DOCSLIB.ORG

The A-Kinase Anchoring Protein (AKAP)-Lbc-Signaling Complex Mediates ␣1 Adrenergic Receptor-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The A-Kinase Anchoring Protein (AKAP)-Lbc-Signaling Complex Mediates ␣1 Adrenergic Receptor-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy The A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-Lbc-signaling complex mediates ␣1 adrenergic receptor-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy Aline Appert-Collin*, Susanna Cotecchia*, Monique Nenniger-Tosato*, Thierry Pedrazzini†, and Dario Diviani*‡ *De´partement de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Faculte´de Biologie et de Me´decine, Universite´de Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; and †Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland Edited by Robert J. Lefkowitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, and approved May 1, 2007 (received for review February 6, 2007) In response to various pathological stresses, the heart undergoes (PKN) (7), and stress-activated protein (SAP) kinases (8), which a pathological remodeling process that is associated with cardio- control the transcription of genes involved in cardiomyocyte myocyte hypertrophy. Because cardiac hypertrophy can progress hypertrophy. to heart failure, a major cause of lethality worldwide, the intra- At the cellular level, the activation of Rho is controlled by Dbl cellular signaling pathways that control cardiomyocyte growth family guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which all have been the subject of intensive investigation. It has been known share a Dbl homology (DH) domain and an adjacent pleckstrin for more than a decade that the small molecular weight GTPase homology (PH) domain (9). The DH domain is responsible for RhoA is involved in the signaling pathways leading to cardiomy- the guanine nucleotide exchange activity, whereas the PH do- ocyte hypertrophy. Although some of the hypertrophic pathways main controls the subcellular localization of the GEF or con- activated by RhoA have now been identified, the identity of the tributes to the binding pocket for Rho-GTPases (10). exchange factors that modulate its activity in cardiomyocytes is Recently, we identified an exchange factor expressed in the currently unknown. In this study, we show that AKAP-Lbc, an heart, termed AKAP-Lbc, which functions as GEF for RhoA as A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) with an intrinsic Rho-specific well as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) (11, 12). Inter- guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity, is critical for activat- ing RhoA and transducing hypertrophic signals downstream of estingly, AKAP-Lbc is regulated in a bidirectional manner by ␣1-adrenergic receptors (ARs). In particular, our results indicate signals that activate or deactivate its Rho-GEF activity. Activa- that suppression of AKAP-Lbc expression by infecting rat neonatal tion of AKAP-Lbc occurs in response to agonists that stimulate ventricular cardiomyocytes with lentiviruses encoding AKAP-Lbc- G proteins coupled receptors linked to the heterotrimeric G specific short hairpin RNAs strongly reduces both ␣1-AR-mediated protein G12 (11), whereas inactivation occurs through a mech- RhoA activation and hypertrophic responses. Interestingly, ␣1-ARs anism that requires phosphorylation of AKAP-Lbc by anchored promote AKAP-Lbc activation via a pathway that requires the ␣ PKA and subsequent recruitment of the regulatory protein subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein G12. These findings iden- 14-3-3 (13). tify AKAP-Lbc as the first Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor Although the implication of RhoA in the hypertrophic path- (GEF) involved in the signaling pathways leading to cardiomyo- ways activated by the ␣1-AR is known by more than a decade cytes hypertrophy. (14), the identity of the Rho-GEFs that mediate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has remained elusive mainly because of the unavail- cardiac hypertrophy ͉ Rho GTPase ͉ G protein-coupled receptor ability of reagents capable of inhibiting the function of exchange factors in a specific manner. In the present study, we used a entricular myocyte hypertrophy is an adaptive growth re- lentivirus-based strategy to deliver AKAP-Lbc-specific short