energy converters are based on a 6XSHUʖFLDOLQVXODWLRQ gearless turbine design that uses an annular gene- Winding surface Ȍ *HDUOHVV UDWRUZLWKVHSDUDWHH[FLWDWLRQ7KHPDJQHWLFʖHOGV required to generate electrical power are created Ȍ /LWWOHZHDUGXHWRVORZPDFKLQHURWDWLRQ 100 °C electrically, so permanent magnets containing the Ȍ /LWWOHPHFKDQLFDOVWUHVVGXHWRKLJKOHYHO controversial rare earth element neodymium can RIVSHHGYDULDELOLW\ be dispensed with. Ȍ Ȍ +LJKSRZHUTXDOLW\ 0 °C Ȍ 1RXVHRISHUPDQHQWPDJQHWVZLWKUDUH HDUWKPHWDOV Limit temperature Ȍ &RQWLQXRXVZLQGLQJ Actual temperature PAGE 12 1. ENERCON turbine technology PAGE 13 Tower construction Precast concrete towers The load-dynamic design of the materials and ENERCON concrete towers are not manufactured structure used in ENERCON towers provides the as a monolithic construction. The towers are made best conditions for transport, installation and up of individual precast concrete segments, with a use. Over and above the binding national and steel section positioned at the top of the assem- international norms (e.g. DIN and Eurocode) bled tower. Concrete segments with large diam- ENERCON sets its own standards which raise the eters are produced in two or three shells so that bar in terms of quality and safety. they can also be transported to locations otherwise GLIʖFXOWWRUHDFK Virtual 3D models of the tower designs are produced during the development phase using the After all segments and sections have been as- ʖQLWH HOHPHQW PHWKRG )(0 $OO SRVVLEOH VWUHVV sembled, the bottom steel section, the concrete factors on the wind turbine are simulated on the segments and the foundation are joined together model. This means that accurate predictions and tensioned during prestressing tendons to form concerning tower stability and service life are not one solid unit. left to chance before building a prototype. Produced in accordance with strict quality control ENERCON continuously evaluates additional requirements, the plane parallel precast concrete PHDVXUHPHQWV RQ H[LVWLQJ WXUELQHV IRU IXUWKHU segments are manufactured at an ENERCON YHULʖFDWLRQ RI WKH FDOFXODWHG GDWD (1(5&21vV production plant nearest the installation site. The FDOFXODWLRQVDUHYHULʖHGWKURXJKUHVXOWVSURGXFHG high quality of the individual concrete segments is E\VSHFLDOO\FRPPLVVLRQHGFHUWLʖFDWLRQERGLHVUH- guaranteed through the use of unique steel moulds VHDUFKLQVWLWXWHVDQGHQJLQHHULQJʖUPV ZLWK H[WUHPHO\ PLQLPDO WROHUDQFHV 'HWDLOHG SUR- cedures and work instructions are provided for Aesthetic considerations are also a decisive each manufacturing area. This ensures that each factor during tower development, and are obvious individual manufacturing stage as well as the ma- LQWKHʖQLVKHGSURGXFW7KHVWUHDPOLQHGJUDGXDOO\ terials used can be completely retraced. To gua- tapered design offers a visibly sophisticated con- rantee optimum quality, the properties of the high- FHSWZKLFKKDVQH[WWRQRWKLQJLQFRPPRQZLWKWKH strength concrete are also tested by specialised huge and bulky conventional cylindrical structures. material testing authorities. Heavy-duty trucks deliver the segments to the con- struction site. At the site, the divided segments are bolted together and set directly on the tower. The precisely pre-fabricated horizontal system joint allows the tower to be erected in virtually all weathers. Advantage of precast concrete segments Ȍ 3URGXFHGDWSURGXFWLRQSODQWZLWKRXW Virtual 3D simulation of an KDYLQJWRWDNHZHDWKHUFRQGLWLRQVLQWR ENERCON tower by means of DFFRXQW )(0 ʖQLWHHOHPHQWPHWKRG Ȍ &RQVLVWHQWO\KLJKTXDOLW\ Ȍ 4XLFNLQVWDOODWLRQODUJHO\LQGHSHQGHQWRI ZHDWKHUFRQGLWLRQV Ȍ ([FHOOHQWULJLGLW\HYHQZLWKKLJKWRZHUV PAGE 14 1. ENERCON turbine technology PAGE 15 Steel towers ENERCON tubular steel towers are manufactured in several individual tower sections connected by PHDQV RI VWUHVVUHGXFLQJ /ʗDQJHV 8QOLNH FRQ- YHQWLRQDO ʗDQJH MRLQWV WKH ZHOGLQJ VHDP RI WKH /ʗDQJHOLHVRXWVLGHWKHVWUHVV]RQH ENERCON steel towers are connected to the foun- dation either by means of a specially developed foundation section or a foundation basket. The cylindrical foundation section is set on the blinding layer, adjusted to the correct height and precisely aligned with adjusting bolts. Once WKH IRXQGDWLRQ LV FRPSOHWH WKH WRZHU LV ʗDQJHG together with the foundation section. The