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Florida State University Libraries 2016 New Urbanism on the Ground: Using Regional Geographic Context to Evaluate Sustainability Outcomes for Six Central Florida New Urbanist Communities Kathryn Louise Ziewitz Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC POLICY NEW URBANISM ON THE GROUND: USING REGIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT TO EVALUATE SUSTAINABILITY OUTCOMES FOR SIX CENTRAL FLORIDA NEW URBANIST COMMUNITIES By KATHRYN LOUISE ZIEWITZ A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Geography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Kathryn Louise Ziewitz defended this dissertation on July 12, 2016. The members of the supervisory committee were: Joseph Pierce Professor Directing Dissertation Christopher Coutts University Representative Victor Mesev Committee Member Xiaojun Yang Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii Dedicated to my family, those by blood and those by kinship. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my advisor and the many professors and colleagues who have made this work possible. In addition, I thank my loving family and friends. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................................................9 3. THE CASE: STUDY AREAS AND FLORIDA'S GROWTH MANAGEMENT HISTORY.. ..............................................................................................................................90 4. METHODS AND DATA .......................................................................................................151 5. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................169 6. DISCUSSION ..........................................................................................................................246 7. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................289 References ....................................................................................................................................298 Biographical Sketch .....................................................................................................................325 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1. New Urbanist study sites, acreages, and construction start dates ...................................7 Table 3-1. Recent population growth in study regions ................................................................136 Table 4-1. Locational Sustainability Index variables. ................................................................165 Table 4-2. Housing density categories .........................................................................................166 Table 4-3. Land use categories from Florida Department of Revenue and as assigned for this study .......................................................................................................................................167 Table 4-4 Racial and ethnic population variables .......................................................................168 Table 4-5 Rubric for evaluation of collaborative planning ..........................................................168 Table 5-1. Rural or urban population density in year 2000 and locational sustainability score. .....................................................................................................................................220 Table 5-2 Housing densities for New Urbanist developments and surrounding census block groups for year 2000 with locational sustainability scores ....................................................221 Table 5-3. Location within or outside of city limits and locational sustainability score .............222 Table 5-4 Presence of Homeowners Associations (HOAs) and Community Development Districts (CDDs) within study communities ..........................................................................223 Table 5-5. Location within or outside or Urban Service Area and locational sustainability score ......................................................................................................................................224 Table 5-6. Greenfield or infill development, locational sustainability score, and acreage ..........225 Table 5-7. Distance to nearest city or town and locational sustainability score, and distance to nearest limited access highway ..........................................................................................226 Table 5-8. Land uses within New Urbanist communities and one-mile buffer, year 2010 .........226 Table 5-9. Land use diversity ratio derived from proportions of land in commercial and and industrial uses relative to residential, parks, and conservation uses, 2010 .....................227 Table 5-10. Locational Sustainability Index summary results ....................................................227 Table 5-11. Racial and ethnical composition of census block groups within and surrounding New Urbanist developments and Population Diversity Ratings ............................................228 vi Table 5-12. Presence of collaborative planning in New Urbanist communities and associated Locational Sustainability and Population Diversity ratings ................................................229 Table 5-13. Role of New Urbanism and public sector support for development. ......................230 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1. Locations of New Urbanist study sites..........................................................................8 Figure 3-1. Greater Orlando region New Urbanist study sites .................................................137 Figure 3-2. Greater Tampa region New Urbanist study sites ....................................................138 Figure 3-3. Celebration and vicinity ...........................................................................................139 Figure 3-4. Celebration and vicinity in early development, 1995 ...............................................140 Figure 3-5. Avalon Park and vicinity ..........................................................................................141 Figure 3-6. Future site of Avalon Park and vicinity, 1999 .........................................................142 Figure 3-7. Baldwin Park and vicinity ........................................................................................143 Figure 3-8. Baldwin Park and vicinity as Naval Training Center, 1994......................................144 Figure 3-9. West Park Village and vicinity ................................................................................145 Figure 3-10. Future site of West Park Village site as part of platted subdivision, 1994 ............146 Figure 3-11. Longleaf and vicinity .............................................................................................147 Figure 3-12. Future site of Longleaf and vicinity, 1995 .............................................................148 Figure 3-13. Hampton Lakes and vicinity ...................................................................................149 Figure 3-14. Future site of Hampton Lakes, 1995 .......................................................................150 Figure 5-1. New Urbanist sites in greater Orlando region in relation to US Census Bureau Designations for Urban Areas for year 2000 .........................................................................231 Figure 5-2. New Urbanist sites in greater Tampa region in relation to US Census Bureau Designations for Urban Areas for year 2000 .........................................................................232 Figure 5-3. New Urbanist sites in greater Orlando region in relation to housing densities for year 2000. ..............................................................................................................................233 Figure 5-4. New Urbanist sites in greater Tampa region in relation to housing densities for year 2000. ...............................................................................................................................234 Figure 5-5. New Urbanist sites in greater Orlando region in relation to city limits ...................235 viii Figure 5-6. New Urbanist sites in greater Tampa region in relation to city limits .....................236 Figure 5-7. New Urbanist sites in greater Orlando region in relation to Urban Service Area ........................................................................................................................................237 Figure 5-8. New Urbanist sites in greater Tampa region in relation to Urban Service