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Perkembangan Lelang Lebak Lebung Dalam Kehidupan Sosial Dan Ekonomi Di Desa Baturaja Kecamatan Rambang Dangku Kabupaten Muara En

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Perkembangan Lelang Lebak Lebung Dalam Kehidupan Sosial Dan Ekonomi Di Desa Baturaja Kecamatan Rambang Dangku Kabupaten Muara En View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI): E-Journal PERKEMBANGAN LELANG LEBAK LEBUNG DALAM KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI DI DESA BATURAJA KECAMATAN RAMBANG DANGKU KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM 1999-2015 (SUMBANGAN MATERI PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS TERPADU KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 2 RAMBANG DANGKU) Fahmi Wiratama Alumni Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah FKIP UNSRI E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRAK Adapun permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pelaksanaan lelang lebak lebung di Desa Baturaja, perkembangan lelang lebak lebung di Desa Baturaja tahun 1999-2015 dan pengaruh lelang lebak lebung dalam kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi di Desa Baturaja. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode historis dengan langkah-langkah : heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, wawancara dan historiografi. Pelaksanaan lelang lebak lebung pertama kali dikelolah oleh Desa Baturaja pada tahun 1999, setelah adanya surat penyerahan dari Kabupaten Muara Enim. Tradisi lelang lebak lebung di Desa Baturaja mengalami perkembangan, hal ini terlihat dari bertambahnya objek-objek lelang dan meningkatnya harga dari objek-objek lelang tersebut. Sebagai referensi pembelajaran, maka dengan disampaikan tulisan ini peserta didik mengetahui pelaksanaan dan perkembangan tradisi lelang lebak lebung di Desa Baturaja, serta pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi di Desa Baturaja. Kata-kata Kunci : Perkembangan, Lelang, Lebak, Lebung ABSTRACK Issues raised is how the implementation of the tradition of the lebak lebung auction in the village of Baturaja, How is the development of the tradition of the lebal lebung auction in the village of Baturaja in 1999-2015, and what is the influence of the tradition of lebak lebung auction in social and economic life in village of Baturaja. The methodology used in this study is a historical method, with steps :Heuristics, Source Criticism, Interpretation, Interviews, and Historiography. The implementation of the lebak lebung auction was first managed by the Village of Baturaja in 1999, after a letter of submission from Muara Enim Regency. The tradition of the lebak lebung auction in the Village of Baturaja has developed, this can be seen from the increasing number of auction objects and the increasing price of the auction objects. As a learning reference, this article presents the students knowing the implementation and development of the tradition of the lebak lebung auction in the Village of Baturaja. As well as its influence on the social and economic life. Keywords :Development, Auction , Lebak, Lebung 1 PENDAHULUAN Sukadi, 2005) terdiri atas beberapa tipe ekosistem, yaitu danau, waduk, Negara Kesatuan Republik sungai, rawa, dan estuaria. Masing- Indonesia memiliki kekayaan alam masing tipe ekosistem perairan perairan umum yang menyebar di mempunyai karakteristik lingkungan hampir seluruh pulau-pulau di dan keunikan sumber daya ikan yang wilayah Indonesia. Perairan umum berbeda-beda. Kekayaan alam diartikan sebagai bagian dari tersebut harus disyukuri dan harus permukaan bumi yang secara mendapat perhatian dari semua pihak permanen atau berkala digenangi air agar tetap terjaga dan terkelola (ekosistem perairan), baik berair dengan baik. Penyelarasan berbagai tawar, payau, atau asin yang kepentingan harus menjadi dasar terbentuk secara alami ataupun dalam penataan ruang perairan buatan, yang bukan milik perorangan maupun daratan yang berhubungan atau badan usaha. Perairan umum langsung dengan perairan (Hartoto dikuasai sepenuhnya oleh Negara, dan Wiadnyana,2011: 1-2). sebagaimana tersirat dalam Pasal 33 Pada umumnya perairan UUD 1945. Pemerintah diberi umum dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat wewenang untuk mengelola dan untuk kegiatan transportasi, mengembangkan perairan umum penangkapan ikan dan sebagai yang pelaksanaannya dapat sumber air untuk kehidupan rumah dilimpahkan kepada instansi-instansi tangga, serta sebagai plasma nutfah pemerintah baik pusat maupun perairan. Pemanfaatan rawa lebak daerah dan badan-badan berbentuk pada kebanyakan daerah masih hukum tertentu serta lainnya terbatas pada pola perikanan (misalnya melalui hak guna usaha) tangkap.Perairan umum daratan sambil tetap menghormati hak yang Indonesia ditaksir seluas 13,58 juta dimiliki oleh masyarakat (adat) ha yang terdiri dari 12,0 juta ha setempat sepanjang tidak sungai dan paparan banjiran bertentangan dengan kepentingan (floodplains), 1,8 juta ha danau alam nasional, sehingga perairan umum (natural lakes) dan 0,05 juta ha dapat digunakan untuk