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Download (199Kb) PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-11 PERSPEKTIF ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM KAJIAN BENCANA GEOLOGI DI INDONESIA QUANTITATIVE CHAR5A–C6TSEPRTIESMTBIECRS2O01F8T, GHREHACSLAEBAHTA PARSAAMNANIANDICATOR OF A COAL METHANE GAS IN TAMBANG BANKO, MUARA ENIM, SOUTH SUMATRA Anis Millayanti1* Ratih Purwaningsih2 Yusi Firmansyah3 Reza Mohammad Ganjar Gani4 Faculty of Geological Engineering, Padjdjaran University, Bandung *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The observed area is one of the coal exploration areas in Indonesia, i.e. Muara Enim Formation in South Sumatra Basin. The purpose of this research is to find out CBM indicator based on cleat quantitative analysis and the value of its permeability. The methods used in the research includes cleat attribute measures, i.e. length, aperture, and cleat spacing in 3 Coal Seam, i.e A1, A2, and B1. The cleat attribute measures use Cubes and Match Sticks formula based on Lucia (1983). Seam A1 has an aperture ranged between 0.0344 – 0.062 cm, cleat spacing ranged between 2.624 – 3.809 cm, and permeability ranged between 2.658 – 31.13 Darcy based on Cubes model and 1.9937 – 23.344 Darcy based on Match Sticks.While Seam A2 has an aperture ranged between 0.0343 – 0.0672 cm, and cleat spacing ranged between 2.484 – 3.724 cm, and permeability ranged between 2.07 – 45.82 Darcy based on Cubes model and 1.5525 – 34.364 Darcy based on Match Sticks model. And Seam B1 has an aperture ranged between 0.0348 – 0.0423 cm, and cleat spacing ranged between 2.673 – 4.577 cm, and permeability ranged between 2.544 – 6.677 Darcy based on Cubes model and 1.9077 – 5.008 Darcy based on Match Sticks model. The methane content in Seam A2 is more optimal, measured from its wider aperture, tighter spacing, more continuous cleat, and higher permeability value compared with both Seam B1 and A1. Keywords : cleat, CBM, permeability, muara enim formation Introduction Indonesia is a country with abundant natural resources, including coal. But having the demand increasing gradually without equal supply production, The experts decided to conduct further research regarding other alternative energies. Coal Bed Methane (CBM) is the answer for the issue. CBM is an alternative renewable energy capable to cover the lack of coal supply. Sumatra Island is one of the island that has the largest coal reserves in Indonesia, especially in South Sumatra Basin (PSDG, 2015). The cracks on coal layers affects the permeability and the quality of the coal. For Laubach (1998), cleat is a natural crack within coal layer, which has an open characteristic and consists of face cleat and butt cleat. Cleat which is opened and is made of both face cleat and butt cleat serves an important role in transporting fluids (Nelson, 2002; Rodrigues, 2003). Permeability, which is determined based on the cleat genetic, is another important parameter which serves to locate CBM. This research is located on Tambang Banko, Muara Enim, South Sumatra, at PT. Bukit Asam to be precise, under the purpose to identify between cleat quantitative characteristics and the methane gas prospects in coal layers. 481 PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-11 PERSPEKTIF ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM KAJIAN BENCANA GEOLOGI DI INDONESIA 5 – 6 SEPTEMBER 2018, GRHA SABHA PRAMANA Research Area and Regional Geology Administratively, the study area includes the area of Mining business license PT Bukit Asam Tambang Banko Barat, Lawang Kidul Subdistrict, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia (Figure 1). Fisiografi research areas include the South Sumatra basin as Back-arc Basin, as well as including the sub-Basin South of Palembang. In stratigraphy, formed at the end of the Miocene Epoch, this formation is dominated by fluvial sediments-deltaik and swamp (Ginger and Fielding, 2005). Muara Enim formations have 4 members of the formation from the oldest M1, M2, M3 and M4 (Shell Mijnbouw, 1978 in Rudiyanto, 2014). Areas of research include members of the formation of the M2. Members of the M2 is composed of 3 main coal Seam that is petai (seam C), suban (seam B), and mangus (seam A), besides members of the M2 is composed from repeated claystone and sandy clayston. Focus research on Seam Mangus (A1 and A2) as well as Seam Suban (B1). Regional geology research area can be seen in (Figure 2). Research Methods The research method used i.e. with the study of literature of all library writers earlier, whether published or not published. The results of the analysis of the obtained data (Taslim Maulana, 2016). The methods used in the research includes cleat attribute measures, i.e. length, aperture, and cleat spacing by using window scan on 16 measuring locations spreaded in 3 Coal Seam, i.e A1, A2, and B1 with 1X1 metre dimension, the scan window measurement is following from research of Apriyani and the others (2014). window scan measurement done if the thickness of the coal is more or equal to one metre. 