foundation basket alternative consists of a double-rowed circular array of threaded steel rods. $UHWDLQHUULQJʖWWHGWRWKHWRZHUʗDQJHLVXVHGWR hold the individual threaded rods in position. When the foundation is completed, the lower tower sec- tion is placed on the threaded rods protruding out of the concrete surface and then bolted with nuts and washers. Foundation reinforcement work: view of an E-126 WEC foundation Like all other components, tubular steel towers are subject to strict ENERCON quality standards. Foundation construction Quality assurance begins in the design/develop- ment stages of new tower types to ensure that the prototype meets all requirements before going into The foundation is the link between the tower and serial production. the subsoil and bears all the static and dynamic loads of the wind turbine. ENERCON foundations are always circular. Cover- LQJ WKH IRXQGDWLRQ ZLWK EDFNʖOO VRLO LV QRW RQO\ calculated as a load but also taken into account when calculating the weight required to reduce buoyancy caused by ground or strata water. Since the ground (depending on the site) can only absorb a certain amount of load, ENERCON has Advantages of circular foundations D UDQJH RI VWDQGDUG ʗDW RU GHHS IRXQGDWLRQV WR choose from. This way, appropriate solutions can Ȍ 7KHVWUHVVLVWKHVDPHIURPDOOZLQG be provided for a multitude of construction projects in the near term. If required, further measures GLUHFWLRQV such as soil improvement can be combined with Ȍ 6LJQLɐFDQWUHGXFWLRQRIWKHUHTXLUHG the standard solutions. It is thus possible to start DPRXQWRIFRQFUHWHDQGUHLQIRUFLQJVWHHO Production of construction shortly after the building permit has Ȍ 6PDOOHUIRUPZRUNDUHDDQGRSWLPLVHG ENERCON steel towers been approved. FXELFFRQWHQW ENERCON WEC control system PAGE 18 2. ENERCON WEC control system PAGE 19 ENERCON WEC control system Rotor blade de-icing system ENERCON storm control ENERCON wind turbines are equipped with Once ice build-up has been detected and the ENERCON wind energy converters run with a spe- state-of-the-art microelectronic control tech- turbine has been stopped, the optional ENERCON cial storm control feature. This slows the wind tur- nology developed in-house. rotor blade de-icing system, which operates with bine down so that it can continue to operate even at hot air circulation, speeds up the thawing pro- high wind speeds. Numerous shutdowns which lead cess. A fan heater installed at the root of the rotor to considerable losses in power output can thus be blade circulates a stream of hot air all the way to avoided. the blade tip. The temperature of the blade sur- Sensor system face warms up to above 0° C and the ice build-up When storm control is activated, the rated speed is melts off. linearly reduced starting at a predetermined wind speed for each turbine type. Beginning at another tur- 7KH038 PDLQSURFHVVLQJXQLW WKHFHQWUDOHOHP The thawing time is determined by the outside ELQHVSHFLʖFZLQGVSHHGWKHOLPLWDWLRQRIWKHWXUELQHɊV ent of the control system, is in constant contact temperature. Once thawing has been completed, rated speed also reduces active power. The turbine with peripheral control elements such as the yaw the turbine is restarted. If required by the particu- only shuts down at a wind speed of more than 34 m/s control and active pitch systems. A large number lar site, it is possible to deactivate automatic re- (10-minute average). of sensors continuously monitor the current status start. The operator or service technician in charge of the wind energy converter as well as all the rele- restarts the machine manually after having carried In comparison: When storm control is deactivated, vant ambient parameters. out a visual inspection. the wind turbine stops if the wind speed reaches 25 m/s in the three minute average or 30 m/s in the The control system analyses the signals and re- At sites with minimal risk factors, it is also pos- 15 second average. gulates the wind energy converters so that the sible to automatically activate the rotor blade de- wind energy available at any given time is always icing system while the wind turbine is still running Fig. 1 RSWLPDOO\H[SORLWHGDQGRSHUDWLQJVDIHW\HQVXUHG thanks to the sophisticated ice detection techno- Power 7KDQNVWRDQLQWHJUDWHGOLJKWQLQJDQGʖUHSURWHF- logy. Thin