A Unit Selection Text-To-Speech-And-Singing Synthesis Framework from Neutral Speech: Proof of Concept 39 II.1 Introduction
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Commercial Tools in Speech Synthesis Technology
International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 320 Volume-2, Issue-12, December-2019 www.ijresm.com | ISSN (Online): 2581-5792 Commercial Tools in Speech Synthesis Technology D. Nagaraju1, R. J. Ramasree2, K. Kishore3, K. Vamsi Krishna4, R. Sujana5 1Associate Professor, Dept. of Computer Science, Audisankara College of Engg. and Technology, Gudur, India 2Professor, Dept. of Computer Science, Rastriya Sanskrit VidyaPeet, Tirupati, India 3,4,5UG Student, Dept. of Computer Science, Audisankara College of Engg. and Technology, Gudur, India Abstract: This is a study paper planned to a new system phonetic and prosodic information. These two phases are emotional speech system for Telugu (ESST). The main objective of usually called as high- and low-level synthesis. The input text this paper is to map the situation of today's speech synthesis might be for example data from a word processor, standard technology and to focus on potential methods for the future. ASCII from e-mail, a mobile text-message, or scanned text Usually literature and articles in the area are focused on a single method or single synthesizer or the very limited range of the from a newspaper. The character string is then preprocessed and technology. In this paper the whole speech synthesis area with as analyzed into phonetic representation which is usually a string many methods, techniques, applications, and products as possible of phonemes with some additional information for correct is under investigation. Unfortunately, this leads to a situation intonation, duration, and stress. Speech sound is finally where in some cases very detailed information may not be given generated with the low-level synthesizer by the information here, but may be found in given references. -
HMM 기반 TTS와 Musicxml을 이용한 노래음 합성
Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information www.ksci.re.kr Vol. 20, No. 5, May 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2015.20.5.053 HMM 기반 TTS와 MusicXML을 이용한 노래음 합성 1)칸 나지브 울라*, 이 정 철* Singing Voice Synthesis Using HMM Based TTS and MusicXML Najeeb Ullah Khan*, Jung-Chul Lee* 요 약 노래음 합성이란 주어진 가사와 악보를 이용하여 컴퓨터에서 노래음을 생성하는 것이다. 텍스트/음성 변환기에 널리 사용된 HMM 기반 음성합성기는 최근 노래음 합성에도 적용되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 구현방법에는 대용량의 노래음 데이터베이스 수집과 학습이 필요하여 구현에 어려움이 있다. 또한 기존의 상용 노래음 합성시스템은 피아 노 롤 방식의 악보 표현방식을 사용하고 있어 일반인에게는 익숙하지 않으므로 읽기 쉬운 표준 악보형식의 사용자 인터페이스를 지원하여 노래 학습의 편의성을 향상시킬 필요가 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 기 존 낭독형 음성합성기의 HMM 모델을 이용하고 노래음에 적합한 피치값과 지속시간 제어방법을 적용하여 HMM 모 델 파라미터 값을 변화시킴으로서 노래음을 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 음표와 가사를 입력하기 위한 MusicXML 기반의 악보편집기를 전단으로, HMM 기반의 텍스트/음성 변환 합성기를 합성기 후단으로서 사용하여 노래음 합성시스템을 구현하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 이용하여 합성된 노래음을 평가하였 으며 평가결과 활용 가능성을 확인하였다. ▸Keywords : 텍스트/음성변환, 은닉 마코프 모델, 노래음 합성, 악보편집기 Abstract Singing voice synthesis is the generation of a song using a computer given its lyrics and musical notes. Hidden Markov models (HMM) have been proved to be the models of choice for text to speech synthesis. HMMs have also been used for singing voice synthesis research, however, a huge database is needed for the training of HMMs for singing voice synthesis. -
The Race of Sound: Listening, Timbre, and Vocality in African American Music
UCLA Recent Work Title The Race of Sound: Listening, Timbre, and Vocality in African American Music Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sn4k8dr ISBN 9780822372646 Author Eidsheim, Nina Sun Publication Date 2018-01-11 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Race of Sound Refiguring American Music A series edited by Ronald Radano, Josh Kun, and Nina Sun Eidsheim Charles McGovern, contributing editor The Race of Sound Listening, Timbre, and Vocality in African American Music Nina Sun Eidsheim Duke University Press Durham and London 2019 © 2019 Nina Sun Eidsheim All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper ∞ Designed by Courtney Leigh Baker and typeset in Garamond Premier Pro by Copperline Book Services Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Title: The race of sound : listening, timbre, and vocality in African American music / Nina Sun Eidsheim. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2018. | Series: Refiguring American music | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers:lccn 2018022952 (print) | lccn 2018035119 (ebook) | isbn 9780822372646 (ebook) | isbn 9780822368564 (hardcover : alk. paper) | isbn 9780822368687 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: African Americans—Music—Social aspects. | Music and race—United States. | Voice culture—Social aspects— United States. | Tone color (Music)—Social aspects—United States. | Music—Social aspects—United States. | Singing—Social aspects— United States. | Anderson, Marian, 1897–1993. | Holiday, Billie, 1915–1959. | Scott, Jimmy, 1925–2014. | Vocaloid (Computer file) Classification:lcc ml3917.u6 (ebook) | lcc ml3917.u6 e35 2018 (print) | ddc 781.2/308996073—dc23 lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018022952 Cover art: Nick Cave, Soundsuit, 2017. -