16 measurement locations scattered on 3 Coal Seam, i.e. 4 locations on the Seam B1, 7 locations on Seam A2, and 5 locations on Seam A1. The cleat attribute measures use Cubes and Match Sticks formula based on Lucia (1983). According to Apriyani (2014), formula of Lucia (1983) can be modified to cubes and match stick as it is written in equation (1), (2) and (3) below. 6 2 Kf = 8,35 x 10 W (1) 2 cubes, K2 = 2/3 (kf W /Z) (2) 2 match sticks, k2 = 1/2 (kf W /Z) (3) Description : 2 kf = permeability constant (cm ) k2 = permeabilitas (Darcy) Data 1. The Regional Stratigraphic Research Area 482 PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-11 PERSPEKTIF ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM KAJIAN BENCANA GEOLOGI DI INDONESIA Measurement of Stratigra5p–h6icSEdPoTnEeMsBtEaRrte2d01a8, fGeRwHAmSeAtBeHrsA fPrRoAmMAthNeA floor seam B1 to top of seam A1. Litologi dominates on the bottom and top of the seam B1 is claystone with inserts of carbonaceous claystone. In addition there are also layers of tuffan sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, and carbonaceous shalestone in interbed between seam A2 and A1 (Figure 3) 2. Attributes of the Cleat (length, aperture and spacing cleat) Based on Table, conditions of cleats in the coal seam of PT Bukit Asam has interval average of aperture cleat 0.0343 cm – 0.0672 cm, length of cleats ranged 23.89 cm – 46.87 cm, and spacing cleat 2.48 cm – 4.57 cm. Cleat Attribute Analysis Quality level of coal is influenced by spacing and aperture in cracks of the coal. Spacing and aperture decrease from subbituminous to medium- low volatile bituminous coal and it’ll be increased again when coal become antrasite. This situation is caused by degree of coal forming that increases so the cracks tend to get smaller by the influence of pressure and temperature (Suarez-Ruiz and Crelling, 2008). Low level coal not only has a high amount of water, but also hasn’t got high pressure. Because of that, its aperture and spacing are relatively large. Meanwhile, high level coal has a low amount of water and has got higher pressure than the low level coal. That makes aperture, spacing, and cleat length of high level coal such as antrasite is smaller and shorter than the low level coal. Cracks will also show up when the water is being released from the coal. By comparing amounts of cleats on each seam which is spread on 16 research locations, Seam B1 with aperture length of 0.0348 – 0.0423 cm and spacing length between cleats which is 2.673 – 4.577 cm has a higher coal level than Seam A2 with 0.0343 – 0.0672 cm long of aperture and 2,484 – 3,724 cm long of cleats spacing. Seam A1 is the lower than Seam B1 and A2 with 0.0344 – 0.062 cm aperture and 2.624 – 3.809 cm of cleats spacing. Permeability analysis Cleat is accumulation and transporting place of fluids that has an important role in determining coal quality level. Because of that, a parameter is needed to determine quality level of coal. One of them is permeability as methane gas indicator. According to Table, Seam A1 has permeability value around 2.658 – 31.13 Darcy for Cubes model and 1.9937 – 23.344 Darcy for Match Sticks model while Seam A2 value is ranged around 2.07 – 45.82 Darcy for Cubes model and 1.5525 – 34.364 Darcy for Match Sticks model. Meanwhile, Seam B1 value is ranged around 2.544 – 6.677 Darcy for Cubes model and 1,9077 – 5,008 Darcy for Match Sticks model. Existence of methane gas at Seam A2 is better than the methane gas at Seam B1 and A1. Methane gas at Seam A2 has wider aperture, tighter spacing, continuous cleat, and higher permeability value. Meanwhile, Seam A1 and B1 has smaller aperture, farther spacing, discontinuous cleat, and smaller permeability value. According to the quantitative data and cleat permeability value, GMB will be more optimal if an in situ mining is done. However, a further analysis about subsurface and microcleat data is needed to be done in order to get more accurate result for further enhancement. 483 PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-11 PERSPEKTIF ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM KAJIAN BENCANA GEOLOGI DI INDONESIA Conclusion 5 – 6 SEPTEMBER 2018, GRHA SABHA PRAMANA Cleat is a crack which is located on coal and has an important role as a determinant of permeability value. Cleat quantity and permeability value can be used as a parameter to identify methane gas and coal quality. A high formation of cleats and a relatively big permeability cause the gas to be released. On the research area, the biggest GMB indicator is on Seam A2 because it has wide aperture cleat, tight spacing, continuous cleat, and good permeability value.
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