layers of ice are thawed off at an early rated tion system, the turbine electronics are protected stage thus reducing downtime. Should ice however against lightning strikes and overheating. continue to build up on the rotor blades during H[WUHPHZHDWKHUFRQGLWLRQVHYHQWKRXJKWKHGH icing system is functioning, the wind turbine is stopped. Advantages of the control system Wind speed 7KH RXWVWDQGLQJ HIʖFLHQF\ RI (1(5&21ɊV URWRU Wind turbine shuts down at preset maximum wind speed (V3). Ȍ $GDSWLYHQDFHOOH\DZFRQWUROWKURXJK ENERCON ice detection system blade de-icing system has been proven by an in- dependent technical validation agency, Deutsche V1 = Cut-in wind speed FRQVWDQWHYDOXDWLRQRIPHDVXUHPHQW V2 = Rated wind speed GDWDIURPZLQGVHQVRUV :LQGJXDUG&RQVXOWLQJ*PE+2YHUDSHULRGRIʖYH V4 = Cut-in wind speed after deactivated storm control All ENERCON serial-produced wind energy conver- winter months, ENERCON E-82 wind energy con- V3 = Cut-out wind speed with deactivated storm control Ȍ 9DULDEOHVSHHGIRUPD[LPXPZLQGWXUELQH ters are standardly equipped with an ice detection verters with and without the rotor blade de-icing HIɐFLHQF\DWDOOZLQGVSHHGVDQG system which works on a specially developed power system were observed at sites with a risk of icing. HOLPLQDWLRQRIXQGHVLUDEOHRXWSXWSHDNV curve analysis method. Various key operating ,QWKDWWLPHVLJQLʖFDQWRXWSXWGLIIHUHQFHVRIXSWR Fig. 2 Power DQGKLJKRSHUDWLQJORDGV values such as rotor or wind speeds are analysed 0:KZHUHUHFRUGHG Ȍ 0D[LPXPRXWSXWDVZHOODVORDGUHGXFWLRQ during operation. The collected data is then plotted rated GXHWRDFWLYHSLWFKV\VWHP on an operating map. Ice build-up on the machine Ȍ (1(5&21EUDNHV\VWHPIRUPD[LPXP changes the aerodynamic properties which change WXUELQHUHOLDELOLW\E\PHDQVRIWKUHHLQGH the operating map. When certain criteria are ful- SHQGHQWO\RSHUDWHGSLWFKPHFKDQLVPVZLWK ʖOOHGWKH:(&LVEURXJKWWRDKDOWDQGWKHGHLFLQJ EDFNXSSRZHUVXSSO\ FDSDFLWRUV LQWKH procedure is initiated. ENERCON‘s ice detection Fig. 1 Wind speed feature stands out by its remarkable dependabili- Power curve without HYHQWRIDSRZHUIDLOXUH Wind turbine reduces output starting at a determined wind speed Ȍ 7RZHUPRQLWRULQJXVLQJRIYLEUDWLRQ W\FRQʖUPHGE\ZHOONQRZQLQGHSHQGHQWLQVWLWXWHV ENERCON storm control (V3). A shutdown does not occur until a predetermined maximum LQFOXGLQJ0HWHRWHVW wind speed (V4) is reached. DQGDFFHOHUDWLRQVHQVRUVWRFKHFNWRZHU RVFLOODWLRQ At sites more susceptible to ice build-up, ENERCON Fig. 2 V1 = Cut-in wind speed V2 = Rated wind speed installs sensors of the company Labkotec on the Power curve with V3 = Beginning of power reduction nacelle in addition to the power curve method. ENERCON storm control V4 = Cut-out wind speed with activated storm control ENERCON grid integration and wind farm management PAGE 22 3. ENERCON grid integration and wind farm management PAGE 23 ENERCON grid integration and wind farm management ENERCON wind energy converters are equipped with intelligent grid management WHFKQRORJ\ )XOʖOOLQJ LQWHUQDWLRQDO JULG code requirements, ENERCON WECs guar- antee reliable power feed in any networks worldwide. Optimum grid integration ENERCON´s grid management system is made up RIDUHFWLʖHU'&OLQNDQGPRGXODULQYHUWHUV\VWHP To ensure that the generated power is properly fed Annular Rectifier~ G into the grid, voltage, current and frequency are generator constantly recorded at the point of reference and transmitted to the WEC control system. The refe- Excitation rence point is located on the low-voltage side of the controller WEC transformer. The key task of ENERCON´s grid management system is to feed the generated power into the grid in accordance with grid code requirements. It al- lows reliable and continuous turbine operation in JULGVZLWKKHDYLO\ʗXFWXDWLQJYROWDJHRUIUHTXHQF\ Depending on the grid, the grid management V\VWHPFDQEHʗH[LEO\SDUDPHWHULVHGIRU+]RU ENERCON annular 60 Hz-rated grid frequencies. The voltage and generator and grid frequency ranges of ENERCON wind turbines management system comply with international standards which specify ENERCON grid management system the operating range for normal operation. Ȍ &RQWULEXWHVWRPDLQWDLQLQJJULGYROWDJHDQG Ȍ )$&76SURSHUWLHVHQDEOHWKHWXUELQHVWRSUR Due to its intelligent controls, ENERCON´s inverter IUHTXHQF\ YLGHV\VWHPVHUYLFHVVLPLODUWRWKRVHSURYLGHG