sebesar- danau buatan(man-made lakes) atau besarnya kemakmuran masyarakat waduk (reservoirs)(Sukadi dan secara adil, merata dan berlanjut Kartamihardja, 1995). (Ephie, 2011). Secara topografi perairan Perairan umum di Indonesia umum dibedakan atas perairan tersebar di Pulau Sumatera, Papua daratan dan perairan umum bahari. dan Kalimantan (Muthmainah, Menurut definisi yang telah 2011). Di Sumatera Selatan luas diuraikan oleh para pakar, perairan perairannya sekitar 2,5 Juta ha terdiri darat adalah semua bentuk badan air dari 46% rawa, 33% sungai, 12% yang terletak di atas garis pasang danau dan 9% kuala. Perairan umum terendah ke arah daratan. Perairan berdasarkan wilayah terbagi menjadi daratan yang luasnya diperkirakan 6 Kawasan yaitu Kawasan budidaya, sekitar 54 juta ha di seluruh lindung, penangkapan, perhubungan, Indonesia (Manggabarani dalam wisata dan kawasan bahaya. 2 Kawasan budidaya merupakan suatu Selatan, maka dikeluarkan Peraturan lokasi untuk budidaya meliputi lahan Daerah Tingkat I Propinsi Sumatera basah berupa rawa pasang surut Selatan No. 8/Perdass/1973/1974 tgl. (Sumantriyadi, 2014: 60) 14 Juli 1974 Tentang Lelang Lebak Di Sumatera Selatan, perairan Lebung yang mengatur keseragaman umum sungai dan rawa dikenal peraturan tata cara lelang perairan di dengan nama perairan umum lebak Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Dan lebung. Lebak merupakan kawasan disempurnakan kembali melalui yang genangan airnya dipengaruhi Perda Prop. Sumsel No. 6 Tahun oleh hujan setempat atau luapan 1978 tentang perubahan pengaturan sungai karena hujan di hulunya. lelang lebak lebung. Dalam hal ini, Areal ini biasanya di antara dua peraturan daerah tingkat propinsi sungai besar yang terhampar pada tersebut tetap memberikan dataran rendah. Berbeda dengan kewenangan kepada pemerintahan rawa pasang surut yang genangan marga untuk melaksanakan airnya dipengaruhi oleh pasang pengaturan lelang lebak lebung di surung air laut yang fluktuasi airnya wilayah Sumatera Selatan (Nasution, bersifat harian, kawasan ini 2012: 79). tergenang selama musim hujan dan Lebak lebung terdapat di berangsur-angsur kering selama sembilan kabupaten/kota di Sumatera musim kemarau (Junaidi, 2009: 1). Selatan yaitu Kota Palembang, Menurut Hanafi (2005) lebak Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Ogan lebung merupakan daerah yang Komering llir, Banyuasin, Musi sangat subur karena banyak Banyuasin, Muara Enim, Musi mengandung unsur hara dan pakan Rawas, Ogan Komering Ulu, Ogan alami untuk ikan terutama berasal Komering Ulu Timur. Kabupaten dari proses dekomposisi vegetasi Muara Enim merupakan salah satu hutan rawa pada saat tergenang. wilayah yang ada di Provinsi Areal lebak lebung terdiri dari lebak Sumatera Selatan yang memiliki lebung dan sungai yang secara alami sumber daya alam yang melimpah.Di pada musim air pasang sebagai sebagian wilayah Kabupaten Muara tempat berkembangnya ikan,lebak Enim, mulai dari utara terus ke timur lebung merupakan perairan umum laut, merupakan dataran rendah air tawar yang bersifat musiman berupa rawa atau lebak (BAPPEDA dapat dimanfaatkan untuk usaha Muara Enim, 2014) sehingga penangkapan ikan dan budidaya sebagian besar masyarakat perikanan (Sarnita dalam Nasution, Kabupaten Muara Enim 2012: 1). memanfaatkannya sebagai lahan Pengelolaan lebak lebung di pertanian, padang gembalaan ternak, Sumatera Selatan pertama kali daerah penangkapan, pengumpulan ditetapkan pada masa pemerintahan hasil hutan, pemukiman dan Marga yang dipimpin oleh Kepala sebagainya. Marga (Pasirah). Kemudian, setelah Potensi perikanan perairan ada pengarahan dari pemerintah umum Kabupaten Muara Enim pada pusat kepada daerah Sumatera tahun 2013 terdiri dari: potensi sungai dengan luas areal 224,24 ha 3 dengan produksi 1407,6 ton, potensi Pengelolaan lelang lebak lebung rawa lebak dengan luas areal perlu diatur oleh pemerintah daerah 11,684,00 ha dengan produksi dengan telah diserahkan objek lelang 877,38 ton, potensi danau dengan lebak lebung kepada desa melalui luas areal 2646,80 ha dan produksi surat Bupati Kabupaten Muara Enim 707,31 ton. Secara keseluruhan luas tanggal 19 september 1998 areal dan produksi perikanan No.140/2147/ II/1998 tentang perairan umum di Kabupaten Muara penyerahan objek lelang lebak Enim tahun 2013, dengan total luas lebung dari Kabupaten Muara Enim areal 33,814,80 ha, dengan total kepada desa (Yanti dkk, 2015: 164- produksi 2,992,31 ton (Yanti dkk, 165). 2015: 159-160). Untuk menjaga Di Muara Enim sendiri lelang kelestarian sumberdaya alam dan lebak lebung terdapat dibeberapa hasil tangkapan ikan maka kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Muara diperlukan adanya pengelolaan Enim, Ujan Mas, Gunung Megang, ekosistem perairan yang efektif dan Sungai Rotan, Kecamatan Lubai dan terpadu. Salah satu cara pengelolaan Kecamatan Rambang Dangku. Pada yang telah lama diterapkan di penelitian ini penulis tertarik untuk Kabupaten Muara Enim adalah meneliti di Kecamatan Rambang penetapan kawasan lelang lebak Dangku, karena wilayah ini lebung pada perairan sungai, danau merupakan salah satu
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