Vsponse to a stress placed on the heart promoting an increase hairpin (sh) RNAs into primary cultures of rat neonatal ven- in cardiac contractility. It is associated with a nonmitotic growth tricular cardiomyocytes (NVMs). Using this approach, we could of cardiomyocytes, increased myofibrillar organization, and up- demonstrate that AKAP-Lbc plays a key role in mediating regulation of specific subsets of ‘‘fetal’’ genes that are normally ␣1-AR-induced hypertrophic responses. In particular, we found expressed during embryonic life (1). Because hypertrophy can that AKAP-Lbc participates in a transduction pathway activated often progress to heart failure, a major cause of morbidity and by the ␣1-AR that includes G␣12, AKAP-Lbc, and RhoA that mortality worldwide, many efforts have been made during recent promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Therefore, our findings years to define the molecular players involved in this patholog- identify AKAP-Lbc as a Rho-GEF crucially involved in the ical process. transduction pathways associated to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In this respect, several lines of evidence collected over more then 10 years indicate that adrenergic transmission mediated by ␣1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) can initiate signaling pathways Author contributions: A.A.-C., S.C., and D.D. designed research; A.A.-C., M.N.-T., T.P., and that control cardiomyocyte hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo D.D. performed research; T.P. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; A.A.-C. analyzed (2–4). ␣1-ARs are seven transmembrane domain receptors that data; and D.D. wrote the paper. can couple to and activate heterotrimeric G proteins of the Gq The authors declare no conflict of interest. and G12/G13 family (5). Although most of the studies have This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. focused on the role of the ␣ subunit of Gq in mediating the Abbreviations: AR, adrenergic receptor; GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor; AKAP, effects of ␣1-ARs on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, recent evi- A-kinase anchoring protein; shRNA, short hairpin RNA; NVM, neonatal ventricular cardi- ␣ ␣ omyocyte; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; PE, phenylephrine; ANF, atrial natriuretic dence now suggests that G 12 and G 13 also contribute impor- factor; moi, multiplicity of infection; Ang-II, angiotensin II; ET-1, endothelin 1; LPA, ly- tantly to the growth responses induced by these receptors (5). In sophasphatidic acid. ␣ fact, it has been shown that 1-ARs, by means of the stimulation ‡To whom correspondence should be addressed at: De´partement de Pharmacologie et de of the ␣ subunits of G12 and G13, can promote the activation of Toxicologie, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected]. the GTPase RhoA (5). In cardiomyocytes, this small molecular This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/ weight GTP-binding protein promotes the activation of different 0701099104/DC1. effector kinases, including Rho kinase (5, 6), protein kinase N © 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA 10140–10145 ͉ PNAS ͉ June 12, 2007 ͉ vol. 104 ͉ no. 24 www.pnas.org͞cgi͞doi͞10.1073͞pnas.0701099104 Downloaded by guest on September 25, 2021 Results A 1000 PE ␣ PE 6h B 1-AR Stimulation Up-Regulates AKAP-Lbc ExpressionANRm in Cardiomyo- noisserpxe * )detaertnu PE 24h 0h 6h 24h cytes. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that RhoA plays an 800 kb important role in mediating the hypertrophic responses to ␣1-AR agonists in rat NVMs (5, 14), thus raising the question of 600 9.5 which cardiac Rho-GEF could mediate receptor-induced RhoA 7.5 400 activation. Interestingly, we found that primary cultures of rat 4.5 fo fo * NVMs express several Rho selective exchange factors including 200 AKAP-Lbc LARG, PDZ-Rho-GEF, p115 Rho-GEF, and AKAP-Lbc that %( are known to be activated by G protein-coupled receptors 0 (GPCRs) [supporting information (SI) Fig. 5] (11, 15–18). We AKAP p115 PDZ LARG Lbc Rho Rho 123 initially determined by real-time quantitative PCR whether the GAPDH expression of these exchange factors could be modulated in GEF GEF response to the hypertrophic stimulation of cardiomyocytes with C 700 Untr. noisserpxe ANRm noisserpxe D PE n phenylephrine (PE). Interestingly, we found%( that fo treatment of )detaertnu Ϫ4 ANR oisserpxe 600 PE * 1000 ISO * NVMs for 24 h with 10 M PE could increase AKAP-Lbc ) l Ͼ ortn mRNA expression by 7-fold without significantly affecting the 800 500 * mRNA expression of the other exchange factors (Fig. 1A). 