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Research Article s z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 12, Issue, 03, pp.10829-10833, March, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.38310.03.2020 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE PREY COMPOSITION OF COMMUNAL SPIDER STEGODYPHUS SARASINORUM (KARSCH) NEAR HUMAN HABITATION IN SIGUR PLATEAU Pathmavathy, R. and *Ebanasar, J. Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam, The Nilgiris – 643 002, Tamilnadu, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The present study emphasizes on the prey composition of the communal spider Stegodyphus Received 24th December, 2019 sarasinorum Karsch in four different stations of Sigur Plateau. Hence the biological pest control Received in revised form potency of S. sarasinorum was remarkable in the study area. Spiders are the best predators to regulate 10th January, 2020 pest population in a sustainable manner. The investigation reveals that the spider species captured six Accepted 28th February, 2020 different order of the prey from the roadsides and fencings of different study sites. Mostly the th Published online 30 March, 2020 Hemiptera and Hymenoptera prey species were subsequently fed by the spider S. sarasinorum, while the Diptera species was found as least group. Key Words: Communal Spider, Predator, Prey Composition. Copyright © 2020, Pathmavathy and Ebanasar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Pathmavathy, R. and Ebanasar, J. 2020. “Prey composition of communal spider stegodyphus sarasinorum (karsch) near human habitation in sigur plateau”, International Journal of Current Research, 12, (03), 10829-10833. Hence, Spiders are the bioindicators as biological pest control INTRODUCTION activity and also a better economic value to man because of their ability in suppressing the multiplication of pest, Spiders are the first group with terrestrial adaptation and one of abundantly in agro ecosystem. Most Spiders feed on smaller the most diverse groups of organisms belonging to phylum prey relating to its own size (Wise, 1993). But few web arthropoda. Spiders peculiarly have different sizes and colors, building spiders prey on large size insects (Dolly and which can be located easily in different habitats. Among Shivakumar, 2014; Jones and Parker, 2000). Spiders use their various arthropods, spiders are well known for their silk, which contains a protein material called fibroin to comprehensive dependence on predation of small insects and construct the web and also use the silk to catch the prey arachnids. A number of entomologists have agreed the species. Stegodyphus sarasinorum (Karsch, 1891) is one of the importance of spiders as one of the best predators in regulating permanently social spider found in various parts of India. They the pests of different crops (Gajbe, 2004). Spiders contribute are usually found in dry and shrubby habitats (Jambunathan, greatly to biodiversity in sustaining ecological equilibrium. 1905; Jacson and Joseph 1973; Kraus and Kraus 1988). S. Also they are important for natural pest control activity sarasinorum feeds on insects which was several times larger (Symodson et al., 2002). Spiders are the predators which serve than its own size, due to its nature of communal feeding where as buffers to limit the exponential growth of pest populations the prey simultaneously fed upon by several individual spiders. in various ecosystems (Kritani et al., 1972; Mansour et al., The investigation was focused on the prey composition of the 1981; Nyffeler and Benz, 1981; Wolgang, 1983; Young and communal spider S. sarasinorum from the human habitats Edwards, 1990; Eswaramoorthy et al., 1994; Pointing, 1996; associated with Sigur plateau of Nilgiris. Geetha and Gopalan, 1999; Mathirajan and Regupathy, 2003; Ghavami, 2008; Sankari and Thiyagesan, 2010). Usually MATERIALS AND METHODS farmers use pesticides to control the pests in the crop, where those pest get tolerant to such pesticides. Study Area: The Present Study was conducted from November 2014 to October 2015 at four different regions of *Corresponding author: Ebanasar, J., Sigur Plateau. The area has moderated temperature throughout Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts the year with moist deciduous forest. Depends upon the College, Udhagamandalam, The Nilgiris – 643 002, Tamilnadu, India. elevational gradient the areas were distributed as follows. 