Models of Speech Synthesis ROLF CARLSON Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 92, pp. 9932-9937, October 1995 Colloquium Paper This paper was presented at a colloquium entitled "Human-Machine Communication by Voice," organized by Lawrence R. Rabiner, held by the National Academy of Sciences at The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center in Irvine, CA, February 8-9,1993. Models of speech synthesis ROLF CARLSON Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT The term "speech synthesis" has been used need large amounts of speech data. Models working close to for diverse technical approaches. In this paper, some of the the waveform are now typically making use of increased unit approaches used to generate synthetic speech in a text-to- sizes while still modeling prosody by rule. In the middle of the speech system are reviewed, and some of the basic motivations scale, "formant synthesis" is moving toward the articulatory for choosing one method over another are discussed. It is models by looking for "higher-level parameters" or to larger important to keep in mind, however, that speech synthesis prestored units. Articulatory synthesis, hampered by lack of models are needed not just for speech generation but to help data, still has some way to go but is yielding improved quality, us understand how speech is created, or even how articulation due mostly to advanced analysis-synthesis techniques. can explain language structure. General issues such as the synthesis of different voices, accents, and multiple languages Flexibility and Technical Dimensions are discussed as special challenges facing the speech synthesis community. -
Masterarbeit
Masterarbeit Erstellung einer Sprachdatenbank sowie eines Programms zu deren Analyse im Kontext einer Sprachsynthese mit spektralen Modellen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Master of Science vorgelegt dem Fachbereich Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Informatik der Technischen Hochschule Mittelhessen Tobias Platen im August 2014 Referent: Prof. Dr. Erdmuthe Meyer zu Bexten Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Keywan Sohrabi Eidesstattliche Erklärung Hiermit versichere ich, die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig und unter ausschließlicher Verwendung der angegebenen Literatur und Hilfsmittel erstellt zu haben. Die Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch nicht veröffentlicht. 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einführung7 1.1 Motivation...................................7 1.2 Ziele......................................8 1.3 Historische Sprachsynthesen.........................9 1.3.1 Die Sprechmaschine.......................... 10 1.3.2 Der Vocoder und der Voder..................... 10 1.3.3 Linear Predictive Coding....................... 10 1.4 Moderne Algorithmen zur Sprachsynthese................. 11 1.4.1 Formantsynthese........................... 11 1.4.2 Konkatenative Synthese....................... 12 2 Spektrale Modelle zur Sprachsynthese 13 2.1 Faltung, Fouriertransformation und Vocoder................ 13 2.2 Phase Vocoder................................ 14 2.3 Spectral Model Synthesis........................... 19 2.3.1 Harmonic Trajectories........................ 19 2.3.2 Shape Invariance.......................... -
Expression Control in Singing Voice Synthesis
Expression Control in Singing Voice Synthesis Features, approaches, n the context of singing voice synthesis, expression control manipu- [ lates a set of voice features related to a particular emotion, style, or evaluation, and challenges singer. Also known as performance modeling, it has been ] approached from different perspectives and for different purposes, and different projects have shown a wide extent of applicability. The Iaim of this article is to provide an overview of approaches to expression control in singing voice synthesis. We introduce some musical applica- tions that use singing voice synthesis techniques to justify the need for Martí Umbert, Jordi Bonada, [ an accurate control of expression. Then, expression is defined and Masataka Goto, Tomoyasu Nakano, related to speech and instrument performance modeling. Next, we pres- ent the commonly studied set of voice parameters that can change and Johan Sundberg] Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSP.2015.2424572 Date of publication: 13 October 2015 IMAGE LICENSED BY INGRAM PUBLISHING 1053-5888/15©2015IEEE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE [55] noVEMBER 2015 voices that are difficult to produce naturally (e.g., castrati). [TABLE 1] RESEARCH PROJECTS USING SINGING VOICE SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGIES. More examples can be found with pedagogical purposes or as tools to identify perceptually relevant voice properties [3]. Project WEBSITE These applications of the so-called music information CANTOR HTTP://WWW.VIRSYN.DE research field may have a great impact on the way we inter- CANTOR DIGITALIS HTTPS://CANTORDIGITALIS.LIMSI.FR/ act with music [4]. Examples of research projects using sing- CHANTER HTTPS://CHANTER.LIMSI.FR ing voice synthesis technologies are listed in Table 1. -
