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Wireline Communications in a Wireless World

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Wireline Communications in a Wireless World Wireline Communications in a Wireless World Yezi Huang Doctorate Disseration Lund, October 2017 Yezi Huang Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University Box 118, SE-221 00 LUND SWEDEN This thesis is set in Computer Modern 10pt with the LATEX Documentation System Series of licentiate and doctoral theses No. 107 ISSN 1654-790X ISBN 978-91-7753-431-0 (print) ISBN 978-91-7753-432-7 (pdf) © Yezi Huang 2017 Printed in Sweden by Tryckeriet i E-huset, Lund. October 2017. To my family ~ Abstract The whole society is digitalizing, filled with streaming services, cloud comput- ing and an ambition of ubiquitous connectivity. To address the data demand, ultra-fast broadband, at the speeds of 1 Gbps and more, is developed and de- ployed. Optical fibers have been long viewed as a future-proof carrier forthe ultra-fast broadband. However, the physical deployment of fiber networks, including digging, burying, rewiring, drilling, etc., is still an expensive and disruptive process. The economic concern repeatedly defers the delivery of end-to-end fiber connections to every premise while the 5G development can- not wait any longer. This dilemma motivates the industry to use the readily in-place copper-based network to deliver the last-mile communication which is the most expensive segment for fiber roll-outs. The challenge is: are the copper cables capable of offering a fiber-like experience? This thesis supports the answer: Yes. Focusing on the network side, where centralized cooperative processing is available, the potential of copper networks is explored in three subparts: evolution, maintenance and extension. The first subpart, devoted to digital subscriber line (DSL) evolution, con- tinues extracting available resources to increase network capacity. The main concept of the fourth generation broadband (4GBB) is to further broaden band- width over shorter cables for loading more data. However, its effectiveness gets saturated after around 200 MHz due to severe data channel attenuation and strong interference level. To cut this Gordian knot, a new precoding scheme combining beamforming and crosstalk mitigation is presented, improving the bit-loading capability at high frequencies via constructive crosstalk from adja- cent twisted pairs. The second subpart addresses a newly observed disruption of the evolved broadband network to maintain the stability of services. The disruption, caused by sudden termination changes at user premises, significantly degrades per- formances at high frequencies, which are the key for the DSL evolution. A low-cost precoder updating procedure is proposed and applied to two types of common-used precoders. It enables quick retrieving of the normal opera- v vi Abstract tion state without the end-users experiencing any impairment on the quality of service. The third subpart extends the application from providing fixed access to fronthauling 4G and 5G mobile networks. In order to coordinate power and spectrum usage, the mobile network has its baseband units (BBUs) centralized, while pushing the radio units (RUs) closer to end-users with fronthaul links connected in between. Those links are then normally served by the fixed access network. In this regard, this thesis firstly sketches and analyzes the feasibility of an LTE-over-copper system considering the crosstalk issue. When it comes to 5G where the number of antennas scales up to be “massive”, strategies of beneficial functional split are discussed to lessen the dramatically growing traffic on the fronthaul links. Preface This doctorate dissertation is comprised of two parts. The first part gives an overview of the research field in which I have been working during my Ph.D. studies and a brief summary of my contributions to it. The second part is composed of the following published or submitted journal papers, technical report, and conference contributions: I. Yezi Huang, Thomas Magesacher, Eduardo Medeiros, Chenguang Lu, Per-Erik Eriksson, and Per Ödling, “Rate-Boosting Using Strong Crosstalk in Next Generation Wireline Systems,” in Proc. 2015 IEEE Global Com- munications Conference (GLOBECOM), San Diego, CA, December 2015, pp. 1-6. II. Yezi Huang, Anas F. Al Rawi, Thomas Magesacher, and Per Ödling, “Rate-Boosting via Beamforming for Multi-Pair Copper Channels,” Tech- nical Report, June 2017. III. Yezi Huang, Thomas Magesacher, Eduardo Medeiros, Chenguang Lu, Per-Erik Eriksson, and Per Ödling, “Mitigating Disorderly Leaving Events in G.fast,” in Proc. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), London, U.K., June 2015, pp. 939-944. IV. Yezi Huang, Thomas Magesacher, Chenguang Lu and Per Ödling, “Fast Mitigation of Sudden Termination Changes in Wideband Wireline Sys- tems,” in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 2610- 2621, June 2016. V. Eduardo Medeiros, Yezi Huang, Thomas Magesacher, Stefan Höst, Per- Erik Eriksson, Chenguang Lu, Per Ödling, and Per Ola Börjesson, “Crosstalk Mitigation for LTE-Over-Copper in Downlink Direction,” in IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1425-1428, July 2016. vii viii Preface VI. Yezi Huang, Eduardo Medeiros, Thomas Magesacher, Stefan Höst, Chen- guang Lu, Per-Erik Eriksson, Per Ödling, and Per Ola Börjesson, “Time- Domain Precoding for LTE-over-Copper Systems,” in Proc. 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 1-6. VII. Yezi Huang, Chenguang Lu, Miguel Berg, and Per Ödling, “Functional Split of Zero-Forcing Based Massive MIMO for Fronthaul Load Reduc- tion,” submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2017. Paper III and Paper V include the corresponding patent applications: [A] Yezi Huang, Thomas Magesacher, Eduardo Medeiros, Chenguang Lu, and Per-Erik Eriksson, “Method and Arrangement in a DSL Vector- ing System,” Patent application, US15509210, filed 30 September 2014, US20170250731A1, publication date 31 August 2017. [B] Eduardo Medeiros, Per-Erik Eriksson, Yezi Huang, and Chenguang Lu, “Methods and Nodes of a Wireless Communication Network for Mitigating Crosstalk in a Base Station System,” Patent application, PCT/EP2015/052888, filed 11 February 2015, WO2016128045A1, publi- cation date 18 August 2016. During my Ph.D. studies, I have also (co)authored the following conference contributions and patent applications, which are related to but not included in the thesis: VIII. Yezi Huang, Eduardo Medeiros, Stefan Höst, Thomas Magesacher, Per- Erik Eriksson, Chenguang Lu, Per Ödling, and Per Ola Börjesson, “En- abling DSL and Radio on the Same Copper Pair,” in Proc. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), London, U.K., June 2015, pp. 1031-1035. IX. Yezi Huang, Eduardo Medeiros, Nilma Fonseca, Stefan Höst, Thomas Magesacher, Per-Erik Eriksson, Chenguang Lu, Per Ödling, and Per Ola Börjesson, “LTE over Copper – Potential and Limitations,” in Proc. IEEE 26th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Hong Kong, China, September 2015, pp. 1339-1343. X. Chenguang Lu, Yezi Huang, and Miguel Berg, “Methods and Devices for Processing Uplink Signals,” Patent application, filed June 2017. Acknowledgements Before coming to Sweden, I had never thought about adding a doctorate degree to my resume. Shortly after approving my master’s thesis, Thomas Magesacher, who later became my Ph.D. supervisor, brought up this possibility of pursu- ing an academic Ph.D. stationed inside Ericsson. The special combination of academic and industrial competence sounded too exciting to be missed. Four years fly by, and now I am filled with gratitude to all the people that madethe decision right. Doing research is fascinating! My deep gratitude goes first to Thomas who is knowledgable and encour- aging. Thomas introduced me to the world of optimization, which became my key to extricate many mazes. Those inspiring discussions, from candidate al- gorithms to subtle abnormalities in simulation curves, developed me to think actively and work precisely. I am indebted to my co-supervisor Per Ödling who grants me the privi- lege to travel around the world, attending, giving presentations and discussing directly with professionals at many international conferences and European project meetings. His authority and charisma attract experts and entrepreneurs from numerous industries, whom are also invited over to the smörgåstårta lunch seminar Verticals to ICT. The “exotic” talks largely broaden my vision. I appreciate Per Ola Börjesson, also my co-supervisor and role model, for generously sharing his expertise. Irrespective of occasions, he always has ideas sparked with a cigar and has problems solved on a tissue—this is what I admire the most. I am particularly grateful to Henrik Almeida and his team at Ericsson Research. Thanks for the open environment that allows me to work closely with top-notch researchers and projects. I should express my special thanks to Chenguang, Pelle and Miguel for the insights in DSL techniques and 5G designs. Thanks Boris for the patient instructions in the lab, and thanks Neiva, Gemma, Elmar, Daniel, and Patryk for sharing knowledge and information with genuine kindness. Special thanks are devoted to Jochen Maes and Björn Landfeldt for the ix x Acknowledgements inspiring discussions during my Licentiate seminar. It is also a great honor to cooperate with Anas Mohsin and Les Humphrey from British Telecom (BT) as well as Lajos Hanzo, Jiankang Zhang and Rong Zhang from University of Southampton. Thanks for sharing thoughts, data, and profound comments
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