10830 Pathmavathy and Ebanasar, Prey composition of communal spider stegodyphus sarasinorum (karsch) near human habitation in sigur plateau Station 1 is Mavanalla which lies at the geographical position while comparing to the species Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. of 11o32’35.55”N latitude, 76o40’51.23”E Longitude and the (Fig 2).In station 2 the analysis of variance shows an elevation is 918m above MSL. Station 2 is Vazhaithottam lies significant difference between the prey species of S. at the geographical position of 11o31’49.56”N latitude, sarasinorum during the study period. Hemiptera species shows 76o41’31.41”E Longitude and the elevation lies at 925m above the significant among other prey (P<0.01) (Table 2). While in MSL. Station 3 was Masinagudi lies at the position of station 3 Hemiptera species shows the highest number that was 11o34’04.87’’N latitude, 76o38’20.54”E Longitude and the followed by Hymenoptera almost lies close to Hemiptera. elevation lies at 948m above MSL. Station 4 was Bokkapuram They were shows in the range of lies at the geographical position of 11o32’33.62’’N latitude, Lepidoptera>Dictyoptera>Diptera. The abundance of 76o38’58.29”E Longitude and the elevation lies at 968m above Hemipteran species was highin the month of November 2014. MSL. The Hymenoptera species forms large amount of prey in November 2014 and October 2015. While the remaining four Collection of web: The communal spider S. sarasinorum was prey species were found least in diet throughout the year (Fig selected for the present study. Spiders are found in road sides 3). In Station 3 there is a significant difference between the and fencings of the field. They are located in the habitat such different types of prey species of S. sarasinorum. Hemiptera as plants, shrubs, branches of trees etc., Spiders were observed species was the dominant, which was close with Hymenoptera by using visual searching by following (Sebastian et al., 2005) while comparing to other prey species (P<0.01) (Table 3). and aerial hand collection methods (Tikader, 1987; Coddington et al., 1996). Station 4 shows that the abundant number of prey species captured were Hymenoptera and Hemiptera respectively. The Identification of prey composition: Prey captured by the other prey species were found to be the least which represented communal spider S. sarasinorum was observed by carefully as Coleoptera>Lepidoptera>Dictyoptera>Diptera. In the dissecting collected webs. Old webs were subjected for prey station 4 the Hymenoptera species was found highest in preference. Remaining exoskeletons of insects collected from January 2015. The Hemiptera species found to be highest in the web were used to identify the prey species in order level November 2014 and January 2015. The prey species such as using standard keys of Ramalingam (2003). Once the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Dictyoptera and Diptera were found observation was completed the webs were again replaced to least prey in the twelve months of the study period. (Fig 4). the habitat. Few insect skeletons could not be identified The analysisof variance of station 4 revealed that there is a because of damage were recorded as unidentified. The total significant difference in prey composition of S. sarasinorum number of prey in each category was counted carefully and throughout the year. Here the Hymenoptera species was recorded. abundant among the other prey (P<0.01) (Table 4). The investigation reveals that the spider species S. sarasinorum Statistical Analysis of Data: Collected data were statistically prefer to feed on the insects belongs to the order Hymenoptera analyzed ANOVA using MINITAB software. and Hemiptera in all the study areas during the study period. The prey capture depends upon the monsoon of the particular RESULTS AND DISCUSSION area and also the habitat richness in the particular area at the time of observation. Web spiders are stationary predators that The present study is a preliminary assay to understand the prey usually wait for their prey to come to them. A large proportion selection of selected spider species S. sarasinorum. Spiders of web spiders spin aerial webs, with which they filter the usually feed on insects. Among the 12 months of study period aerial plankton (Kajak, 1965; Chacon and Eberhard, 1980; 6 different order of the prey captured by the communal spider Nentwig, 1980; Nyffeler, 1999).The biocontrol potential and S. sarasinorum were observed in all the four stations. The prey economic evaluation of the communal spider is evaluated only species recorded viz., Coleoptera, Dictyoptera, Diptera, after the assessment of the potential of spider species on its all Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera. In station 1 prey species, whether they are harmful or beneficial (Nentwig, Hymenoptera species were highly captured by the spider S. 1985). sarasinorum which was followed by Hemiptera>Coleoptera> Diptera>Lepidoptera>Dictyoptera
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