400 600 o Up-regulation of AKAP-Lbc expression was already detectable c 300 * fo 6 h after PE treatment as assessed by Northern blot and by 400 200 real-time PCR (Fig. 1 B Upper and C), suggesting that that the % 200 ( stimulation of AKAP-Lbc expression precedes the phenotypic 100 appearance of the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which is detect- 0 m 0 6h 24h AKAP able 24 h after PE treatment. Moreover, stimulation of NVMs ANF Ϫ Lbc for 24 h with 10 4 M of isoproterenol did not induce any detectable increase in the expression of AKAP-LbcANRm suggesting E noisserpxe 700 that AKAP-Lbc up-regulation is selectively induced in response%( fo )lortnoc 600 Untreated to the chronic activation of ␣1-ARs but not ␤-ARs (Fig. 1C). PE 24h We then examined whether AKAP-Lbc was also up-regulated 500 in vivo during pathological cardiac hypertrophy. To address this 400 issue we analyzed AKAP-Lbc expression in the left ventricular 300 tissue from mice that were subjected to a chronic infusion of PE 200 (100 ␮g⅐kgϪ1⅐dayϪ1) for a period of 14 days (19). In agreement 100 * with previous reports, this chronic PE treatment increased the 0 * cardiac weight index by 21% (SI Fig. 6). Interestingly, we found Control shRNA Mutated that ventricular expression of AKAP-Lbc and that of the hyper- shRNA trophic marker atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were increased in response to PE infusion by 3.5- and 4.6-fold, respectively (Fig. Fig. 1. PE selectively up-regulates AKAP-Lbc expression in cardiomyocytes. 1D). Altogether, these findings raise the intriguing hypothesis (A) Real-time PCR analysis of the mRNA expression of various Rho-GEFs was that AKAP-Lbc could participate in the early molecular events performed on total RNA samples extracted from rat NVMs that were left untreated or that were stimulated for 24 h with 10Ϫ4 M PE.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Local Commercial Radio Content
    Local commercial radio content Qualitative Research Report Prepared for Ofcom by Kantar Media 1 Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................................. 2 1 Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Summary of key findings .......................................................................................................... 5 2 Background and objectives ..................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Background ............................................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Research objectives ............................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Research approach and sample ............................................................................................ 11 2.3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.3.2 Workshop groups: approach and sample ........................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Research flow summary ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Addition of Heart Extra to the Multiplex Is Therefore Likely to Increase Significantly the Appeal of Services on Digital One to This Demographic
    Radio Multiplex Licence Variation Request Form This form should be used for any request to vary a local or national radio multiplex licence, e.g: • replacing one programme or data service with another • adding a programme or data service • removing a programme or data service • changing the Format description of a programme service • changing a programme service from stereo to mono • changing a programme service's bit-rate Please complete all relevant parts of this form. You should submit one form per multiplex licence, but you should complete as many versions of Part 3 of this form as required (one per change). Before completing this form, applicants are strongly advised to read our published guidance on radio multiplex licence variations, which can be found at: http://licensing.ofcom.org.uk/radio-broadcast- licensing/digital-radio/radio-mux-changes/ Part 1 – Details of multiplex licence Radio multiplex licence: DM01 National Commercial Licensee: Digital One Contact name: Glyn Jones Date of request: 15 January 2016 1 Part 2 – Summary of multiplex line-up before and after proposed change(s) Existing line-up of programme services Proposed line-up of programme services Service name and Bit-rate Stereo/ Service name and Bit-rate Stereo/ short-form description (kbps)/ Mono short-form (kbps)/ Mono Coding (H description Coding (H or F) or F) Absolute Radio 80F M Absolute Radio 80F M Absolute 80s 80F M Absolute 80s 80F M BFBS 80F M BFBS 80F M Capital XTRA 112F JS Capital XTRA 112F JS Classic FM 128F JS Classic FM 128F JS KISS 80F M KISS 80F