system possesses FACTS properties. These enable E\FRQYHQWLRQDOSRZHUSODQWVRUEH\RQG ENERCON wind energy converters to contribute to DC link Ȍ 2SWLPXPSRZHUTXDOLW\WKURXJKDQ maintaining and improving grid stability and meet DGDSWHGFRQWUROV\VWHPDQGRSHUDWLQJ Ȍ (1(5&21LVWKHɐUVWPDQXIDFWXUHUZRUOGZLGH VSHFLʖFLQWHUQDWLRQDOJULGFRGHUHTXLUHPHQWV LQFO Inverter Control system PRGHLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK,(&VWDQGDUGV fault ride-through). Therefore, ENERCON WECs WRKDYHUHFHLYHGFHUWLɐFDWLRQFRQɐUPLQJWKHVH DQG)*: )HGHUDWLRQRI*HUPDQ:LQG SRZHUSODQWSURSHUWLHV can be integrated into various grid systems world- Filter Grid measurements SRZHU UHJXODWLRQV wide. Current Voltage Frequency Transformer Ȍ 7KHLGHDEHKLQGWKHJULGPDQDJHPHQW Grid V\VWHPLVWRFRQWURODQGUHJXODWHSRZHU IHHGZLWKRXWSRZHUSHDNV PAGE 24 3. ENERCON grid integration and wind farm management PAGE 25 P/Q diagram STATCOM properties Ȍ 6RXUFHRIG\QDPLFUHDFWLYHSRZHUVXSSO\ LQJULG Ein wenig ,Q RUGHU WR DFKLHYH VWDEOH DQG HIʖFLHQW RSHUDWLRQ P Ȍ )RUZHDNJULGVRSHUDWLQJFORVHWRVWDELOLW\ of transmission and distribution networks, reactive 100% OLPLWV leer. power control is essential to maintain voltage and utilise reactive power to compensate operating Ȍ )RUFRPSHQVDWLQJUHTXLUHPHQWVLQWKH equipment. With an operating point between 20% ORZHUSRZHUUDQJH and 100% of rated active power, an ENERCON wind turbine provides a wide range of reactive power which is available to the grid as a highly dynamic 2020% % system service. Q P/Q diagram of an E-82 E2 P ,IGHVLUHGWKHUHDFWLYHSRZHUUDQJHFDQEHH[WHQG ed by means of the Q+ option, with which high grid 100% Power-frequency control connection requirements can largely be met. ENERCON wind turbines can contribute to stabilis- ing frequency. 20%20 % P/Q diagram of an E-82 E2 with extended reactive power range (Q+ option) Q Power-frequency control at overfrequency If temporary overfrequency occurs as a result of a grid fault, ENERCON WECs can reduce their power feed based on current active power or the P rated power in accordance with the grid operator´s VSHFLʖFDWLRQV P P limit 1 If required, ENERCON wind turbines can also be Option: Reserve power Plimit 2 HTXLSSHGZLWKD67$7&20RSWLRQ'XHWRWKHH[WHQ- 100% sion of the reactive power range, it is also possible Power-frequency control at underfrequency to provide the electrical power network with react- Plimit 3 ive power if no active power is being fed into the If underfrequency occurs, the amount of active grid (standstill). power being fed into the grid by ENERCON WECs Plimit 4 can be limited to stabilise the frequency. This flimit 1 flimit 2 frated flimit 3 flimit 4 flimit 5 20%20 % f available power can then be provided in the event of underfrequency. The characteristics of this con- Characteristic curve of P/Q diagram of an E-82 E2 with extended reactive Q trol system can be easily adapted to different spec- power-frequency control power range (Q+ option) and STATCOM option. LʖFDWLRQV for an ENERCON WEC PAGE 26 3. ENERCON grid integration and wind farm management PAGE 27 Inertia Emulation Fault ride-through - option With this concept, ENERCON wind turbines are able In order to secure grid stability, riding though ENERCON FRT option to support conventional power plants in stabilising momentary grid faults is a crucial factor in main- frequency or even take over the task completely. taining grid operation. The wind turbines´ fault Ȍ 9DULRXVFRQWUROSURFHVVVHWWLQJVDYDLODEOH ride-through option (FRT) enables them to ride Owing to the full-scale converter model, the gen- through various grid faults (undervoltage, overvolt- Ȍ &HUWLɐHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHVSHFLɐFUHTXLUH erator speed is decoupled from grid frequency to age, automatic reclosing, etc.) and remain connec- PHQWVRILQGHSHQGHQWLQVWLWXWHV WKHJUHDWHVWSRVVLEOHH[WHQW7KHUHIRUHLQFRQWUDVW WHGWRWKHJULGIRUXSWRʖYHVHFRQGVGXULQJWKHVH to conventional rotating machines, grid frequency faults. ʗXFWXDWLRQV GR QRW DXWRPDWLFDOO\ KDYH DQ LPSDFW Ȍ $OORZVWKH:(&WRUHPDLQLQRSHUDWLRQ on the turbine´s power output. )OH[LEOH SDUDPHWHU VHWWLQJV RIIHU PD[LPXP SHU- GXULQJDJULGIDXOW formance according to the respective grid opera- Despite the decoupling, ENERCON offers the pos- WRUVɊ VSHFLʖFDWLRQV RU WKH UHVSHFWLYH SURMHFWvV sibility