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HANDBOOK for Developing Urban Eco-Islands with Smart Solutions

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HANDBOOK for Developing Urban Eco-Islands with Smart Solutions HELSINKI Vasikkasaari Aegna TALLINN Authors: Piret Kuldna, Harri Moora, Heidi Tuhkanen, Evelin Piirsalu (SEI Tallinn); Annika Harlio, Maria Suomela (City of Helsinki); Veli Airikkala, Noora Reittu (Forum Virium Helsinki); Merilin Laager (City of Tallinn) Graphic design and layout: Imago OÜ Cover: 110th Street productions (Vasikkasaari, upper photo), Shutterstock (Aegna, lower photo) ISBN 978-9949-9656-9-4 (pdf) Suggested citation: Urban Eco-Islands project 2021. Handbook for Developing Urban Eco-Islands with Smart Solutions. Tallinn-Helsinki. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 2 1. The Smart and Sustainable Island Development Model ........................................................... 3 2. Strategic planning process .................................................................................................... 6 3. Setting the vision ................................................................................................................. 8 4. Sustainability assessment ..................................................................................................... 9 5. Goals and actions .............................................................................................................. 12 6. Smart solutions ................................................................................................................. 13 6.1. Digital solutions ........................................................................................................... 13 6.2. Citizen science ............................................................................................................ 16 7. Doing, learning and acting .................................................................................................. 17 8. Useful resources ................................................................................................................ 18 Annex 1. Interview questionnaire example ............................................................................... 19 Annex 2. Examples of digital solutions ..................................................................................... 23 Annex 2.1. Sensor data collection ........................................................................................ 23 Annex 2.2. Monitoring visitor flows and directions: Bluetooth technology and visitor counters ............................................................ 24 Annex 2.3. Nature decay monitoring with satellite data .......................................................... 25 Annex 2.4. Nature monitoring with a drone: Bird nest counting ............................................... 26 Annex 2.5. Information sharing to the public via digital format: Information boards and virtual tour ..................................................................... 27 Annex 3. Examples of citizen science activities ......................................................................... 28 Annex 3.1. Biodiversity-related citizen science activities with iNaturalist .................................. 28 Annex 3.2. Marine litter-related citizen science ..................................................................... 29 Annex 4. Other examples ....................................................................................................... 30 Annex 4.1. New resting areas, nature trail and hiking routes ................................................... 30 Annex 4.2. Where the waste goes on a small island: Waste management system on Aegna .................................................................. 31 1 Introduction This handbook offers a guide for the integrated The handbook summarises the key steps on how development planning of small islands close to to develop a strategy for a small how to develop urban areas. Proximity to cities creates a large a strategy for a small sustainable island and use potential for these islands to become smart and smart solutions – digital technology and citizen sustainable tourism destinations while taking science approach for collecting data from the the islands’ natural and cultural assets into environment and also from the visitors. It also account – Urban Eco-Islands. gives examples of integrated destination deve- lopment as illustrative cases for inspiration to The handbook can be useful for local authori- other small urban islands. ties, island communities and land owners, as well as other similar stakeholders who make Detailed guiding questions and templates for decisions on how the island’s values can be pre- the strategic planning are provided in the Excel- served, but also to use them for developing sus- based Urban Eco-Islands’ strategy develop- tainable tourism attractions and products wit- ment tool. hout harming the environment. Based on the experience from mainly two Bal- The handbook was written in collaboration tic Sea islands, Aegna (Tallinn) and Vasikkasaari with SEI Tallinn, City of Helsinki, together with (Helsinki) in the project “Urban Eco-Islands – its innovation company Forum Virium Helsinki, Urban and Smart Island Tourism Destinations”, and the City of Tallinn. The project received the handbook offers support for replicating this financial support from the Interreg Central Bal- type of development work in other locations of tic Programme 2014–2020 (European Regional the Baltic Sea and beyond. Development Fund). Photos: Tuomas Lahti, Teemu Saloriutta, Neeme Möll, Andrus Kahn 2 1. The Smart and Sustainable Island Development Model The development of a sustainable island should The sustainability dimensions form a strategic be a strategic process. It has to take into account framework for the island from the perspective all sustainability dimensions, be based on a sys- of its environmental, economic, social and cul- tematic assessment of the current situation as tural support systems. These support systems well as on stakeholder involvement, and also be should be the basis for integrated decision-ma- a targeted action. king by linking the environment, resources, population, development and management. The smart and sustainable development model The core of the sustainable development stra- offers an approach to strategic planning in the tegy is to strengthen the island’s capacity in all context of small islands. The small islands are four sustainability dimensions (Figure 1). particular as they face various limitations due to the issues of scale and isolation1. grity an s’ inte d natu tem re v sys alu co and waste man es E urce agem eso en t r t s en ys ci patial planning te f d s , la m E ce nd building nd lan a us Ba e ts m S L e c iron enta o g v l u g e n f a j s E i t b e s i u c t r o l L i i / a o e c e e v c n h s g a t d u l a n E l / a t / o p i a c s r r p p y o m u e t t o i Act Plan t n t l i l h a r m o n a l t l u l e r m a a c a d b r u l i n f Management i t u u l l i c d l o t n a s l r u f i c u n n r u t C c o a o e l Learn Do i f s n u s t t c o s n a r e g e v u n s n r c i c o i e t d t t l i u i s i v u r e b i i B e r t h y P x E Social C oh ity esiv mun En e local com s ga es gi ren ng k wa nowledge and a Cooperation Figure 1. Sustainability dimensions and elements for the development of a small island 1 Kerr, S. A. 2005. What is small island sustainable development about? Ocean & Coastal Management 48: 503–524. 3 Each support system (sustainability dimension) of the island. The system considers seasonality incorporates key factors (elements) that impact and types of waste (e.g., package, paper and the island’s sustainability. Depending on the cardboard, biowaste, bulky waste, hazardous island’s conditions (such as size), the most rele- waste, construction waste, waste electrical and vant factors may vary to some extent. The fol- electronic equipment). The visitors are informed lowing framework can be employed to analyse and people’s waste-related behaviour is good small islands` environments which have a local on the island. Wastewater disposal is safe. community (year-round or summer residents) Balanced spatial planning, land use and building as well as some economic activities and cultural decision-making – the planning, land use and content. building decisions take into account the infor- Environmental sustainability aims at maintai- mation on nature monitoring (plant and habitat ning ecosystem and nature’s services at a sui- surveys, birds nesting, etc.), possible effects of table level. Ecosystem services – both renewable climate change and other environmental risks. and non-renewable resources and waste absor- Economic sustainability aims at efficiently using ptive capacity – provide benefits to humans and the available resources to assure profitability improve their welfare.2 The following aspects over time. Together with environmental sus- are important to consider for a small island: tainability conditions, it supports the viable Maintaining ecosystems integrity and nature development of a territory.3 For the economic values – there is sufficient capacity for nature viability of the island, the following elements are protection (planning, enforcement, monitoring, relevant: cooperation, etc.) to sustain ecosystems’ com- • Logistic support and connectivity – trans- position, structure, and function on the island. port connectivity with the mainland meets Comprehensive ecological databases for con- the island’s needs,
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