    [Show full text]
  • Download Valuing Radio
    Valuing Radio How commercial radio contributes to the UK A report by the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Commercial Radio The data within Valuing Radio is largely drawn from a 2018 survey of Radiocentre members. It is supplemented by additional research which is sourced individually. Contents 01 Introduction 03 Overview and recommendations 05 The public value of commercial radio • News and information • Economic value • Charity and community 21 Commercial radio people 27 Future of radio Introduction The APPG on Commercial Radio helps provide this important industry with a voice in parliament. With record audiences and more ways to listen than ever before, the impact of the industry should not be underestimated. While the challenges facing the sector have changed over the years, the steadfast commitment of stations to provide public value content every day remains. This new report, the first of its kind produced by the APPG, showcases the rich public value content that commercial radio provides to listeners for free. Valuing Radio explores the impact made by stations up and down the country, over and above the music and entertainment output that audiences expect. It looks particularly at radio’s role in providing news and information, the sector’s significant support for both charitable fundraising and education, in addition to work to improve diversity within the industry. Alongside this important public value content is a significant economic contribution to local economies across the UK. For the first time we have analysis on the impact of local advertising and the return on investment (ROI) that this generates for particular nations and regions of the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • ITV Plc Corporate Responsibility Report 04 ITV Plc Corporate Responsibility Report 04 Corporate Responsibility and ITV
    One ITV ITV plc Corporate responsibility report 04 ITV plc Corporate responsibility report 04 Corporate responsibility and ITV ITV’s role in society is defined ITV is a commercial public service by the programmes we make broadcaster. That means we and broadcast. The highest produce programmes appealing ethical standards are essential to to a mass audience alongside maintaining the trust and approval programmes that fulfil a public of our audience. Detailed rules service function. ITV has three core apply to the editorial decisions public service priorities: national we take every day in making and international news, regional programmes and news bulletins news and an investment in and in this report we outline the high-quality UK-originated rules and the procedures in place programming. for delivering them. In 2004, we strengthened our longstanding commitment to ITV News by a major investment in the presentation style. Known as a Theatre of News the new format has won many plaudits and helped us to increase our audience. Researched and presented by some of the finest journalists in the world, the role of ITV News in providing accurate, impartial news to a mass audience is an important social function and one of which I am proud. Our regional news programmes apply the same editorial standards to regional news stories, helping communities to engage with local issues and reinforcing their sense of identity. Contents 02 Corporate responsibility management 04 On air – responsible programming – independent reporting – reflecting society – supporting communities – responsible advertising 14 Behind the scenes – encouraging creativity – our people – protecting the environment 24 About ITV – contacts and feedback Cover Image: 2004 saw the colourful celebration of a Hindu Wedding on Coronation Street, as Dev and Sunita got married.