of making backup energy available to the framework conditions. When a fault is detected, transmission system by means of the rotor´s iner- the WEC´s control system activates the fault ride- tia – so-called spinning reserve – with its “Inertia through feature which allows the turbine to remain Emulation” option. connected to the grid. 6KRXOGDVLJQLʖFDQWGURSLQJULGIUHTXHQF\EHGH- Once the fault has been cleared and grid voltage tected at the WEC´s point of reference, the active returns to within the tolerance range for normal power feed is temporarily increased by using the operation, the wind turbine immediately starts feed- stored rotational energy. ing the available power into the grid. After a grid fault, there are various strategies available to re- establish normal power feed-in. %HVLGHV IXOʖOOLQJ YDULRXV LQWHUQDWLRQDO JULG connection requirements, the FRT option helps to PD[LPLVHZLQGIDUPSHUIRUPDQFH P in MW f P f 2,60 Frequency deadband PSetpoint U PActual 2,55 Frequency controlband 1 Normal operation PInertia P 3 2 Fault ride-through - operation 2,50 2 3 Disconnection from the grid U Low frequency band max 2,45 1 ab cd U min U 2,40 min, temp a Beginning of power increase b End of power increase Grid frequency collapse Range of dynamic FRT grid 2,35 2 3 c Beginning of power reduction support for an ENERCON wind d End of power reduction energy converter at the point 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 t in s 0 5 60 t in s of reference Beginning of grid fault Active power curve of an ENERCON WEC Example: Active power curve of an (with Inertial Emulation) depending on ENERCON WEC (with Inertia Emulation) grid frequency during a grid frequency collapse PAGE 28 3. ENERCON grid integration and wind farm management PAGE 29 Overview of ENERCON Generation management system – power regulation for maximum yield ENERCON SCADA RTU SCADA RTU The ENERCON SCADA remote terminal unit (RTU) If the cumulative (rated) output of the turbines in Grid capacity = 80% of the installed cumulative is a superordinate closed-loop wind farm con- rated power (this would be the feed-in limit without a wind farm is greater than the grid connection generation management) trol system. In combination with the setpoints, capacity at the point of common coupling, ZKLFKPD\EHVSHFLʖHGE\HJWKHJULGRSHUDWRU ENERCON SCADA ENERCON wind farm power regulation ensures P the RTU provides the wind farm with the control SCADA bus Rated power installed per turbine system that the available grid connection capacity is used 100% values transmitted by the wind farm server. This to the fullest. establishes closed-loop control. 80% ∆P ∆P ENERCON Should one turbine in the wind farm be generating The RTU is a modular system. Depending on the SCADA RTU less power, the other turbines are individually ad- required functionality, the RTU is equipped with justed to run at a higher capacity. If power is being various hardware and control options. In its basic fed without generation management, the feed-in version, the RTU functions as a data interface. Grid limit is the cumulated rated power. Wind energy converters As an option, the RTU can be equipped with digital Network connection Optimal coordination of turbines within a wind DQGRUDQDORJXH,2PRGXOHVWRH[FKDQJHVLJQDOV farm with varying operating loads is achieved fully with the utility company/operator-owner. For this In this case, the available grid capacity automatically by generation management in the purpose, there are a number of interfaces available. could not be used at 100% without ENERCON SCADA RTU/ENERCON FCU systems. Wind farm control (closed-loop control) based on generation management. Wind farm control real-time parameters at the point of reference is with ENERCON FCU possible by means of the RTU. Control variables could be the active power, reactive power or the power factor. ENERCON SCADA Bottleneck management – maximum output during bottlenecks system ENERCON FCU FCU bus ENERCON With ENERCON bottleneck management, it becomes Line 1 The ENERCON farm control unit (FCU) offers a FCU feasible to connect wind farms in regions where Wind farm SODWIRUP IRU H[DFW DQG UDSLG ZLQG IDUP FRQWURO Bottleneck Signals from WKH JULG GRHV QRW KDYH VXIʖFLHQW DYDLODEOH WUDQV (e.g. Line 1 fails) grid operator Line 2 A