UN SYNTHÉTISEUR DE LA VOIX CHANTÉE BASÉ SUR MBROLA POUR LE MANDARIN Liu Ning
UN SYNTHÉTISEUR DE LA VOIX CHANTÉE BASÉ SUR MBROLA POUR LE MANDARIN Liu Ning To cite this version: Liu Ning. UN SYNTHÉTISEUR DE LA VOIX CHANTÉE BASÉ SUR MBROLA POUR LE MAN- DARIN. Journées d’Informatique Musicale, 2012, Mons, France. hal-03041805 HAL Id: hal-03041805 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03041805 Submitted on 5 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Actes des Journées d’Informatique Musicale (JIM 2012), Mons, Belgique, 9-11 mai 2012 UN SYNTHÉTISEUR DE LA VOIX CHANTÉE BASÉ SUR MBROLA POUR LE MANDARIN Liu Ning CICM (Centre de recherche en Informatique et Création Musicale) Université Paris VIII, MSH Paris Nord [email protected] RESUME fonction de la mélodie et des paroles à partir d’un fichier MIDI [7]. Dans cet article, nous présentons le projet de développement d’un synthétiseur de la voix chantée basé Néanmoins, les synthèses de la voix chantée pour la sur MBROLA en mandarin pour la langue chinoise. langue chinoise ont encore des limites techniques. Par Notre objectif vise à développer un synthétiseur qui exemple, le système à partir de la lecture de fichier MIDI puisse fonctionner en temps réel, qui soit capable de se est un système en temps différé. -
Espeak : Speech Synthesis
Software Requirements Specification for ESpeak : Speech Synthesis Version 1.48.15 Prepared by Dimitrios Koufounakis January 10, 2018 Copyright © 2002 by Karl E. Wiegers. Permission is granted to use, modify, and distribute this document. Software Requirements Specification for <Project> Page ii Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... ii Revision History ............................................................................................................................ ii 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Document Conventions .................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions................................................................................... 1 1.4 Project Scope .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.5 References......................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Overall Description ..................................................................................................................2 -
Fully Generated Scripted Dialogue for Embodied Agents
Fully Generated Scripted Dialogue for Embodied Agents Kees van Deemter 1, Brigitte Krenn 2, Paul Piwek 3, Martin Klesen 4, Marc Schröder 5, and Stefan Baumann 6 Abstract : This paper presents the NECA approach to the generation of dialogues between Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs). This approach consist of the automated constructtion of an abstract script for an entire dialogue (cast in terms of dialogue acts), which is incrementally enhanced by a series of modules and finally ”performed” by means of text, speech and body language, by a cast of ECAs. The approach makes it possible to automatically produce a large variety of highly expressive dialogues, some of whose essential properties are under the control of a user. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of NECA’s approach to Fully Generated Scripted Dialogue (FGSD), and explains the main techniques used in the two demonstrators that were built. The paper can be read as a survey of issues and techniques in the construction of ECAs, focussing on the generation of behaviour (i.e., focussing on information presentation) rather than on interpretation. Keywords : Embodied Conversational Agents, Fully Generated Scripted Dialogue, Multimodal Interfaces, Emotion modelling, Affective Reasoning, Natural Language Generation, Speech Synthesis, Body Language. 1. Introduction A number of scientific disciplines have started, in the last decade or so, to join forces to build Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs): software agents with a human-like synthetic voice and 1 University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK (Corresponding author, email [email protected]) 2 Austrian Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (OEFAI), University of Vienna, Austria 3 Centre for Research in Computing, The Open University, UK 4 German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbruecken, Germany 5 German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbruecken, Germany 6 University of Koeln, Germany. -
Design and Implementation of Text to Speech Conversion for Visually Impaired People