    [Show full text]
  • Off by Heart Roald Dahl - the Pig
    Off By Heart Roald Dahl - The Pig In England once there lived a big And wonderfully clever pig. To everybody it was plain That Piggy had a massive brain. He worked out sums inside his head, There was no book he hadn’t read. He knew what made an airplane fly, He knew how engines worked and why. He knew all this, but in the end One question drove him round the bend: He simply couldn’t puzzle out What LIFE was really all about. What was the reason for his birth? Why was he placed upon this earth? His giant brain went round and round. Alas, no answer could be found, Till suddenly one wondrous night All in a flash he saw the light. He jumped up like a ballet dancer And yelled, ‘By gum, I’ve got the answer! They want my bacon, slice by slice, To sell at a tremendous price! They want my tender juicy chops Schools - Teachers bbc.co.uk/schools/teachers/offbyheart BBC©2008 Off By Heart Roald Dahl - The Pig To put in all the butchers’ shops! They want my pork to make a roast And that’s the part’ll cost the most! They want my sausages in strings! They even want my chitterlings! The butcher’s shop! The carving knife! That is the reason for my life!’ Such thoughts as these are not designed To give a pig great peace of mind. Next morning, in comes Farmer Bland, A pail of pigswill in his hand, And Piggy, with a mighty roar, Bashes the farmer to the floor… Now comes the rather grizzly bit So let’s not make too much of it, Except that you must understand That Piggy did eat Farmer Bland.
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Birmingham Should Not Be Allowed to Make the Changes to The
    Spence, Mr Consultation question: Should regional radio station Capital FM (Birmingham) be permitted to make the changes to its Character of Service as proposed with particular regard to the statutory criteria as set out in the summary? (The Broadcasting Act 1990 Section 106 (1A) (b) and (d) relating to Format changes). Capital Birmingham should not be allowed to make the changes to the Character of Service as this would essentially change the station from am urban/black music station to a hit music station format which can potentially stop playing urban music if they wanted to if in the future it becomes less mainstream. The format change represents a real danger to the radio landscape in Birmingham as it can so significantly reduce the choice of music available in the area over time. It will make the station sound too similar to it's main competitors in the area on FM. I am not happy with the decision in particular to remove the commitment to listeners of African or Afro-Caribbean origin in terms of content and music. I do not believe the music output of Capital Birmingham should be allowed to be aligned to that of Yorkshire or London without a readvertisement of the license as the change requested is far too significant. I believe that the format must retain the words 'URBAN CONTEMPORARY BLACK MUSIC' and 'REGGAE, RnB AND HIP HOP' in order to be an acceptable request. The new requested format is already provided in much better quality by BBC Radio 1. I am not happy with the way the station has been allowed to gradually change from Choice FM in the mid 90s to the present day Capital FM with such a dramatic change in music output despite only slight changes to the official OFCOM agreed station format, while Choice London and Capital FM co-exist in London providing 2 very different sounding services.
    [Show full text]
  • Stations Monitored
    Stations Monitored 10/01/2019 Format Call Letters Market Station Name Adult Contemporary WHBC-FM AKRON, OH MIX 94.1 Adult Contemporary WKDD-FM AKRON, OH 98.1 WKDD Adult Contemporary WRVE-FM ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NY 99.5 THE RIVER Adult Contemporary WYJB-FM ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NY B95.5 Adult Contemporary KDRF-FM ALBUQUERQUE, NM 103.3 eD FM Adult Contemporary KMGA-FM ALBUQUERQUE, NM 99.5 MAGIC FM Adult Contemporary KPEK-FM ALBUQUERQUE, NM 100.3 THE PEAK Adult Contemporary WLEV-FM ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM, PA 100.7 WLEV Adult Contemporary KMVN-FM ANCHORAGE, AK MOViN 105.7 Adult Contemporary KMXS-FM ANCHORAGE, AK MIX 103.1 Adult Contemporary WOXL-FS ASHEVILLE, NC MIX 96.5 Adult Contemporary WSB-FM ATLANTA, GA B98.5 Adult Contemporary WSTR-FM ATLANTA, GA STAR 94.1 Adult Contemporary WFPG-FM ATLANTIC CITY-CAPE MAY, NJ LITE ROCK 96.9 Adult Contemporary WSJO-FM ATLANTIC CITY-CAPE MAY, NJ SOJO 104.9 Adult Contemporary KAMX-FM AUSTIN, TX MIX 94.7 Adult Contemporary KBPA-FM AUSTIN, TX 103.5 BOB FM Adult Contemporary KKMJ-FM AUSTIN, TX MAJIC 95.5 Adult Contemporary WLIF-FM BALTIMORE, MD TODAY'S 101.9 Adult Contemporary WQSR-FM BALTIMORE, MD 102.7 JACK FM Adult Contemporary WWMX-FM BALTIMORE, MD MIX 106.5 Adult Contemporary KRVE-FM BATON ROUGE, LA 96.1 THE RIVER Adult Contemporary WMJY-FS BILOXI-GULFPORT-PASCAGOULA, MS MAGIC 93.7 Adult Contemporary WMJJ-FM BIRMINGHAM, AL MAGIC 96 Adult Contemporary KCIX-FM BOISE, ID MIX 106 Adult Contemporary KXLT-FM BOISE, ID LITE 107.9 Adult Contemporary WMJX-FM BOSTON, MA MAGIC 106.7 Adult Contemporary WWBX-FM
    [Show full text]
  • Statement: Global Radio Approved Area Requests
    Global Radio approved area requests For the east, south and west of England STATEMENT Publication Date: 26 February 2019 Contents Section 1. Overview 1 2. The approved area requests 2 3. Assessment and decision 5 Annex Map of Anglia approved area 9 Map of Meridian approved area 10 Map of South West & Westcountry approved area 11 Global Radio approved area requests 1. Overview Most local analogue commercial radio stations are required to produce a certain number of hours of locally-made programming. Under legislation passed in 2010, these stations are not only able to broadcast their locally-made hours from within their licence area, but may instead broadcast from studios based elsewhere within a larger area approved by Ofcom. These wider areas are known as ‘approved areas’. Stations can also share their local hours of programming with other stations located in the same approved area. In October 2018, Ofcom published a statement1 (the ‘October 2018 Statement’) that introduced, following consultation, a new set of approved areas in England2 to give stations more flexibility in their broadcasting arrangements. We also said that we would consider requests from licensees to create new, bespoke, approved areas, since the statutory framework allows for an approved area in relation to each local analogue service. What we have decided Following consultation, Ofcom has approved three new approved areas which Global Radio has asked Ofcom to create for a number of FM local radio licences it owns. These new approved areas for Global Radio are as follows: • Anglia • Meridian • South West & Westcountry Following this decision, we have also approved a number of Format change requests submitted by Global Radio enabling stations located within these new approved areas to co-locate and share their local programming hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Screen: Big Debate – Consultation Itv Plc Response
    SMALL SCREEN: BIG DEBATE – CONSULTATION ITV PLC RESPONSE March 2021 [Redacted for publication] 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2021 is a critical year for Public Service Media and the UK’s wider TV ecology and creative economy The decisions we take this year about public service media will determine the extent to which the UK will continue to have a thriving national TV market serving all citizens, with public service media at its heart, alongside and participating in a thriving global market. The huge value people in Britain see in what Ofcom rightly calls Public Service Media (or ‘PSM’, which we adopt where appropriate in this submission) was strikingly set out in Ofcom’s consultation. The evidence amassed by Ofcom illustrated particularly the enduring importance of free-to-air, mass reach television from the existing PSB institutions in bringing people together right across the UK, regardless of ability to pay, supporting our culture, democracy and creative economy. PSM promotes and develops our shared values, national resilience, furthers the Creative Industries and nurtures Britain’s soft power abroad. Indeed, so compelling was Ofcom’s description of the benefits PSM brings to the UK and its citizens, we should now move on from the endless debate about the purposes or value of PSM and instead shift attention to the development of a plan to sustain it for the long term. But even as a consensus around the importance of PSM and the need for reform grows, so at the same time the commercial PSBs are faced with the immediate and serious impact of the proposed ban on HFSS food and drink advertising on TV before 9pm.