number of tasks and regulations are stipulated mission capacity. P 100% in the grid code requirements for wind farms – Grid LQFOXGLQJ HIʖFLHQW FHQWUDOLVHG YROWDJH FRQWURO &RQVWDQWRQOLQHGDWDH[FKDQJHEHWZHHQWKHZLQG To meet these demands and assume the tasks, Network connection farm and the grid operator ensures that the high- YDULRXVLQWHUIDFHVDUHDYDLODEOHIRUVLJQDOH[FKDQJH est possible amount of wind farm output is adapted between the utility and operator-owner. WR WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ FDSDFLW\ %\ DFKLHYLQJ PD[ Overload I max ENERCON FCU – constant voltage despite LPXPRXWSXWGXULQJERWWOHQHFNVGURSVLQSURʖWIRU Depending on the stipulated connection require- ʗXFWXDWLQJDFWLYHSRZHUIHHGLQ wind farm owner-operators are minimised. ments, the ENERCON FCU offers a solution for Bottleneck rectified Time quick control purposes, with a response time down During bottlenecks, the bottleneck management WROHVVWKDQVɇDQHIʖFLHQWFRVWHIIHFWLYHFRQ Var 30 120.0 U in kV feature automatically adjusts the wind farm´s power nection in relatively weak networks. Through the P in MW 117.5 Wind farm output (during bottlenecks) Q in M 25 P output to the best possible setting. use of an ENERCON FCU, various control concepts can be gradually adjusted by the grid for active and reactive power, voltage and the wind 20 U 115.0 RSHUDWRULQOLQHZLWKWKHVSHFLʖFDWLRQV farm´s power factor are possible. 15 112.5 10 110.0 Q 5 107.5 0 105.0 Time in s ENERCON remote monitoring PAGE 32 4. ENERCON remote monitoring PAGE 33 ENERCON remote monitoring The ENERCON-developed system for data acquisition, remote monitoring, and open and closed-loop control can be used for individual turbines as well as for complete wind farms. ENERCON SCADA system For remote wind farm control and monitoring, the ENERCON SCADA system (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) has been a proven solution for many years and is also an important element of ENERCON’s service and maintenance programme. It offers a number of optional functions and com- munication interfaces to connect ENERCON wind farms to the grid while meeting technical grid con- nection regulations. ENERCON SCADA is a modular system. The appli- cations shown here can be easily and conveniently DGDSWHGWRFXVWRPHUVSHFLʖFUHTXLUHPHQWVRUH[ tended wherever needed. Due to optimal adapt- ability to the respective technical and commercial ENERCON SCADA interfaces conditions of wind farm projects, the ENERCON 6&$'$6\VWHPHQVXUHVPD[LPXP\LHOG Operators of wind energy converters (WECs) and grid operators are increasingly interested in the online analysis of wind farm data and the trans- ENERCON SCADA wind farm server mission of control values to wind farms without using the ENERCON SCADA Remote software. The ENERCON wind farm server is part of the For this purpose, ENERCON offers interfaces ENERCON programme package and the key EDVHG RQ 23& ;0/'$ DQG ,(& ENERCON SCADA component of each ENERCON server system. It ENERCON SCADA protocols. wind farm server & is connected to the turbines via the wind farm´s wind farm server OPC XML Server LQWHUQDO ʖEUHRSWLF FDEOH GDWD EXV V\VWHP 7KH ENERCON SCADA wind farm server is responsible ENERCON SCADA PDI-OPC for a number of wind farm communication, open- loop control and closed-loop control functions. It Network connection ENERCON SCADA PDI-OPC provides an interface Network connection is the central storage system for the current and that enables online access to wind farm data with- archived operating data of the WEC and SCADA out using the ENERCON SCADA Remote software. components. The shortest data update interval in ENERCON SCADA PDI-OPC is one second. Furthermore, set points can be transmitted via ENERCON SCADA ENERCON Client PC 3',23& WR LQʗXHQFH UHDFWLYH SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ Service OPC client by the wind farm, for instance). ENERCON SCADA system ENERCON SCADA PDI-OPC as part of the SCADA system PAGE 34 4. ENERCON remote monitoring PAGE 35 ENERCON SCADA 61400-25-104 ENERCON SCADA 61400-25-104 is an interface that uses the IEC 61400-25 data model and the IEC 60870-5-104 (2006) protocol for data transfer. The interface can be used for monitoring or controlling the wind energy converters. ENERCON SCADA wind farm server ENERCON SCADA