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Covenant University Repository International Journal of Applied Information Systems (IJAIS) – ISSN : 2249-0868 Foundation of Computer Science FCS, New York, USA Volume 7– No. 2, April 2014 – www.ijais.org Design and Implementation of Text To Speech Conversion for Visually Impaired People Itunuoluwa Isewon* Jelili Oyelade Olufunke Oladipupo Department of Computer and Department of Computer and Department of Computer and Information Sciences Information Sciences Information Sciences Covenant University Covenant University Covenant University PMB 1023, Ota, Nigeria PMB 1023, Ota, Nigeria PMB 1023, Ota, Nigeria * Corresponding Author ABSTRACT A Text-to-speech synthesizer is an application that converts text into spoken word, by analyzing and processing the text using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and then using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technology to convert this processed text into synthesized speech representation of the text. Here, we developed a useful text-to-speech synthesizer in the form of a simple application that converts inputted text into synthesized speech and reads out to the user which can then be saved as an mp3.file. The development of a text to Figure 1: A simple but general functional diagram of a speech synthesizer will be of great help to people with visual TTS system. [2] impairment and make making through large volume of text easier. 2. OVERVIEW OF SPEECH SYNTHESIS Speech synthesis can be described as artificial production of Keywords human speech [3]. A computer system used for this purpose is Text-to-speech synthesis, Natural Language Processing, called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in Digital Signal Processing software or hardware. -
Attuning Speech-Enabled Interfaces to User and Context for Inclusive Design: Technology, Methodology and Practice
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Univ Access Inf Soc (2009) 8:109–122 DOI 10.1007/s10209-008-0136-x LONG PAPER Attuning speech-enabled interfaces to user and context for inclusive design: technology, methodology and practice Mark A. Neerincx Æ Anita H. M. Cremers Æ Judith M. Kessens Æ David A. van Leeuwen Æ Khiet P. Truong Published online: 7 August 2008 Ó The Author(s) 2008 Abstract This paper presents a methodology to apply 1 Introduction speech technology for compensating sensory, motor, cog- nitive and affective usage difficulties. It distinguishes (1) Speech technology seems to provide new opportunities to an analysis of accessibility and technological issues for the improve the accessibility of electronic services and soft- identification of context-dependent user needs and corre- ware applications, by offering compensation for limitations sponding opportunities to include speech in multimodal of specific user groups. These limitations can be quite user interfaces, and (2) an iterative generate-and-test pro- diverse and originate from specific sensory, physical or cess to refine the interface prototype and its design cognitive disabilities—such as difficulties to see icons, to rationale. Best practices show that such inclusion of speech control a mouse or to read text. Such limitations have both technology, although still imperfect in itself, can enhance functional and emotional aspects that should be addressed both the functional and affective information and com- in the design of user interfaces (cf. [49]). Speech technol- munication technology-experiences of specific user groups, ogy can be an ‘enabler’ for understanding both the content such as persons with reading difficulties, hearing-impaired, and ‘tone’ in user expressions, and for producing the right intellectually disabled, children and older adults. -
Speech Synthesis
Gudeta Gebremariam Speech synthesis Developing a web application implementing speech tech- nology Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Bachelor of Engineering Information Technology Thesis 7 April, 2016 Abstract Author(s) Gudeta Gebremariam Title Speech synthesis Number of Pages 35 pages + 1 appendices Date 7 April, 2016 Degree Bachelor of Engineering Degree Programme Information Technology Specialisation option Software Engineering Instructor(s) Olli Hämäläinen, Senior Lecturer Speech is a natural media of communication for humans. Text-to-speech (TTS) tech- nology uses a computer to synthesize speech. There are three main techniques of TTS synthesis. These are formant-based, articulatory and concatenative. The application areas of TTS include accessibility, education, entertainment and communication aid in mass transit. A web application was developed to demonstrate the application of speech synthesis technology. Existing speech synthesis engines for the Finnish language were compared and two open source text to speech engines, Festival and Espeak were selected to be used with the web application. The application uses a Linux-based speech server which communicates with client devices with the HTTP-GET protocol. The application development successfully demonstrated the use of speech synthesis in language learning. One of the emerging sectors of speech technologies is the mobile market due to limited input capabilities in mobile devices. Speech technologies are not equally available in all languages. Text in the Oromo language