    [Show full text]
  • Listen to Music at Work
    MEDIA PACK ABSOLUTE RADIO The Absolute Radio family of stations is made up of Absolute Radio, Absolute Classic Rock, Absolute Radio 60s, Absolute Radio 70s, Absolute 80s, Absolute Radio 90s and Absolute Radio 00s. From landmark documentaries and intimate live sessions to festival exclusives and specialist programming, Absolute Radio is commercial radio’s most ambitious and innovative brand. We’re famous for being the home of Dave Berry, Jason Manford, Frank Skinner and the No Repeat Guarantee. We champion the very best in rock music, from breaking new acts such as Rag‘n’Bone Man and Blossoms to favourites such as Coldplay and Foo Fighters, along with the best of legends like The Beatles, Bon Jovi and Queen. We don’t do plastic pop pap – we do real guitars, real drums and real singers. Absolute Radio. Where real music matters. ABSOLUTE RADIO NETWORK NOW REACHES 4.7M LISTENERS 34.4M LISTENING HOURS ACROSS THE NETWORK PER WEEK UK’S #1 COMMERCIAL RADIO BREAK- FAST SHOW ABSOLUTE 80S #2 DIGITAL COMMERCIAL RADIO STATION ABSOLUTE RADIO AUDIENCE Absolute Radio’s listeners are ‘Reluctant Adults’ and are not like past generations. They have mortgages, families, careers and other adult responsibilities but also want to keep doing most of the things they did in their younger, ‘carefree’ years. To them, age is just a number. This is not about being childish, more about a defence against the dull! ‘Adulting’ is being done on their terms, as they turn their back on the societal norms of the past. For our ‘Reluctant Adults’, music is a constant and it is integral to everything they do.
    [Show full text]
  • The Policy and Regulatory Landscape
    PART TWO the policy and regulatory landscape 274 Since the beginning of the Republic, government policies have affected—sometimes profoundly— the evolution of the news media. What follows is a description and evaluation of FCC and other governmental policies that have shaped—and that continue to shape—the news media landscape and the provision of civically important information to citizens on a community level and nationwide. We focus on those policies that relate to the concerns raised in Part One, especially regarding the health of local information, news, and journalism. We have tried to critically evaluate the FCC’s own role. While some FCC policies have helped, some have not—and crafting sound policy going forward requires the Commission to understand why. Sociologist Paul Starr has argued that we are currently in a rare “constitutive moment,” when today’s decisions will shape media industry evolution for decades to come. Given the seismic nature of today’s changes, it is imperative that we be conscious of what our policies are and what they are attempting to achieve. In general, our review indicates that: 1. some current FCC policy is not in synch with the nature of modern media markets; and 2. many of the FCC’s current policies are not likely to help communities and citizens get the information they need. 275 26 Broadcast Radio and Television There is no doubT ThaT FCC poliCies have played a profound role in the development and growth of the modern broadcasting industry from its earliest days. Historically, some of the most significant Congressional and FCC poli- cies were: Promoting the creation of national radio networks: In 1928, the Federal Radio Commission, the FCC’s prede- cessor, set aside national “clear channels” to allow for the creation of national radio networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Starting a Local Radio Station
    STARTING A LOCAL RADIO STATION A MANUAL FOR AFGHANISTAN STARTING A LOCAL RADIO STATION A MANUAL FOR AFGHANISTAN JULY 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENts This manual was compiled by Parisa Saadatmand-Zitouni with the valuable contributions, advice, comments and support of many of the staff working with Internews. Thank you. Layout Design: Kirsten Ankers Citrine Sky Design Editing: Susan Haas This publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through a subgrant from Pact under Leader Award # GEG-A-00-01-00005-00. The contents are the responsibility of Internews Network and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the United States Government or Pact. 2 STARTING A LOCAL RADIO STATION: A MANUAL FOR AFGHANISTAN TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL ...................................................................................................................................... 7 SECTION ONE: GETTING STARTED ........................................................................................................................... 8 Creating Your Mission Statement ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Writing Your Station Policy Guide ................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]