Remote ENERCON SCADA Remote is a part of the ENERCON SCADA programme package. ENERCON SCADA Remote allows online access to the ENERCON Client PC with SCADA wind farm server to obtain an overview ENERCON SCADA Remote software of the current and saved wind farm data. The recorded data (e.g. operating hours, power, wind speed, technical availability, status messages, ENERCON SCADA Remote etc.) can be viewed as either a table or a graph. For RIʗLQHDQDO\VHVKLVWRULFDOGDWDFDQEHGRZQORDGHG LQG%DVH,9IRUPDWDOORZLQJIRUʗH[LEOHSURFHVVLQJ RIVXFKGDWDXVLQJIRUH[DPSOHH[WHUQDOVSUHDGV heet applications. ENERCON Service Info Portal ENERCON METEO The ENERCON Service Info Portal (SIP) 7KH(1(5&210(7(2V\VWHPLVXVHGWRDFTXLUH offers functionality and transparency in terms of and evaluate meteorological data in conjunc- relevant turbine data. In addition to ENERCON tion with ENERCON SCADA. The main ENERCON SCADA data, customers can obtain quick and 0(7(2FRPSRQHQWLVWKHGDWDORJJHULQVWDOOHGLQ simple access to any desired service information Available through ENERCON SIP a weather data recording cabinet. The data logger via the Internet without having to call up additio- enables a wide range of sensors to be connected ENERCON SCADA nal software. A personal password and encrypted wind farm server for the purpose of recording wind and weather transmission ensure double data protection in line Ȍ 6HUYLFHRUGHUVDQGVHUYLFHUHSRUWV measurements. Sensors or weather masts are not with the latest security standards. Ȍ 0DLQWHQDQFHRUGHUVLQFOPDLQWHQDQFH VWDQGDUG FRPSRQHQWV RI WKH (1(5&21 0(7(2 Mast with sensors UHSRUWV system, but can be supplied on request. So custom- A user-friendly menu allows easy access to all Ȍ $YDLODELOLW\ ers can design a weather measuring system to suit monthly, weekly and daily analyses of the WECs. Ȍ ENERCON PartnerKonzept Guaranteed availability Partnership – point by point ENERCON guarantees its customers a technical ENERCON´s PartnerKonzept (ENERCON Guaranteed technical availability availability of up to 97% per year incl. a clearly Ȍ *XDUDQWHHGWHFKQLFDODYDLODELOLW\ Partner Concept; EPK) gives customers the GHʖQHG PDLQWHQDQFH IDFWRU :H RIIHU WKLV KLJK Ȍ 8SWR SDDWQHDUO\DOOVLWHVZRUOGZLGH assurance of consistently high wind turbine availability for a service life of 15 years – a unique Ȍ 5HLPEXUVHPHQWRI\LHOGORVVLIJXDUDQWHHG availability for up to 15 years of operation at service on the wind market. Our aim is to support DYDLODELOLW\LVQRWDWWDLQHG calculable operating costs. the customer during the wind turbine’s entire ser- vice life and enable the highest possible yield. If Ȍ 6WHDG\\LHOGSURYLGHVSODQQLQJDQGɐQDQ technical availability is lower than 97%, ENERCON FLQJVHFXULW\ issues the customer with a credit for the income Number of lost due to lack of availability. ENERCON PartnerKonzept 14,000 Above-average contract periods Ȍ 7HUPVUDQJLQJIURPWR\HDUV 12,000 Local service Ȍ (3.IROORZXSSDFNDJHDYDLODEOHIRU From servicing to safety inspections as well as RSHUDWLQJ\HDUVȁ maintenance and repairs, all eventualities are 10,000 Local presence plays a key role in providing prompt covered by one single contract. As a result of its service. Our local service employees stay in close comprehensive service reliability, the EPK has long 8,000 contact with the wind farm operators and are Repair and spare parts guarantee since become an acknowledged ENERCON quality familiar with the site and local conditions. Through 6,000 Ȍ 1RDGGLWLRQDOSD\PHQWIRUVSDUHSDUWV IHDWXUH0RUHWKDQ RIDOO(1(5&21ZLQGWXU- remote connection, they also have access to all bines are being serviced under an EPK contract. :(&VSHFLʖF GRFXPHQWV DQG WHFKQLFDO GDWDED- RUFRUHFRPSRQHQWV ZLWKDVWDQGDUG 4,000 Damage caused by unforeseeable events such as ses at any time. Furthermore, with the ENERCON PDFKLQHU\EUHDNGRZQGRZQWLPHLQVXUDQFH acts of nature and vandalism can be covered by an SCADA system, the service employees have re- FRYHULQJJHQHUDOUHPDLQLQJULVNV 2,000 DGGLWLRQDO(3.LQVXUDQFHSROLF\6LJQLʖFDQWO\FKHDS mote access to all turbines. Fault messages are Ȍ 1RQHHGWRPDNHɐQDQFLDOSURYLVLRQVIRU er than conventional machine failure insurance, 0 WUDQVPLWWHG WR WKH 6HUYLFH RIʖFH ZKHUH DQ DXWR- PDMRUUHSDLUV the additional EPK insurance policy is now avail- 2000 2011 PDWLFGLVSDWFKV\VWHPLGHQWLʖHVWKH6HUYLFHWHDP Ȍ &RPSOHWHFRYHUDJHDJDLQVWXQIRUHVHH able through all well-known insurance companies. Years nearest to the relevant wind energy converter. DEOHHYHQWVZLWK(1(5&21vVDGGLWLRQDORU FRQYHQWLRQDOLQVXUDQFH ENERCON wind turbines with Yield-oriented price structure EPK worldwide Spare parts management Maintenance The fees under the ENERCON PartnerKonzept Alongside to reliable technology, the most impor- contract are based on the annual wind turbine tant factor for guaranteeing high availability is a yield. Depending on the type of turbine, the cus- well-functioning spare parts management system. tomer pays a minimum fee based on the previous For quick and reliable material supply at all ser- Central monitoring of WECs DQQXDO\LHOG,Q\HDUVZLWKJRRGZLQGDQGH[FHOOHQW YLFH SRLQWV (1(5&21 QRW RQO\ FDUULHV VXIʖFLHQW Ȍ &RQVWDQW6&$'$ 6XSHUYLVRU\6\VWHP yield, the fee is higher. However, in years with poor stock of compatible components but also approp- &RQWURODQG'DWD$FTXLVLWLRQ wind conditions and less yield, customers pay less. riate quantities of standard materials. The costs of Therefore, the EPK´s yield-based price structure production, transport and installation for all spare RIIHUVDSSOLFDQWVVLJQLʖFDQWOLTXLGLW\EHQHʖWV parts are already included in the EPK fee. It even Contact on site Calculation formula: covers the costs for core components and crane Ȍ 3URPSWUHDFWLRQGXHWRDGHFHQWUDOLVHG hire. VHUYLFHQHWZRUN Fee = produced kWh x price per kWh (SCADA system) Performance-oriented payment Ȍ &DOFXODEOHFRVWVEDVHGRQ\LHOG The costs of the EPK contract are based on the generated yield. ENERCON product overview PAGE 42 6. ENERCON product overview PAGE 43 ENERCON product overview The product portfolio comprises wind energy converters in the sub- to multi-megawatt classes. WEC Rated Rotor Swept Hub height Rotational speed Cut-out Wind zone Wind class power diameter area wind speed (DIBt) (IEC) ENERCON E-44 900 kW 44 m 1,521 m2 45 / 55 m variable, 16 - 34.5 rpm 28 - 34 m/s - IEC/EN IA ENERCON E-48 800 kW 48 m 1,810 m2 50 / 60 / 65 / 76 m variable, 16 - 31.5 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ III IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-53 800 kW 52.9 m 2,198 m2 50 / 60 / 73 m variable, 11 - 29.5 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ II exp IEC/NVN Class S ENERCON E-70 2,300 kW 71 m 3,959 m2 57 / 64 / 75 / 85 / 98 / 114 m variable, 6 - 21 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ III IEC/EN IA and IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-82 E2 2,000 kW 82 m 5,281 m2 78 / 84 / 85 / 98 / 108 / 138 m variable, 6 - 18 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ III IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-82 E2 2,300 kW 82 m 5,281 m2 78 / 84 / 85 / 98 / 108 / 138 m variable, 6 - 18 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ III IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-82 E4 2,350 kW 82 m 5,281 m2 59 / 69 / 78 / 84 m variable, 6 - 18 rpm 28 - 34 m/s - IEC/EN IA and IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-82 E4 3,000 kW 82 m 5,281 m2 69 / 78 / 84 m variable, 6 - 18 rpm 28 - 34 m/s - IEC/EN IA and IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-92 2,350 kW 92 m 6,648 m2 78 / 84 / 85 / 98 / 104 / 108 / 138 m variable, 5 - 16 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ III IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-101 3,050 kW 101 m 8,012 m2 99 / 124 / 135 / 149 m variable, 4 - 14.5 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ III IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-101 E2 3,500 kW 101 m 8,012 m2 74 m variable, 4 - 14.5 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ IV IEC/EN IA ENERCON E-115 3,000 kW 115.7 m 10,515.5 m2 92 / 122 / 135 / 149 m variable, 4 - 12.8 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ III IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-126 EP4 4,200 kW 127 m 12,668 m2 135 variable, 3 - 11.6 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ III IEC/EN IIA ENERCON E-126 7,580 kW 127 m 12,668 m2 135 m variable, 5 - 12.1 rpm 28 - 34 m/s WZ III IEC/EN IA ENERCON GmbH Dreekamp 5 · D-26605 Aurich Phone +49 4941 927-0 Fax +49 4941 927-669 www.enercon.de [email protected] Technical information subject to change. Last updated: June 2015